Flood Damage in Ampara District

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRNMENTAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF RUHUNA
CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

FLOOD DAMAGES IN AMPARA DISTRICT 2011 (02/01/2011 to 07/02/2011)
NAME
: BANDARA K.A.J.M.
REG No : RU/E/2008/014 DATE : 13/06/2011
CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to Dr. Amila De Silva for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the report & also for their support in completing the report. I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member of Faculty of Engineering for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this report. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to Eng. Saman S.L. Weerasinghe, Regional Director of Irrigation of the Ampara Range for giving me such attention and time.
Bandara K.A.J.M RU/E/2008/014 Faculty of Engineering University of Ruhuna.
Faculty of Engineering
Page 2

CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CONTENT 1.0 SUMMARY 2.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE GAL OYA BASIN 2.1.1 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SENANAYAKA TANK 3.0 FLOOD DAMAGES 3.1.1 OPERATIONAL ISSUES 4.0 DATA ANALYZING 5.0 CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES ANNEXES Page No i ii 1 1 1 3 4 6 11 11 12
Page 3
1.0 SUMMARY
This report presents the results of an impact in flood during at January 2011 in Ampara District. Due to heavy rains in Ampara District has become inaccessible through the Inginiyagala, Mahaoya and Kalmunai routes, which have been submerged, access has been cut off to all Division. This is the most devastating floods that hit the Eastern part of the country especially Ampara since 1913.
2.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE GAL OYA BASIN

Gal Oya, a reservoir-based irrigation system, lies on the eastern coastal plain of Sri Lanka (fig. 1). Originally proposed just after Sri Lankas independence in 1948, the main reservoir was completed in 1960, and the full irrigation system was transferred from the Gal Oya Development Board to the Irrigation Department for routine operation and maintenance. The reservoir, Senanayake Samudra, has a capacity of 979 million cubic meters. Immediately below the dam is a trifurcation that controls water deliveries into the main divisions of the system: the Right side (11,741 ha), the River Division (8,502 ha), and the Left side (16,328 ha). Its combined irrigated area makes Gal Oya the largest contiguous irrigation system in Sri Lanka. 2.1.1 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF SENANAYAKA TANK The reservoir has been classified as deep, encompassing many valleys as the wetland is a multifingered lake with 4 major basins and surrounded by hills. The reservoir is located in the Gal Oya basin, which covers an area of 179,200 ha. The catchment area of the reservoir alone covers about 100,000ha. The main river feeding the reservoir is the Gal Oya River. In addition to this, the reservoir is fed with water from seven main tributaries and 23 unnamed minor seasonal streams. The profusion of bays gives the reservoir an estimated shoreline of about 130 km at full supply level. The capacity of the reservoir is 949x106 m3 with a maximum depth of 33m and an average depth of 12m. The water level in the reservoir is subject to wide seasonal and annual fluctuations and is directly related to rainfall in the region. The lowest level recorded in the recent past was 28m below spill level in 1989; maximum depth in the reservoir at that time was 5m. The length of the dam is 1,093m with a crest at 83 m above sea level. The entire reservoir area is situated in the Vijayan series, a Precambrian formation prevailing in the eastern part of the country. The reservoir is situated in the dry zone of the eastern low country of Sri Lanka in the agro-ecological region DL2, which is defined as an area with a 75% expectancy of annual rainfall exceeding 900mm. Most rainfall is normally recorded in the period October-February; the period May-September is usually dry. Mean annual temperature is around 27.7 0C.
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Figure No 01
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3.0 FLOOD DAMAGES

The floods in Sri Lanka are most likely to occur in the months of May in the first cycle and in December in the second cycle. With respect to spatial distribution floods are most frequent in the districts of Ampara. Due to floods in Ampara at January, 24 dead, 4 lakhs destitute, 1 lakhs acres paddy field destroyed. This damages occur after 1984 later year ago. People have become increasingly affected by floods with the highest number recorded in 2011. Further, people located in the division of Ampara District have been most affected by floods. However, the occurrence of deaths due to floods is quite high except for the last years where it reached nearly 15 persons. Destruction and damage to houses and buildings also appear to follow a similar pattern with most damage occurring in the districts of Ampara. Damage to paddy has taken place mostly in the earlier years with the highest impact recorded in 1984, while spatially the highest damage has incurred in the districts of Ampara. Due to torrential rain resulting from recent weather condition, nearly 10 Divisional Secretariat Divisions of Ampara district have been experiencing flooding since the 6th January 2008. The most affected D.S. Divisions are Akkaraipattu, Aalayadivembu, Ninthavur, Thirukkovil, Pottuvil, Sammanthurai, Saithamaruthu, Karaitivu, Addalaichenai and Kalmunai. Over 70,000 children are among the affected. While some schools in the flooded areas are being used as temporary camps, many of the school going childrens educational activities have been disrupted due to present weather condition/flood situation. Most of the affected families are depending on fisheries and daily earnings for their livelihood. As the heavy rain disrupted these families livelihood, children in the families are affected by shortage of food, drinking water and proper sanitary care.
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497.8 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1st Flood 2nd Flood 181 159 248.9
Funds required for the repairs the Damages in 2011 Rs. 300.0 Million
No of Damages Tentative Estimate Cost(Million)
Table No 01 3.1.1 OPERATIONAL ISSUES The torrential rains have caused main roads to be submerged reducing access to affected areas. Additionally, heavy rains also resulted in the intermittent opening of sluice gates of tanks and reservoirs. Transport and telecommunications are disrupted across the districts. All schools in the affected areas have been declared closed by the Government throughout the week and most of the displaced are accommodated in most of these sites.
3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 39 0 95 743 512 207 15 12 816 430 27 00 152 520 18 1285
2670 2580
Partially Damaged Homes
Fully Damaged Homes 3 2
Table No 02: Homes Damaged During Flood
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Population Density & Flood Preparedness
Figure No 02
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4.0 DATA ANALYZING

Spatial Distribution of Rainfall
Ambalanoya Himidurawa Sinawaththa Pannalgama
_ 31.7 17.7 7.6 30.4 5.0 _ 119..3 22.8 27.9 78.7 60.9 _ 2.5
Weeragoda
Bokkebada
Annamalai
Gonagolla
Namaloya
Pallanoya
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
13.9
3.8
7.6
8.1
17.7
3.0
8.8
22.8
17.2
5.0
21.0
5.0
33.0
45.7
27.9
48.2
50.0
82.5
40.6
78.0
27.6
29.2
10.0
17.7
21.5
6.3
7.6
11.4
7.6
36.8
40.1
22.8
24.1
41.9
30.4
9.1
7.0
19.3
15.2
3.8
19.8
29.7
36.8
13.9
10.1
12.7
16.5
22.8
33.0
26.4
17.0
23.6
44.1
10.1
11.4
11.4
15.2
10.1
8.8
14.4
7.6
8.0
8.1
10.1
5.0
16.0
7.6
3.8
21.5
34.2
10.0
16.5
12.7
228.0
124.4
116.8
200.6
124.4
254.0
185.4
254.0
251.4
122.0
193.0
190.0
139.7
9 10 11 12 13 14
21.5
27.9
27.9
47.7
53.3
44.4
24.8
41.1
50.8
20.3
20.0
22.8
12.7
7.6
63.5
54.6
55.8
48.2
74.9
62.2
33.0
55.1
46.0
40.6
33.0
27.9
236.2
165.1
124.4
144.7
200.6
143.5
201.0
88.9
214.1
65.0
53.0
231.0
78.7
66.0
62.2
64.7
27.9
30.4
83.8
68.5
60.9
67.0
66.0
83.8
40.6
6.3
10.1
7.6
7.6
21.3
6.3
22.8
5.0
10.1
3.8
Table No 03: Rain fall data from 1st of January in mm (1st Flood)
Ekgaloya
_ _ _ _
BlockJ
Damana
Ampara
Uhana
Date
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CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY Average Annual rain fall in Ampara District is 1250mm -1600 mm
800 728.7 700 629.7 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 583.6 546.3 492.3 545.6 514.3 415.7 379 322.3 499.6 404.5 577.3 757.3 656.9
Figure No 04: Total Rainfall 1st flood (mm)
By considering the daily rainfall data of January in 2011(1 st flood) Mean rainfall in the Ampara district (1st flood) = {728.7+546.3+492.3+545.6+583.6+757.3+577.3+514.3+629.7+415.7+379+499.6+ 656.9+322.3+404.5} mm 15 = 536.9 mm
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Ambalanoya
Himidurawa
Sinawaththa
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
68.5
93.9
55.8
25.4
45.7
49.5
40.6
39.3
30.0
22.8
27.9
12.7
3.8
16.5
49.5
38.1
7.6
17.7
30.4
73.6
27.9
35.0
80.0
53.3
10.1
53.3
30.4
28.0
20.3
26.6
12.7
25.4
24.1
25.4
20.0
12.7
33.0
7.6
28.0
36.8
49.5
54.6
49.5
20.3
25.4
50.8
20.3
27.9
45.7
38.1
44.4
53.3
27.9
22.9
33.0
17.7
17.7
30.4
8.8
27.4
38.1
10.0
31.7
5.0
8.8
8.8
3.8
4.5
8.8
5.0
11.4
15.2
30.0
30.4
10.1
6.3
6.5
25.4
29.2
17.7
29.2
20.3
24.8
10.1
3.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
217.4
167.6
187.9
111.7
114.3
330.2
204.4
203.0
160.0
168.9
142.2
71.1
119.9
104.1
128.2
114.3
119.3
114.3
203.2
102.8
200.6
114.3
187.9
138.4
134.6
177.0
97.7
33.0
30.4
58.4
66.0
53.3
44.4
45.7
17.7
30.4
32.0
30.4
15.2
5.0
5.0
52.0
34.2
46.7
54.6
53.3
65.0
50.2
76.2
76.2
19.0
39.3
40.6
11.4
6.3
9.6
15.2
11.4
5.0
3.8
5.8
6.0
13.9
2.5
30.4
32.7
33.0
35.0
33.0
38.8
39.3
35.0
43.1
31.7
29.0
30.4
38.1
11.4
25.4
11.1
8.8
10.1
15.2
5.5
5.0
15.2
17.7
28.7
21.0
53.3
11.4
30.4
Table No 05: Rain fall data from 25th of January in mm (2nd Flood)
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Pannalgama
_
Weeragoda
Bokkebada
Annamalai
Gonagolla
Namaloya
Pallanoya
Ekgaloya
BlockJ
Damana
Ampara
Uhana
Date

1800 1622 1600 1395 1241 1200 1114 1075 1098 1132 959 847 800 784 700 1251 1191 1144
1400
1000
922
600
400
200
Figure No 04: Total Rainfall 2nd flood (mm)
By considering the daily rainfall data of January and February in 2011(2nd flood) Mean rainfall in the Ampara district (2 nd flood) (1395+1241+1114+1075+1098+1622+1132+784+1191 +922+959+1144+1251+700+847) mm = 15 = 1098.3 mm
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Figure No 05: Flood damage map
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5.0 CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of flooding seems to be most frequent in the latter years, with the most flooding occurring in the year 2011 in Ampara District. Further, the floods in Sri Lanka are most likely to occur in the months of May in the first cycle and in December in the second cycle. With respect to spatial distribution floods are most frequent in the divisions of Ampara. People have become increasingly affected by floods with the highest number recorded in 1984.. However, the occurrence of deaths due to floods is quite high except for the latter years where it reached nearly 24 persons. Destruction and damage to houses and buildings also appear to follow a similar pattern with most damage occurring in the division of Thirickovil and Adalachchinei. Damage to paddy has taken place mostly in the earlier years with the highest impact recorded in 1984, while spatially the highest damage has incurred in the districts of Ampara. In some instances with respect to DS divisions, some impacts have been reflected as low (Table No02).
REFERENCES
http://www.rdiampara.weebly.com/ampara-division.html
http://www.dmc.gov.lk
http://www.meteo.gov.lk
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ANNEXES 6.1.1 Spilling Tanks during flood period
Aligalge Tank
Konduwattuwana Tank
Alahena Tank
Weeragoda Tank
Ekgaloya Tank
Pannalgamuwa Tank
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Senanayaka Tank
Nawagiri Tank
6.1.2 Flood Damages Areas
Ampara Town
Ampara municipal building
Gemunupura Area
Rajawewa Tank
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Flood Damage in Ampara District

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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRNMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF RUHUNA

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

REG No : RU/E/2008/014 DATE : 13/06/2011

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

2.0 INTRODUCTION TO THE GAL OYA BASIN

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

3.0 FLOOD DAMAGES

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

Partially Damaged Homes

Fully Damaged Homes 3 2

Table No 02: Homes Damaged During Flood

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

Population Density & Flood Preparedness

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

4.0 DATA ANALYZING

Figure No 04: Total Rainfall 1st flood (mm)

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

Figure No 04: Total Rainfall 2nd flood (mm)

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

Figure No 05: Flood damage map

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

ANNEXES 6.1.1 Spilling Tanks during flood period

CE6322: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

6.1.2 Flood Damages Areas

Ampara municipal building

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