1st Disarmament - European Style North Korea and Nuclear Weapons Advanced Iraq I.

Background In the mid 1980s the first signs of North Koreas involvement in Nuclear weapons was detected by U.S. intelligence. These signs turned out to be correct and in 1986 produced plutonium in a reactor. In March of 1993 North Korea rejected the IAEA inspectors' request to see two undeclared sites and threatened to withdraw from the NPT. Ironically, North Korea was the first member state of the IAEA and it withdrew from it twenty years later in June of 1994. The U.S. made attempts to cooperate with North Korea and under the administration of President Clinton the US signed an Agreed Framework with North Korea to freeze its nuclear program in exchange for aid. North Korea undermined the agreement with the United states and in 2002 it announced that it plans to restart Yongbyon reactor. After this point, it cut off all inspections from the IAEA. In 2003 North Korea quit the NPT. Two years later, North reached a deal with China, Japan, Russia, South Korea and United States on "abandoning all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programs and returning, at an early date, to the NPT and to IAEA safeguards" In 2006, North Korea carried out its first Nuclear test. In 2009 North Korea successfully launched a multistage rocket and the UN condemned them for it. II. United Nations Involvement The UN has been very involved in the use of nuclear weapons due to its severity and controversy. The UN created the NPT to limit the multiplication and use of nuclear weapons. There are only four countries that have not signed this treaty: India, Israel, Pakistan, and North Korea. North Korea, Israel, and India have all openly tested nuclear weapons and have admitted to possessing weapons. Initially, North Korea agreed to the treaty but later violated its conditions resulting in their withdrawal in 2003. The UN has been condemning North Koreas actions regarding the launch of nuclear missiles, specifically in June of 2009. The actions of North Korea have resulted in many countries sanctioning their actions including their neighbor, South Korea. III. Country Policy Iraq is opposed to North Korea having Nuclear weapons considering their very unstable and rebellious history. Iraq perceives North Korea as a threat and believes that it is not responsible enough to have nuclear weapons.

IV. Solutions Iraq believes that we should encourage North Korea to join back in 6 party talks. We should give them incentives such as economic aid. We should also try to compromise with them and make sure that if they use nuclear power, its for and energy source and not weaponry, and we must verify this by making sure they cooperate with the UN. Works Cited: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/5381109/North-Koreas-nuclearactivities-timeline.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_2006_North_Korean_nuclear_test http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction#Chronology_of_e vents

Ali Bokhari Advanced 1st Disarmament Committee - European Style Topic 2 Safety against Nuclear Armed Countries Iraq

I. Background Information Nuclear Weapons Safety is the application of engineering and management principles, criteria, and techniques to protect nuclear weapons against the risks and threats inherent in their environments within the constraints of operational effectiveness, time, and cost throughout all phases of their life cycle. It is very apparent that nuclear weapons are extremely dangerous and we have seen them wipe out town in the time span of a minute. Whats more dangerous than the weapons themselves is the fact that some countries have them and others dont. The countries that do have them are a major threat to those who dont and to each other. Taking this into consideration, the need for an elaborate safety system against nuclear weapons becomes quite apparent. II. United Nations involvement The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is a treaty to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. The treaty came into force on 5 March 1970, and currently there are 189 states that signed the treaty, five of which are recognized as nuclear weapon states: the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China. III. Possible Solutions The first and most blatantly obvious solution to this problem is education. We must educate our citizens on what to do when a nuclear bomb is dropped and what is the best way to evade this. The best way to prevent an attack is to not have it happen at all, to do this we must try to urge all countries to sign the NPT and cooperate with the United Nations. We must develop elaborate missile defense systems in order to protect our citizens and countries from nuclear attacks.

Works Cited: http://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/nuclearweaponssurety.html

Ali Bokhari Iraq Advanced 1st Disarmament Committee Atomic Activity in Iraq I. Background The Iraqis did the basic research work at their nuclear research establishment at Tuwaitha, near Baghdad. The Iraqis were also very interested in centrifuge enrichment, and had been able to acquire some components including some carbon-fibre rotors, which they were at an early stage of testing. In 1990 Iraq was clearly in violation of its NPT and safeguards obligations. The UN Security Council ordered the IAEA destroy Iraq's nuclear weapons capability. This was done by mid-1998, but Iraq then ceased all cooperation with the UN, so the IAEA withdrew from this work. II. United Nations Involvement It wasnt until the 1990 NPT Review Conference did some states suggested to use inspections on Iraq. After inspections in Iraq after the UN Gulf War cease-fire resolution, the extent of Iraq's clandestine nuclear weapons program was shown; it became clear that the IAEA would have to conduct more thorough inspections. Iraq was an NPT Party, which meant that it agreed to put all its nuclear materials under the IAEAs safeguard. The inspections revealed that it had been pursuing an extensive clandestine uranium enrichment program, as well as a nuclear weapons design program. III. Country Policy After the regime of Sadam Hussein was over thrown, there has been no pursuit of nuclear weapons by Iraq. In fact, The IAEA Director General Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei wrote the following statement, To conclude: we have to date found no evidence that Iraq has revived its nuclear weapons programme since the elimination of the programme in the 1990s Iraq is done with that period in our history and now only pursues Nuclear technology in order to use it as a source of energy. Works Cited: http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf73.html http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/iaeairaq/unscreport_101003.shtml

http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB80/new/doc%2020/The%20Status%20of%20 Nuclear%20Inspections%20in%20Iraq.htm