Transmission Line Design The project deals with the design of transmission line involving various parameters which

affect the efficiency as well as the economic aspects of transmission line. It helps to choose the optimum parameters and choice of different equipments by which the desired efficiency and regulation can be obtained. The optimal voltage is chosen on the basis of power to be transmitted and the length of transmission lines. The number of circuits for the transmission line is chosen based on the SIL. Optimum conductor is chosen which satisfies both the efficiency and the current carrying capacity. The efficiency as well as the voltage regulation of the system is to be maintained within the prescribed range. The sag is calculated under normal conditions as well as adverse atmospheric conditions. And the tower height can be determined from the required clearance. Compensation is required in order to maintain the voltage regulation at 5%. The report consists of all the information about the parameters involved in the design of transmission line. Also we have specified the various formulas and the conditions under which they are most appropriate to use while designing the transmission line. The report also consists of various tables which enable us to choose various other parameters from the data obtained. Analysis and results that we obtained from the simulation of our program is also incorporated in our report.

Mandip Luitel Juben Bhaukajee

Computer Simulation for Load Flow and Voltage Stability Because of the high demand, the size of the power system which provides electricity is increasing and also becoming complex. By considering environmental or economical aspects, many power systems are forcefully operated close to their stability limit. Therefore methods to monitor their performances are required. The project is a complete analysis of load flow problem and solution for different power system network. The load flow solution is done by the help of computer using Matpower Software. Among the various methods for load flow studies Newton Raphson method is used. Matpower consists of set of Matlab commands and M-files for certain standard power system network using Newton Raphson method. The simulated load flow solution of the network gives us the complete idea about voltage level at different bus, line flows, power generated and consumed (active and reactive), angles etc. Also the voltage stability analysis of certain network, critical bus identification and methods to improve voltage profile in critical bus have been done. Upon simulation of different networks we obtained the load flow solutions which were similar to manually calculated value. Also we wrote MATLAB code for voltage stability and suggested different methods for improvement of voltage profile at critical bus. The report contains the detail preamble to the project, theoretical information about load flow and load flow solution, voltage stability analysis and software to perform load flow solution and voltage stability analysis. Complete analysis of certain test system is presented in the report, with their simulated solution and appendix containing Matpower guide.

Bipul Khatiwada Ganesh Neupane

Steady State Modeling of Self Excited Induction Generator Induction generator with its many advantages like ruggedness, easy off the shelf availability, less maintenance requirements, absence of de-excitation inherent short circuit protection, provides an attractive replacement to synchronous generator, especially for standalone power generation. In the self excited induction generator systems for pico and micro hydro applications, three phase machine is widely used. But the demand for the single-phase load system is absolutely necessary in the rural areas where these induction machines have larger application. This makes the whole system unbalanced and undesirable. Hence such system requires unbalanced capacitive excitation to compensate the effect of unbalanced loading. For the choice of the unbalanced excitation capacitors, the different models are derived for the different configurations and the performance of the three-phase machines (SEIG) are studied. The mathematical model has been studied along with the simulation of the results in MATLAB.

Nabin Karki Biplav Kafle

PWM Controlled Static VAR Compensator This project aims to provide control and stabilize receiving end voltage in the areas of high load growth, of high voltage power transmission network. By considering the fact that, when fully loaded long length high voltage transmission line is suddenly rejected its full load, the receiving end voltage increases significantly (due to shunt parameter + generated leading VAR in the High Voltage network), it's impact will strikes to the receiving end sub-station devices & can be cascaded to the nearest power plant, results crossing of over voltage limits is IBM power plant & that plant will trip first & next nearest plant will trips & so on ... the entire grid may catastrophically collapse. If there is no reactive power compensation device installed at the receiving end, such problem may arises frequently, which is a great challenge from the power system stability stand point. However, in case of heavily loaded conditions of the high voltage transmission line (most of the loads are inductive & resistive in nature) the receiving end voltage may decrease below the permissible limits, and this can be improved by connecting shunt capacitors into the receiving end. The Static VAR Compensator is basically power electronics devices that provide fast-acting reactive power compensation on high-voltage transmission networks as and when required. SVC technology increases transmission capacity and stabilizes power supply voltage and is a vital part of the transmission system for maintaining reliability, and stability of power system network during various system conditions. This project is basically consists of an equivalent model of 400KV 300 KM long transmission line as per its standards equivalent line parameters. The type of compensator we have selected in this project is fixed capacitor, thyristors (TRIAC) Controlled Reactor.

The Proportional Controller is designed as per the characteristics shown by the model of the transmission line. The phase angle control approach for the inductive VAR compensator is implemented by using Pulse Width Modulation control technique. However, capacitive VAR compensator is fixed. In this controller if the terminal voltage at the receiving end is increased above its safe operating limits (full load rejected case) full cycle of AC will be automatically connected to the inductive VAR compensator through bidirectional conducting thyristors (TRIAC), this will consume available leading VAR in the high voltage grid. However, when the grid is loaded by its usual load partially the cycle of AC will connected to the inductive VAR compensator & finally when line is fully loaded inductive VAR compensator will be completely rejected from the system, hence process will be repeated as & when required. This is how this controller will control & monitor the receiving end voltage by using a SVC technology.

Om Prakash Pokharel Ramesh Khadka

High Voltage DC Generator The project is chosen to develop a circuit model for the generation of Extra High voltage in laboratory using electrical and electronic components. The aim of this project is to generate high voltage DC in university laboratory. In this project it is tried to make and analyze different types of High Voltage DC Generator such as cock-croft Walton voltage multiplier circuit, Extra High Tension (EHT) transformer coil circuit and TRIAC drive 12V car-ignition coil circuit. This project was successfully completed in the EHT transformer coil high voltage circuit and TRIAC drive 12V car-ignition coil circuit and partially completed in the cock-croft Walton voltage multiplier circuit. This report includes different types of High Voltage Generator applicable in laboratories, voltage multiplier Circuit, Cockcroft-Walton and its working principle, simulation in Electronics Work Bench (EWB) and their results. Design of Extra High Tension (EHT) transformer used High Voltage Generator, its working principle, circuit operation and results, TRIAC drive 12V Car ignition coil and its principle, operations and results. All circuits with hardware fabrication process, testing result are also explained, and at last High Voltage measurement techniques and earthing system are also included in the report.

Purna Gopal Ranjit

Development of Switch Reluctant Motor The purpose of this project is to develop SRM from the three-phase induction motor such that the developed motor will have some character of induction motor too. It's a 4/4 (4 stator poles and 4 rotor poles) motor which runs in synchronous speed. The motor starts as an induction motor and changes to synchronous and sharp decrement of the torque when it reaches synchronous speed shows the reluctance property of the motor. At different SRM voltage, maximum power ascertained is different. Therefore, it can be used in application where variation of power is important.

Saurav Man Singh Basnet

Load Flow Study The power system network of today is highly complicated consisting of hundreds of buses and transmission links. Thus, the load flow study involves extensive calculations. The main objective of our project is to determine the magnitude of power flows and voltages for a loop or radial network which may consist of bus ways, cables, generators, loads (including capacitors), reactors, transmission lines, transformers. This project helps to determine if system voltages remain within specified limits under various contingency conditions, and whether equipment such as transformers and conductors are overloaded. Load-Flow studies are often used to identify the need for additional generation, capacitive, or inductive VAR support, or the placement of capacitors and/or reactors to maintain system voltages within specified limits. Load studies are essential in planning the future development of the system because satisfactory operation of the system depends on knowing the effects of interconnections with other power systems, of new loads, new transmission lines before they are installed. Load flow studies determine the main information obtained from the load flow study comprises of magnitudes and phase angles of voltages at load bus; reactive powers and voltage phase angles at generator buses, real and reactive power flow on transmission lines together with power at the reference bus, other variables being specified.

Sushil Subedi Dibyash Shrestha

Closed Loop Speed Control of a DC motor using a chopper This project deals with the speed control of a dc motor in a closed loop system. The motor is fed by a first quadrant class A chopper which uses MOSFET as a switch. The desired speed is gained using a feedback loop, which is controlled by programmed computer. The feedback speed from the motor is compared with the reference speed defined by user through computer which generates the error signal that is fed into comparator circuit. The comparator compares the error signal with some other fixed reference signal and accordingly yields a controlling pulse required for the MOSFET triggering to increase or decrease the speed of the motor. And thus the average voltage across the motor changes and accordingly the speed varies till the error signal is zero which means reference signal (r) is equal to output signal (y).

Saurav Adhikari Diwash Sharma

Study of Breakdown Characteristics of Air Insulation Under Different Voltage Profiles and Electrode Configuration
Our project is mainly concerned over the High voltage line. We have done different High voltage tests, on different voltage profiles i.e. AC, + DC, -DC and impulse voltages and under different electrode configuration i.e. needle-plane, needle-needle and sphere-sphere, in the newly established High voltage lab at KU premises. We perform different experiments to test different characteristics of High voltage in air in different electrode configuration with various gaps. As an outcome of the project, we found that, dielectric strength of air insulation depends, not only in the breakdown voltages applied, but also in the geometry of the electrode configuration. The reason behind taking this project is to gain practical knowledge along with theoretical knowledge in the field of High voltage. In recent times, there is far more advancement in this field mainly due to need of more High voltage transmission line with the growing power demand.

Prajjwal Baral Sandeep K. Singh