AGAIN

gnaw (v)
~ (away) (at / on sth) to keep biting sth or chewing it hard, so that it gradually
disappears
gặm
The dog was gnawing a bone

crawl, creep, scramble

dabble (v)
~ sth (in sth) to move your hands, feet, etc. around in water:
lội (trong nước)
She dabbled her toes in the stream

swaddle (v)
bọc bằng tả, quấn bằng tả
…the murder of their swaddling baby Azaria

stow (v)
~ sth (away) (in sth) to put sth in a safe place:
xếp gọn ghẽ (hàng hóa…)
Another drawback is that you have to stow all of your belongings in the overhead
compartment
She found a seat, stowed her backpack and sat down.
His passport was stowed away in the desk

dredge (v)
nạo vét sông, biển
…the nature of toxic sediments that could be stirred up by dredging

splurge (v) (n)

sự phô trương rầm rộ
That this conclusion has been reached in the face of a $55 million taxpayer-funded
propaganda splurge aimed at reassuring voters…

ditch (v)
(informal) to get rid of sth/sb because you no longer want or need it/them
By ditching the Likud brand, Sharon is freeing himself of the rivals…

spurn (v)
(written) to reject or refuse sb/sth, especially in a proud way
The exception was The Sunday Age, which carried a shrewd warning by its then Asia
editor Mark Baker: "Singapore has routinely spurned protests by foreign governments
over the use of capital punishment."

sulk (v)
hờn dỗi
She’d stopped sulking, now she looked, more, stare and puzzled
muffle (v)
~ sb/sth (up) (in sth) to wrap or cover sb/sth in order to keep them/it warm
bọc, ủ, quấn

fleck (n) (v)

vết lốm đốm, làm lốm đốm
The fabric was red, flecked with gold.
His hair was flecked with paint.
Mud and rain flecked the car windows.
The shore was littered with paper flecks from fireworks that had been exploded on the
sand, and waves crashed against the beach with a mad roar.

snag (v)
(AmE, informal) to succeed in getting sth quickly, often before other people:
I snagged a ride from Joe.
ream (n)
(informal) a large quantity of writing:
She wrote reams in the exam.
Today Google’s users can do more than snag reams of data.

deportment (n)
thái độ, cách cư xử

subsistence (n)
the state of having just enough money or food to stay alive:
Although China has mostly shed Chairman Mao’s class-busting ideology and cities
like Shanghai boast skyscrapers and bustling shopping malls, the deportment of some
citizens evokes an era of subsistence

clutch (v)
to hold sb/sth tightly:
bám chặt, nắm chặt, giữ chặt
pillowslip (n)
a fabric cover for a PILLOW, that can be removed
A young woman finds a man crouching one night beside the refrigerator in her
kitchen. He is clutching a knife and carrying a pillowslip mask with two holes cut into
it for eyes

snatch (v)
to take sth quickly and often rudely or roughly:
túm lấy, vồ lấy
She managed to snatch the gun from his hand.
". Seeing indifference on the customer’s face, another man in the shop jumped out to
snatch his motorbike key and pulled him into the shop, saying, “Please pick any girl
you like.”

grasp (v)
If you grasp something, you take it in your hand and hold it very firmly.
He grasped both my hands...
She was trying to grasp at something.
clench (v)
when you clench your hands, teeth, etc., or when they clench, you press or squeeze
them together tightly, usually showing that you are angry, determined or upset:
siết
With hands clenched in solidarity, Australian tsunami survivors and families of
victims wept as they faced the sea which swept away loved ones

sumptuous (a)
xa hoa, xa xỉ
Guests were entertained by Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli while munching on Italian
hors d'oeuvres and a sumptuous banquet.

flap (n)
flat piece of paper, etc.
The tail had snapped and hung from the fuselage like a flap of loose skin.

gully (n)
a small, narrow channel, usually formed by a stream or by rain
We'll need to scramble up a rocky gully, do a bit of basic rock climbing, ... After
climbing a small rock to reach the top of the gully, we descend into

gulch (n)
(especially AmE) a narrow valley with steep sides, that was formed by a fast stream
flowing through it
khe sâu

slam (v)
(used especially in newspapers) to criticize sb/sth very strongly:
The government has been slammed for failing to take firm action against drinking and
driving.
Rape crisis counsellors and alcohol experts slammed the bikini party, revealed in
yesterday's Herald Sun, claiming that it reduced women to sexual objects and exposed
them to the risk of extreme intoxication and sexual assault.
VICTORIAN doctors have slammed the Nurse-on-Call health hotline after a baby
died after being given inaccurate advice

censure (v)
~ sb (for sth) (formal) to criticize sb severely, and often publicly, because of sth they
have done:
He was censured by the council for leaking information to the press.

blast (v)
(informal) to criticize sb/sth severely:
She also blasted Mrs Howard for holding hands with her husband in public.

ingenuous (a) #
(formal, sometimes disapproving) honest, innocent and willing to trust people
SYN NAIVE:
chân thật, ngây thơ
It is ingenuous to suppose that money did not play a part in his decision.
 disingenuous (a)
không thành thực, không trung thực
Any profession of surprise from scientists about recent events in Korea seems
disingenuous

congenial (a) = suitable (a)

~ (to sth) (formal) suitable for sth:
a situation that was congenial to the expression of nationalist opinions
the recent cases …have left me in such a position that I could continue to live in the
quiet fashion which is most congenial to me, and to concentrate my attention upon my
chemical researches

ingenious (a)
(of a person) having a lot of clever new ideas and good at inventing things:
khéo léo, tài tình, mưu trí
an ingenious cook
She's very ingenious when it comes to finding excuses.

MULTI
stroll (v)
to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way
People were strolling along the beach

ramble (v)
(BrE) to walk for pleasure, especially in the countryside:
We spent the summer rambling in Ireland.

amble (v)
to walk at a slow relaxed speed:
đi nhẹ nhàng, thong thả, đi tà tà
We ambled down to the beach.
They ambled along for miles.
Mark ambled over to the girls.

potter (v)
to do things or move without hurrying, especially when you are doing sth that you
enjoy and that is not important:
đi lang thang, đi vơ vẩn, la cà đà đẫn
I spent the day pottering around the house.
He'd planned a day of pottering in the garden

hike (v)
to go for a long walk in the country, especially for pleasure:
[V] strong boots for hiking over rough country

outing (n)
~ (to...) a trip that you go on for pleasure or education, usually with a group of people
and lasting no more than one day:
cuộc đi chơi; cuộc đi nghỉ hè (xa nhà)
đi dã ngoại
We went on an outing to London. * a family outing

rove (v)  (a)

(written) to travel from one place to another, often with no particular purpose:
lang thang
[V, +adv./prep.] A quarter of a million refugees roved around the country.
[VN] bands of thieves who roved the countryside
roving (a)

roam (v)
If you roam an area or roam around it, you wander or travel around it without
having a particular purpose.
đi lang thang
Barefoot children roamed the streets...
They're roaming around the country shooting at anything that moves...

whimper (v)
to make low, weak crying noises; to speak in this way:
khóc thút thít
The child was lost and began to whimper.
'Don't leave me alone,' he whimpered.
wail (v) (n)
than khóc
If someone wails, they make long, loud, high-pitched cries which express sorrow or
pain.
The women began to wail in mourning.
...a mother wailing for her lost child.
Wails of grief were heard as visitors filed past the site of the disaster.

weep (v)
khóc
If someone weeps, they cry. (LITERARY)
The little girl was wailing miserably.
women wailing and weeping

rile (v)
to annoy sb or make them angry:
trọc tức, trêu chọc
Nothing ever seemed to rile him

taunt (v)
~ sb (with sth)
to try to make sb angry or upset by saying unkind things about them, laughing at their
failures, etc:
The other kids continually taunted him about his size
They allege the men taunt the lifesavers by stealing equipment and kicking balls at
them

dog (v)
to follow sb closely:
She had the impression that someone was dogging her steps

stalk (v)
to move slowly and quietly towards an animal or a person, in order to kill, catch or
harm it or them
lén theo, đuổi theo (thú săn, kẻ địch…)
The hunter stalks his prey in a postwar chart reconstructing the attack

plummet (v)
to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position
SYN PLUNGE

slump (v) (n)

hạ nhanh, sụt thình lình.
Net profits slumped by 41%...
Government popularity in Scotland has slumped to its lowest level since the 1970s.

lush (a)
tươi tốt, sum sê
greenery (n)
attractive green leaves and plants:
As it became dark, the enemy quit shooting and melted into the greenery of lush
jungle.

exuberant (a)
(of plants, etc.) strong and healthy; growing quickly and well:
sum suê, um tùm
the exuberant growth of high summer

luxuriant (a)
(of plants or hair) growing thickly and strongly in a way that is attractive:
sum suê, um tùm
luxuriant vegetation / foliage * thick, luxuriant hair

hurl (v)
ném mạnh
Then, with a gesture of desperation, he tore the mask from his face and hurled it upon
the ground

fling (v)  pp
(flung, flung)
to throw sb/sth somewhere with force, especially because you are angry:
Someone had flung a brick through the window
Police said that Maradona was released after agreeing to pay for damage caused when
he flung objects around the VIP room

cast (v)
(literary) to throw sb/sth somewhere, especially using force:
The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile.
They cast anchor at nightfall.
Mr Giardina helped Australian ambassador to Thailand Bill Patterson cast a white
floral wreath into the sea after a minute's silence among around 80 victims and
supporters before an Australian flag
 (n)
an act of throwing sth, especially a fishing line

dash (v)
throw / beat
2 [+adv./prep.] to throw sth or make sth fall violently onto a hard surface; to beat
against a surface:
The boat was dashed repeatedly against the rocks.
The waves were dashing against the harbour wall.

gully (n)
a small, narrow channel, usually formed by a stream or by rain
We'll need to scramble up a rocky gully, do a bit of basic rock climbing, ... After
climbing a small rock to reach the top of the gully, we descend into

gulch (n)
(especially AmE) a narrow valley with steep sides, that was formed by a fast stream
flowing through it
khe sâu

Repeal (v)
if a government or other group or person with authority repeals a law, that law is no
longer valid:
hủy bỏ, bãi bỏ.
The committee does not have the power to repeal the ban

abrogate (v)
(technical) to officially end a law, an agreement, etc:
The rule has been abrogated by mutual consent

rescind (v)
(formal) to officially state that a law, contract, decision, etc. is no longer valid
hủy bỏ, thủ tiêu (luật, hợp đồng)
rút hợp đồng
One can only hope that Mr Lee will learn more about the spirit of this phrase and will
use it to rescind the mandatory death penalty

rude (a)
khiếm nhã (cố ý)
He's rude to her friends and obsessively jealous...
≠ polite

crude (a)
thô tục
If you describe someone as crude, you disapprove of them because they speak or
behave in a rude, offensive, or unsophisticated way.
Nev! Must you be quite so crude?
...crude language.
= coarse

cruel (a)
độc ác, dữ tợn, hung hăng
Don't you think it's cruel to cage a creature up?

unkind (a)
ác

rummage (v)
to move things around carelessly while searching for sth:
lục lọi lung tung, bừa bãi
She was rummaging around in her bag for her keys. * I rummaged through the
contents of the box until I found the book I wanted.
"The tools are out there" for hackers and thieves to rummage through deleted data on
used phones

jumble (v)
~ sth (together / up) to mix things together in a confused or untidy way:
làm lộn xộn, làm lẫn lộn lung tung
Books, shoes and clothes were jumbled together on the floor.
We have to go on unravelling the jumbled threads one at a time, without losing hope.

burrow (v)
to search for sth under or among things:
đào bới
She burrowed in the drawer for a pair of socks. * He was afraid that they would
burrow into his past.
Midori burrowed under the covers and groped me all over down there, stretching the
skin of my penis, weighing my testicles in the palm of her hand…

ransack (v)
~ sth (for sth) to search a place, making it untidy and causing damage, usually
because you are looking for sth:
lục soát, lục lọi
The house had been ransacked by burglars.
"If it's robbery, the place certainly wasn't ransacked."

bliss (n)
extreme happiness; joy:

cinch (n)
something that is very easy:
The first question is a cinch.
Getting pregnant was a cinch, the ensuing nine months were trouble-free and the five-
hour labour would have been the envy of any woman 20 years younger.

piece of cake (n)

breeze (n)
(informal) a thing that is easy to do:
It was a breeze.
Going down the hill would be a breeze after the long climb up!

be a snap
(AmE, informal) to be very easy to do:
This job's a snap.

child’s play
[usuallysing.] (informal) a thing that is very easy to do or cheap to buy:
Their second goal was an absolute gift.
At £500 it's a gift.

doddle (n)
(BrE, informal) a task or an activity that is very easy:
The first year of the course was an absolute doddle. * The machine is a doddle to set
up and use.

relish (v) (n)

to get great pleasure from sth; to want very much to do or have sth:
"It may be this person gets a real charge out of playing God but doesn't necessarily
relish hearing the screams of his victims,"

delight in sth / doing sth

to enjoy doing sth very much, especially sth that makes other people feel
embarrassed, uncomfortable, etc.

take pleasure in

savor (v)
to enjoy a feeling or an experience thoroughly
SYN RELISH:
I wanted to savour every moment.
He sat for a few moments, savouring the memory to the full.

quell (v)
to stop sth such as violent behaviour or protests:
đàn áp, dập tắt, chế ngự
Extra police were called in to quell the disturbances.

affinity (n)
a close relationship between two people or things that have similar qualities,
structures or features:
mối quan hệ, sự giống nhau về cấu trúc (giữa các loài vật, cây cỏ, ngôn ngữ)
sự giống nhau về tính tình
There is a close affinity between Italian and Spanish.

akin to (a)
(formal) similar to:
What he felt was more akin to pity than love.

analogy (n)
The teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and a pump.

correspond to (v)
tương ứng, phù hợp; đúng với
The written record of the conversation doesn't correspond to (= is different from) what
was actually said.

equate (v)
~ sth (with sth) to think that sth is the same as sth else or is as important:
coi ngang, đặt ngang hàng
Some parents equate education with exam success.
I don't see how you can equate the two things.

in line with sth

similar to sth or so that one thing is closely connected with another:
Annual pay increases will be in line with inflation.

accede (v)
to agree to a request, proposal, etc:
đồng ý, tán thành, thừa nhận, bằng lòng
[V] He acceded to demands for his resignation. Japan had little choice but to accede.

acquiesce (v)
~ (in sth) (formal) to accept sth without arguing, even if you do not really agree with
it:
Senior government figures must have acquiesced in the cover-up.
She explained her plan and reluctantly he acquiesced.

assent (v)
(formal) to agree to a request, an idea or a suggestion:
[V] Nobody would assent to the terms they proposed.

authorise (v)
to give official permission for sth, or for sb to do sth:
[VN] I can authorize payments up to £5000.
an authorized biography

condone (v)
to accept behaviour that is morally wrong or to treat it as if it were not serious:
tha, tha thứ, bỏ qua (lỗi; tội ngoại tình)
Terrorism can never be condoned.
The college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs.

countenance (v)
(formal) to support sth or agree to sth happening:
ưng thuận, cho phép
The committee refused to countenance his proposals.

endorse (v)
to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action:
xác nhận; tán thành
I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks.
Members of all parties endorsed a ban on land mines.

accord (n)
a formal agreement between two organizations, countries, etc:
sự đồng tình
hiệp định
The two sides signed a peace accord last July
consent (n)
~ (to sth) permission to do sth, especially given by sb in authority:
Children under 16 cannot give consent to medical treatment.
The written consent of a parent is required.
to refuse / withhold your consent

bar (v)

clamp down (v)

clamp down (on sb/sth) to take strict action in order to prevent sth, especially crime:
a campaign by police to clamp down on street crime
The US government is clamping down on drugs.
related noun CLAMPDOWN

outlaw (v)
to make sth no longer legal:
plans to outlaw the carrying of knives
the outlawed nationalist party

veto (v)
phủ quyết, bác bỏ
nghiêm cấm
Plans for the dam have been vetoed by the Environmental Protection Agency

Fairly small difficulties: a snag, a hitch, a setback, a glitch

There is just one small snag-where is the money coming from?

Let me know if you run into any snags.

without a hitch.
a legal / last-minute / technical hitch

The team suffered a major setback when their best player was injured.
The breakdown in talks represents a temporary setback in the peace process.

glitch (n)
(informal) a small problem or fault that stops sth working successfully:
A few technical glitches forced us to postpone the demonstration.

stumbling block (n)

~ (to sth) | ~ (to doing sth) something that causes problems and prevents you from
achieving your aim
A remaining stumbling block to digital projectors reaching local cinemas is the debate
over whether film studios or theatre owners will foot the bill for the extremely costly
digital projection gear.

pitfall (n)
a danger or difficulty, especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first:
(nghĩa bóng) cạm bẫy
the potential pitfalls of buying a house
Getting professional advice will help you avoid the most obvious pitfalls.

obstacle (n)

impediment (n)

dilemma (n)

ordeal (n)

More formal words meaning difficulty:

adversity, hardship, affliction, tribulation

adversity (n)
(formal) a difficult or unpleasant situation:
courage in the face of adversity
He overcame many personal adversities.

affliction (n)
(formal) pain and suffering or sth that causes it

tribulation (n)
(literary or humorous) great trouble or suffering:
the tribulations of modern life

hassle (n)
a situation that is annoying because it involves doing sth difficult or complicated that
needs a lot of effort:
It's a hassle having to travel with so many bags. Send them a fax-it's a lot less hassle
than phoning. legal hassles

rigour (n)
(the rigours of sth) [pl.] the difficulties and unpleasant conditions of sth:
Even so, Bohan does not recommend attempting the rigours of childbirth after 40.

paltry (a)
nhỏ mọn; đáng khinh, ti tiện
1 (of an amount) too small to be considered as important or useful:
This account offers a paltry 1% return on your investment.
a paltry sum
2 having no value or useful qualities:
a paltry excuse / gesture

derision (n)
sự nhạo báng, sự chế giễu, sự chế nhạo
It’s not pleasant to be an object of derision on three continents
Her speech was greeted with howls of derision.
He became an object of universal derision.
sparing (a)
~ (with sth) careful to use or give only a little of sth:
1/ dè xẻn, tiết kiệm
Doctors now advise only sparing use of such creams.
He was always sparing with his praise.
heinous (a)
cực kì tàn ác, ghê tởm
gallows (n)
giá treo cổ
Singapore says it uses the gallows ‘sparingly and only for the most heinous crimes’.

despise (v)
(not used in the progressive tenses) to dislike and have no respect for sb/sth
xem thường, coi khinh, khinh miệt
She despised gossip in any form.
He despised himself for being so cowardly

disdain (n) = contempt (n)

arrogance (n) =
conceit (n)

mock (v)
(formal) to show no respect for sth
chế nhạo, nhạo báng
A young Australian has died a pointless, brutal death that mocks universal principles
of justice, writes Mark Baker.

collective (a)
chung
done or shared by all members of a group of people; involving a whole group or
society:
There was a collective sigh of relief in many of Melbourne's major arts organisations
yesterday following the news that the Melbourne international arts festival board…

aspire (v)  aspiring (a)

~ (to sth) to have a strong desire to achieve or to become sth:
She aspired to a scientific career.
He aspired to be their next leader

A citizenship test based on a list of 200 potential multiple-choice questions is likely to

do less for civic education of migrants than it does to encourage a flourishing cottage
industry in cramming schools for aspiring Australian citizens.

blitz (n)
something which is done with a lot of energy:
an advertising / a media blitz (= a lot of information about sth on television, in
newspapers, etc.)
Tinge (n)
a small amount of a colour, feeling or quality
smack (n)
a small fishing boat
hull (n)
the main, bottom part of a ship, that goes in the water
fetch (v)
to go to where sb/sth is and bring them/it back
I'll go and fetch my master, who won't be much pleased, however, to be disturbed
Clash (v)
~ (with sth) (of colours, patterns or styles) to look ugly when put together
The wallpaper clashes with the carpet
Brood (v)
~ (over / on / about sth) to think a lot about sth that makes you annoyed, anxious or
upset
You're not still brooding over what he said, are you
Beam (v)
~ (sth) (at sb) to have a big happy smile on your face
She was positively beaming with pleasure
He beamed at the journalists
Sire (v)
(old-fashioned or humorous) to become the father of a child
Competition between males to sire offspring results in the rapid evolution of animal
genitalia — both male and female, since they tend to co-evolve
Spate (n)
~ of sth a large number of things, which are usually unpleasant, that happen suddenly
within a short period of time:
The bombing was the latest in a spate of terrorist attacks
Nag (v)
to keep complaining to sb about their behaviour or keep asking them to do sth
She had been nagging him to paint the fence.
Rear (v)
to breed or keep animals or birds, for example on a farm:
to rear poultry / cattle
The elephant, which its owner had reared, not for a beast of burden, but for warlike
purposes, was half domesticated
Quench (v)
~ your thirst to drink so that you no longer feel thirsty
SYN SLAKE
After two hours the guide stopped the elephant, and gave him an hour for rest, during
which Kiouni, after quenching his thirst at a neighbouring spring, set to devouring the
branches and shrubs round about him

//
grasp (v)
to understand sth completely
nắm được, hiểu thấu (vấn đề…)
When the Prime Minister supports the death penalty for Saddam Hussein he once
again fails to grasp the nation’s moral compass
gasp (v) (n)
thở hổn hển

scoff (v)
~ (at sb/sth) to talk about sb/sth in a way that makes it clear that you think they are
stupid or ridiculous:
chế giễu, đùa cợt
He scoffed at our amateurish attempts.
Don't scoff-she's absolutely right.
He was full of speculation that night about the condition of Mars, and scoffed at the
vulgar idea of its having inhabitants who were signalling us
curd (n)
a thick soft substance that is formed when milk turns sour
sữa đông
As late as 1662, philosopher Henry More scoffed that the brain showed ‘no more
capacity for thought than a cake of suet or a bowl of curds.’

scuff (v)
~ sth (on sth) to make a mark on the smooth surface of sth when you rub it against sth
rough:
cài, làm trầy
I scuffed the heel of my shoe on the stonework.

silt (n)
sand, mud, etc. that is carried by flowing water and is left at the mouth of a river or in
a harbour
bùn, phù sa

silk (n)
tơ lụa

strip (n)
A strip of something such as paper, cloth, or food is a long, narrow piece of it.
Serve dish with strips of fresh raw vegetables.

strip (v)
If you strip, you take off your clothes.
Women residents stripped naked in protest.

trip (v)
~ (over / up) | ~ (over / on sth) to catch your foot on sth and fall or almost fall:
vấp ngã
She tripped and fell. * Someone will trip over that cable. * Be careful you don't trip
up on the step. * (figurative) I was tripping over my words in my excitement to tell
them the news.

implement (v)
thi hành
If you implement something such as a plan, you ensure that what has been planned is
done.
The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan
institutions...
= carry out

implicate (v) = incriminate (v)

buộc tội, đỗ tội
He claimed that the drugs had been planted to incriminate him...
They are afraid of incriminating themselves and say no more than is necessary.
He was obliged to resign when one of his own aides was implicated in a financial
scandal...

-EE
attendee = attender (n)

franchisee (n)
someone who is given or sold a franchise
A franchisee is a person or group of people who buy a particular franchise.
(BUSINESS)

payee (n)
The payee of a cheque or similar document is the person who should receive the
money. (FORMAL)

divorcee (n)
A divorcee is a person, especially a woman, who is divorced.

detainee (n)
A detainee is someone who is held prisoner by a government because of his or her
political views or activities.

nominee (n)
A nominee is someone who is nominated for a job, position, or award.
I was delighted to be a nominee and to receive such a prestigious award in
recognition of our company's achievements.
LAW
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder
writ (n)
trát, lệnh, giấy đòi
A writ is a legal document that orders a person to do a particular
thing.
He issued a writ against one of his accusers.

corroborate (v)
làm chứng, chứng thực về một lý lẽ / ý kiến của ai đó
to indicate something that another person said is true
ex. A witness to the robbery corroborated the victim's description of what happened.

proceedings (n)
việc kiện tụng
Legal proceedings are legal action taken against someone.
(FORMAL)
...criminal proceedings against the former prime minister...
The Council had brought proceedings to stop the store from
trading on Sundays.

court (n)
tòa án

trial (n)
phiên tòa, việc xét xử, sự xử án
A trial is a formal meeting in a law court, at which a judge and jury listen to evidence
and decide whether a person is guilty of a crime.

tribunal
(industrial tribunal)
tòa án
A tribunal is a special court or committee that is appointed to deal with particular
problems.
His case comes before an industrial tribunal in March.

supreme court (n)

toà tối cao

Court of Appeal (n)

tòa thượng thẩm
A Court of Appeal is a court which deals with appeals against legal judgments.
The case is being referred to the Court of Appeal.

court-matial (n)
toà án binh
magistrate (n)
quan tòa
A magistrate is an official who acts as a judge in law courts which deal with minor
crimes or disputes.

counsel (n)
luật sư
Someone's counsel is the lawyer who gives them advice on a legal case and speaks on
their behalf in court.
Singleton's counsel said after the trial that he would appeal...

attorney (n)
luật sư
In the United States, an attorney or attorney at law is a lawyer.

solicitor (n)
In Britain, a solicitor is a lawyer who gives legal advice, prepares legal documents
and cases, and represents clients in the lower courts of law. Compare barrister.

barrister (n)
In England and Wales, a barrister is a lawyer who represents clients in the higher
courts of law. Compare solicitor.

prosecutor (n)
công tố viên
In some countries, a prosecutor is a lawyer or official who brings charges against
someone or tries to prove in a trial that they are guilty.

plaintiff (n)
(pháp lý) nguyên đơn, người đứng kiện
A plaintiff is a person who brings a legal case against someone in a court of law.

defendant (n)
bị cáo

witness (n)
nhân chứng

appeal (v) (n)

chống án

alibi (n)
bằng chứng ngoại phạm

mitigating factor (n)

tình tiết giảm nhẹ
Mitigating circumstances or factors make a bad action, especially a crime, easier to
understand and excuse, and may result in the person responsible being punished less
severely. (LEGAL or FORMAL)
 The judge found that in her case there were mitigating circumstances...
There are various mitigating factors.

perpetrator (n), culprit (n)

thủ phạm

accomplice (n), accessory (n)

đồng phạm
She was charged with being an accessory to the embezzlement of funds.
= accomplice

deliberation (n)
cố ý, có chủ tâm
 # hasty (a)

homicide (n)
sát nhân
Homicide is the illegal killing of a person. (mainly AM; in BRIT, usually use
murder)
The police arrived at the scene of the homicide.

genocide (n)
tội diệt chủng

infanticide (n)
tội giết trẻ con
Infanticide is the crime of killing a young child.

assassination (n)
ám sát

murder (n)
cố sát
Murder is the deliberate and illegal killing of a person.

manslaughter (n)
ngộ sát

assault (n)
hành hung

battery (n)
hành hung, bạo hành
Assault and battery is the crime of attacking someone and causing them physical
harm. (LEGAL)

extortion (n)
cưỡng đoạt (tiền…)
Extortion is the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by
using force or threats.
 He has been charged with extortion and abusing his powers.

robbery (n)
cướp
Robbery is the crime of stealing money or property from a bank, shop, or vehicle,
often by using force or threats.
The gang members committed dozens of armed robberies...

armed robbery (n)

cướp có vũ khí

theft (n)
ăn cắp
Theft is the crime of stealing.
Art theft is now part of organised crime.
 thief (n)  thieves (n, pl)

larceny (n)
Larceny is the crime of stealing. (LEGAL)
Haggerman now faces two to 20 years in prison on grand larceny charges.
= theft

burglary (n)
trộm

harassment (n)
sư quấy rối
Harassment is behaviour which is intended to trouble or annoy someone, for
example repeated attacks on them or attempts to cause them problems.
The party has accused the police of harassment.

kidnapping (n)
bắt cóc

hostage taker (n)

kẻ bắt cóc con tin
If someone is taken hostage or is held hostage, they are captured and kept as a
hostage.
He was taken hostage while on his first foreign assignment as a television
journalist.

arson (n)
cố ý gây hoả hoạn
Arson is the crime of deliberately setting fire to a building or vehicle.
...a terrible wave of rioting, theft and arson...

blackmail (n)
hăm dọa để tống tiền
Blackmail is the action of threatening to reveal a secret about someone, unless they
do something you tell them to do, such as giving you money.
 It looks like the pictures were being used for blackmail...

deception (n), deceit (n)

lừa đảo
 deceive (v)

embezzlement (n)
biển thủ, tham ô
If someone embezzles money that their organization or company has placed in their
care, they take it and use it illegally for their own purposes.
One former director embezzled $34 million in company funds.

bribery (n)
hối lộ
bribe (n) (v)

fraud (n)
gian lận, lừa gạt
Fraud is the crime of gaining money or financial benefits by a trick or by lying.
He was jailed for two years for fraud and deception...
Tax frauds are dealt with by the Inland Revenue.

vandalism (n)
phá hoại
Vandalism is the deliberate damaging of things, especially public property.
...acts of vandalism.

tax evasion (n)

trốn thuế

espionage (n)
hoạt động tình báo, gián điệp
Espionage is the activity of finding out the political, military, or industrial secrets of
your enemies or rivals by using spies. (FORMAL)
The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.
...industrial espionage.

treason (n)
tội phản quốc
Treason is the crime of betraying your country, for example by helping its enemies or
by trying to remove its government using violence.

obstruction (n)
cản trở
Obstruction is the act of deliberately delaying something or preventing something
from happening, usually in business, law, or government.
Mr Guest refused to let them in and now faces a criminal charge of obstruction.

perjury (n)
tội khai man
If someone who is giving evidence in a court of law commits perjury, they lie.
(LEGAL)
This witness has committed perjury and no reliance can be placed on her evidence.

incitement (n)
khích động, xúi giục
If someone is accused of incitement to violent or illegal behaviour, they are accused
of encouraging people to behave in that way.
British law forbids incitement to murder...

testify (v)
chứng thực, chứng nhận, xác nhận
~ (against / for sb) | ~ (to / about sth) to make a statement that sth happened or that sth
is true, especially as a WITNESS in a court of law
Several eyewitnesses testified that they saw the officers hit Miller in the face...

account (n)
bản tường trình
a written or spoken description of sth that has happened
He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fateful night...
= report

forensics (n)
khoa học hành sự

coroner (n)
(pháp lý) nhân viên điều tra những vụ chết bất thường (tai nạn)
an official whose job is to discover the cause of any sudden, violent or suspicious
death by holding an INQUEST

inquest (n)
cuộc điều tra chính thức
When an inquest is held, a public official hears evidence about someone's death in
order to find out the cause.
The inquest into their deaths opened yesterday in Enniskillen.

adjourn (v)
If a meeting or trial is adjourned or if it adjourns, it is stopped for a short time.
The proceedings have now been adjourned until next week...

interrogate (v)
thẩm vấn, chất vấn
If someone, especially a police officer, interrogates someone, they question them
thoroughly for a long time in order to get some information from them.
I interrogated everyone even slightly involved.
= question

accuse of
Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police...
charge with
Melbourne man charged with having sex slaves.

convict somebody (of something)

In 1977 he was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment...

convict (n)
người bị kết án tù, người tù
A convict is someone who is in prison. (JOURNALISM)
= prisoner

incriminate (v) = implicate (v)

buộc tội, đỗ tội
He claimed that the drugs had been planted to incriminate him...
They are afraid of incriminating themselves and say no more than is necessary.
He was obliged to resign when one of his own aides was implicated in a financial
scandal...

overrule (v)
(pháp lý) bác bỏ, bãi bỏ, gạt bỏ
If someone in authority overrules a person or their decision, they officially decide
that the decision is incorrect or not valid.
In 1991, the Court of Appeal overruled this decision...
I told them it was a lousy idea, but I was overruled.
= override

draconian (a)
(formal) (of a law, punishment, etc.) extremely harsh and severe:
khắc nghiệt, tàn bạo
a call for draconian measures against drug-related crime
Without significant rain this summer, Melbourne is on track to hit the 29.3 per cent
trigger for draconian stage four limits, which ban watering gardens altogether.

curfew (n)
lệnh giới nghiêm, sự giới nghiêm
These would allow local authorities to extend curfews by a further three months,
despite a continuing sharp fall in arson and other attacks

statutory (a)
fixed by law; that must be done by law
(thuộc) luật, do luật pháp qui định, theo đúng luật
Trish has a written employment contract with her employer. Work Choices will likely
only affect her in respect of the minimum statutory entitlements to be included in the
new legislation, such as annual leave.

constitutional, legislative, legal

contravene (v)  (n)

(written) to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule:
vi phạm, làm trái luật
The company was found guilty of contravening safety regulations.
contravention (n)
Overcrowding on Melbourne's trains has worsened dramatically, resulting in
contraventions of load limits and raising questions about how the State Government
can achieve its goal of increasing public transport use.

warrant (n)
~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) a legal document that is signed by a judge and gives the
police authority to do sth:
lệnh, trát
They issued a warrant for her arrest.

reprieve (v)
to officially cancel or delay a punishment for a prisoner who is CONDEMNED to
death:
a reprieved murderer

amend (v)
to change a law, document, statement, etc. slightly in order to correct a mistake or to
improve it
Mr Hulls said the federal government, despite agreeing to a national approach to
restrict access to and control of the transport and storage of ammonium nitrate, had
refused to amend its own legislation in relation to transporting the potentially
dangerous substance
The law has been amended to read as follows…
Amendment (n)
Parliament passed the bill without further amendment
bill (n)
dự luật
In government, a bill is a formal statement of a proposed new law that is discussed
and then voted on.
This is the toughest crime bill that Congress has passed in a decade...
The bill was approved by a large majority.
Repeal (v)
if a government or other group or person with authority repeals a law, that law is no
longer valid:
hủy bỏ, bãi bỏ.
The committee does not have the power to repeal the ban
Senate (n)
One of the two groups of elected politicians who make laws in some countries, for
example in the US, France and Australia. The Senate is smaller than the other group
but higher in rank
(thượng viện)
veto (n) (v)
phủ quyết, quyền phủ quyết
premeditated (a)
(of a crime or bad action) planned in advance
a premeditated attack
The killing had not been premeditated.
OPP UNPREMEDITATED
cordon (n)
a line or ring of police officers, soldiers, etc. guarding sth or stopping people from
entering or leaving a place
hàng rào của cảnh sát
We stopped short of instituting the death penalty, but welcomed the death penalties
being legislated across Asia. They were seen as advance defence: a cordon protecting
this country from the heroin flood.

reprieve (n) (v)

(pháp lý) sự hoãn thi hành một bản án tử hình
to officially cancel or delay a punishment for a prisoner who is CONDEMNED to
death:
a reprieved murderer

abrogate (v)
(technical) to officially end a law, an agreement, etc:
The rule has been abrogated by mutual consent.

flout (v)
to show that you have no respect for a law, etc. by openly not obeying it
SYN DEFY:
coi thường
Motorists regularly flout the law. * to flout authority / convention
trickle (n)
a small amount of liquid, flowing slowly:
There was a trickle of blood at the corner of his mouth.
As of January 1, anyone caught flouting stage 3 water restrictions repeatedly will be
left with just a trickle of water — not even enough for a shower

warden (n)
a person who is responsible for taking care of a particular place and making sure that
the rules are obeyed:
prison warden: cai tù
a wildlife / forest warden * (BrE) the warden of a youth hostel
Prison warden Endang Purnomowati said prisoners were expected to be asleep by
9pm.

jurisprudence (n)
(technical) the scientific study of law:
khoa luật pháp, luật học
a professor of jurisprudence
Robb is a legend in American jurisprudence, chairman of the aviation section of the
Association of Trial Lawyers of America

constabulary (n)
(in Britain) the police force of a particular area or town
sở cảnh sát
indictment (n)
bản cáo trạng
the attorney general on Tuesday revealed that Katsav faces indictment on charges of
rape, obstruction of justice and fraud

indict (v)
to officially charge sb with a crime:
truy tố, buộc tội
The senator was indicted for murder. * They were indicted on a number of corruption
charges.

accomplice (n)
kẻ tòng phạm

clemency (n), leniency (n)

sự khoan hồng

reprieve (n) (v)

to officially cancel or delay a punishment for a prisoner who is CONDEMNED to
death
hoãn thi hành bản án tử hình
He agreed for a reprieve on condition that Gandhi's release did not cause Britain to
lose face.

jurisdiction (n)
~ (over sb/sth) | ~ (of sb/sth) (to do sth) the authority that an official organization has
to make legal decisions about sb/sth
quyền lực pháp lý

enact (v)
(law) to pass a law
thông qua luật
legislation enacted by parliament
No, this is not a big problem. There is one law we are all expected to abide by. It is the
law enacted by the Parliament under the Australian constitution

judiciary (n)
1/ Bộ máy tư pháp
2/ Các quan tòa
the judges of a country or a state, when they are considered as a group
latitude (n)
~ (in / for sth / to do sth) (formal) freedom to choose what you do or the way that you
do it
quyền rộng rãi
It gives the judiciary no latitude to weigh up the circumstances, the mitigating factors.
Mitigating circumstances or factors make a bad action, especially a crime, easier to
understand and excuse, and may result in the person responsible being punished less
severely. (LEGAL or FORMAL)
tình tiết giảm nhẹ
The judge found that in her case there were mitigating circumstances...
There are various mitigating factors.

plaintiff (n)
(law) a person who makes a formal complaint against sb in a court of law:
nguyên đơn, người đứng kiện
defendant (n)
the person in a court of law who is accused of committing a crime, or who is being
sued by another person
bị cáo
the accused (n)
a person who is on trial for committing a crime
The accused was found innocent.
All the accused have pleaded guilty.

arbitrary (a)
chuyên quyền, độc đoán
tùy ý, tự ý
1/(of an action, a decision, a rule, etc.) not seeming to be based on a reason, system or
plan and sometimes seeming unfair
He makes unpredictable, arbitrary decisions
2/(formal) using power without restriction and without considering other people
the arbitrary powers of officials

imposition (n)
the act of introducing sth such axs a new law or rule, or a new tax
Kirby recommends that the imposition of any arbitrary time for removal of children
should be with a guarantee of remedial services to families
...the imposition of a ban on cycling in the city centre.

empower (v) = authorise (v)

trao quyền
The courts were empowered to impose the death sentence for certain crimes

litigation (n)
(law) the process of making or defending a claim in a court of law
sự kiện tụng, sự tranh chấp
…pioneering case against the industry, although unsuccessful, had helped to underpin
massive US anti-tobacco litigation

abrogate (v)
(technical) to officially end a law, an agreement, etc
The rule has been abrogated by mutual consent

commute (v)
~ sth (to sth) (law) to replace one punishment with another that is less severe:
The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.

legislature (n)
(formal) a group of people who have the power to make and change laws
cơ quan lập pháp

mete sth<->out (to sb)

(formal) to give sb a punishment; to make sb suffer bad treatment:
Severe penalties were meted out by the court.
the violence meted out to the prisoners
potent (a)
having a strong effect on your body or mind:
mạnh mẽ
He had become a potent symbol for community disgust at the death penalty meted out
to him in Singapore last week and the drug trade itself

acquit (v)
sb (of sth) to decide and state officially in a court of law that sb is not guilty of a
crime:
tha bổng, tuyên bố trắng án
The jury acquitted him of murder.
Both defendants were acquitted
 acquittal (n)

parole (n)
permission that is given to a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their
SENTENCE on condition that they behave well
He then went beyond the prosecution's request, imposing a 28-year non-parole period,
to be backdated to November 10

hearing (n)
an official meeting at which the facts about a crime, complaint, etc. are presented to
the person or group of people who will have to decide what action to take:
a court / disciplinary hearing (= to decide if sb has done sth wrong)

infraction (n)
(formal) an act of breaking a rule or law
…my name would be announced over the public address system and the infraction
noted in my records

tribunal (n)
a type of court with the authority to deal with a particular problem or disagreement:
She took her case to a tribunal.
a disciplinary tribunal
collate (v)
to collect information together from different sources in order to examine and
compare it:
đối chiếu, so sánh
to collate data / information / figures
The government should be monitoring the slaughter that's taking place within the
Australian Whale Sanctuary ... monitoring of this slaughter would not only help the
diplomatic pressure to be applied but could also be used to collate evidence for a legal
action before the international tribunal of the law of the sea

injunction (n)
~ (against sb) an official order given by a court of law which demands that sth must or
must not be done:
lệnh của toà (cấm hoặc bắt làm gì)
to seek / obtain an injunction
The court granted an injunction against the defendants.
Mr Albanese called for the government to push for an international injunction to stop
the current season of whaling.

restraining order (n)

~ (against sb) (especially AmE) an official order given by a judge which demands that
sth must or must not be done. A restraining order does not require a trial in a court of
law but only lasts for a limited period of time.

dock (n)
the part of a court of law where the person who has been accused of a crime stands or
sits during a trial:
ghế của bị cáo ở toà án
vành móng ngựa
He's been in the dock (= on trial for a crime) several times already.
But as security guards led Smith into the dock for what was to be a brief appearance,
he collapsed.

rescind (v)
(formal) to officially state that a law, contract, decision, etc. is no longer valid
hủy bỏ, thủ tiêu (luật, hợp đồng)
rút hợp đồng
One can only hope that Mr Lee will learn more about the spirit of this phrase and will
use it to rescind the mandatory death penalty

absolve (v)
to state formally that sb is not guilty or responsible for sth:
tuyên bố vô tội
The court absolved him of all responsibility for the accident.
Unfortunately, there is no clear-cut answer either to implicate or to absolve the role of
aluminum in causing Alzheimer's disease

liability (n)
~ (for sth) | ~ (to do sth) the state of being legally responsible for sth:
chịu trách nhiệm pháp lý
The company cannot accept liability for any damage caused by natural disasters.
…and personal liability protection of at least $1 million in case you injure someone or
damage their property.

treason (n)  (a)

the crime of doing sth that could cause danger to your country, such as helping its
enemies during a war
sự làm phản, sự mưu phản
treasonable (a)
a treasonable act / offence
Before 1989, the average citizen was only allowed a passport for government
approved business and family visits, and investing abroad was akin to treason.

CRIME
languish (v)
~ (in sth) to be forced to stay somewhere or suffer sth unpleasant for a long time:
rục xương trong tù
She continues to languish in a foreign prison.
"He told them he was happy he would meet his death at the hands of his enemies and
be a martyr, not just languish in jail. He . . . gave them letters to his family in
anticipation
The mouthful of medicine which the Empress has refused to take earlier was served
again under the Emperor's instruction. Openly defiant, she drank in anguish only after
Prince Wan and Prince Yu begged her to

ruffian (n)
(old-fashioned) a violent man, especially one who commits crimes:
đứa côn đồ, tên vô lại, tên lưu manh
a gang of young ruffians

obnoxious (a)
khó chịu, đáng ghét, ghê tởm
extremely unpleasant, especially in a way that offends people

depraved (a)
formal) to make sb morally bad
SYN CORRUPT:
suy đồi, sa đọa, trụy lạc
In my view this book would deprave young children.

criminal (a)
có tội
No one can take away our citizenship or expel us from the country, regardless of how
obnoxious, depraved or criminal we may be.

monstrous (a)
tàn ác, ghê gớm (tội ác…)
monstrous crimes
If you describe a situation or event as monstrous, you mean that it is extremely
shocking or unfair.

perpetrate (v)
phạm, gây ra
 perpetrator (n)
In both cases those of us who hold life sacred were forced to watch in horror as a
powerful group with little regard for the sanctity of human life, informed us of the
barbarity they intended to perpetrate upon their captive…

premeditated (a)  # (a)

(of a crime or bad action) planned in advance
có dự tính trước
# unpremeditated (a)
The Singapore Government has sanctioned the premeditated murder of a young man
because it believes that state kilings have a greater impact on drug crime than
rehabilitation.

abduct (v)
to take sb away illegally, especially using force
SYN KIDNAP:
He had attempted to abduct the two children.
"Drugging them would have also made it easier on him, psychologically, to abduct
them, kill them and dispose of their bodies."

enlist (v)
sth/sb (in sth) | ~ sb (as sth) to persuade sb to help you or to join you in doing sth:
tranh thủ, giành được
[VN] They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime.

rigor (n)
(formal) the fact of being strict or severe
SYN SEVERITY:
nghiêm khắc
This crime must be treated with the full rigour of the law.
At the same time, they gathered practical survival experience, becoming better
equipped to withstand the rigors of nature.

manhunt (n)
an organized search by a lot of people for a criminal or a prisoner who has escaped
An international manhunt is under way for one of the Australians alleged to have
taken part in the snatch and grab operation

thug (n)
a violent person, especially a criminal:
kẻ côn đồ
a gang of thugs

mug (v)
If someone mugs you, they attack you in order to steal your money.
trấn lột
I was walking out to my car when this guy tried to mug me...
...the cowardly thugs who mug old people.
thuggery (n)
(written) violent, usually criminal, behaviour:
shoplifting, vandalism and petty thuggery
hành động côn đồ

callous (a)
not caring about other people's feelings or suffering:
nhẫn tâm
a callous killer / attitude / act * a callous disregard for the feelings of others

plough into sb/sth

(especially of a vehicle or its driver) to crash violently into sth especially because you
are driving too fast or not paying enough attention
A young girl and her little brother were seriously hurt when a car ploughed into them
on a crossing.
grisly (a)
extremely unpleasant and frightening and usually connected with death and violence:
ghê sợ, rùng rợn
a grisly crime
A police chase came to a grisly end early today when a speeding car ploughed into a
tree in a suburban street, killing a teenager

thrill killing (n)

A Thrill killing is a nickname for a kind of premeditated murder committed by a sane
criminal who is motivated by the sheer excitement of the act.

forgery (n)
the crime of copying money, documents, etc. in order to deceive people
tội giả mạo

Infanticide (n)
the crime of killing a baby; a person who is guilty of this crime

raider (n) = robber (n)

a person who makes a criminal raid on a place:
armed / masked raiders * Raiders broke into the warehouse and stole goods worth
£20000.

ART

scriptwriter (n)
a person who writes the words for films/movies, television and radio plays

antagonist (n)
a major character in a book, play, or movie whose values or behavior are in conflict
with the protagonist
nhân vật phản diện
protagonist (n)
the main character in a play, film/movie or book

supporting actor (n)

diễn viên phụ

hubris (n)
(literary) the fact of sb being too proud. In literature, a character with this pride
ignores warnings and laws and this usually results in their DOWNFALL and death.
sự xấc xược, ngạo mạn, kiêu căng láo xược
...a tale of how an honourable man pursuing honourable goals was afflicted with
hubris and led his nation towards catastrophe.
= arrogance

angénue (n)
(from French) an innocent young woman, especially in a film/movie or play:
an ingenue role

climax (n)
cao trào

parody (n)
a piece of writing, music, acting, etc. that deliberately copies the style of sb/sth in
order to be amusing:
nhại lại
a parody of a horror film * His personality made him an easy subject for parody.

villain (n)
the main bad character in a story, play, etc:
He often plays the part of the villain.
This time round, the villains are (naturally) terrorists, whose exact motivations are
never specified

stylistic (a)
connected with the style an artist uses in a particular piece of art, writing or music:
stylistic analysis / features / devices
From a stylistic standpoint, Minority Report resembles A.I., (its immediate Spielberg-
directed predecessor) more than the much earlier E.T.

put on (v)
to produce or present a play, a show, etc:
The local drama club is putting on 'Macbeth' at the Playhouse.

lacquer (v)
to cover sth such as wood or metal with lacquer:
a lacquered Chinese table
sơn mài
lacquer (n)
Lacquer is a special liquid which is painted on wood or metal in order to protect it
and to make it shiny.
We finished all the little fried and grilled and pickled items in the separate
compartments of our fancy lacquered half-moon lunch boxes, drank our clear soup
from lacquered bowls, and our green tea from those white cups.

FILM
cinematography (n)
the art of motion picture photography
thuật quay phim
...an admirer of Arthur Jafa's breathtaking cinematography.

suspense film
suspense genre
hồi hộp

montage (n)
a picture, film/movie or piece of music or writing that consists of many separate items
put together, especially in an interesting or unusual combination:
a film editing technique
(điện ảnh) sự dựng phim

screenplay (n)
kịch bản phim
 screenwriter (n)

swashbuckling (a)
set in the past and full of action, adventure, fighting with SWORDS, etc:
a swashbuckling tale of adventure on the high seas * the swashbuckling hero of
Hollywood epics
futuristic (a)
A futuristic film or book tells a story that is set in the future, when things are
different.
viễn tưởng
...the futuristic hit film, `Terminator 2'.
Instead, we're left with the Bond veteran Martin Campbell, who in earlier projects,
from the futuristic Escape From Absolom (1994) to the swashbuckling Mask of Zorro
(1998), has proven himself one of the least imaginative blockbuster directors in the
business
marksmanship (n)
skill in shooting
More than any earlier version of the character, he's unambiguously not a gentleman:
his ability to turn on the charm is a tool of his trade — like computer hacking or
marksmanship, not touching the essential man.

flick (n)
(old-fashioned, informal) a film/movie
“Casino Royale” doesn’t play as dirty as the Bourne films, but the whole thing moves
far lower to the ground than any of the newer Bond flicks

rave review (n)

an article in a newspaper or magazine that is very enthusiastic about a particular
film/movie, book, etc:
Her performance won rave reviews from the critics
gritty (a)
showing the courage and determination to continue doing sth difficult or unpleasant:
(từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) cứng cỏi, bạo dạn, gan góc
gritty determination * a gritty performance from the British player * Tottenham's
gritty fightback was rewarded by a goal in the closing minutes.

title card (n)

câu nói mở đầu phim
This civilisation, grand as it is, has fallen on hard times and, according to the title card
at the start of the film, has begun falling apart

intermission (n)
(especially AmE) a short period of time between the parts of a play, film/movie, etc:
Wine was served during the intermission. * (AmE) After intermission, the second
band played.
When the lights went up during the intermission, I realized there were no other
women in the place.
One young man sitting near us - probably a student - took one look at Midori and
changed his seat to the far side.

snuff film / snuff movie

pornographic movie with alleged murder: a pornographic movie or video that
allegedly ends with the murder of one of the participants in a sex act
The Boston Globe wrote the fact that "nearly everyone knows" Irwin died during the
documentary shoot "makes Ocean's Deadliest feel disconcertingly like a snuff film".
MUSIC
bravura (n)
(formal) great skill and enthusiasm in doing sth artistic:
phong cách hoặc kỹ thuật xuất sắc
a bravura performance

cacophony (n)
(formal) a mixture of loud unpleasant sounds
tiếng lộn xộn chối tai; điệu nhạc chối tai
They referred to rock ‘n’ roll as a cacophony and censured its being played on the
radio or sold in record stores.

jabber (v)
(disapproving) to talk quickly and in an excited way so that it is difficult to
understand what you are saying:
nói lúng búng
[V] What is he jabbering about now?
You might wonder how scientists could even begin to find the seat of awareness in the
cacophony of a hundred billion jabbering neurons

execution (n)
(formal) skill in performing or making sth, such as a piece of music or work of art:
sự biểu diễn, sự thể hiện
Her execution of the piano piece was perfect.

rendition (n)
the performance of sth, especially a song or piece of music; the particular way in
which it is performed:
hoà tấu ???
The band gave a live rendition of their latest single.
Softly humming the melody, she did a full rendition of "Scarborough Fair".

repertoire (n)
(also formal repertory) all the plays, songs, pieces of music, etc. that a performer
knows and can perform:
vốn tiết mục biểu diễn
to add to / extend your repertoire
a pianist with a wide repertoire

composition (n)
a piece of music or art, or a poem:
tác phẩm
one of Beethoven's finest compositions
Mozart's compositions are undoubtedly amongst the world's greatest.
the art of writing music:
sự sáng tác
to study composition

nocturne (n)
a short piece of music in a romantic style, especially for the piano
khúc nhạc đêm

sing, play music loudly (v) =

belt out (v)
The band was belting out songs from the 1940s

serenade (n)
1 a song or tune played or sung at night by a lover outside the window of the
woman he loves
2 a gentle piece of music in several parts, usually for a small group of
instruments
Soon after his engagement to actress Kate Fischer ended in 1998, he was spotted with
swimsuit model Jodhi Meares, whom he married in 1999. Baxter attended the $10
million wedding ceremony, which featured a serenade by Elton John, as girlfriend of
Packer's best friend, Damian Aspinall

indie (a)
used to describe popular music played by bands that are new and not well known, that
is produced by small independent companies:
an indie band / label
Also emblematic of the site's success was OK Go, an indie rock band only a handful
of fans had heard of

melodic, melodious (a)

pleasant to listen to, like music:
du dương, êm tai
a rich melodious voice

harmony (n)
Harmony is the pleasant combination of different notes of music played at the same
time.
hòa âm
...complex vocal harmonies.
...singing in harmony.

score (n)
a written or printed version of a piece of music showing what each instrument is to
play or what each voice is to sing:
bản nhạc bè
an orchestral score * the score of Verdi's 'Requiem'
The storm will always develop a score. The harmony of the wind on a small gap in the
window frame…

strum (v)
~ (on) sth to play a guitar or similar instrument by moving your fingers up and down
across the strings:
gãy (đàn)
[V] As she sang she strummed on a guitar.
We drank and watched the black smoke rising. She strummed and sang.

conservatoire (n)
trường nhạc
a school or college at which people are trained in music and theatre
I won competitions and had top marks in the conservatoire, and I was all set to study
in Germany after graduation.

ballerina (n)
a female dancer in ballet
seealso PRIMA BALLERINA
My sister had a white blouse on - yeah, a simple white blouse like this one - and a
grey skirt, and her toes were pointing down like a ballerina's, except there was a space
between the tip of her toes and the floor of maybe seven or eight inches.

symphony (n)
bản nhạc dao hưởng
A symphony is a piece of music written to be played by an orchestra. Symphonies are
usually made up of four separate sections called movements.

movement (n)
any of the main parts that a long piece of music is divided into:
chương
the slow movement of the First Concerto
...the first movement of Beethoven's 7th symphony.

transcribe (v)
~ sth (for sth) to write a piece of music in a different form so that it can be played by
another musical instrument or sung by another voice:
a piano piece transcribed for the guitar
Reiko enjoyed the records I brought as gifts from the city. She transcribed a few tunes
and worked them out on her guitar
PLAY
playwright (n)
a person who writes plays for the theatre, television or radio
SYN DRAMATIST

monologue (n)
a long speech in a play, film/movie, etc. spoken by one actor, especially when alone
độc thoại
(sân khấu) kịch một vai; độc bạch

pathos (n)
(in writing, speech and plays) the power of a performance, description, etc. to produce
feelings of sadness and sympathy:
tính chất cảm động
cảm xúc cao; cảm hứng chủ đạo
The scene was full of pathos.

PAINTING
juxtapose (v)
(formal) to put people or things together, especially in order to show a contrast or a
new relationship between them:
tương phản
để (hai hoặc nhiều vật) cạnh nhau, để kề nhau
In the exhibition, abstract paintings are juxtaposed with shocking photographs.

hue (n)
(literary or technical) a colour; a particular shade of a colour:
His face took on an unhealthy whitish hue.

evocative (a)
để gọi lên, để gợi lên
…while the darker colors are evocative of the smoke
emblematic (a)
tượng trưng, biểu tượng, điển hình
The whole painting is emblematic of the fire without directly showing it

perspective (a)
the art of creating an effect of depth and distance in a picture by representing people
and things that are far away as being smaller than those that are nearer the front:
tranh vẽ luật xa gần; hình phối cảnh
The artist plays with perspective to confuse the eye.

austere (a)
simple and plain; without any decorations:
mộc mạc, chân phương
The dramatic clouds and floating figures give energy to what could be considered an
austere painting.

picturesque (a)
(of a place, building, scene, etc.) pretty, especially in a way that looks old-fashioned:
a picturesque cottage / setting / village

pastel (n)
a pale delicate colour:
The whole house was painted in soft pastels.

amber (n)
a hard clear yellowish-brown substance, used in making ornaments or jewellery:
hổ phách
amber beads

caricature (n)
trang biếm họa

russet (a)
reddish-brown in colour
But more is needed to ensure Mr Myers' crop, mostly russet burbank potatoes
destined for McCain frozen fries, is a good one

garish (a)
very brightly coloured in an unpleasant way:
loè loẹt, sặc sỡ, chói mắt
garish clothes / colours / lights * It's a little too garish for my taste.
and the bed and the lighting and the curtains had that special "love hotel" garishness,

miniature (n)
a very small detailed painting, often of a person
bức tiểu hoạ
Naoko was unusually talkative that night. She told me about her childhood, her
school, her family. Each episode was a long one, executed with the painstaking detail
of a miniature.
livid (a)
dark bluish-grey in colour:
tái nhợt, tái mét, tím ngắt
a livid bruise
Her arm was purpled by internal bleeding from mid-bicep to wrist and her knee was
just as livid

discolour (v)
to change colour, or to make the colour of sth change, in a way that makes it look less
attractive:
làm bạc màu
[V] Plastic tends to discolour with age. * [VN] The pipes were beginning to rust,
discolouring the water.
I picked a discoloured copy of Hermann Hesse's Beneath the Wheel that must have
been hanging around the shop unsold for a long time, and left the
money for it by the till

saffron (n)
a bright orange-yellow colour
màu vàng nghệ
TIME's Bangkok bureau sits on a quiet residential soi, or street, where Buddhist
monks stroll by in saffron robes

LITERATURE
diction (n)
cách diễn tả, cách chọn lời, cách chọn từ
1/ the way that sb pronounces words:
clear diction
2/ (technical) the choice and use of words in literature:
Wordsworth rejected poetic diction in favour of ordinary language.

quibble (v) (n)

chơi chữ
He realised that for sure when Thorpe used the word "discontinue" instead of "retire"
or "quit". Bond was right. Thorpe and Deirdre Anderson had quibbled over those very
words, their semantics and real meanings, during their deep-and-meaningfuls on the
Sunday.

denotation (n)
dictionary definition

connotation (n)
an idea suggested by a word in addition to its main meaning:
the feelings and emotions words take on
hàm ý (của một từ)
parallelism (n)
the use of corresponding syntactical forms
lối viết song song
My hobbies are reading, writing, and swimming.

paraphrase (v)
a statement that expresses sth that sb has written or said using different words,
especially in order to make it easier to understand
chú giải dài dòng

paraphrase: put the writer words into your own words and do not use quotation marks

levity (n)
(written) behaviour that shows a lack of respect for sth serious and that treats it in an
amusing way

SYN FRIVOLITY:
The joke provided a moment of levity in an otherwise dreary meeting.

anecdote (n)
a short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event:
amusing anecdotes about his brief career as an actor
The book is a rich store of anecdote

metrophobia (n)
A fear of poetry

simile (n)
(technical) a word or phrase that compares sth to sth else, using the words like or as,
for example a face like a mask or as white as snow; the use of such words and phrases
compare METAPHOR
sự so sách, lối so sánh

imagery (n)
anguage that produces pictures in the minds of people reading or listening:
poetic imagery

stanza (n)
(technical) a group of lines in a repeated pattern that form a unit in some types of
poem
SYN VERSE
đoạn thơ, khổ thơ

motif (n)
a subject, an idea or a phrase that is repeated and developed in a work of literature or
a piece of music
chủ đề
posthumous (a)
happening, done, published, etc. after a person has died:
a posthumous award for bravery
A posthumous collection of her work has just been published.

personification (n)
the practice of representing objects, qualities, etc. as human beings, in art and
literature; an object, quality, etc. that is represented in this way:
sự nhân hoá
the personification of autumn in Keats's poem

account (n)
a written or spoken description of sth that has happened:
báo cáo, tường thuật, miêu tả
She gave the police a full account of the incident. The diaries contained detailed
accounts of the writer's experiences in China.

passage (n)
a short section from a book, piece of music, etc.
SYNEXCERPT, EXTRACT:
Read the following passage and answer the questions below.

rhyme (n)
a short poem in which the last word in the line has the same sound as the last word in
another line, especially the next one:
children's rhymes and stories
see also NURSERY RHYME

nursery rhyme
bài hát ru????
a simple traditional poem or song for children

allegory (n)
chuyện ngụ ngôn
story, play, picture, etc. in which each character or event is a symbol representing an
idea or a quality, such as truth, evil, death, etc.; the use of such symbols:
a political allegory * the poet's use of allegory
see also FABLE
The movie is partially intended as a political allegory about civilizations in decline

fable (n)
a traditional short story that teaches a moral lesson, especially one with animals as
characters; these stories considered as a group:
truyện ngụ ngôn
truyền thuyết
Aesop's Fables
a land rich in fable
At night, the tribe's elder tells the village a fable of man dangerously never filling his
want, despite having the capabilities of the world's animals
alliteration (n)
(technical) the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of words that are close
together, as in sing a song of sixpence

dictation (n)
đọc chính tả, bài chính tả

anagram (n)
a word or phrase that is made by arranging the letters of another word or phrase in a
different order:
An anagram of 'Elvis' is 'lives'.

aphorism (n)
(formal) a short phrase that says sth true or wise:
cách ngôn
Johnson's aphorism: 'When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life.'
Incredible that anyone can doubt that the customer is always right. It's an American
aphorism and it's one of the reasons that American businesses and business culture is
so successful

whet (v)
to increase your desire for or interest in sth:
The book will whet your appetite for more of her work.
The revelation will whet the appetite of millions of fans worldwide for the seventh
and final Potter installment, which will follow Harry and friends during their final
year at Hogwarts, the school for witches and wizards.

pantomime (n)
kịch câm

overtone (n)
ngụ ý
an attitude or an emotion that is suggested and is not expressed in a direct way:
There were political overtones to the point he was making.
So we could say that although Buddhism in not entirely scientific, it certainly has a
strong overtone and is certainly more scientific than any other religion.

undertone (n)
hàm ý
~ (of sth) a feeling, quality or meaning that is not expressed directly but is still
noticeable from what sb says or does:
His soft words contained an undertone of warning. * The play does not have the
political undertones of the novel.

novella (n)
a short novel
They've stuck relatively closely to the plot of Fleming's novel — really a novella —
with the addition of a new first act.

verse (n)
writing that is arranged in lines, often with a regular rhythm or pattern of RHYME
SYN POETRY:
câu thơ, bài thơ
unchecked (a)
if sth harmful is unchecked, it is not controlled or stopped from getting worse:
The fire was allowed to burn unchecked. * The rise in violent crime must not go
unchecked.
The biblical story of Babel takes up a handful of verses in the 11th chapter of Genesis,
and it illustrates, among other things, the terrible consequences of unchecked
ambition.

apocryphal (a)
không đích xác, không chính xác, chưa đáng tin, đáng ngờ
(of a story) well known, but probably not true:
Most of the stories about him are apocryphal.
THERE are many terrific stories about marketing and, like most of them, this one is
probably apocryphal

plot (n)
tình tiết, cốt truyện

folklore (n)
the traditions and stories of a country or community:
văn học dân gian; truyền thống dân gian
Irish / Indian folklore * The story rapidly became part of family folklore.

figurative (a)
(of language, words, phrases, etc.) used in a way that is different from the usual
meaning, in order to create a particular mental image. For example, 'He exploded with
rage' shows a figurative use of the verb 'explode'.
nghĩa bóng, bóng bẩy

peruse (v)
(formal or humorous) to read sth, especially in a careful way:
đọc kỹ (sách...)
A copy of the report is available for you to peruse at your leisure.
I have a diary that I write in, should I wish to do that, and that (as most diaries are) is
a personal affair, kept for my own reasons, my own perusal and represents a part of
me that only I should see

catharsis (n)
(technical) the process of releasing strong feelings, for example through plays or other
artistic activities, as a way of providing RELIEF from anger, suffering, etc.
Some of these people have chosen to use their blog as a safety valve, a path to
catharsis, an avenue for liberating their emotions and feelings

acrostic (n)
a poem or other piece of writing in which particular letters in each line, usually the
first letters, can be read downwards to form a word or words
There is an acrostic poem at the end of Through the Looking Glass; reading
downward, taking the first letter of each line, spells out Alice Pleasance Liddell, so
there is little doubt that she was responsible for the inspiration behind the fictional
Alice

glossy (n)
(BrE, informal) an expensive magazine printed on glossy paper, with a lot of colour
photographs, etc.:
She works in one of the big fashion glossies.
The steady sellers are the women's glossies with illustrated pull-out sections on the
latest sexual techniques

comic (n)
a magazine, especially for children, that tells stories through pictures

till (n)
(BrE, informal) the place where you pay for goods in a large shop/store:
Please pay at the till. * a long queue at the till
We even sell writing supplies - stacks of ballpoint pens and pencils and notebooks
next to the till.

lyricism (n)
the expression of strong emotion in poetry, art, music, etc:
She played the concerto with passionate lyricism. * the lyricism of his early poetry
This gradual immersion into an alien culture boasts a lyricism that is at once visually
beautiful and emotionally disturbing

catharsis (n)
(technical) the process of releasing strong feelings, for example through plays or other
artistic activities, as a way of providing RELIEF from anger, suffering, etc.
(văn học) sự hồi hộp phấn chấn
So after subjecting us to alternating pulses of lyricism and brutality, Gibson gives us a
third act that is essentially pure thrill and catharsis, a grand chase through the jungle
so brilliantly paced and
action-packed

colloquialism (n)
a word or phrase that is used in conversation but not in formal speech or writing
lối nói thông tục
malaise (n)
the problems affecting a particular situation or group of people that are difficult to
explain or identify:
nỗi khó chịu
economic / financial / social malaise * The latest crime figures are merely
symptomatic of a wider malaise in society.
The many colourful colloquialisms describing traveller's diarrhoea, which include
Aztec Two Step, Bali (Bangkok or Delhi) Belly, Cairo Curse, Dakar Dash and
Montezuma's Revenge, underline the expansive global reach of this unfortunate
malaise
SOCIOLOGY
stratification (n)
(technical) the division of sth into different layers or groups:
sự phân tầng
social stratification

taboo (n)
a cultural or religious custom that does not allow people to do, use or talk about a
particular thing as people find it offensive or embarrassing:
sự cấm kỵ, điều cấm kỵ
an incest taboo
a taboo on working on a Sunday
to break / violate a taboo
Death is one of the great taboos in our culture.

ostrasize (v)
(formal) to refuse to let sb be a member of a social group; to refuse to meet or talk to
sb:
tẩy chay
He was ostracized by his colleagues for refusing to support the strike.

socialite (n)
người giao thiệp rộng
(sometimes disapproving) a person who goes to a lot of fashionable parties and is
often written about in the newspapers, etc.
More than 1000 VIPs got down to Motown at socialite Ann Peacock's New Year's Eve
party at Crown Casino

pop culture (n)

popular culture (n)
văn hóa đại chúng
vernacular (a)
địa phương
the prevailing vernacular culture in any given society, including art, cooking, clothing,
entertainment, mass media, music and style

CLASS
posh (a)
elegant and expensive:
(từ lóng) chiến, cừ, sang trọng
She was an impeccably raised girl, educated at Jeanne d'Arc Academie pour Jeunes
Filles in Versailles and the posh St Hilda's school in Bushey, north of London

society (n)
the group of people in a country who are fashionable, rich and powerful:
tầng lớp thượng lưu
Their daughter married into high society.
a society wedding
Last year Fischer consulted society jeweller Nic Cerrone to sell the platinum diamond
engagement ring Packer gave her

upmarket (a)
designed for or used by people who belong to a high social class:
cao cấp
an upmarket brand / restaurant / store
Midori and her sister moved into a two-bedroom flat near Myogadani, a more
upmarket neighbourhood

PARTY
function (n)
a social event or official ceremony:
các dịp lễ lạc
buổi lễ, buổi họp mặt chính thức
The hall provided a venue for weddings and other functions.
NEXT week will be John Howard's week, with a string of functions in Canberra,
Sydney and Melbourne to mark his 10 years in power. Last night belonged to Peter
Costello.

tipsy (a)
(informal) slightly drunk
ngà ngà say
Jennifer, a little tipsy, went for a stroll to get some air with a friend at dusk

blotto (a)
(old-fashioned, informal) very drunk:
He got completely blotto at the party.
Your boss - the big boss - has issued a company-wide memo warning staff about their
deportment at the office Christmas party. It cautions against "inappropriate" behaviour
and suggests you keep an eye on when to "slow down" and how to offer "peer
support" to your colleagues. But really, it's about people getting blotto and making a
mess of themselves - and others

tank up (v)
get drunk: to drink enough alcohol to become drunk (slang)
sự say sưa; bữa rượu tuý luý
And its defining feature is its power to dissolve inhibitions. Because of this, risky acts
might not seem "inappropriate" when you're tanked up: drink-driving the gang home,
touching up that new cutie who started last month, or telling the boss - the big boss -
exactly how he's stuffing everything up.

booze (n)
(informal) alcoholic drink:
Now he's off the booze (= he has given up drinking alcohol), he's a different person.

hangover (n)
dư vị khó chịu
the HEADACHE and sick feeling that you have the day after drinking too much
alcohol:
She woke up with a terrible hangover.
But there is a deadly serious side to it, too - drink-driving, sexual assault and putting
your job in jeopardy are just some of the worst possible ramifications: even death, for
yourself or others, could be the result. At the other end of the scale, hangovers and
humiliation can also be devastating

cringe (v)
to feel very embarrassed and uncomfortable about sth:
ái náy
I cringe when I think of the poems I wrote then. * She felt herself cringe with
embarrassment at the memory.
plastered (a)
(informal) drunk:
to be / get plastered
There is no doubt that Christmas parties can be hugely entertaining, but who doesn't
cringe watching their colleagues get plastered and disgrace themselves?

spree (n)
a short period of time that you spend doing one particular activity that you enjoy, but
often too much of it:
a shopping / spending spree
He's out on a spree.
cuộc vui chơi miệt mài; sự chè chén lu bù, sự ăn uống lu bù
It is dangerous to assume that when they were found was when they were killed, but if
they were being killed this close together - five in six weeks - it would be
extraordinarily unusual. It is more the act of a spree killer than a serial killer

housewarming party
tiệc tân gia

split the bill

"I offered to split the bill because I didn't want him to feel obliged to pay for me. I
figure if he had really liked me, in a girlfriend/boyfriend way

SPEECH
digress (v)
lạc đề / ra ngoài đề khi nói chuyện hoặc viết bài
to move away from the main point in speaking or writing
The speaker talked about modern art, then digressed into a discussion of a painter
from 500 years ago.

impromptu (n)
done without preparation or planning:
bất thường
an impromptu speech
They often held impromptu meetings in their house.

derogatory (a)
showing a critical attitude towards sb
SYN INSULTING:
derogatory remarks / comments
(formal) She indicated by her tone that this was only her private opinion and in no
way derogatory of Colonel Ferguson.

levity (n)
(written) behaviour that shows a lack of respect for sth serious and that treats it in an
amusing way
SYN FRIVOLITY:
sự khinh bạc
If it is appropriate to your topic and audience, using levity to begin a speech can help
you and your audience to relax
The joke provided a moment of levity in an otherwise dreary meeting.

anecdote (n)
a short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event:
amusing anecdotes about his brief career as an actor
The book is a rich store of anecdote.
verity (n)
(formal) a belief or principle about life, the world, etc. that is accepted as true:
sự thực, chân lý, tính chân thật
the eternal verities of life

summation (n)
[usuallysing.] a summary of what has been done or said:
What he said was a fair summation of the discussion.

podium (n)
a small platform that a person stands on when giving a speech or CONDUCTING an
orchestra, etc.

monotone (n)
a dull sound or way of speaking in which the tone and volume remain the same and
therefore seem boring:
giọng đều đều
He spoke in a flat monotone.

distinct (a)
easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc:
There was a distinct smell of gas.
His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.

eloquence (n)
tài hùng biện

moving (a)
cảm động
It is very moving to see how much strangers can care for each other...
= touching

malign (v)
(written) to say bad things about sb/sth publicly:
nói xấu, phỉ báng, vu khống
She feels she has been much maligned by the press.

Adam Richards, owner of the turf laying company Mr Turf, reckons the humble lawn
is too often maligned as nothing more than a sponge for precious water

rant (v)
~ (on) (about sth) | ~ (at sb) (disapproving) to speak or complain about sth in a loud
and/or angry way
lời nói huênh hoang rỗng tuếch; bài diễn văn huênh hoang rỗng tuếch
lời nói cường điệu
"Journalists once had the exclusive province of taking people to places they'd never
been. But now a mother in Baghdad with a videophone can let you see a roadside
bombing or a patron in a nightclub can show you a racist rant by a famous comedian,"
he said.
cadence (n)
(formal) the rise and fall of the voice in speaking:
giọng lên xuống, ngữ điệu
He delivered his words in slow, measured cadences.
At birth, she was already predisposed to the sound of her mother’s voice over that of
strangers; to the cadence of nursery rhymes she might have overheard in the womb

unequivocal (a)
(formal) expressing your opinion or intention very clearly and firmly:
rõ rệt
an unequivocal answer / rejection / warning
The answer was an unequivocal 'no'.
To date, we are aware of only one planet that unequivocally supports life: our own.
OPP EQUIVOCAL

diction (n)
cách diễn tả, cách chọn lời, cách chọn từ
cách phát âm
His diction wasn't very good...

parlance (n)
(formal) a particular way of using words or expressing yourself, for example one used
by a particular group:
cách nói
in common / legal / modern parlance

bleat (v)
~ (on) (about sth) to speak in a weak or complaining voice:
than vãn
'But I've only just got here,' he bleated feebly.

articulate (a)
(of speech) clearly expressed or pronounced:
lưu loát
All we could hear were loud sobs, but no articulate words.

bombast (n)
(formal) words which sound important but have little meaning, used to impress
people:
lời nói khoa trương; giọng văn khoa trương
His speech was full of bombast.

harangue (n)
a long loud angry speech that criticizes sb/sth or tries to persuade people to do sth
lời kêu gọi, lời hô hào (trước công chúng)
I usually don't deny friendship to bloggers who request it, unless inspection of their
blog reveals it to be a commercial site or one devoted to fanatical and one-sided
harangues.
parlance (n)
(formal) a particular way of using words or expressing yourself, for example one used
by a particular group:
cách nói
in common / legal / modern parlance

stutter (v)
nói lắp bắp
Odd, though, that someone who wanted to work for the government's Geographical
Survey Institute should stutter every time he said the word "map".

snatch (n)
a very small part of a conversation or some music that you hear
SYN SNIPPET:
đoạn, khúc
a snatch of music * I only caught snatches of the conversation.
Again, she talked only in snatches, but this didn't seem to bother her, and I made no
special effort to keep the conversation going

hedge (v)
to avoid giving a direct answer to a question or promising to support a particular idea,
etc:
tránh không trả lời thẳng
Just answer 'yes' or 'no'-and stop hedging
China has hedged for years about the terms of the much-postponed visit but appears to
have given critical guarantees…

mouth (v)
to move your lips as if you were saying sth, but without making a sound:
He mouthed a few obscenities at us and then moved off.
"Thank you," a beaming John mouthed to the crowds, as he stood with his arm round
Canadian-born Furnish.

monologue (n)
độc thoại
He began to speak: his opening monologue lasted 12 minutes

ECONOMICS

proceeds (n)
~ (of / from sth) the money that you receive when you sell sth or organize a
performance, etc.; profits:
số thu nhập; tiền lời, lãi
Corby's publisher, Pan Macmillan, said Corby wanted to use the proceeds to fund the
legal battle against her conviction

outlet (n)
(especially AmE) a shop/store that sells goods of a particular make at reduced prices:
the Nike outlet in the outlet mall
She said the next phase of the VicLANES study would probe the reasons for
neighbourhood differences in weight, but suggested higher numbers of fast food
outlets in disadvantaged areas may be to blame.

mutual fund (n)

type of investment company: an investment company that uses members' capital to
buy a diverse group of stocks from other companies

falter (v)
to become weaker or less effective:
suy yếu
The economy shows no signs of faltering.
Her courage never faltered.

volatile (a)
(of a situation) likely to change suddenly; easily becoming dangerous:
bấp bênh
a volatile exchange rate
a volatile market

levy (v)
~ sth (on sb/sth) to use official authority to demand and collect a payment, tax, etc:
thu (thuế)
a tax levied by the government on excess company profits

broker (n)
người môi giới chứng khoáng

monopoly (n)
thế độc quyền

portfolio (n)
(finance) a set of shares owned by a particular person or organization:
danh sách vốn đầu tư (của một công ty, một nhà ngân hàng)
an investment / share portfolio
a portfolio manager

fluctuation (n)
wild fluctuations in interest rates
During the crisis, oil prices fluctuated between $20 and $40 a barrel.
The rate of inflation has been fluctuating around 4% for some time.

equity (n)
(finance) the value of a company's shares; the value of a property after all charges and
debts have been paid:
He plans to raise the company's return on equity to 15%.
see also NEGATIVE EQUITY

launder (v)
rửa tiền
sanctuary (n)
a safe place, especially one where people who are being chased or attacked can stay
and be protected
nơi trú ẩn, nơi trốn tránh, nơi cư trú
The new section was designed to keep terrorists, murderers, drug traffickers, gun-
runners and money launderers from finding permanent sanctuary in Australia

depreciation (n)
sự giảm giá
currency depreciation
the depreciation of fixed assets

tax evasion
trốn thuế

franchise (n)
a right to sell a company's products in a particular area using the company's name:
(đại lý)
a fast-food franchise
a franchise holder

franchisee (n)
someone who is given or sold a franchise

outsource (v)
(business) to arrange for sb outside a company to do work or provide goods for that
company:
[VN] We outsource all our computing work. [

conglomerate (n)
(business) a large company formed by joining together different firms:
tập đoàn
a media conglomerate
tập đoàn truyền thông

disposable (a)
(finance) available for use:
disposable assets / capital / resources
"There is longer life expectancy, decreasing birthrates, more disposable income that
people have available," Uncles says. "They can spend it on themselves and they can
spend it on others. They are increasingly spending it on themselves at this time of
year."
splurge (v)
~ (sth) (on sth) (informal) to spend a lot of money on sth that you do not really need
While many are splurging on electronics, fashion and jewellery, Uncles says the
Christmas list is expanding.

liquidate (v)
[VN] (finance) to sell sth in order to get money:
to liquidate assets
[VN] (finance) to pay a debt
thanh lý

trust fund (n)

money that is controlled for sb by an organization or a group of people:
quỹ tiết kiệm
She set up a trust fund for her children.

HISTORY
anachronism (n)
việc lỗi thời; người lỗi thời; vật lỗi thời
a person, a custom or an idea that seems old-fashioned and does not belong to the
present:
The monarchy is seen by many people as an anachronism in the modern world.
The President tended to regard the Church as an anachronism.

enclave (n)
an area of a country or city where the people have a different religion, culture or
NATIONALITY from those who live in the country or city that surrounds it
vùng đất lọt vào giữa (đất đai của nước khác)
Each successive king built his own enclave consisting of religious temples,
administrative building, and royal palaces.

posterity (n)
(formal) all the people who will live in the future:
hậu thế
The profuse jungle growth reclaimed much of the area and hid it for four hundred
years, waiting for posterity to discover it again.

tradition (n)
sự truyền miệng, truyền thuyết

relic (n)
thánh tích, di tích, di vậy
~ (of / from sth) an object, a tradition, etc. that has survived from a period of time that
no longer exists:
The building stands as the last remaining relic of the town's cotton industry
As the Arctic Ocean turns into a heat-capturing machine, the great Greenland ice-cap -
the last relic of the northern ice age and 10% of the global ice mass - will be warmed
as never before.

vestige (n)
a small part of sth that still exists after the rest of it has stopped existing:
vết tích, dấu vết, di tích
the last vestiges of the old colonial regime

monolith (n)
A monolith is a very large, upright piece of stone, especially one that was put in place
in ancient times.
đá nguyên khối, cây độc thạch

accede (v)  (n)

to achieve a high position, especially to become king or queen:
lên ngôi
Queen Victoria acceded to the throne in 1837.
Prince Charles has discussed rejecting the title King Charles III when he accedes to
the throne because of its associations with Britain's bloody past, the Times newspaper
says.
accession (n)
the act of becoming a ruler of a country:
the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne

abdicate (v)
to give up the position of being king or queen:
thoái vị
He abdicated in favour of his son.
She was forced to abdicate the throne of Spain.
George VI, who died in 1952, was the Queen's father who took over unexpectedly
after his brother Edward VIII abdicated over his relationship with an American
divorcee.

imperishable (a)
bất hủ

annals (n)
an official record of events or activities year by year; historical records:
biên niên
His deeds went down in the annals of British history.
The imperishable glory of the defence of Tobruk will never be forgotten in the annals
of war.

antiquity (n)
tình trạng cổ xưa, đời xưa
Archaeologists found 40 bodies of varying antiquity in the area.

excavate (v)
đào, khai quật
The site has been excavated by archaeologists.
pottery and weapons excavated from the burial site
The body was discovered when builders excavated the area.

revere (v)
tôn kính
The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven...

irreverent (a)
(usually approving) not showing respect to sb/sth that other people usually respect:
thiếu tôn kính, bất kính
irreverent wit
an irreverent attitude to tradition

court (n)
cung điện
The plot is based on Cao Yu's 1934 drama Thunderstorm (pinyin: Lei Yu), but is set in
the imperial court of the Later Tang Dynasty in the year 928, which was during the
turbulent Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period

courtier (n)
(especially in the past) a person who is part of the COURT of a king or queen
triều thần, cận thần
"William is very angry that nothing has changed," one courtier said of the prince's
fury over the paparazzi who made life such hell for his late mother and now have
increased their surveillance of his longtime girlfriend.

empress (n)
hoàng hậu

concubine (n)
thứ phi ?? vợ lẽ

Persian (a)
Ba Tư
Jiang Chan discovers the addition of a secret ingredient, a Persian fungus, into the
medication intended for the Empress from her father, the later of which was under the
direct orders from the Emperor, and its poisonous properties
elevated (a)
cao, cao cả
high in rank:
an elevated status

install (v)
~ sb (as sth) to put sb in a new position of authority, often with an official ceremony:
phong chức
He was installed as President last May.
He installs the Prince as the commander of the Palace's security forces
Having groomed the ambitious prince on the frontlines for three years, he plans to
install him as the Crown Prince over the incompetent Prince Wan, the later of which
has consistently expressed his unwillingness to take the throne

apogee (n)
(formal) the highest point of sth, where it is greatest or most successful:
tuyệt đỉnh, điểm cao nhất, thời cực thịnh
a religious community that was at its apogee in the twelfth century
This period marked the apogee of Portuguese power and wealth, but it faded towards
the end of the 16th century when Spain's Felipe II claimed the throne

Qin Dynasty
nhà Tần

Han Dynasty
nhà Hán

Tang Dynasty
nhà Đường

Song Dynasty
nhà Tống

Yuan Dynasty
nhà Nguyên

Min Dynasty
nhà Minh

Qing Dynasty
nhà Thanh
JEWELLERY
flat shoes
giày, dép thấp

highheels, high heels (n)  high-heeled (a)

giày cao gót
Taller girls that only wear flat shoes, and shorter girls wearing chunky highheels
click (n)
tiếng lách cách
It's the click of high heels that gets our attention

court shoe (n)

giày cao gót (thấp hơn high heels)
a woman's formal shoe that is plain and does not cover the top part of the foot

amulet (n)
a piece of jewellery that some people wear because they think it protects them from
bad luck, illness, etc.
bùa

turquoise (n)
màu lam
ngọc lam
màu ngọc lam ((cũng) turquoise blue)

lustre (n)
the shining quality of a surface:
nước bóng
Her hair had lost its lustre.
The shell had a beautiful pearly lustre

heavy make-up
Girls with heavy make-up and short skirts stood in front of the shops, soliciting men

INFORMATION
breadown (n)
detailed information that you get by studying a set of figures:
First, let's look at a breakdown of the costs.
In any case, Professor Diaz's psychological breakdown of the Ipswich serial killer
doesn't exactly tell us anything the ordinary bloke in the pub wouldn't have been able
to guess.

netiquette (n)
(formal) to go beyond the limit of what is morally or legally acceptable:
nghi thức mạng Nghi thức của mạng; một tập các quy tắc phản ánh các kinh nghiệm
lâu đời về sự hoà hợp trong môi trường điện tử (thư điện tử và các nhóm thông tin
máy tính)
They had transgressed the bounds of decency.

flame (v)
(informal) to send sb an angry or insulting message on the Internet

prototype (n)
~ (for / of sth) the first design of sth from which other forms are copied or developed:
the prototype of the modern bicycle
Scientists have developed a working prototype for a voice translation machine.

FUNERAL
"This is a very difficult period for all of us and some time away is the best thing for
me right now,"

"In the meantime I want to extend my sincerest thanks for all of your heartfelt
messages and condolences. That Belinda meant so much to so many people,
genuinely means a lot to me."

to drop down dead

chết ko kịp ngáp

to be between life and death

chết đi sống lại

to die without being able to lose one's eyes:

chết ko nhắm mắt

to be madly in love with somebody:

chết mê chết mệt

it is better to die on your feet than to live on your knees

chết đứng còn hơn sống quỳ
pass away (v)
You can say that someone passed away to mean that they died, if
you want to avoid using the word `die' because you think it might
upset or offend people.
He unfortunately passed away last year.

decease (n) (v)

qua đời

expire (v)
băng hà

pop off (v)

ngủm, nghoẻo

lose one’s life

Australian journalist Morgan Mellish was living his dream working as a foreign correspondent when he
lost his life in this week's Indonesian plane crash

meet sb’s death

The subsequent inquest failed to provide answers as to how he came to meet his death

pass in

wreath (n)
vòng hoa tang

hearse (n)
xe tang

embalm (v)
ướp xác
to prevent a dead body from decaying by treating it with special substances to
preserve it
embalmer (n)

obituary (n)
cáo phó
Someone's obituary is an account of their life and character which
is printed in a newspaper or broadcast soon after they die.
I read your brother's obituary in the Times.

bereave (v)
mất mát
(be bereaved) if sb is bereaved, a relative or close friend has just died:
The ceremony was an ordeal for those who had been recently bereaved.
Centrelink told her she was not eligible for financial aid (free flights and $300 a
person in accommodation costs) provided to bereaved Australians who were caught
up in the disaster.
demise (n)
(formal or humorous) death:
his imminent / sudden / sad demise
We also roundly fear spectacular causes of death, such as murder, being struck by
lightning or being bitten by a poisonous snake, even though the chance that we would
fall prey to such an exotic demise is very small

perish (v)
(formal or literary) (of people or animals) to die, especially in a sudden violent way:
thiệt mạng
A family of four perished in the fire.
He perished after a flying accident, however, and the Wrights decided they needed a
method of control more suitable for airplanes big enough to carry a motor

epitaph (n)
words that are written or said about a dead person, especially words on a
GRAVESTONE
mộ chí

parlour (n)
a room in a private house for sitting in, entertaining visitors, etc.
 funeral parlour (n)
nhà tang lễ
 massage parlour (n)
funeral parlour worker (funeral directors’ assistants)
funeral arranger (n)

morgue (n)
nhà xác
a building in which dead bodies are kept before they are buried or CREMATED (=
burned)
A YEAR ago, Jess Maulder cut short her Thailand holiday to work in a makeshift
morgue identifying tsunami victims
mortuary (n)
nhà xác, nhà tang lễ
a room or building, for example part of a hospital, in which dead bodies are kept
before they are buried or CREMATED (= burned)

inter (v)
(formal) to bury a dead person:
an táng
The princess was interred on an island in the middle of a lake.
OPP DISINTER
A source close to Saddam's family also confirmed his remains were interred at Awja,
where his sons Uday and Qusay, killed by US troops in 2003, lie in a family plot in
the cemetery
 bury (v)

disinter (v)
quật mồ
The bones were disinterred and moved to a burial site.

cremate (v)
hoả táng
When someone is cremated, their dead body is burned, usually as part of a funeral
service.
She wants Chris to be cremated.

crematorium (n)
lò thiêu (xác); nơi hoả táng

CLOTHING
tank top (n)
áo sát nách
(American English) a piece of clothing like a T-shirt but with no sleeves

cheesy:
cheap; outmoded (lỗi thời)
"Why are you wearing such cheesy clothes?"

suit (v)
[VN] (especially of clothes, colours, etc.) to make you look attractive:
Blue suits you. You should wear it more often. * I don't think this coat really suits me.

sleeve (n)
tay áo

cuff (n)
cổ tay áo (sơ mi, vét); cổ tay áo giả

collar (n)
cổ áo

buttonhole (n)
khuy áo

hemline (n)
gấu áo, gấu quần
the bottom edge of a dress or skirt; the length of a dress or skirt
…the majority of Thai women are quite modest. Their collars are high, their hemlines
low.

fly (n)
“cửa sổ”
an opening down the front of a pair of trousers/pants that fastens with a ZIP or buttons
and is usually covered over by a strip of material:
Your fly is undone! * Your flies are undone!
After I came, I held her in my arms and kissed her again. Naoko did up her bra and
blouse, and I zipped up my flies.

blouse (n)

sweater (n)
A sweater is a warm knitted piece of clothing which covers the
upper part of your body and your arms.
= jumper, pullover

jumper (n)

áo ngoài mặc chui đầu (của phụ nữ)

James Packer's bride-to-be Erica Baxter yesterday covered her engagement ring by
stretching her jumper over her hand as she walked to her car while being snapped by
photographers in Sydney

frock (n)
áo dài, áo choàng

dressy (a)
(of clothes) elegant and formal
diện sang trọng (quần áo)
For daytime office parties, von Adlerstein suggests modifying your normal work
outfit. "If you wear a suit to work, then wear a nice frock or dressy top underneath
your jacket so you can take the jacket off for a dressier look when you get to the
party."

blazer (n)
a jacket, not worn with matching trousers/pants, often showing the colours or
BADGE of a club, school, team, etc.

regimental tie (n)

tassle (n)
a bunch of threads that are tied together at one end and hang from cushions, curtains,
clothes, etc. as a decoration
tua hoa

While Naoko was speaking, her fingers unconsciously teased the tassel of the plume
grass, scattering its fibres to the wind.

cardigan (n)
áo len đan (có hoặc không tay)

A cardigan is a knitted woollen sweater that you can fasten at the

front with buttons or a zip.
The night air was cool. Reiko wore a pale blue cardigan over her shirt and walked
with her hands shoved in her jeans pockets.

windcheater (n)
a jacket designed to protect you from the wind

bathrobe (n)
a loose piece of clothing worn before and after taking a bath
Lending me a bathrobe to wear while my clothes dried, Midori changed into a polo
shirt and skirt.

incongruous (a)
không hợp, không tương xướng
strange, and not suitable in a particular situation:
Such traditional methods seem incongruous in our technical age.
The two of them made an incongruous couple.
Few of the 70,000 or so who gathered were older than teenagers and their uniforms
were so incongruous as to be unthreatening.

garb (n) = attire

(formal or humorous) clothes, especially unusual clothes or those worn by a particular
type of person:
military / prison garb
He was dressed in Chinese garb and sporting a pigtail.
Your attire is the clothes you are wearing. (FORMAL)
...seven women dressed in their finest attire.
dressed in formal evening attire

garment (n)
A garment is a piece of clothing; used especially in contexts where you are talking
about the manufacture or sale of clothes.
Many of the garments have the customers' name tags sewn into the linings.

linings (n)
lớp vải lót

sport (v)
to have or wear sth in a proud way so that everyone can see:
diện
to sport a beard / a diamond ring / a flower in your buttonhole

dress up (v)
to wear formal clothes, to dress very nicely
- We should definitely dress up to go to the theater.
- You don't have to dress up for Mike's party.

dress down (v)

dress down to wear clothes that are more informal than those you usually wear, for
example in an office
Thats the difference, In Australia , people in poor places dress down, and speak rough
and are more uncivilised

smart-casual (a)
clothes that are informal but clean, tidy and stylish
weave (v)
to move along by running and changing direction continuously to avoid things that are
in your way:
[V] She was weaving in and out of the traffic. *
raver (n)
(often humorous) a person who likes going out and who has an exciting social life:
She sounds like a right little raver.
press (n)
đám đông chen chúc
a large number of people or things competing for space or movement:
the press of bodies all moving the same way * Among the press of cars he glimpsed a
taxi.

a three-way press of humanity weaving to and fro: formal to smart casual to

backyard barbecue, assorted slicks and ravers from Heat nightclub upstairs

skimpy (a)
(of clothes) very small and not covering much of your body:
thiếu, không đủ
a skimpy dress
Sheik Taj el-Dene Elhilaly was the bloke who said women in skimpy fashions are
comparable to meat (and, very nicely put too, sheik, thankyouverymuch).

baggy (a)
(of clothes) fitting loosely; not tight:
a baggy T-shirt
rộng lùng thùng
"They come to see HIM," he says, and "him" to Charlie means the little tramp, with
baggy trousers and a cane

snazzy (a)
(informal) (of clothes, cars, etc.) fashionable, bright and modern, and attracting your
attention:
mốt; hợp thời trang (nhất là về quần áo)
a snazzy suit / car * snazzy graphics for the new computer game

designer (label) clothes:

đồ hiệu
# clothes more cheaply off the peg/rack or on the high street

Dress code
(Western)

• Formal
• Semi-formal
• Informal
• Smart casual
• Business casual
• Rugged attire
• Leisure attire
• Active attire

outfit (n)
a set of clothes for a particular occasion or purpose:
She was wearing an expensive new outfit. * a wedding outfit

dishevelled (a)
(AmE usually disheveled) adjective (of hair, clothes or sb's general appearance) very
untidy:
He looked tired, dishevelled and very pale.
đầu tóc rối bời
sanitize (v)
(disapproving) to remove the parts of sth that could be considered unpleasant:
làm nhẹ bớt
This sanitized account of his life does not mention his time in prison
But those images of Saddam, wearing western-style suits and with his beard trimmed,
tend to sanitise the more memorable and rawer footage of his capture in December
2003 — dirty and dishevelled after months on the run, some of which was spent in a
hole in the ground near his tribal hometown of Tikrit

stark (a)
very different to sth in a way that is easy to see:
stark alternatives / differences * Social divisions in the city are stark. * The good
weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks.
maze (n)
mê cung
tartan (n)
vải len kẻ ô vuông (của người Ê-cốt)
At Melbourne's Alexandra Gardens the scene was starkly different — a maze of tartan
picnic blankets, prams, toddlers and not an underage drinker in sight
embroider (v)  (n)
~ A (on B) | ~ B (with A) to decorate fabric with a pattern of stitches usually using
coloured thread:
thêu
[VN] an embroidered blouse * She embroidered flowers on the cushion covers. * She
embroidered the cushion cover with flowers. * The sleeves were embroidered in gold.
[also V]
embroidery (n)

crisp (a)
(of paper or fabric) fresh and clean; new and slightly stiff without any folds in it:
mới cứng
a crisp new $5 bill * a crisp white shirt
In the cockpit, pilot Scott Cowan in his crisp white uniform got clearance for take-off.
It was 1.45pm.

matching (a)
(of clothing, fabric, objects, etc.) having the same colour, pattern, style, etc. and
therefore looking attractive together:
a pine table with four matching chairs
scamper (v)
(especially of children or small animals) to move quickly with short light steps
A group of boys with baseball bats and matching uniforms scampered around inside
the carriage.

clash (v)
~ (with sth) (of colours, patterns or styles) to look ugly when put together:
chõi, chẳng ăn nhập gì với nhau
The wallpaper clashes with the carpet. * The wallpaper and the carpet clash. * Do you
think these colours clash?

scruffy (a)
(scruffier, scruffiest) (informal) dirty or untidy:
He looked a little scruffy. * She was wearing a scruffy pair of jeans.
The two of us - Hatsumi in her chic dress and I in
my blue blazer and regimental tie - clashed with the scruffy pool hall, but this didn't
seem to concern Hatsumi at all as she chose and chalked her cue

denim (n)
a strong cotton fabric that is usually blue and is used for making clothes, especially
JEANS:
a denim jacket
The rain fell without a break, without a sound, soaking her hair and mine, running like
tears down our cheeks, down to her denim jacket and my yellow nylon windcheater,
spreading in dark stains.

linen (n)
a fabric made from FLAX, used to make high quality clothes, sheets, etc:
vải
a linen shirt / tablecloth
We bought a good-sized towel in the linen department and took turns going into the
bathroom to dry our hair

lace (n)
đăng ten

sartorial (a)
(formal) relating to clothes, especially men's clothes, and the way they are made or
worn:
He is known for his sartorial elegance. * sartorial preferences / tastes
Sartorial concerns aside, Cool Biz saved about 79,000 tons of carbon dioxide in 2005.

NATURE
spectacle (n)
cảnh tượng, quang cảnh
behold (v)
to look at or see sb/sth:
ngắm nhìn
Her face was a joy to behold. * They beheld a bright star shining in the sky.
Like that other famous rock in Australia - Uluru - Hanging Rock is a beautiful
spectacle to behold, especially on misty late-autumn mornings or during stunning
summer sunsets

volcanic eruption (n)

sự phun núi lửa

nebula (n)
(astronomy) a mass of dust or gas that can be seen in the night sky, often appearing
very bright; a bright area in the night sky caused by a large cloud of stars that are far
away
tinh vân

equator (n)  (a)

xính đạo
equatorial (a)

longitude (n)
kinh độ

latitude (n)
vĩ độ
meteorite (n)
thiên thạch

asteroid (n)
any one of the many small planets which go around the sun

comet (n)
sao chổi

grandeur (n)
vẻ hùng vĩ, vẻ trang nghiêm, vẻ huy hoàng
sự vĩ đại, sự lớn lao
the grandeur of nature

breathtaking (a)
very exciting or impressive (usually in a pleasant way); very surprising:
rất hấp dẫn, ngoạn mục
a breathtaking view of the mountains
The scene was one of breathtaking beauty.
He spoke with breathtaking arrogance

cityscape (n)
view of city: a view of a city or town landscape
The film explores how these themes combine at certain stages in life, against the
background of highly modern Japanese cityscapes.

feral (a)
(of animals) living wild, especially after escaping from life as a pet or on a farm:
hoang dã
feral cats * (figurative) He looked at me with a feral grin (= like a wild animal).
So when the first pictures of Rochom P'ngieng, the woman supposedly lost in the
jungle for 19 years, emerged showing a calm and apparently healthy young woman
rather than an emaciated, feral beast, the mystery surrounding her remarkable story
deepened.

rumble (v) (n)

to make a long deep sound or series of sounds:
làm ầm ầm, tiếng ầm ầm
The machine rumbled as it started up.
thunder rumbling in the distance

LIGHT
shimmer (v) (n)
tỏa sáng lung linh
a shimmer of moonlight in the dark sky
GEOLOGY
lapidary (a)
(thuộc) nghệ thuật chạm trổ đá, (thuộc) nghệ thuật khắc ngọc
I didn’t know much about the lapidary process until I read your article on gems

permeable (a)
~ (to sth) (technical) allowing a liquid or gas to pass through:
( # (a)
impermeable ( (a)

impervious (a)
~ (to sth) (technical) not allowing a liquid or gas to pass through:
an impervious rock / layer
impervious to moisture

facet (n)
mặt (kim cương)

boulder (n)
tảng đá mòn
a very large rock which has been shaped by water or the weather:
huge granite boulders underneath the cliff * fallen rocks and boulders
The body was "in a cave between boulders and trees'', he said, and well off the
section of track where David was last seen.

equator (n)
đường xích đạo

aquifer (n)
(geology) a layer of rock or soil that can absorb and hold water
(địa lý,địa chất) lớp ngậm nước, tầng ngậm nước
Not much, it seems. Between 1983-84 and 1996-97 Victorians took 39 per cent more
water from rivers, and 202 per cent more water from underground aquifers.

sediment (n)
(geology) sand, stones, mud, etc. carried by water or wind and left, for example, on
the bottom of a lake, river, etc.
trầm tích

meridian (n)
one of the lines that is drawn from the North Pole to the South Pole on a map of the
world
(đường kinh tuyến)

topography (n)
địa thế, địa hình
a map showing the topography of the island

aftershock (n)
dư chấn
Xinhua said repair work was likely to be hampered by aftershocks expected to
continue for up to a week

seismic (a)
connected with or caused by earthquakes:
seismic data / waves
Using US and Canadian satellite images, as well as data from seismic monitors,
Copland discovered that the ice shelf collapsed in the early afternoon of August 13,
2005

erupt (v)
phun (núi lửa)
torrential (a)
như thác, cuồn cuộn
Volcanoes erupted, spewing gases, and violent thunderstorms produced torrential
rainfall that covered the Earth

WEATHER
treacherous (a)
dangerous, especially when seeming safe:
The ice on the roads made driving conditions treacherous.

sticky (a)
(informal) (of a person) feeling hot and uncomfortable
SYN SWEATY:
She felt hot and sticky after six hours on the bus.

haze (n)
air that is difficult to see through because it contains very small drops of water,
especially caused by hot weather:
a heat haze
 hazy (a)
The mountains were hazy in the distance.
The room was hazy with smoke.

inclemency (n)
tính khắc nghiệt
inn (n)
quán trọ
a pub, usually in the country and often one where people can stay the night
When I was thirteen years of age we all went on a party of pleasure to the baths near
Thonon; the inclemency of the weather obliged us to remain a day confined to the inn.

leaden (a)
dull, heavy or slow:
xám xịt
UNDER Moscow's leaden skies, an army gathered on a central avenue of the former
capital of the Soviet Empire to declare its loyalty to the state.

shattering (a)
very loud
SYN DEAFENING:
crash (n)
a sudden loud noise made, for example, by sth falling or breaking:
a shattering crash of thunder

freakish (a)
very strange, unusual or unexpected:
freakish weather / behaviour
Are you saying it is somehow freakish to want to stay single?

acclimatize (v)
~ (yourself) (to sth) to get used to a new place, situation or climate:
[V] Arrive two days early in order to acclimatize. * It takes many months to
acclimatize to life in the tropics.
For those who are new to not drinking, the period of acclimatising in the social scene
can be extremely bumpy.

cold snap (n)

(informal) a sudden short period of very cold weather
đợt rét đột ngột
The cold snap, across Victoria, which follows sweltering conditions less than a week
ago, is tipped to continue

swelter (v)  (a)

to be very hot in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable:
nóng oi ả, nóng ngột ngạt
Passengers sweltered in temperatures of over 90F.

sweltering (a)
The cold snap, across Victoria, which follows sweltering conditions less than a week
ago, is tipped to continue

prevailing wind (n)

the prevailing wind in an area is the one that blows over it most frequently:
The prevailing wind here is from the east.
Prevailing winds could then send the ice island southwards, deep into the Beaufort
Sea

boiling (a)
very hot:
You must be boiling in that sweater! * a boiling hot day

breezy (a)
with the wind blowing quite strongly:
có gió hiu hiu
mát, thoáng gió (chỗ)
It was a bright, breezy day. * the breezy east coast

fluffly (a)
looking as if it is soft and light:
fluffy white clouds

parched (a)
làm (đất, người) khô nẻ (mặt trời, cơn khát)
very dry, especially because the weather is hot:
large areas of dry parched land * soil parched by drought

buffet (v)
to knock or push sb/sth roughly from side to side:
to be buffeted by the wind * (figurative, formal) The nation had been buffeted by a
wave of strikes.

buffeting (n)
sự đánh túi bụi
The tiny boat was ill-equipped for the buffeting it got from the wind and the rain.

gale (n)
an extremely strong wind:
The gale blew down hundreds of trees.
grip (n)
~ (on sb/sth) control or power over sb/sth:
The home team took a firm grip on the game in the second half. * Our main objective
now is to tighten the grip we have on the market.
The harmony of the wind on a small gap in the window frame. The counter melody of
the compalining roof tibers as the gale tries to loosen their grip

blistering (a)
extremely hot in a way that is uncomfortable:
a blistering July day * blistering heat

crescent moon
trăng khuyết

full moon
trăng tròn

Dusk was falling

PLANTS
lush (a)
tươi tốt, sum sê
greenery (n)
cây cỏ, cây xanh để trang trí
Plants that make a place look attractive are referred to as greenery.
They have ordered a bit of greenery to brighten up the new wing at Guy's Hospital.
As it became dark, the enemy quit shooting and melted into the greenery of lush
jungle.

treetop (n)
the branches at the top of a tree:
ngọn cây
stared into the sky through the treetops. I sought an answer to this pain. None was
forthcoming.

husk (n)
cỏ khô (của trái cây), vỏ (hạt); trấu (thóc, lúa)
lá bao (ở bắp ngô)
Brown rice has not had the husks removed.

profuse (a)
produced in large amounts:
có nhiều, thừa thãi, dồi dào, vô khối
The flowers are profuse in spring.

woods (n)
rừng
The naked body of 24-year-old Anneli Alderton was spotted in the woods on
December 10, after initially being mistaken for a discarded mannequin

luxuriant (a)
(of plants or hair) growing thickly and strongly in a way that is attractive:
sum suê, um tùm
luxuriant vegetation / foliage * thick, luxuriant hair

grove (n)
(literary) a small group of trees:
lùm cây, khu rừng nhỏ
a grove of birch trees

orchid (n)
a plant with brightly coloured flowers of unusual shapes. There are many different
types of orchid and some of them are very rare.
cây lan, cây phong lan

orchard (n)
a piece of land, normally enclosed, in which fruit trees are grown:
vường cây ăn quả
apple orchards

idyll (n)
(written) a happy and peaceful place, event or experience, especially one connected
with the countryside
cảnh đồng quê, cảnh điền viên
A colonial idyll at the mouth of the river Nahoon, East London, Cape Province,
around 1930. While the British waged wars with the Afrikaners, the Xhosa and the
Zulus during the 19th and 20th centeries, there was still time and space for wives and
children to enjoy the beauty of the Cape.

drip (v)
(of liquid) to fall in small drops:
She was hot and sweat dripped into her eyes. * Water was dripping down the walls.

From January 1, the use of hoses to clean cars is banned and drip-watering systems
for gardens are permitted for only four hours a day on two fixed days a week

malign (v)
(written) to say bad things about sb/sth publicly:
nói xấu, phỉ báng, vu khống
She feels she has been much maligned by the press.

Adam Richards, owner of the turf laying company Mr Turf, reckons the humble lawn
is too often maligned as nothing more than a sponge for precious water

propagate (v)
(technical) to produce new plants from a parent plant:
sinh sôi, nảy nở
[VN] The plant can be propagated from seed. * [V] Plants won't propagate in these
conditions.

sow (v)
gieo (hạt)

reap (v)
gặt

harvest (v)
thu hoạch

agricultural implements
nông cụ

pot plant, house plant (n)

a plant that you grow in a pot and keep indoors
dodge (v)
to move quickly and suddenly to one side in order to avoid sb/sth:
tránh, né
We've all seen dreadful and hilarious events at Christmas parties. One friend dodged
pot plants thrown during a fight over a girl.

perennial (n)
any plant that lives for more than two years
Zoe Monotti took the radical step two years ago of ripping out an established,
traditional garden with a large lawn surrounded by beds of shrubs, perennials and
roses.

exuberant (a)
(of plants, etc.) strong and healthy; growing quickly and well:
sum suê, um tùm
the exuberant growth of high summer

rustle (v)
kêu xào xạc, kêu sột soạt
snatch (n)
đoạn, khúc
a very small part of a conversation or some music that you hear
SYN SNIPPET:
a snatch of music * I only caught snatches of the conversation
A puff of wind swept across the meadow and through her hair before it slipped into
the woods to rustle branches and send back snatches of distant barking

withered (a)
úa, tàn, héo
(of plants) dried up and dead:
withered leaves
Our rubber-soled shoes made hardly any sound on the pavement, except for the dry
crackling when we trod on the broad, withered sycamore leaves.

a stand of trees
một rặng cây
We cut across the meadow, through a stand of trees, and across another meadow.

a frond of plume grass

một ngọn cỏ mận

Trees
mistletoe (n)
cây tầm gửi

lichen (n)
a very small grey or yellow plant that spreads over the surface of rocks, walls and
trees and does not have any flowers
địa y

pine (n)
cây thông

willow (n)
(thực vật học) cây liễu
I dreamed of willows. Both sides of a mountain road were lined with willows.

poppy (n)
(plural poppies) a wild or garden plant, with a large delicate flower that is usually red,
and small black seeds. OPIUM is obtained from one type
of poppy:
(thực vật học) cây thuốc phiện
poppy fields / seeds

shoot (n)
the part that grows up from the ground when a plant starts to grow; a new part that
grows on plants or trees:
măng, chồi cây
new green shoots * bamboo shoots
'What are those long green things?' he asks, watching her as she scrambles to pick
them up. Has he never seen bamboo shoots before?

mangrove (n)
a tropical tree that grows in mud or at the edge of rivers and sends roots down from its
branches:
cây đước
mangrove swamps

reed (n)
sậy
croak (v)
kêu ộp ộp (ếch nhái)
Thousands of frogs croaked in the reeds by the riverbank.

prickle (n)
(thực vật học) gai (trên cây)

mangrove (n)
a tropical tree that grows in mud or at the edge of rivers and sends roots down from its
branches:
cây đước
mangrove swamps

Fruits
pluck (v)
1/ hái (trái, hoa)
I plucked a lemon from the tree...

beet (n)
củ cải đường

garlic clove (n)

múi tỏi

green onion (n)

hành (bình thường nhất)

onion (n)
củ hành

lychee (n)
vải

longan (n)
nhãn

rambutan (n)
chôm chôm

aubergine (n), eggplant (n)

a large vegetable with shiny dark purple skin and soft white flesh
cà tím

radish (n)
(thực vật học) củ cải

lettuce (n)
rau diếp
cabbage (n)
cải bắp

celery (n)
cần tây

sweet potato (n)

khoai lang

yam (n)
khoai mỡ

yam, sweet potatoes (n)

khoai lang

bell pepper (n)

ớt Đà Lạt

asparagus (n)
măng tây

dragon fruit (n)

trái thanh long

starfruit (n)
trái khế

papaya (n)
cây đu đủ, quả đu đủ

tamarind (n)
cây, trái me

magosteen (n)
măng cụt

pomegranate (n)
trái lựu

persimmon (n)
trái hồng

fig (n)
trái sung

marrow (n)
trái bí

sapodilla (n)
trái sa pô chê

apple custard, sweet sop (n)

mãng cầu

soursop (n)
mãng cầu xiêm

water spinach (n)

rau muống

jackfruit (n)
mít

passionfruit (n)
dưa gang

chayote (n)
su su, su hào

bitter melon, bitter gourd (n)

ổ qua

guava (n)
ổi

water apple (n)

mận

langsat (n)
bòn bon

acerola (n)
sê ri

pomelo (n)
bưởi

Spondias cytherea (n)

cóc

basil (n)
rau quế

lemon grass (n)

xả

saw leaf herb

ngò gai
cilantro (n)
ngò

Flowers
flamboyant (n)
hoa phượng

jasmine (n)
hoa lài

peach (n)
hoa đào

bougainvillaea (n)
hoa giấy

chrysanthemum (n)
a large, brightly coloured garden flower that is shaped like a ball and made up of
many long narrow PETALS
hoa cúc
If I could be the king of the flowers, I would allow the chrysanthemum to bloom with
the peach blossom; The fragrance (of the chrysanthemum) would fill Chang'an City

1. Hoa cúc tây:******************* Aster

2. Hoa lan dạ hương:************** Bluebell
3. Hoa cẩm chướng: ************** Carnation
4. Hoa cúc: ********************* Chrysanthemum
5. Hoa nghệ tây: ***************** Crocus
6. Hoa thủy tiên vàng: ************ Daffodil
7. Hoa thược dược: *************** Dahlia
8. Hoa cúc dại: ****************** Daisy
9. Hoa bồ công anh: ************** Dandelion
10. Hoa lưu ly:******************* Forget-me-not
11. Hoa địa hoàng: *************** Fox glove
12. Hoa lao kèn: ***************** Lily
13. Hoa lay ơn: ****************** Gladiolus
14. Hoa tử đinh hương: ************ Lilac
15. Hoa lan chuông: ************** Lily-of-the-valley
16. Hoa sen: ******************** Lotus
17. Hoa đậu trắng: *************** Lupin
18. Hoa cúc vạn thọ:************** Marigold
19. Hoa thủy tiên: **************** Narcissus
20. Hoa phong lan: *************** Orchid
21. Hoa bướm: ****************** Pansy
22. Hoa mẫu đơn: *************** Peony
23. Hoa nữ hoàng đồng nội : ******* Queen-of-the-medow
24. Hoa đỗ quyên: *************** Rhododendron
25. Hoa hồng: ****************** Rose
26. Hoa giọt tuyết: ************** Snowdrop
27. Hoa hướng dương:************ Sunflower
28. Hoa đậu: ******************* Sweet pea
29. Hoa uất kim hương: ********** Tulip
30. Hoa tím dại: **************** Violet
31. Hoa quế trúc:*************** Wall-flower
32. Hoa súng: ***************** Water-lily
33. Hoa oải hương tím nhạt:****** Lavender

pluck (v)
1/ hái (trái, hoa)
I plucked a lemon from the tree...

blossom (v), flower (v):

nở hoa
Rain begins to fall and peach trees blossom.
Several of these rhododendrons will flower this year for the first
time.

petal (n)
cánh hoa
...bowls of dried rose petals.

stamen (n)
nhụy hoa
The stamens of a flower are the small, delicate stalks which grow
at the flower's centre and produce pollen. (TECHNICAL)

bunch (n)
bó (hoa)
She picked me a bunch of flowers.

ANIMAL
owl (n)
con cú

pelican (n)
con bồ nông

rhinocerous (n)
con tê giác
toad (n)
con cóc

walrus (n)
con hải ly

ostrich (n)
đà điểu

giraffe (n)
hưu cao cổ

cheetah (n)
con báo

canary (n)
chim hoàng yến

flap (v)
đập cánh, vỗ cánh
move quickly
if a bird flaps its wings, or if its wings flap, they move quickly up and down:
[VN] The bird flapped its wings and flew away. * [V] The gulls flew off, wings
flapping.

flit (v)
chuyền cành (chim)
(from A to B) | ~ (between A and B) to move lightly and quickly from one place or
thing to another:
Butterflies flitted from flower to flower. * He flits from one job to another.
Red dragonflies flitted around the quadrangle, chased by neighbourhood kids
swinging nets.

forage (v)
(especially of an animal) to search for food:
Instead of doing what comes naturally - foraging in the open air and creating a nest in
which to give birth - many pregnant sows end up in sow stalls so small they can't turn
around or take more than a step back…

scavenge (v)
~ (for sth) (of a person, an animal or a bird) to search through waste for things that
can be used or eaten:
tìm, bới (thức ăn)
[VN] Much of their furniture was scavenged from other people's garbage
The dogs, whose instinct is to scavenge everything within sniff, have had their
natures drubbed out of them by the master's training

rummage (v)
to move things around carelessly while searching for sth:
She was rummaging around in her bag for her keys. * I rummaged through the
contents of the box until I found the book I wanted.
"The tools are out there" for hackers and thieves to rummage through deleted data on
used phones

sow (n)
lợn cái

stall (n)
chuồng (ngựa, trâu, bò…)

battery (n)
dãy chuồng nuôi gà nhốt
Conditions for many female pigs raised in sheds are similar to those of battery hens,
Voiceless says.

feline (a) (n)

(formal) a cat; an animal of the cat family
…the first feline to circumnavigate Australia

reindeer (n)
tuần lộc, nai tuyết

lurk (v)
to wait somewhere secretly, especially because you are going to do sth bad or illegal:
A crocodile was lurking just below the surface.
Jiang Chan, after discovering her true identity, goes berserk and rushes out of the
palace halls to her death along with her pursuing mother, both killed by the black
assassins still lurking outside

mole (n)
chuột chũi

hatch (v) (n)

ấp trứng

animal sounds: baa, bark, bray, growl, grunt, hiss, howl, meow, mew, moo, neigh,
oink, purr, roar, snarl, squeak, squeal, whinny, woof, yap, yelp

bird sounds: trill, caw, cheep, chirp, chirrup, cluck, coo, peep, quack, screech,
squawk, twitter, warble

amphibian (n)
loài lưỡng cư

marsupial (n)
động vật có túi
castrate (v)
to remove the TESTICLES of a male animal or person
thiến

ram (n)
cừu đực
a male sheep
compare EWE

ewe (n)
a female sheep

blowfly (n)
ruồi xanh, nhặng

footrot (n)
bệnh lở chân
The smell of footrot is particularly attractive to flies especially blowflies and often the
fleece over the chest wall becomes contaminated from the infected foot when the
sheep lies down

hatch (n) (v)

sự nở (trứng)
Fly eggs, once laid, hatch within a few hours or days.

rump (n)
mông đít
While the lamb is under restraint, the wrinkled skin in the animal's breech (rump area)
is cut away from the perianal region down to the top of the hindlimbs

lamb (n)
cừu non

baboon (n)
khỉ đầu chó

porpoise (n)
a sea animal that looks like a large fish with a pointed mouth. Porpoises are similar to
DOLPHINS but smaller.
chirp (n) (v)
(of small birds and some insects) to make short high sounds:
kêu chíp chíp
The sparrows / crickets were chirping.
We don't send out chirps like bats or porpoises, but we do use passive reflections from
the environment to pinpoint things

salamander (n)
an animal like a LIZARD, with short legs and a long tail, that lives both on land and
in water (= is an AMPHIBIAN)
con kì nhông
python (n)
a large tropical snake that kills animals for food by winding its long body around
them and crushing them
con trăn

mane (n)
bờm (ngựa, sư tử)
the long hair on the neck of a horse or a lion

pelt (n)
the skin of an animal, especially with the fur or hair still on it
The trick was to disguise yourself so well that no one would know who you were.
They often incorporated animal pelts in their disguise (thus, peltznickle).

minnow (n)
a very small FRESHWATER fish
limpid (a)
(literary) (of liquids, etc.) clear
SYN TRANSPARENT:
limpid eyes / water * She gave him a look of limpid honesty.
Then she turns to me and smiles, and tilts her head just a little, and begins to speak,
and she looks into my
eyes as if trying to catch the image of a minnow that has darted across the pool of a
limpid spring.

cicada (n)
con ve sầu
desiccated (a)
dried: free from moisture, or preserved by drying (used of products, especially food)
The desiccated corpses of cicadas that had died at the end of summer littered the
surface of the path, crunching beneath our shoes

huddle (v)
(of people or animals) to gather closely together, usually because of cold or fear:
túm tụm vào với nhau
We huddled together for warmth. * They all huddled around the fire. * People
huddled up close to each other.

roost (n)
a place where birds sleep
I opened the window, took off my jacket and sat on the bed. I could hear pigeons
cooing in a nearby roost.

paw (n)
the foot of an animal that has CLAWS or nails
The villagers follow the story with music and dance, leaving Jaguar Paw to ponder

aviary (n)
chuồng chim
cub (n)
a young bear, lion, FOX, etc:
a lioness guarding her cubs
tumble (v)
lộn nhào
He slipped and tumbled down the stairs.
"You're walking through a field all by yourself one day in spring, and this sweet little
bear cub with velvet fur and shiny little eyes comes walking along. And he says to
you, "Hi, there, little lady. Want to tumble with me?'

perch (n)
a place where a bird rests, especially a branch or bar for this purpose, for example in a
bird's cage
sào để chim đậu, cành để chim đậu
Only the crows were on their usual rooftop perch, glaring down at the street.

swine (n)
(swine) [pl.] (old use or technical) pigs:
a herd of swine * swine fever (= a disease of pigs)

herd (n)
a group of animals of the same type that live and feed together:
bầy, đàn (vật nuôi)
a herd of cows / deer / elephants * a beef / dairy herd
…his daughter, who disappeared, aged eight, in 1988 while tending a buffalo herd,
had mysteriously re-emerged from the Cambodian jungle

flock (n)
~ (of sth) a group of sheep, goats or birds of the same type

at bay
when an animal that is being hunted is at bay, it must turn and face the dogs and
HUNTERS because it is impossible to escape from them
bị dồn vào nước đường cùng

cuttlefish (n)
con mực
dried cuttlefish
khô mực
a schoolboy saw an old woman selling grilled and dried cuttlefish on the sidewalk

dragonfly (n)
con chuồn chuồn

porcupine (n)
con nhím

den (n)
hang (thú dữ)
otter (n)
con rái cá

rump (n)
the round area of flesh at the top of the back legs of an animal that has four legs:
(mông đít của thú, phao câu của chim)
He slapped the horse on the rump

TERRAIN
ravine (n)
khe núi, hẻm núi
News stations in the US are reporting that searchers have found a pair of Kim's pants
at the bottom of a ravine, which has heightened fears for his safety.

rugged (a)
ghồ ghề, lởm chởm, xù xì
Searchers have located the body of missing technology reporter James Kim in a
rugged area in the US north-west.

hinterland (n)
the areas of a country that are away from the coast, from the banks of a large river or
from the main cities:
nội địa
the rural / agricultural hinterland

topography (n)
(technical) the physical features of an area of land, especially the position of its rivers,
mountains, etc.; the study of these features:
địa hình
a map showing the topography of the island

monolith (n)
a large single upright block of stone, especially one that was shaped into a column by
people living in ancient times, and that may have had some religious meaning
đá nguyên khối
sandstone (n)
sa thạch
But today we reached Ayers Rock, or Uluru as the Aborigines call it. The red
sandstone monolith rises 1,143 feet above the plain.

oasis (n)
an area in the desert where there is water and where plants grow
ốc đảo

arctic (a)
giá rét, lạnh giá
arctic area

sublime (a)
hùng vĩ

rugged (a)
ghồ ghề
South Australian firefighters, hampered by strong winds and rugged terrain, are
continuing to battle a blaze in the state's mid-north.

prairie (n)
a flat wide area of land in N. America and Canada, without many trees and originally
covered with grass
đồng cỏ, thảo nguyên
House on the Prairie'

canyon (n)
a deep valley with steep sides of rock:
hẻm núi
the Grand Canyon in Arizona

panorama (n)
a view of a wide area of land:
toàn cảnh
 panoramic (a)
gorge (n)
a deep narrow valley with steep sides
They paused at Trophy Point to admire the panoramic view of the Hudson River
gorge

ravine (n)
a deep, very narrow valley with steep sides
hẻm núi
A cyclist who fell up to 40 metres down a ravine in Victoria's rugged north-east today
is hospitalised with possible spinal injuries

abyss (n)
vực thẳm

gully (n)
a small, narrow channel, usually formed by a stream or by rain
We'll need to scramble up a rocky gully, do a bit of basic rock climbing, ... After
climbing a small rock to reach the top of the gully, we descend into

chasm (n)
(literary) a deep crack or opening in the ground
~ (between A and B) (formal) a very big difference between two people or groups, for
example because they have different attitudes:
the yawning chasm of the generation gap

gulch (n)
(especially AmE) a narrow valley with steep sides, that was formed by a fast stream
flowing through it
khe sâu

a large crack or opening in the ground, rocks or clouds:

Through a rift in the clouds we could see a beautiful blue sky. * The volcano was in a
remote area of the northern rift, accessible only by helicopter.

Glacier (n),
a large mass of ice, formed by snow on mountains, that moves very slowly down a
valley
sông băng

crevasse (n)
kẽ nứt, chỗ nẻ (khối băng, sông băng)
We were skiing down about 200 to 300 metres and ending up on a glacier, but where
the slope meets the glacier there is often a deep ice crevasse

crevice (n)
a narrow crack in a rock or wall:
Most of the year the insects are hidden in rock crevices.
Searchers found the 17-year-old bushwalker's body yesterday, wedged in a crevice on
a steep incline just off a walking track south of Katoomba
wedge (v)
to put or squeeze sth tightly into a narrow space, so that it cannot move easily:
kẹt vào
The boat was now wedged between the rocks. * She wedged herself into the
passenger seat. * The phone was wedged under his chin.

atoll (n)
đảo san hô vòng
an island made of CORAL and shaped like a ring with a lake of sea water (called a
LAGOON) in
the middle
lagoon (n)
(AmE) a small area of fresh water near a lake or river:
We loved to go swimming in the lagoon.
Elevated cottage nestled among trees, short walk to beach and lagoon

plateau (n)
an area of flat land that is higher than the land around it
cao nguyên
Winter snowfall on the Tibetan plateau can influence the number and severity of
typhoons the following year.

hinterland (n)
nội địa
the rural / agricultural hinterland

barren (a)
(of land or soil) not good enough for plants to grow on it:
cằn cỗi (đất)
a barren desert * a barren landscape (= one that is bare, with few plants)
… but imagine being in there - perhaps hearing the fire roar overhead and wondering
what you're going to see when you emerge - homes lost, and the landscape ashen and
barren

meadow (n)
a field covered in grass, used especially for HAY:
water meadows (= near a river)
Eighteen years have gone by, and still I can bring back every detail of that day in the
meadow.

meandering (a)
uốn lượn, quanh co
We kept walking all over Tokyo in the same meandering way, climbing hills, crossing
rivers and railway lines, just walking and walking with no destination in mind

cavern (n)
a CAVE, especially a large one:
The underground cavern was formed where water used to flow.
Something inside me had dropped away, and nothing came in to fill the empty cavern.

bog (n)
(an area of) wet soft ground, formed of decaying plants:
a peat bog
seealso BOGGY
vùng lầy, đầm lầy
Thinking back on the year 1969, all that comes to mind for me is a swamp - a deep,
sticky bog that feels as if it's going to suck off my shoe each time I take a step.

slab (n)
a thick flat piece of stone, wood or other hard material:
phiến đá
a slab of marble / concrete * The road was paved with smooth stone slabs. * paving
slabs
It cannot be missed by anyone ascending the stairs under the enormous suspended
slab that gives the place its evocative name, Hanging Rock

WATER

Catchments (n)
the area from which rain flows into a particular river or lake
Melbourne's water storage is more than 14 per cent better off than at this time last
year, with two smaller catchments now full, according to Melbourne Water
Chronometer (n)
a very accurate clock, especially one used at sea

levee (n)
con đê

run-off (n)
rain, water or other liquid that runs off land into streams and rivers:
Agricultural run-off containing pesticides is polluting the river.
Less snow and rain fell on the mountains, so less run-off came down into the rivers.

soak (v)
thấm
intercept (v)
chắn
On farms, rain soaked into the thirsty soil, or was intercepted by dams

stagnant (a)
ứ đọng, tù hãm
stagnant water or air is not moving and therefore smells unpleasant

murky (a)
đục ngầu
We watched buildings collapsing and cars floating in the murky torrent
I couldn't begin to grasp what he might be thinking or feeling in the murky depths of
his consciousness

watercourse (n)
(technical) a stream or an artificial channel for water
The search has included watercourses and four-wheel-drive tracks in the Kedumba
and Jamison valleys.

cascade (v)
to flow downwards in large amounts:
Water cascaded down the mountainside.
đổ xuống, chảy xuống như thác
Much of the water is cascading through holes in the ice and lubricating its interface
with the underlying rock.

glacier (n)  (a)

a large mass of ice, formed by snow on mountains, that moves very slowly down a
valley

glacial (a)
(technical) caused or made by glaciers; connected with glaciers:
a glacial landscape
glacial deposits / erosion
glacial processes
Is this the prelude to a collapse? No one can say, but the data is consistent with
massively accelerated glacial movement or increased meltdown.

estuary (n)
the wide part of a river where it flows into the sea:
cửa sông
the Thames estuary

icicle (n)
nhủ băng
a pointed piece of ice that is formed when water freezes as it falls down from sth such
as a roof

turquoise (a)
a greenish-blue colour
màu lam
placid (a)
calm and peaceful, with very little movement:
the placid waters of the lake
Some people had only just summoned the courage to go back onto the sand after
months in which now-placid turquoise waters seemed to promise only more death.

ditch (n)
a long channel dug at the side of a field or road, to hold or take away water:
hào, rãnh, mương
The car left the road and ended up in a ditch.

flurry (n)
a small amount of snow, rain, etc. that falls for a short time and then stops:
snow flurries * flurries of snow
SHOPPING centre operators are using the Melbourne 2030 strategy as a blueprint for
development with a flurry of projects planned for designated growth

The snow flakes

tuyết rơi

snowflake (n)
bông tuyết

avalanche (n)
a mass of snow, ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain
tuyết lở
A rising young snowboarding star from Melbourne has been killed in the Austrian
Alps after triggering an avalanche that swept him into a glacier crevasse

turquoise (a)
a greenish-blue colour
màu lam
placid (a)
calm and peaceful, with very little movement:
the placid waters of the lake
Some people had only just summoned the courage to go back onto the sand after
months in which now-placid turquoise waters seemed to promise only more death.

flout (v)
to show that you have no respect for a law, etc. by openly not obeying it
SYN DEFY:
coi thường
Motorists regularly flout the law. * to flout authority / convention
trickle (n)
a small amount of liquid, flowing slowly:
There was a trickle of blood at the corner of his mouth.
As of January 1, anyone caught flouting stage 3 water restrictions repeatedly will be
left with just a trickle of water — not even enough for a shower
Mr Enright said water could be cut to a trickle — enough to cook with, but not
sufficient for showering.

splash (n)
the sound of sth hitting liquid or of liquid hitting sth:
tiếng (nước) bắn, tiếng (sóng) vỗ
We heard the splash when she fell into the pool.
It has paid $300,000 to access an aquifer in Werribee to keep the industry — and the
tradition of a backyard splash — alive

slush (n)
partly melted snow that is usually dirty:
tuyết tan
In the city the clean white snow had turned to grey slush.
I hope it’s not slushy snow/hail and high wind

drench (v)
~ sb/sth (in / with sth) to make sb/sth completely wet:
làm ướt sũng, làm ướt sạch
We were caught in the storm and got drenched to the skin. * His face was drenched
with sweat.
She drank two whisky and cokes, and stayed on the dance floor until her forehead was
drenched in sweat

soggy (a)
(soggier, soggiest) wet and soft, usually in a way that is unpleasant:
đẫm nước, sũng nước; ẩm
We squelched over the soggy ground. * soggy bread / cornflakes
You'd yell at the top of your lungs, but nobody would hear you, and you couldn't
expect anyone to find you, and you'd have centipedes and spiders crawling all over
you, and the bones of the ones who died before are scattered all around you, and it's
dark and soggy, and high overhead there's this tiny, tiny circle of light like a winter
moon. You die there in this place, little by little, all by yourself."

ripple (n)
a small wave on the surface of a liquid, especially water in a lake, etc:
The air was so still that there was hardly a ripple on the pond's surface.
You knew it was raining only because of the ripples on puddles and the sound of
dripping from the eaves
bracing (a)
(especially of weather) making you feel full of energy because it is cold:
bracing sea air
The report of this unusual case last September was just the latest shock from a bracing
new field, the science of consciousness

stifle (v)
to feel unable to breathe, or to make sb unable to breathe, because it is too hot and/or
there is no fresh air:
ngột ngạt, khó thở
[V] I felt I was stifling in the airless room. * [VN] Most of the victims were stifled by
the fumes.
That gave birth to the Cool Biz policy in 2005, under which offices save energy by
keeping summer temperatures at a stifling 82.4°F (28°C).

confluence (n)
(technical) the place where two rivers flow together and become one:
chỗ hợp dòng, ngã ba sông
the confluence of the Blue Nile and the White Nile

rapids (n)
part of a river where the water flows very fast, usually over rocks:
thác ghềnh
to shoot the rapids (= to travel quickly over them in a boat)

reef (n)
a long line of rocks or sand near the surface of the sea:
đá ngầm
a coral reef * the Great Barrier Reef
…until Chinese engineers began blasting the rapids and reefs on the upper Mekong so
that large boats could take Chinese-manufactured goods to markets in Southeast Asia.
MARITIME
circumnavigate (v)
(formal) to sail all the way around sth, especially all the way around the world

tonnage (n)
trọng tải

skipper (n)
the captain of a small ship or fishing boat
thuyền trưởng

haven (n)
bến tàu, cảng

stern (n)
the back end of a ship or boat
phần đuôi tàu
Executed two-torpedo volley from stern torpedo tubes with interval of 14 seconds

maritime (a)
connected with the sea or ships:
a maritime museum
the country's maritime history
(formal) near the sea:
maritime Antarctica

hull (n)
the main, bottom part of a ship, that goes in the water
thân tàu thủy

hulk (n)
the main part of an old vehicle, especially a ship, that is no longer used:
vỏ tàu
the hulk of a wrecked ship
That hollow, chilly feeling I had experienced on my first visit had only deepened. The
place looked like a hulk abandoned on the shore.

liner (n)
a large ship that carries passengers:
an ocean liner
a luxury cruise liner

barge (n)
a large boat with a flat bottom, used for carrying goods and people on canals and
rivers
xà lan
Here’s food for thought: the fish you will probably sink your teeth into the next time
you are beachside and hungry has been raised in cages suspended under houseboats
and barges in the crowded and polluted waters of Vietnam’s Mekong River

silt (n)
sand, mud, etc. that is carried by flowing water and is left at the mouth of a river or in
a harbour
bùn, phù sa

launch (n)
a large motor boat
…which had just completed the Sydney to Hobart race, before a NSW police launch
arrived about 7.50am to rescue the crew

salvage (v)
~ sth (from sth) to save a badly damaged ship, etc. from being lost completely; to save
parts or property from a damaged ship or from a fire, etc:
The wreck was salvaged by a team from the RAF.
We only managed to salvage two paintings from the fire.
Mr Smith said the yacht's motor was operational but did not appear to be at normal
capacity. Police will decide if the yacht needs to be salvaged, he said.

krill (n)
very small shellfish that live in the sea around the Antarctic and are eaten by
WHALES
In the summer months, the whales spend their time in the colder waters of Antarctica
feeding on enormous amounts of krill

sediment (n)
trầm tích

Defile (n)
(formal) a narrow way through mountains
(hẻm núi)
atoll (n)
an island made of CORAL and shaped like a ring with a lake of sea water (called a
LAGOON) in the middle
(đ̣ảo sang hô vòng)

glade (n)
(literary) a small open area of grass in a wood or a forest
archipelago (n)
a group of islands and the sea surrounding them
(quần đảo)

wake (n)
the track that a boat or ship leaves behind on the surface of the water
Scientists using satellite images later noticed that it became a newly formed ice island
in just an hour and left a trail of icy boulders floating in its wake

raft (n)
bè (gỗ, nứa...); mảng
One of the 15 ferry disaster survivors disaster is taken ashore after nine days at sea in
a liferaft. One of survivors died on the way to port, an official said

hold (n)
hầm tàu
"So then they lock us in the hold and say, "In one hour, we're gonna throw you into
the sea, so have a good time until then'."

wash (v)
(of water) to flow or carry sth/sb in a particular direction:
cuốn đi, giạt vào
[V] Water washed over the deck. * [VN] Pieces of the wreckage were washed ashore.
* He was washed overboard by a huge wave.

wash ashore
dạt vào bờ

run aground
if a ship runs/goes aground, it touches the ground in shallow water and cannot move:
mắc cạn
The oil tanker ran / went aground off the Spanish coast.

hole (v)
to make a hole or holes in sth, especially a boat or ship:
The ship had been holed by a missile. * The hull was holed in several places.
list (v)
(of a ship) to lean to one side
The MSC Napoli, abandoned by its crew after it was holed in storms on Thursday,
was listing at 30 degrees and had already lost more than 200 of its 2400 containers
from its deck, a coastguard spokesman said

The ship was refloating at each high tide and still at risk of capsizing, so the two
French tug boats accompanying it were trying to drag it further inshore to prevent that
possibility
frigate (n)
a small fast ship in the navy that travels with other ships in order to protect them
tàu khu trục nhỏ

mutiny (v) (n)

nổi loạn
(especially of soldiers or sailors) to refuse to obey the orders of sb in authority:
There was a real chance the crew would mutiny.
Discontent among the ship's crew finally led to the outbreak of mutiny
On November 8, 1975, the Soviet Navy frigate Storozhevoy mutinied.

salvage (n)
the act of saving things that have been, or are likely to be, damaged or lost, especially
in a disaster or an accident:
Salvage has always been a part of life on the rugged Devon coast — smuggling gangs
operated in the area in the Napoleonic Wars — but there had been nothing on this
scale
the salvage of the wrecked tanker * a salvage company / operation / team

wreck (n)
a ship that has sunk or that has been very badly damaged
There is a decent wreck every 25 years, but I don't think there has ever been anything
as big as this,"

flotsam (n)
parts of boats, pieces of wood or rubbish/garbage, etc. that are found floating on the
sea or along the shore; any kind of rubbish/garbage:
vật nổi lềnh bềnh (trên mặt biển)
The beaches are wide and filled with interesting flotsam and jetsam.

dash (v)
throw / beat
2 [+adv./prep.] to throw sth or make sth fall violently onto a hard surface; to beat
against a surface:
The boat was dashed repeatedly against the rocks.
The waves were dashing against the harbour wall.

beach (v)
to come or bring sth out of the water and onto the shore:
[VN] He beached the boat and lifted the boy onto the shore.
a beached whale (= a whale that has become stuck on the shore and cannot get back
into the water)
When epaulette sharks become beached on a reef, they can survive for hours out of
the water, apparently comatose, before wriggling back to life if they are disturbed

boat (n)
tàu, thuyền, xuồng

tug, tugboat (n)

tàu kéo
powerboat (n), speedboat (n)
A powerboat is a very fast, powerful motorboat.

steamboat (n)
A steamboat is a boat or ship that has an engine powered by steam.
= steamer

lifeboat (n)
xuồng cứu sinh
A lifeboat is a medium-sized boat that is sent out from a port or harbour in order to
rescue people who are in danger at sea.

warship (n)
tàu chiến
A warship is a ship with guns that is used for fighting in wars.

battleship (n)
A large, heavily-armoured and heavily-gunned warship. A term which generally post-
dates sailing warships.

cruiser (n)
A fast independent warship. Traditionally, cruisers were the smallest warships capable
of independent action. Now virtually disappeared from the oceans, along with
battleships and battlecruisers.

minesweeper (n)
tàu dò mìn
A minesweeper is a ship that is used to clear away explosive mines in the sea.

destroyer (n)
tàu khu trục
A fast and highly maneuverable warship, traditionally incapable of independent action
(originally developed to counter the threat of torpedo boats) but now the largest
independent warship generally seen on the ocean.

frigate (n)
tàu khu trục nhỏ
A frigate is a fairly small ship owned by the navy that can move at fast speeds.
Frigates are often used to protect other ships

tanker (n)
A tanker is a very large ship used for transporting large quantities
of gas or liquid, especially oil.
A Greek oil tanker has run aground.

VEHICLES
swerve (v)
(especially of a vehicle) to change direction suddenly, especially in order to avoid
hitting sb/sth:
lạng qua
She swerved sharply to avoid a cyclist.
The bus suddenly swerved into his path.
The ball swerved into the net.

chaise (n)
a carriage pulled by a horse or horses, used in the past
xe ngựa bốn bánh (mui trần)

plough into sb/sth

(especially of a vehicle or its driver) to crash violently into sth especially because you
are driving too fast or not paying enough attention
lao vào
A young girl and her little brother were seriously hurt when a car ploughed into them
on a crossing.
grisly (a)
extremely unpleasant and frightening and usually connected with death and violence:
ghê sợ, rùng rợn
a grisly crime
A police chase came to a grisly end early today when a speeding car ploughed into a
tree in a suburban street, killing a teenager

A drive is a wide piece of hard ground, or sometimes a private road, that leads from
the road to a person's house.
= driveway
bump (v)
to move across a rough surface:
[V] The jeep bumped along the dirt track. * [VN] The car bumped its way slowly
down the drive. * She entered the subway, bumping her bags down the steps.

trundle (v)
to move or roll somewhere slowly and noisily; to move sth slowly and noisily,
especially sth heavy, with wheels:
A train trundled across the bridge

FAMILY
sibling (n)
anh chị em ruột
disown (v)
từ (con)
He fought with his parents over me, and they disowned him.

half-sister, half-brother (n)

cùng cha khác mẹ / cùng mẹ khác cha???
Jan is asked to return to the family estate and is forced into an arranged marriage with
his half-sister Kaew.

HOUSE
porch (n)
(từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) hành lang, hiên nhà
a small area at the entrance to a building, such as a house or a church, that is covered
by a roof and often has walls
I'll make sure the cats are safe, and sometimes I sit on the front porch to watch the
rain fly

floorboard (n)
ván lót sàn
creak (n) (v)
tiếng cọt kẹt, tiếng cót két, tiếng kẽo kẹt
[V] She heard a floorboard creak upstairs. * a creaking bed / gate / stair * The table
creaked and groaned under the weight.

façade (n)
the front of a building:
mặt tiền

utensil (n)
a tool that is used in the house:
đồ dùng, dụng cụ (chủ yếu là đồ dùng trong gia đình)
cooking / kitchen utensils
I could buy what I liked. So now I've got a relatively complete set of cooking utensils.

cleaver (n)
a heavy knife with a broad blade, used for cutting large pieces of meat
con dao phay
broom (n)
cây chổi

mop (n)
nùi giẻ

pillowslip (n)
áo gối

dust pan (n)

cái đồ hốt rác

pantry (n), larder (n)

chạn bát đĩa

closet (n)
tủ am tường
The broom and mop are standing in the closet.
The dust pan is in there, too, hanging on a hook

cupboard (n)
tủ búp phê

split-level (a)
(nhà, phòng) có sàn của phòng này ở vào nửa chừng (cao hơn hay thấp hơn) phòng
bên cạnh

waterfront (a)
a part of a town or an area that is next to water, for example in a harbour:
He was at home, a $2.9 million split-level waterfront place near Cronulla in Sydney

moat (n)
hào
a deep wide channel that was dug around a castle, etc. and filled with water to make it
more difficult for enemies to attack
It is at times like these, that one begins to appreciate the value of a moat.

steeple (n)
gác chuông, tháp chuông

parlour (n)
a room in a private house for sitting in, entertaining visitors, etc.
 funeral parlour (n)
 massage parlour (n)

cubicle (n)
a small room that is made by separating off part of a larger room:
phòng (nhỏ)
a shower cubicle
couch (n)
trường kỷ, đi văng

festoon (v)
trang hoàng
~ sb/sth (with sth) to decorate sb/sth with flowers, coloured paper, etc., often as part
of a celebration:
The streets were festooned with banners and lights.
Then, in the first shot, Marie is presented in terms of blatant caricature; festooned in
white feathers, stretched out on a chaise longue and nibbling on a slice of cake before
turning to look teasingly at the viewer.

squat (n)
a building that people are living in without permission and without paying rent:
to live in a squat
Jonathan was living in a squat. He wrote on the walls, warnings to himself, reminders
that he must not hurt either my mother or us

hovel (n)
(disapproving) a house or room that is not fit to live in because it is dirty or in very
bad condition
túp lều; căn nhà tồi tàn
The story goes that, when she was three, her indifferent, alcoholic parents left her
outside one night and she crawled into a hovel where they kept dogs

penthouse (n)
an expensive and comfortable flat/apartment or set of rooms at the top of a tall
building:
a luxury penthouse suite
On the market: the Sandringham apartment block with the million-dollar penthouse
believed to be owned by Coles' former supermarket merchandise head Peter Scott

high-rise (a)
(of a building) very tall and having a lot of floors:
high-rise housing

housewarming party
tiệc tân gia

moat (n)
hào bao quanh
She had suggested that we leave the train, which we happened to do in Yotsuya, where
the green embankment makes for a nice place to walk by the old castle moat.

eaves (n)
the lower edges of a roof that stick out over the walls:
mái chìa
birds nesting under the eaves * overhanging eaves
I sat in the last seat and watched the ancient houses passing close to the window. The
tram almost touched the overhanging eaves
prefab (n)
(informal) a prefabricated building:
bê tông, được đúc sẵn
prefabs built after the war
And the timing was terrible: he loved his work, and he had finally succeeded in
getting us settled in our own house (we lived in a little prefab), and our daughter was
comfortable in her kindergarten

alley (n)
ngõ, đường đi, lối đi
In the alley diagonally across from the record shop I saw a drunken student vomiting.

dilapidated (a)
(of furniture and buildings) old and in very bad condition
đổ nát, xiêu vẹo, ọp ẹp (nhà);
His body was like a dilapidated old house from which all the fixtures and fittings have
been removed, awaiting its final demolition.
fixture (n)
a thing such as a bath or a toilet that is fixed in a house and that you do not take with
you when you move house:
plumbing fixtures * The price of the house includes fixtures and fittings. * (figurative)
He has stayed with us so long he seems to have become a permanent fixture.

linoleum (n)
si mi li ???
a type of strong material with a hard shiny surface, used for covering floors

board up (v)
board sth<->up
to cover a window, door, etc. with wooden boards:
Most buildings along the street had been boarded up.
façade (n)
the front of a building:
mặt tiền
a classical facade
The railroad station in the Angolan town of Dondo hasn't seen a train in years. Its
windows are boarded up, its pale pink façade crumbling away

clutch (v)
to hold sb/sth tightly:
bám chặt, nắm chặt, giữ chặt
pillowslip (n)
áo gối
a fabric cover for a PILLOW, that can be removed
A young woman finds a man crouching one night beside the refrigerator in her
kitchen. He is clutching a knife and carrying a pillowslip mask with two holes cut into
it for eyes
DOOR
bang (v)
If you bang a door or if it bangs, it closes suddenly with a loud
noise.
...the sound of doors banging...
All up and down the street the windows bang shut...
The wind banged a door somewhere.
= slam

ajar (a)
(of a door) slightly open:
She offered it to him as a kind of invitation, a door that was now ajar.

portal (n)
(formal or literary) a large, impressive gate or entrance to a building:
The castle's portals have opened to many famous guests.

doorway (n)
ngưỡng cửa
He stopped in the doorway, too timid to go in.

sluice (n)
(also sluice gate) a sliding gate or other device for controlling the flow of water out of
or into a canal, etc:
cửa cống
lock (n)
On a canal or river, a lock is a place where walls have been built with gates at each
end so that boats can move to a higher or lower section of the canal or river, by
gradually changing the water level inside the gates.
We opened the sluices and the upstream water of the river poured into the lock.
I could hear the sound of water in the darkness and see an old-fashioned brick sluice
gate. It had a handle you could turn to open and close the gate
COOKING
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Vietnam

a wedge of lemon
một lát chanh
vino (n)
rượu vang
ale (n)
a type of beer, usually sold in bottles or cans. There are several kinds of ale:
brown / pale ale
Fish and chips, a wedge of lemon, lashings of batter and salt – a splash of vinegar to
dilute the grease, perhaps – and all washed down with a soft drink, a frosty ale or a
glass of vino

clientele (n)
khách quen của một nhà hàng
all the customers or clients of a shop/store, restaurant, organization, etc

bowl (n)
cái tô, cái bát

fare (n)
thức ăn, đồ ăn
The fare at a restaurant or café is the type of food that is served
there. (WRITTEN)
The fare has much improved since Hugh has taken charge of the
kitchen.
...traditional Portuguese fare in a traditional setting.
Meats such as snake, soft-shell turtle, and goat are enjoyed almost exclusively as
"cocktail delicacies" with alcohol, and are not considered typical everyday fare.

pungent, peppery-hot.(a)
cay

treat (v)
đãi
If you say that something is your treat, you mean that you are paying for it as a treat
for someone else. (SPOKEN)
Mary: Thanks for lunch. It was delicious.
Shelly: It's OK.
Mary: Next time lunch is on me.
Shelly: Don't be silly.
Mary: I'm serious.
Shelly: All right. Next time you'll treat.
Mary: It's a deal!

dice (v)
cắt thành khối vuông
If you dice food, you cut it into small cubes.
Dice the onion...
Michelle: John, can you do me a favor? Can you help me cut this chicken?
John: At your service. How do you want me to cut it?
Michelle: I would like half of it cut into slices, and the other half diced.

lean (a)
nạc (thịt)
shred (n)
miếng nhỏ, mảnh vụn
Michelle: Oh, by the way, I want it to be very, very lean. Not even a shred of fat.

decaf (n)
(of coffee or tea) with most or all of the CAFFEINE removed
Decaf is decaffeinated coffee. (INFORMAL)
Waiteress: Sure. Anything to drink?
Maria: Do you have coffee or tea? I'd like decaf.

fix (v)
làm (đồ ăn, thức uống)
If you fix some food or a drink for someone, you make it or prepare it for them.
Sarah fixed some food for us...
Let me fix you a drink...
Scotty stayed behind to fix lunch.

roast (v)
quay
Broil (v), grill (v)
nướng
to cook meat or fish under direct heat or over heat on metal bars
broiled chicken / fish
garnish (v)
trang hoàng, bày biện hoa lá (lên món ăn)
~ sth (with sth) to decorate a dish of food with a small amount of another food
His breakfast consisted of a side-dish, a broiled fish with Reading sauce, a scarlet
slice of roast beef garnished with mushrooms.

gourmet (n), gourmand (n)

a person who knows a lot about good food and wines and who enjoys choosing,
eating and drinking them
người sành ăn, người sành rượu

epicure (n)
(formal) a person who enjoys food and drink of high quality and knows a lot about it

guzzle (v)
(informal, usually disapproving) to drink sth quickly and in large amounts. In British
English it also means to eat food quickly and in large amounts:
ăn uống tục, ăn uống tham lam
uống ừng ực
Australia-wide, irrigators were taking 76 per cent more water in 1997-98 than they
were in 1983-84, while urban and industrial drinkers were guzzling 57 per cent more.
She got in with me and did the same, the two of us stretched out and guzzling beer in
silence.

stale (a)
(of food, especially bread and cake) no longer fresh and therefore unpleasant to eat
cũ, hư, thối
They smell of dried vomit and stale food and there are old gum stains all over the
seats - is that going to make us feel safer?
tù động (không khí)
The smells, the sounds, the stale air, patients' faces, stress, irritation, disappointment,
pain, fatigue - that's what does it

morsel (n)
miếng, mấu
a small amount or a piece of sth, especially food:
a tasty morsel of food * He ate it all, down to the last morsel.
The Emperor watches without emotion, barely pausing while picking up a morsel of
food with his chopsticks, and instructs the Empress to take her medicine

concoct (v)
to make sth, especially food or drink, by mixing different things:
pha, chế
The soup was concocted from up to a dozen different kinds of fish.

wholesome (a) = nutritious (a)

good for your health:
fresh, wholesome food
Early in the morning on New Year's Day, I dropped into a cafe with the intention of
adding something wholesome to the empty toxicity that my nightly wanderings had
left within me

assortment (n)
a collection of different things or of different types of the same thing
SYN MIXTURE:
a wide assortment of gifts to choose from * He was dressed in an odd assortment of
clothes.
pickled (a)
(of food) preserved in VINEGAR:
pickled cabbage / herring / onions
mackerel (n)
(động vật học) cá thu
aubergine (n)
a large vegetable with shiny dark purple skin and soft white flesh
radish (n)
(thực vật học) củ cải
delicate (a)
showing or needing skilful, careful or sensitive treatment:
thanh nhã
I admired your delicate handling of the situation. * a delicate problem
Midori's cooking was far better than I had expected: an amazing assortment of fried,
pickled, boiled and roasted dishes using eggs, mackerel, fresh greens, aubergine,
mushrooms, radishes, and sesame seeds, all cooked in the delicate Kyoto style.

shred (v)
to cut or tear sth into small pieces:
thái chỉ
Serve the fish on a bed of shredded lettuce.

Croquettes with cream sauce, potato salad, shredded cabbage, boiled vegetables, rice
and miso soup: these were lined up in the tray in the same white plastic dishes they
used for patients

utensil (n)
a tool that is used in the house:
đồ dùng, dụng cụ (chủ yếu là đồ dùng trong gia đình)
cooking / kitchen utensils
I could buy what I liked. So now I've got a relatively complete set of cooking utensils.

beckon (v)
~ to sb (to do sth) to give sb a signal using your finger or hand, especially to tell them
to move nearer or to follow you:
vẫy tay ra hiệu, gật đầu ra hiệu
[V] He beckoned to the waiter to bring the bill. * [VN] He beckoned her over with a
wave.
I beckoned to the waiter and ordered two more vodka and tonics.

dribble (v)
nhỏ giọt
to fall in small drops or in a thin stream:
Melted wax dribbled down the side of the candle.
I washed three cucumbers in the sink and dribbled a little soy sauce into a dish.

munch (v)
~ (on / at) sth to eat sth steadily and often noisily, especially sth crisp:
nhai, nhai tóp tép, nhai trệu trạo
[V] She munched on an apple. * [VN] He sat in a chair munching his toast. * I
munched my way through a huge bowl of cereal.

smelt (n)
cá khô
We drank some Chivas Regal that he had quietly removed from his father's place,
grilled some smelts on his charcoal stove, and listened to Robert Casadesus playing a
Mozart piano concerto
fix (v)
~ sth (for sb) | ~ sb sth (especially AmE) to provide or prepare sth, especially food:
[VNN, VN] Can I fix you a drink? * Can I fix a drink for you? * [VN] I'll fix supper.
Four hours later he woke, heaved himself from bed and wandered into the kitchen to
fix the weekend's first coffee

a kitchen cupboard
tủ đựng đồ ăn, tủ nhà bếp

cleaver (n)
a heavy knife with a broad blade, used for cutting large pieces of meat
con dao phay

gobble (v)
~ sth (up / down) to eat sth very fast, in a way that people consider rude or GREEDY:
ăn ngấu nghiến, nuốt lấy nuốt để
[VN] Don't gobble your food like that! * They gobbled down all the sandwiches. [also
V]
I washed three cucumbers in the sink and dribbled a little soy sauce into a dish. Then I
wrapped a cucumber in nori, dipped it in soy sauce and gobbled it down.

Dishes

rice paper (n)

bánh tráng

fermented fish (n)

mắm

vermicelli, rice vermicelli (n)

rice noodles, rice sticks (n)
bún

broth (n)
nước luộc thịt
thick soup made by boiling meat or fish and vegetables in water
A communal bowl of canh (a clear broth with vegetables and often meat) or other
Vietnamese-style soup

fertilized duck egg (n)

hột vịt lộn
Hột vịt lộn is a fertilized duck egg with a nearly-developed embryo inside that is
boiled and eaten in the shell. It's typically served with fresh herbs (rau ram or
Vietnamese coriander), salt, and pepper; lemon juice is another popular additive,
when available.
Vietnamese coriander (n)
rau răm

dipping sauce (n)

nước chấm (nói chung)

pasta (n)
nuôi

cocktail delicacies (n)

món nhậu

hoisin souce (n)

tương, xì dầu, nước tương đen

casserole (n)
món thịt hầm
a hot dish made with meat, vegetables, etc. that are cooked slowly in liquid in an
oven:
a chicken casserole
Is there any casserole left?

croquette (n)
chả cá
a small amount of MASHED potato, fish, etc., shaped into a ball or tube, covered with
BREADCRUMBS and fried

pottage (n), rice congee (n)

cháo
Midori's father was given pottage, fruit, boiled, deboned fish, and vegetables that had
been ground into some kind of jelly.

hors d'oeuvres = appetiser (n)

món khai vị

terrine (n)
patê
a soft mixture of finely chopped meat, fish, etc. pressed into a container and served
cold, especially in slices as the first course of a meal:
chicken / vegetable terrine
"What a shame," said Hatsumi as she cut a small slice of terrine and brought it to her
lips.

Verbs
munch (v)
~ (on / at) sth to eat sth steadily and often noisily, especially sth crisp:
nhai trệu trạo
[V] She munched on an apple. * [VN] He sat in a chair munching his toast
"It looks good, though," I said, still munching my omelette.

crunch (v)
~ (on sth) to crush sth noisily between your teeth when you are eating:
nhai rau ráu
[VN] She crunched her apple noisily. [also V]
Midori's father crunched down on the piece again and again and finally swallowed it.

gorge (v)
ngốn; tọng vào, nhồi nhét vào (thức ăn)
I could spend each day gorging on chocolate...
...teenagers gorging themselves on ice-cream sundaes.

nibble (v)
gặm, nhấm nháp
If you nibble food, you eat it by biting very small pieces of it, for
example because you are not very hungry.
He started to nibble his biscuit...
She nibbled at the corner of a piece of dry toast.

gulp (v)
~ sth (down) to swallow large amounts of food or drink quickly:
nuốt chững
[VN] He gulped down the rest of his tea and went out. [also V]

gobble (v)
~ sth (up / down) to eat sth very fast, in a way that people consider rude or GREEDY:
ăn ngấu nghiến, nuốt lấy nuốt để
[VN] Don't gobble your food like that! * They gobbled down all the sandwiches. [also
V]
I washed three cucumbers in the sink and dribbled a little soy sauce into a dish. Then I
wrapped a cucumber in nori, dipped it in soy sauce and gobbled it down.

slurp (v)
to make a loud noise while you are drinking sth:
(húm) sùm sụp
[VN] He was slurping his tea. * [V] She slurped noisily from her cup.

polish sth<->off (informal)

to finish sth, especially food, quickly:
He polished off the remains of the apple pie.
Nagasawa had polished off his duck long before and was now concentrating on his
whisky.

down (v)
to finish a drink or eat sth quickly:
We downed our coffees and left.
Despite plummeting efficacy, chloroquine, at pennies per course, remains the top-
selling antimalarial pharmaceutical downed by Africans

CHILDREN
genie (n)
thần đèn
(in Arabian stories) a spirit with magic powers, especially one that lives in a bottle or
a lamp

truancy (n)
the practice of staying away from school without permission:
sự trốn học
Truancy rates at the school are very high.

fairy floss (n)

kẹo bông gòn

nursery rhyme
bài hát ru????
a simple traditional poem or song for children

wean (v)
~ sb/sth (off / from sth) to gradually stop feeding a baby or young animal with its
mother's milk and start feeding it with solid food:
thôi cho bú, cai sữa
When would be the best time to start weaning my baby?...
Leopard cubs are weaned at three months.
Even before wolf pups are weaned, they begin sorting themselves out into alphas and
all the others
greed (a)
a strong desire for more food or drink when you are no longer hungry or thirsty:
tham ăn, háu ăn
I had another helping of ice cream out of pure greed.
The alphas are quicker, more curious, greedier for space, milk, Mom-and they stay
that way for life.

dysfunctional (a)
(technical) not working in a satisfactory or successful way:
children from dysfunctional families
Jan is a young man growing up in 1930s Siam in a wealthy, dysfunctional family
where sex has a huge impact on everyone's lives

half-sister (n)
cùng cha khác mẹ / cùng mẹ khác cha???
Jan is asked to return to the family estate and is forced into an arranged marriage with
his half-sister Kaew.

precocious (a)
(sometimes disapproving) (of a child) having developed particular abilities and ways
of behaving at a much younger age than usual:
phát triển sớm
a precocious child who started her acting career at the age of 5 * sexually precocious
petting (n)
the activity of kissing and touching sb, especially in a sexual way
We started kissing at 12 and petting at 13. I'd go to his room or he'd come to my room
and I'd finish him off with my hands. It never occurred to me that we were being
precocious.

2ND
commitment (n)
sự tận tâm, sốt sắng
~ (to sb/sth) the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an
activity:
"I still have a driving interest and commitment in the job," he said. "I still want to do
things."

enlist (v)
sth/sb (in sth) | ~ sb (as sth) to persuade sb to help you or to join you in doing sth:
tranh thủ, giành được
[VN] They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime.
We were enlisted as helpers
Beijing’s control of the Internet is bolstered by its success at enlisting the aid of
foreign companies such as Microsoft, Google and Yahoo!, all of which run online
operations on the mainland.

secure (v)
chiếm được, giành được, đạt được
It was not until 1628, at the age of fifty, that Harvey published the work which
secured his fame.

rival (v)
so bì với, cạnh tranh lại
to be as good, impressive, etc. as sb/sth else:
You will find scenery to rival anything you can see in the Alps.
Golf cannot rival football for excitement.
see also UNRIVALLED

authority (n)
chuyên gia, người lão luyện (về một môn nào)
~ (on sth) a person with special knowledge:
She's an authority on criminal law.
This evidence for the imminent collapse of ice sheets in both Greenland and West
Antarctica has prompted Dr James Hansen, director of NASA's Goddard Institute and
arguably the world's foremost authority on climate change…

profess (v)
to claim that sth is true or correct, especially when it is not:
tự cho, tự nhận,tự xưng là
1/ [VN] She still professes her innocence. * [V to inf] I don't profess to be an expert in
this subject.
2/ to state openly that you have a particular belief, feeling, etc:
tuyên bố, bày tỏ
[VN] He professed his admiration for their work. * [VN-ADJ] She professed herself
satisfied with the progress so far.
3/ [VN] to belong to a particular religion:
theo (đạo…)
to profess Christianity / Islam / Judaism
ingenuous (a) #
(formal, sometimes disapproving) honest, innocent and willing to trust people
SYN NAIVE:
chân thật, ngây thơ
It is ingenuous to suppose that money did not play a part in his decision.
 disingenuous (a)
không thành thực, không trung thực
Any profession of surprise from scientists about recent events in Korea seems
disingenuous

court (v)
invite sth bad
rước lấy, chuốc lấy
[VN] (formal) to do sth that might result in sth unpleasant happening:
to court danger / death / disaster
As a politician he has often courted controversy.
Yet this desire to court danger crosses every era, age group and social class

permeate (v)
tỏa ra, lan khắp
(of an idea, an influence, a feeling, etc.) to affect every part of sth:
[VN] a belief that permeates all levels of society
You might think that eating healthily is a matter of simple common sense, but our
culture is permeated by ignorance about what we choose to eat and what we are
forced to eat (or reject) in our institutions.

engage (v) = employ (v)

sb (as sth) (formal) to employ sb to do a particular job:
[VN] He is currently engaged as a consultant.
We will have to engage the services of a translator.
I saw in the papers that he had been engaged by the French government upon a matter
of supreme importance

precipitate (v)
1/ to make sth, especially sth bad, happen suddenly or sooner than it should:
làm mau đến, làm sớm đến
His resignation precipitated a leadership crisis.
The fight has been precipitated by the worldwide growth in high-definition TV
(HDTV), which offers far clearer images than traditional television
2/ ~ sb/sth into sth
to suddenly force sb/sth into a particular state or condition:
xô đẩy, dồn
The assassination of the president precipitated the country into war.

dissipate (v)
tiêu mòn, làm hao mòn, làm uổng phí
[VN] to waste sth, such as time or money, especially by not planning the best way of
using it
He is dissipating his time and energy on too many different things...
desultory (a)
rời rạc, không mạch lạc, không hệ thống; lung tung, linh tinh
(formal) going from one thing to another, without a definite plan and without
enthusiasm:
I wandered about in a desultory fashion.
a desultory conversation
People with energy but no clear goals just dissipate themselves in one desultory
project after the next

engage (v)
(formal) to succeed in attracting and keeping sb's attention and interest:
thu hút (sự chú ý…)
It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.
Their pleas failed to engage any sympathy.
Because music is something that touches people, engages their feelings and emotions

organic (a)
(formal) consisting of different parts that are all connected to each other:
có tổ chức
the view of society as an organic whole
Employees in different departments team up in a ‘simultaneous and organic’ process
to create amazing, innovative products.

embrace (v)
(formal) to include sth:
The talks embraced a wide range of issues.
The word 'mankind' embraces men, women and children.

confound (v)
to prove sb/sth wrong:
to confound expectations / an argument / expert opinion
She confounded her critics and proved she could do the job
Yet he could find no proof of this with which to confound his critics.

treat (v)
~ sb / yourself (to sth) to pay for sth that sb/you will enjoy and that you do not usually
have or do:
thết đãi
She treated him to lunch.
Don't worry about the cost-I'll treat you.
Grayson and his wife are also buying a couple of new mountain bikes this Christmas,
spending about $500 each. "We're treating ourselves," he says.
disaffected (a)
bất mãn
…the riots in France, where disaffected unemployed youth took out their frustrations
on the streets of Paris…

subtle (a)
không khéo, xảo quyệt
(of a person or their behaviour) behaving in a clever way, and using indirect methods,
in order to achieve sth
không khéo, khôn ngoan
the subtle and brilliant Odysseus

literature (n)
~ (on sth) pieces of writing or printed information on a particular subject:
tài liệu (về một môn khoa học)
I've read all the available literature on keeping rabbits.
sales / promotional literature

faculty (n)
any of the physical or mental abilities that a person is born with:
tính năng, năng lực
the faculty of sight
She retained her mental faculties (= the ability to think and understand) until the day
she died.
Haaretz newspaper reported that Mr Sharon was paralysed in half of his body, and
medical experts agreed the Prime Minister was unlikely to survive without his
faculties being at least seriously impaired.
invasive (a)
(of medical treatment) involving cutting into the body:
invasive surgery
It might take invasive surgery, but it should be possible to modify human eyes to
acquire these abilities

cipher (n)
con số không (người vô giá trị)
(formal, disapproving) a person or thing of no importance:
To her employers she was a mere cipher, with no human feelings at all.
You might rather think of her career up to that point as a series of glamorous and/or
disturbing ciphers
milestone (n)
very important stage or event in the development of sth:
(nghĩa bóng) sự kiện quan trọng, mốc lịch sử, giai đoạn quan trọng (trong đời ai)
This voyage marked an important milestone in the history of exploration. * Today we
have passed another milestone on the road towards peace.
Life's milestones are announced with a polyphonic message tone as couples share
news of engagements via group text messages and parents email newborns' vital
statistics to contacts in their electronic address books.

blind (n)
bức màn che
bring sb to book (for sth)
(formal, especially BrE) to punish sb for doing sth wrong and make them explain their
behaviour:
We will ensure that people who commit fraud are brought to book through the courts.
"It seems to me that the sole intention of the action was not simply to bring Hawach
family members to book, but to provide a blind for other activities that were
obliviously being conducted at the same time," he said

apprehension (n)
worry or fear that sth unpleasant may happen
SYN ANXIETY:
There is growing apprehension that fighting will begin again. * He watched the
election results with some apprehension.

society (n)
tầng lớp thượng lưu
the group of people in a country who are fashionable, rich and powerful:
Their daughter married into high society.
a society wedding
Last year Fischer consulted society jeweller Nic Cerrone to sell the platinum diamond
engagement ring Packer gave her

splendid (a)
(old-fashioned) excellent; very good:
What a splendid idea! * We've all had a splendid time. * It will be a splendid
opportunity to practise your Spanish. * The meal was simply splendid.
liberal (a)
rộng rãi, hào phóng
~ (with sth) generous; given in large amounts:
She is very liberal with her money. * I think Sam is too liberal with his criticism (= he
criticizes people too much).
They did not speak until someone correctly guessed their names, but they were
liberally treated with the best that the household had to give, in terms of cake and
drink

score (n)
bản nhạc bè
a written or printed version of a piece of music showing what each instrument is to
play or what each voice is to sing:
an orchestral score * the score of Verdi's 'Requiem'
The storm will always develop a score. The harmony of the wind on a small gap in the
window frame…

scour (v)
~ sth (out) to clean sth by rubbing its surface hard with rough material:
I had to scour out the pans.
The percussion of the rain as it scours the streets clean

tie (n)
[usuallypl.] a strong connection between people or organizations:
mối quan hệ
family ties * the ties of friendship * economic / diplomatic ties * The firm has close
ties with an American corporation. * personal / emotional ties * Both sides agreed to
strengthen political ties.

appreciate (v)
đánh giá, đánh giá đúng, hiểu rõ giá trị
(not used in the progressive tenses) to recognize the good qualities of sb/sth:
You can't really appreciate foreign literature in translation. * His talents are not fully
appreciated in that company

stand (v)
dựng đứng
to put sth/sb in an upright position somewhere:
Stand the ladder up against the wall. * I stood the little girl on a chair so that she could
see.
He stood me in front of the chair and then did the only thing that I thought was odd at
the time ... he put his hands on my shoulders to help me sit down

purge (v)
~ yourself / sb/sth (of sth) | ~ sth (from sth) (written) to make yourself/sb/sth pure,
healthy or clean by getting rid of bad thoughts or feelings:
thanh lọc
We need to purge our sport of racism. * Nothing could purge the guilt from her mind.
Just when you thought it was safe... In 1972, the Clean Water Act, which called for
"swimmable, fishable waters," prompted a Potomac purging
probe (n)
sự điều tra, thăm dò
~ (into sth) (used especially in newspapers) a thorough and careful investigation of
sth:
a police probe into the financial affairs of the company * Arson probe after three die
at home.
Prime Minister Ehud Olmert faces a criminal probe over his role in a bank
privatization

bark (v)
~ (out) sth to give orders, ask questions, etc. in a loud, unfriendly way:
quát tháo
She barked out an order.
He barked questions at her

spectacular (a)
Something that is spectacular is very impressive or dramatic.
gây ấn tượng, thu hút sự chú ý
We also roundly fear spectacular causes of death, such as murder, being struck by
lightning or being bitten by a poisonous snake, even though the chance that we would
fall prey to such an exotic demise is very small

MILITARY
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brigadier (lữ đoàn trưởng, thiếu tướng)
colonel (đại tá)
lieutenant colonel (trung tá)
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warrant officer (chuẩn úy, đại úy)
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sergeant (trung sĩ)
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army group
army
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division (sư đoàn)
brigade (lữ đoàn)
regiment or group (trung đoàn)
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infantry (n)
bộ binh

cavalry (n)
1/ Kỵ binh
2/ The cavalry is the part of an army that uses armoured vehicles for fighting.
...the US Army's 1st Cavalry Division.

sapper (n)
công binh
A sapper is a soldier whose job is to do building, digging, and similar work.
They requested sappers to mend bridges or remove mines.

ranger (n)
biệt kích

guerilla (n)
du kích,quân du kích
A guerrilla is someone who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an
official army or police force.

militia (n)
lực lượng dân quân
a group of people who are not professional soldiers but who have had military training
and can act as an army

mercenary (n)
lính đánh thuê

sentinel (n)
lính gác, lính canh
(literary) a soldier whose job is to guard sth
SYN SENTRY
People approaching the gate were challenged by the sentry

vanguard (n)
quân tiên phong
The vanguard of an army is the part of it that goes into battle first.
...a force of mobile reserve units that could strike quickly and effectively at the
vanguard of an invading army.
scout (n)
trinh sát
A scout is someone who is sent to an area of countryside to find out
the position of an enemy army.
They sent two men out in front as scouts.

garrison (n)
A garrison is a group of soldiers whose task is to guard the town or building where
they live.
...a five-hundred man French army garrison.

capitulation (n)
sự đầu hàng ((thường) là có điều kiện)
 # unconditional surrender (n)

hardware (n)
Military hardware is the machinery and equipment that is used by the armed forces,
such as tanks, aircraft, and missiles.

armament (n)
weapons, especially large guns, bombs, TANKS,

mortar (n)
súng cối
A mortar is a big gun which fires missiles high into the air over a short distance.
He was killed in a mortar attack.

shell (n)
đạn súng cối

howitzer (n)
A howitzer is a large gun with a short barrel, which fires shells high up into the air so
that they will drop down onto the target.

mine (n)
mìn, địa lôi, thủy lôi

musket (n)
an early type of long gun that was used by soldiers in the past
súng trường

cartridge (n)
đạn, vỏ đạn

shrapnel (n)
mảnh đạn, mảnh bom

fort (n)
pháo đào, công sự
fortify (v)
fortification (n) = defence (n)
Fortifications are buildings, walls, or ditches that are built to protect a place and
make it more difficult to attack.
The government has started building fortifications along its eastern border.
= defence

trench (n)
(quân sự) hào, hầm.

barricade (n)
chiến lũy

bastion (n) = stronghold (n)

a place that military forces are defending
pháo đài, thành lũy
Singapore was the last bastion of British defences in South-East Asia.
Each year, the Myer Christmas windows remain one of the last bastions of public
wonder

calibre (n)
đường kính
The calibre of a gun is the width of the inside of its barrel. (TECHNICAL)
...a .22 calibre rifle.

battery (n)
khẩu đội
A battery of equipment such as guns, lights, or computers is a large set of it kept
together in one place.
They stopped beside a battery of abandoned guns.

magazine (n)
a room or building where weapons, explosives and bullets are stored
In an automatic gun, the magazine is the part that contains the bullets.

barrage (n)
sự bắn chặn
A barrage is continuous firing on an area with large guns and tanks.
The two fighters were driven off by a barrage of anti-aircraft fire.
= bombardment

logistics (n)
hậu cần

beachhead (n)
A beachhead is an area of land next to the sea or a river where an attacking force has
taken control and can prepare to advance further inland.
vị trí đổ bộ

bridgehead (n)
A bridgehead is a good position which an army has taken in the enemy's territory and
from which it can advance or attack.
A bridgehead was established.

barrel (n)
nòng súng

recoil (n)
artillery recoil mechanism

charge (n)
the amount of explosive material needed to fire a gun or make an explosion
see also DEPTH CHARGE

depth charge (n)

A depth charge is a type of bomb which explodes under water and which is used
especially to destroy enemy submarines.

attrition (n)
sự làm hao mòn, sự làm tiêu hao lực lượng
Attrition is a process in which you steadily reduce the strength of an enemy by
continually attacking them. (FORMAL)
The rebels have declared a cease-fire in their war of attrition against the
government.

contingent (n)
a group of soldiers that are part of a larger force
đạo quân
Unlike the special forces contingent currently in the country, the new deployment
would not routinely undertake search and destroy missions against extremists

engagement (n)
(technical) fighting between two armies, etc
cuộc giao tranh

deserter (n)
kẻ đào ngủ

commandant (n)
sĩ quan chỉ huy

volley (n)
loạt (đạn, pháo)

Amphibious (a)
(of military operations) involving soldiers landing at a place from the sea
(đổ bộ)
an amphibious raid / assault
armada (n)
hạm đội
a large group of ships sailing together
sentinel (n)
(literary) a soldier whose job is to guard sth
SYN SENTRY
By May 1942, the flat, sandy islands of this Pacific atoll had become an important
forward fuelling station for American submarines and an armed sentinel designed to
protect the Hawaiian Islands against a repetition of the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor
People approaching the gate were challenged by the sentry

ricochet (v)
(of a moving object) to hit a surface and come off it fast at a different angle:
HE REMEMBERS every detail: a massive explosion in the helicopter, a smell of
cordite, bullets ricocheting off the walls, his door gunner trying to get a shot at their
attackers…

cache (n)
a hidden store of things such as weapons:
an arms cache
nơi giấu, nơi trữ
Two days later, another helicopter he was flying also came under attack 50 kilometres
south of Baghdad. Again, he didn't panic but followed his attackers as they sped away
in a car, which led to their arrest and the discovery of a cache of grenades, shells and
bomb-making equipment in the boot.

sortie (n)
lần xuất kích
a flight that is made by an aircraft during military operations; an attack made by
soldiers
SYN RAID:
Still, he says, "I really enjoyed myself in Iraq. I flew 115 sorties and only on three
occasions do I know I got shot at."

marshal (v)
thống lĩnh
Wales is at the forefront of a revolution in knowledge-gathering; he has marshalled an
army of volunteers who believe that, working collaboratively, they can produce an
encyclopedia that is as good as any written by experts, and with an unprecedented
range.

marshal (n)
In Britain and some other countries, a marshal is an officer who has the highest rank
in an army or air force.
...Air Chief Marshal Sir Kenneth Cross.

postbellum (a)
sau chiến tranh

volley (n)
loạt (đạn, đá bắn ra…)
Executed two-torpedo volley from stern torpedo tubes with interval of 14 seconds

warship (n)
tàu chiến
A warship is a ship with guns that is used for fighting in wars.

battleship (n)
A large, heavily-armoured and heavily-gunned warship. A term which generally post-
dates sailing warships.

cruiser (n)
A fast independent warship. Traditionally, cruisers were the smallest warships capable
of independent action. Now virtually disappeared from the oceans, along with
battleships and battlecruisers.

minesweeper (n)
tàu dò mìn
A minesweeper is a ship that is used to clear away explosive mines in the sea.

destroyer (n)
tàu khu trục
A fast and highly maneuverable warship, traditionally incapable of independent action
(originally developed to counter the threat of torpedo boats) but now the largest
independent warship generally seen on the ocean.

frigate (n)
tàu khu trục nhỏ
A frigate is a fairly small ship owned by the navy that can move at fast speeds.
Frigates are often used to protect other ships

court martial (n) (v)

tòa án binh
If a member of the armed forces is court martialled, he or she is tried in a military
court.
I was court-martialled and sentenced to six months in a military prison.

MOVE
scamper (v)
chạy tung tăng, chạy vụt
(especially of children or small animals) to move quickly with short light steps
matching (a)
(of clothing, fabric, objects, etc.) having the same colour, pattern, style, etc. and
therefore looking attractive together:
a pine table with four matching chairs
A group of boys with baseball bats and matching uniforms scampered around inside
the carriage.

limp (v)
to walk slowly or with difficulty because one leg is injured:
đi khập khiễng
She had twisted her ankle and was limping. * Matt limped painfully off the field.
Grasping the edge of the table, he set his feet on the floor, picked up his cane and
limped out of the classroom.

stumble (v)
to walk or move in an unsteady way:
đi loạng choạng
Max stumbled out of bed sleepily. * We were stumbling around in the dark looking
for a candle.
The teenager stumbled from bushland into the middle of a suburban cricket game and
collapsed after being bitten on the finger by an eastern brown snake, an ambulance
spokesman said

trudge (v) (n)

to walk slowly or with heavy steps, because you are tired or carrying sth heavy
lê bước mệt nhọc
Bags dangling from my limbs, I trudged down the hall to my new home

stomp (v)
di chuyển (đi lại ) với những bước nặng nề
If you stomp somewhere, you walk there with very heavy steps,
often because you are angry.
He stomped out of the room.

strut (v)
đi khệnh khạng ???
to walk proudly with your head up and chest out to show that you think you are
important:
The players strutted and posed for the cameras
He struts around town like he owns the place.

amble (v)
to walk at a slow relaxed speed:
đi nhẹ nhàng, thong thả, đi tà tà
We ambled down to the beach.
They ambled along for miles.
Mark ambled over to the girls

ramble (v)
(BrE) to walk for pleasure, especially in the countryside:
ngao du
We spent the summer rambling in Ireland.
stroll (v) (n)
tản bộ
to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way
People were strolling along the beach

potter (v)
to do things or move without hurrying, especially when you are doing sth that you
enjoy and that is not important:
đi lang thang, đi vơ vẩn, la cà đà đẫn
I spent the day pottering around the house.
He'd planned a day of pottering in the garden

hike (v)
đi bộ đường dài
to go for a long walk in the country, especially for pleasure:
[V] strong boots for hiking over rough country

scoot (v)
chuồn
(informal) to go or leave somewhere in a hurry:
I'd better scoot or I'll be late.

wander (v)
đi thơ thẩn, đi lang thang

slip (v)
to go somewhere quickly and quietly, especially without being noticed:
lẻn đi
She slipped out of the house before the others were awake. * The ship slipped into the
harbour at night

Hurtle (v) = career (v)

lao
If someone or something hurtles somewhere, they move there very quickly, often in a
rough or violent way.
A pretty young girl came hurtling down the stairs.
= career, dash
His car careered into a river...
He went careering off down the track.

dash (v)
lao
If you dash somewhere, you run or go there quickly and suddenly.
Suddenly she dashed down to the cellar...

plunge (v) (1)

to move or make sb/sth move suddenly forwards and/or downwards
lao xuống
She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. * The train left the track and
plunged down the embankment.
flap (v)
đập cánh, vỗ cánh
move quickly
if a bird flaps its wings, or if its wings flap, they move quickly up and down:
[VN] The bird flapped its wings and flew away. * [V] The gulls flew off, wings
flapping.

flit (v)
chuyền cành (chim)
(from A to B) | ~ (between A and B) to move lightly and quickly from one place or
thing to another:
Butterflies flitted from flower to flower. * He flits from one job to another.
Red dragonflies flitted around the quadrangle, chased by neighbourhood kids
swinging nets.

heave (v)
rán sức
budge (v) (1)
to move slightly; to make sth/sb move slightly
làm nhúc nhích, làm lay chuyển
She pushed at the door but it wouldn't budge.
The dog refused to budge. * [VN] I heaved with all my might but still couldn't budge
it.
jolt (v)
xóc
If something jolts or if something jolts it, it moves suddenly and quite violently.
The wagon jolted again...
The train jolted into motion...
They were working frantically in the fear that an aftershock would jolt the house
again.

bump (v)
to move across a rough surface:
[V] The jeep bumped along the dirt track. * [VN] The car bumped its way slowly
down the drive. * She entered the subway, bumping her bags down the steps.
A drive is a wide piece of hard ground, or sometimes a private road, that leads from
the road to a person's house.
= driveway

Twitch (v)
if a part of your body twitches, or if you twitch it, it makes a sudden quick movement,
sometimes one that you cannot control
co rút, co quắp, giật
Her lips twitched with amusement

Bustle (v)
to move around in a busy way or to hurry sb in a particular direction
lăng xăng, hối hả
She bustled around in the kitchen
Whirl (v)
to move, or make sb/sth move, around quickly in a circle or in a particular direction
xoay tít, quay cuồng
Leaves whirled in the wind

Wiggle (v)
(informal) to move from side to side or up and down in short quick movements; to
make sth move in this way:
đung đưa, lắc lư, ngọ nguậy
Her bottom wiggled as she walked past
They wiggled their hips to the rhythm of the music
Your baby will try to shuffle or wiggle along the floor.

clamber (v)
to climb or move with difficulty or a lot of effort, using your hands and feet:
trèo
The children clambered up the steep bank.

Stride (v) (past: strode)

(not used in the perfect tenses) [V+adv./prep.] to walk with long steps in a particular
direction:
bước dài
We strode across the snowy fields.
She came striding along to meet me

rock (v)
to move gently backwards and forwards or from side to side; to make sb/sth move in
this way:
đu đưa, lúc lắc
[V] The boat rocked from side to side in the waves.

forge (v)
(written) to move forward in a steady but powerful way:
tiến lên
He forged through the crowds to the front of the stage
We forged straight ahead, as if our walking were a religious ritual meant to heal our
wounded spirits.

breeze (v)
to move in a cheerful and confident way in a particular direction:
She just breezed in and asked me to help.
Nagasawa was known for being smart. He breezed into Tokyo University, he got good
marks, he would take the Civil Service Exam, join the Foreign Ministry, and become
a diplomat.

pad (v)
to walk with steps that are fairly quick, light, and quiet.:
She padded across the room to the window.
tap (v)
to hit sb/sth quickly and lightly:
[V] Someone tapped at the door. * He was busy tapping away at his computer.

I padded up the stairs and tapped on the door to the flat.

tramp (v)
to walk with heavy or noisy steps, especially for a long time:
[V] We tramped across the wet grass to look at the statue.
I'm sure you'd like that, tramping around in the snow all day, working up a good
sweat."

retrace (v)
to go back along exactly the same path or route that you have come along:
thoái lui
She turned around and began to retrace her steps towards the house.
We retraced our steps through the path in the woods and returned to the flat.

whisk (v)
to take sb/sth somewhere very quickly and suddenly:
Jamie whisked her off to Paris for the weekend. * The waiter whisked away the plates
before we had finished.
Like, suppose you whisked me somewhere far, far away, I'd make lots of babies for
you as tough as little bulls.

barge (v)
to move in an awkward way, pushing people out of the way or crashing into them:
[V] He barged past me to get to the bar. * [VN] They barged their way through the
crowds.
Midori barged through the crowds clutching the strap of her shoulder bag with one
hand and my hand with the other.

sneak (v)
to go somewhere secretly, trying to avoid being seen:
lén lút
What are you doing sneaking around out there? * Did you sneak into my room while I
was asleep?
Still, she manages to get here three days a week, and I come four. And we sneak in
every now and then. Believe me, it's a full schedule!"

tramp (v)
to walk with heavy or noisy steps, especially for a long time:
[V] We tramped across the wet grass to look at the statue. * the sound of tramping feet
An hour of tramping through the woods on skis left us breathless and sweaty.

tear (v)
to move somewhere very quickly or in an excited way:
chạy vụt đi
He tore off down the street. * A truck tore past the gates.
The wind tore along the sand beach as we sat there drinking.
careen (v)
(of a person or vehicle) to move forward very quickly especially in a way that is
dangerous or uncontrolled
SYN HURTLE
"The plane's gonna crash," somebody yelled as Kelly turned just in time to see the
distant Twin Otter, from which he had jumped countless times, careening into trees

stroll (v)
to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way
đi tản bộ
People were strolling along the beach

tread (v)
(formal or literary) to walk somewhere
At this stage, the Government is treading carefully

edge (v)
di chuyển
to move or to move sth slowly and carefully in a particular direction
…at least it suggests the Liberals’ figures are edging in the right direction
She edged a little closer to me.
I edged nervously past the dog.
Emily edged her chair forward.

swirl (v)
to move around quickly with a circular movement; to make sth do this:
cuộn, xoáy, cuốn đi, xoáy đi
The water swirled down the drain
Hwang apologised and resigned from his position as head of World Stem Cell Hub,
but rumours about his work continued to swirl until last week's revelations

swarm (v)
(of people, animals, etc.) to move around in a large group:
di chuyển thành bầy, đàn
Tourists were swarming all over the island.

strut (v)
đi khệnh khạng ???
to walk proudly with your head up and chest out to show that you think you are
important:
The players strutted and posed for the cameras
He struts around town like he owns the place.
diction (n)
1/ the way that sb pronounces words:
clear diction
2/ (technical) the choice and use of words in literature:
Wordsworth rejected poetic diction in favour of ordinary language.
They are trained in diction, manners and strutting on catwalks.

herd (v)
to move or make sb/sth move in a particular direction:
dồn (ai vào nơi nào)
[V] We all herded on to the bus.
[VN] They were herded together into trucks and driven away.

ODOURS
stench (n)
a strong, very unpleasant smell
mùi hôi thối
…the stench of rotting bodies was known to transmit infections
The garden filled up with the sweet, heavy stench of rotting flesh.

foul (a)
dirty and smelling bad:
hôi thối
foul air / breath
a foul-smelling prison
Foul drinking water was blamed for the epidemic.
On examination of the sheep the result is often a foul smell from the wound and
visible signs of maggots.

reek (v)
to smell very strongly of sth unpleasant:
sặc mùi
His breath reeked of tobacco.
I'd wake up and find this strange girl sleeping next to me, and the room would reek of
alcohol…

acrid (a)
having a strong, bitter smell or taste that is unpleasant:
hăng, cay sè
acrid smoke from burning tyres * The fog was yellow and acrid and bit at the back of
the throat.
The fires devastating the north-east of the state are over 100 km away but the sky over
the city was brown and acrid
EYE
eyelid (n)
mi mắt

Shade (v)
If you shade your eyes, you put your hand or an object partly in
front of your face in order to prevent a bright light from shining into
your eyes.
You can't look directly into it; you've got to shade your eyes or
close them altogether...
= shield
He squinted and shielded his eyes.
she shaded her eyes against the sun

Squint (v)
nheo mắt
If you squint at something, you look at it with your eyes partly
closed.
The girl squinted at the photograph...
The bright sunlight made me squint...
He squinted
to squint into / against the sun

Peek (v)
~ (at sth) to look at sth quickly and secretly because you should not be looking at it
nhìn trộm, liếc trộm
I couldn't resist peeking in the drawer.
She peeked at the audience from behind the curtain

gaze (v)
to look steadily at sb/sth for a long time, either because you are very interested or
surprised, or because you are thinking of sth else:
nhìn chằm chằm
She gazed at him in amazement
She was tired of being the object of other people's gazes. She was in her late 40s and
had spent half a lifetime exposed to gazes that were often sexual, but rarely friendly

glare (v)
nhìn trừng trừng, nhìn giận dữ
If you glare at someone, you look at them with an angry expression
on your face.
The old woman glared at him...
Jacob glared and muttered something.
...glaring eyes.

stare (v)
nhìn chòng chọc
If you stare at someone or something, you look at them for a long
time.
Tamara stared at him in disbelief, shaking her head...
 Mahoney tried not to stare.

glassy (a)
đờ đẫn, không hồn
reek (v)
(+ of) sặc mùi, nồng nặc, có mùi hôi thối
He is glassy-eyed and reeks of alcohol.

beam (v)
chiếu
[V+adv./prep.] to produce a ray of light and/or heat:
The morning sun beamed down on us.
Light beamed through a hole in the curtain.
Those doctor's eyes beam behind glasses.

piecing (a)
nhọn, sắc
(of eyes or the way they look at sb) seeming to notice things about another person that
would not normally be noticed, especially in a way that makes that person feel
anxious or embarrassed:
She looked at me with piercing blue eyes.
a piercing look / gaze
Mumble, an emperor penguin with piercing blue eyes, a faint bow-tie and all those
digitally created feathers, has become a film export to rival Mick Dundee and Babe

hooded (a)
(of eyes) having large EYELIDS that always look as if they are partly closed
was almost as though she was seen not as a woman but as an ice queen, with a
perfectly frozen bone structure and terrifyingly beautiful hooded eyes

eyeball (v)
(informal) to look at sb/sth in a way that is very direct and not always polite or
friendly:
tròn mắt nhìn
They eyeballed each other across the room.
It's sort of fun. If someone's eyeballing you, it makes you feel good." I suggest this
may be one reason she loves France, whose very pavement-cafe culture seems
designed to facilitate such exchanges

flick (v)
~ a smile / look, etc. at sb | ~ sb a smile / look, etc. to smile or look at sb suddenly and
quickly: [VN, VNN] She flicked a nervous glance at him.
She flicked him a nervous glance.

bleary (a)
mờ mắt lờ mờ
(of eyes) not able to see clearly, especially because you are tired:
She had bleary red eyes from lack of sleep.
lofty (a)
cao thượng, cao quý
(approving) (of a thought, an aim, etc.) deserving praise because of its high moral
quality:
lofty ambitions / ideals / principles
So ... there it is, folks. If you are blearily staring at your computer screen, wondering
why on earth I am typing about something so silly, when this blog should be filled
with lofty ideals for the new year

bat (v)
nháy (mắt)
bat your eyes / eyelashes to open and close your eyes quickly, in a way that is
supposed to be attractive
When something surprising or shocking happens, if someone
doesn't bat an eyelid in British English, or doesn't bat an eye in
American English, they remain calm and do not show any reaction.

glower (v)
~ (at sb/sth) to look in an angry, aggressive way
SYN GLARE:
She glowered across the table at me. * Nicola stared at Tom, who glowered back.

flat (a)
dull; lacking interest or enthusiasm:
vô hồn
He felt very flat after his friends had gone home.
She just looked at me. Her eyes were
absolutely flat. I had never seen them like that before.

bloodshot (a)
(of eyes) with the part that is usually white full of red lines because of lack of sleep,
etc.
đỏ ngầu
His half-open eyes stared at a fixed point in space, bloodshot spheres that twitched in
our direction when we entered the room.

a twinkle in her eye

một cái nháy mắt

penetrating (a)
(of sb's eyes or the way they look at you) making you feel uncomfortable because the
person seems to know what you are thinking:
sắc sảo, thấu suốt, sâu sắc (cái nhìn...)
penetrating blue eyes * a penetrating gaze / look / stare

pop (v)
if your eyes pop or pop out, they suddenly open fully because you are surprised or
excited:
mắt lồi ra
Her eyes nearly popped out of her head when she saw them.
emaciated (a)
thin and weak, usually because of illness or lack of food:
gầy yếu, tiều tụy
He was thirty, but looked fifty, with pale skin, hopeless eyes and an emaciated body,
covered in sores.
Shaving, I discovered in the mirror that I was becoming emaciated. My eyes were
popping. I could hardly recognize myself.

scowl (n) (v)

an angry look or expression:
quắc mắt
He looked up at me with a scowl
~ (at sb/sth) to look at sb/sth in an angry or annoyed way
SYN GLOWER:
The receptionist scowled at me.
twisted (a)
(of a person's mind or behaviour) not normal; strange in an unpleasant way
SYN PERVERTED
Midori put her hands on my shoulders and looked me in the eye with a twisted scowl
that soon turned into a sweet smile. "It's true," she said.

spy (v)
(literary or formal) to suddenly see or notice sb/sth:
nhận ra, nhận thấy, phát hiện
In the distance we spied the Pacific for the first time.
At the airport in St Louis, Bill walked past a news-stand and spied the front-page
headline: "Plane crash kills six."

eyes bulge
mắt lồi ra
yelp (n) (v)
to give a sudden short cry, usually of pain
kêu ăng ẳng
where Tom's face turns massive purple and his eyes bulge before he leaps over the
building with a mighty roar and yelps for 10 minutes

glimpse (n) (v)

nhìn lướt qua, nhìn thoáng qua
hairslide (n)
cái trâm (cài tóc)
She wore a big, brown hairslide, and when she turned her head I caught a glimpse of a
small, white ear

skim (v)
đọc lướt qua
He was skimming through a golf magazine

spot (v)
(not used in the progressive tenses) to see or notice a person or thing, especially
suddenly or when it is not easy to do so:
phát hiện
I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.
I've just spotted a mistake on the front cover.
Can you spot the difference between these two pictures?

gawk (v)
~ (at sb/sth) (informal) to stare at sb/sth in a rude or stupid way
trố mắt nhìn một cách ngớ ngẩn
The usual crowd of gawkers filled the area.

HARD
machismo (n)
sự thể hiện nam tính một cách quá đáng; lòng tự tôn của kẻ nam nhi
You use machismo to refer to men's behaviour or attitudes when
they are very conscious and proud of their masculinity.
(from Spanish, usually disapproving) aggressive male behaviour that emphasizes the
importance of being strong rather than being intelligent and sensitive:
The culture of machismo is strong in some countries.
In the hotel, Legba "can forget the violence and the machismo outside"; become a
different person, sought after and competed for.

colloquialism (n)
a word or phrase that is used in conversation but not in formal speech or writing
lời nói thông tục, thành ngữ thông tục
Colloquialisms for Myiasis include "fly-strike" and "fly-blown".

cliché (n)
a phrase or an idea that has been used so often that it no longer has much meaning and
is not interesting
lời nói sáo rỗng, câu nói rập khuôn
It has become a cliche to say that Prague is the most beautiful city in Europe

rendezvous (n)
1 ~ (with sb) an arrangement to meet sb at a particular time and place:
I had a secret rendezvous with John that evening.
2 a place where people have arranged to meet:
He didn't recognize the address of the rendezvous.
a rendezvous point
3 a cafe, bar, etc. that is a popular place for people to meet:
a lively Paris rendezvous

milieu (n)
(from French, formal) the social environment that you live or work in:
môi trường
The findings of the report refer to a particular social and cultural milieu.
In recent years P.falciparum-infected mosquitoes have been stowed away on
international flights, infecting innocent bystanders within a few miles of airports, far
from malaria’s natural milieu
wrought (v)
(formal or literary) (used only in the past tense) caused sth to happen, especially a
change:
This century wrought major changes in our society.
The storm wrought havoc in the south.
And before we judge of them too harshly we must remember what ruthless and utter
destruction our own species has wrought, not only upon animals, such as the vanished
bison and the dodo, but upon its inferior races.

prima facie (n)

thoạt nhìn, nhìn qua
(from Latin, especially law) based on what at first seems to be true, although it may
be proved false later:
prima facie evidence

zero-sum (a)
of, relating to, or being a situation (as a game or relationship) in which a gain for one
side entails a corresponding loss for the other side
Nature is a zero-sum game, after all. Every buffalo you kill for your family is one less
for somebody else’s; every piece of land you occupy elbows out somebody else.

élan (n)
hoạt bát, mạnh mẽ, nhiệt tình
(from French, written) showing great enthusiasm and energy, style and confidence:
She performed with skill and elan.

baby boom (n)

the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II
 baby boomer (n)

generation X
the generation following the baby boom (especially Americans and Canadians born in
the 1960s and 1970s)
 Gen Xers

determinism (n)
(philosophy) the belief that people are not free to choose what they are like or how
they behave, because these things are decided by their background, surroundings and
other things over which they have no control
temperamental (a)
connected with sb's nature and personality:
(thuộc) tính khí
They are firm friends in spite of temperamental differences.
Humans often report the same kind of temperamental determinism

look askance (at sb/sth) | look (at sb/sth) askance

ngờ vực, nghi ngờ
(written) to look at or react to sb/sth with suspicion or doubt, or in a critical way:
The opposition party looked askance at most of the government's proposed policies.
She looked askance at him when he began to eat before everybody else.
A waiter in a tuxedo looked askance at his jeans.
As skeptical share-holders look ever more askance at overpaid corporate A-listers, the
B players are becoming more highly valued.

bourgeoisie (n)
1/ the middle classes in society:
the rise of the bourgeoisie in the nineteenth century
2/ (politics) the CAPITALIST class:
giai cấp tư sản
the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
boorish (a)
(of people and their behaviour) very unpleasant and rude
Even some members of the new bourgeoisie indulge in conspicuously boorish
behaviour…

saboteur (n)
người phá ngầm, người phá hoại
The saboteurs had planned to bomb buses and offices.

ennui (n)
(from French, literary) feelings of being bored and not satisfied because nothing
interesting is happening
sự buồn chán, sự chán nản
It's a good way to disguise one's ennui - simply rename your dull thought in the exotic
tongue of a faraway land and Bob's votre oncle

HYPHEN
pre-empt (v)
to prevent sth from happening by taking action to stop it:
reimburse (v)
hoàn lại, trả lại (số tiền đã tiêu)
We will reimburse any expenses incurred. * You will be reimbursed for any loss or
damage caused by our company.
Hoping to pre-empt a controversy, the authors of Proposition 71 declared that
scientists who received grants from the $3 billion California stem cell agency could
not pay egg donors but merely reimburse their expenses.

well-meaning (a)
trying to be helpful or useful in some way, but often producing a negative effect or
result
Alexis, a 35-year-old lawyer, told Whelan of her frightening scenario: "I've been told
by well-meaning relatives: 'Don't talk about work on a date, dumb it down…

high-minded (a)
of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style
có tâm hồn cao thượng; có tinh thần cao cả
Nothing about high-minded collaboration guarantees accuracy, and open editing
invites abuse
derring-do (n)
brave and heroic deeds

in-joke (n)
a joke that is only understood by a particular group of people
Calling the first one easy is an in-joke: it is easy in the sense that curing cancer or
sending someone to Mars is easy

RELIGION
levitate (v)
to rise and float in the air with no physical support, especially by means of magic or
by using special mental powers; to make sth rise in this way
bay lên, làm bay lên
He has claimed he can levitate...
Nina can, apparently, levitate a small ball between her hands.
...such magical powers as levitation, prophecy, and healing.

cast sb/sth<->out
(literary) to get rid of sb/sth, especially by using force:
He claimed to have the power to cast out demons
spell (n)
lời thần chú
invocation (n)
sự cầu khẩn
spirit (n)
thần linh, quỷ thần
efficacious (a) = effective (a)
lore (n)
knowledge and information related to a particular subject, especially when this is not
written down; the stories and traditions of a particular group of people:
tri thức
toàn bộ sự hiểu biết và truyền thuyết (về một vấn đề gì)
 folklore (n)
the traditions and stories of a country or community
văn học dân gian, truyền thống dân gian
Protection could only be sought by means of superstition: the invocation and casting
out of spirits, the performance of spells and rituals. Some rituals proved more
efficacious and persisted. This was the beginning of medical lore.

commandments (n)
điều răn, lời dạy bảo
Anyway, my religion was my M-16. Its commandments were to seek out the enemy
and kill or capture him. I did my religion very well.

causes and effects

nhân và quả

religious affiliation
If you have an affiliation with a group or another person, you have
a close or official connection with them. (FORMAL)
...Johnson's affiliation with shoe company Nike...
They asked what her political affiliations were.

blessing (n)
phúc lành

mindfulness (n)
chánh niệm

deliberation (n)
sự chú tâm
the quality of being slow and careful in what you say or do:
The following is the prayer we use in Zen Center at meals. Our bowls are sets,
wrapped in cloth, and each step is done with deliberation and mindfulness.

clinging (n)
phụ thuộc về tình cảm
too dependent on another person
Third, as we desire the natural condition of mind
To be free from clinging.

martyr (n)
a person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political
beliefs:
kẻ tử vì đạo
martyrdom (n)
tử vì đạo

devout (a)
(of a person) believing strongly in a particular religion and obeying its laws and
practices
mộ đạo, sùng đạo
…he is a devout Muslim

cult (n)
giáo phái

clergy (n)
tăng lữ, giáo sĩ
chapel (n)
nhà thờ nhỏ

steeple (n)
gác chuông, tháp chuông

witch, wizard

exorcism (n)
the act of getting rid of an evil spirit from a place or a person's body by prayers or
magic; a ceremony where this is done:
lời phù phép, câu thần chú (để đuổi tà ma)
A priest performed an exorcism and afterwards the ghost disappeared.
Yes. I didn't realise that until I started to talk about making the film and I realised I
had been grieving over her sudden disappearance during the making of the film. I had
an exorcism there.

metaphysical (a)
siêu hình
the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of existence, truth and knowledge
No attempted is made to explain suffering in terms of a metaphysical concept or
myths

Supreme being: Một Đấng siêu nhân, đấng chí tôn Thượng đế

biblical (a)
connected with the Bible; in the Bible:
biblical scholarship / times / scenes * biblical stories / passages

apostate (n)
người bỏ đạo
(formal) a person who has rejected their religious or political beliefs
The speaker said any Arab ruler who supported Washington in attacking Iraq was "an
apostate whose blood should be spilled”

deify (v)
(formal) to treat or worship sb as a god
sùng bái, tôn sùng (như thần thánh)
Having said that, I have noticed that in this country we have this irritating tendency to
deify any public figure who dies
Clearly not so - now that we have abandoned God, we are seemingly prepared to
deify and worship anyone, from sledging Aussie cricket captains to

pagan (n)
người theo tà giáo
1/ a person who holds religious beliefs that are not part of any of the world's main
religions
2/ used in the past by Christians to describe a person who did not believe in
Christianity
conviction (n)
niềm tin tưởng kiên cố
(that...) a strong opinion or belief:
strong political / moral convictions * She was motivated by deep religious conviction.
* a conviction that all would be well in the end

intone (v), chant (v)

cầu kinh, tụng kinh
(formal) to say sth in a slow and serious voice without much expression:
[VN] The priest intoned the final prayer
One video on the Internet shows Saddam drop through the trap while still intoning the
Muslim profession of faith

proselytize (v)
(formal, often disapproving) to try to persuade other people to accept your beliefs,
especially about religion or politics
I don't blog to attract a huge following, proselytize people to my religion, convert
them to my moral or ethical precepts, my way of life or ideas, or make money out of
them

ascetic (a)
khổ hạnh
not allowing yourself physical pleasures, especially for religious reasons; related to a
simple and strict way of living:
The monks lived a very ascetic life. * Living hidden away in the mountains suited his
ascetic character.
These changes in Wittgenstein's inner and outer life left him both haunted and yet
invigorated to follow a new, ascetic life

sacrifice (v)
cúng, tế
To sacrifice an animal or person means to kill them in a special
religious ceremony as an offering to a god.
The priest sacrificed a chicken...

ordain (v)
truyền giới

SOUNDS
Somewhere behind the sound of a sloshing shaker and clinking glasses and the scrape
of an ice maker, Sarah Vaughan sang an old-fashioned love song.
Đâu đó đằng sau âm thanh của một cái bình lắc rượu và tiếng li cốc lanh canh xen với
tiếng lạo xạo của máy làm nước đá, Sarah Vaughan đang hát một ban tình cả theo kiểu
ngày xưa

sound (v)
kêu vang
to produce a sound; to make sth such as a musical instrument produce a sound:
[V] The bell sounded for the end of the class. * [VN] Passing motorists sounded their
horns in support

toot (v)
when a car horn toots or you toot it, it makes a short high sound: [V] the sound of
horns tooting * [VN] Toot your horn to let them know we're here.

pur (v)  (a)

(of a machine or vehicle) to make a low continuous sound; to move making such a
sound:
kêu rừ... ừ... ừ...
a purring engine * The car purred away.
Signs of the so-called 'Celtic Tiger' economy were everywhere, from the cranes
dotting the skyline to the new Mercedes purring around town
I love your writing, I love stormy nights with my kitty sitting on my lap and purring.

raspy (a)
khan (tiếng)
(of sb's voice) having a rough sound, as if the person has a sore throat
When his office heard The Sunday Age was making inquiries, he was on the phone
about his medical progress; indeed, he told us he had been informed that his famously
raspy voice might even come out a little improved
"Aw, I really don't mind," he tells me with a sigh, raspy with his asthma. "I wouldn't
have minded staying on for another year or so, but it's all right to

shrill (a)
(of sounds or voices) very high and loud, in an unpleasant way:
the thé, lanh lảnh, điếc tai, inh tai
a shrill voice / whistle / laugh
Once in a while, shrill female laughter splashed all over the place

drumming (n)
âm thanh có nhịp, liên tục
a continuous sound or feeling like the beats of a drum:
the steady drumming of the rain on the tin roof
The darkness of the night making it so easy to imagine that the buffeting rain is
actually the rapid drumming of mysterious fingers

rustle (v)
kêu xào xạc, kêu sột soạt
snatch (n)
đoạn, khúc
a very small part of a conversation or some music that you hear
SYN SNIPPET:
a snatch of music * I only caught snatches of the conversation
A puff of wind swept across the meadow and through her hair before it slipped into
the woods to rustle branches and send back snatches of distant barking
splat (n)
(informal) the sound made by sth wet hitting a surface with force:
The tomato hit the wall with a splat.

clunk (n)
a dull sound made by two heavy objects hitting each other:
tiếng lục cục
the clunk of a car door being shut
With a wooden clunk, she dragged a chair out and sat down opposite, staring straight
at me through her sunglasses, then glancing at my plate

creak (n) (v)

tiếng cọt kẹt, tiếng cót két, tiếng kẽo kẹt
floorboard (n)
ván lót sàn
[V] She heard a floorboard creak upstairs. * a creaking bed / gate / stair * The table
creaked and groaned under the weight.
They could never have imagined the poor, little Kobayashi Bookshop. The door
creaks open and you see nothing but magazines

clatter (n) (v)

if hard objects clatter, they knock together and make a loud noise:
tiếng lạch cạch
He dropped the knife and it clattered on the stone floor. * Her cup clattered in the
saucer
A newspaper helicopter clattered overhead, took photographs and flew away.

heave (v)
~ a sigh, etc. to make a sound slowly and often with effort:
We all heaved a sigh of relief. * She heaved a long sigh.
Every now and then as I walked along I would stop, turn, and heave a deep sigh for no
particular reason

rattle (v)
to make a series of short loud sounds when hitting against sth hard; to make sth do
this:
làm kêu lách cách, làm kêu lạch cạch; rung lách cách
[V] Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. * He shook me so hard that my
teeth rattled.

grunt (n)
short, low sound made by a person or an animal (especially a pig):
tiếng ậm ừ
to give a grunt of effort / pain
…their aunt from Takaido would visit in a few days; the chemist, Mr Miyawaki, had
fallen off his bike: stuff like that. Her father responded with grunts.

penetrating (a)
A penetrating sound is loud and usually high-pitched.
Mary heard the penetrating bell of an ambulance...
= piercing

shrill (a)
(of sounds or voices) very high and loud, in an unpleasant way:
the thé, lanh lảnh, điếc tai, inh tai
a shrill voice / whistle / laugh

slurp (v)
to make a loud noise while you are drinking sth:
húp xoàn xoạt
[VN] He was slurping his tea. * [V] She slurped noisily from her cup
"She's a great girl," I said, slurping my miso soup.

jangle (v)
to make a harsh sound, like two pieces of metal hitting each other; to make sth do this:
kêu lanh canh
[V] The shop bell jangled loudly. * jangling pianos * [VN] He jangled the keys in his
pocket.
Midori's bracelets jangled on her arm as she waved to the waiter and ordered another
Tom Collins and a small bowl of pistachios.

clink (v)
to make or cause sth to make a sharp ringing sound, like that of glasses being hit
against each other:
tiếng lanh canh
[V] clinking coins * [VN] They clinked glasses and drank to each other's health.

slosh (v)
(of liquid) to move around making a lot of noise or coming out over the edge of sth:
óc ách, róc rách
The water was sloshing around under our feet.

scrape (v) (n)

to make an unpleasant noise by rubbing against a hard surface; to make sth do this:
lạo xạo
[V] I could hear his pen scraping across the paper.

Somewhere behind the sound of a sloshing shaker and clinking glasses and the scrape
of an ice maker, Sarah Vaughan sang an old-fashioned love song.
Đâu đó đằng sau âm thanh của một cái bình lắc rượu và tiếng li cốc lanh canh xen với
tiếng lạo xạo của máy làm nước đá, Sarah Vaughan đang hát một ban tình cả theo kiểu
ngày xưa

jarring (a)
chói tai
crunch (n)
tiếng nghiến, tiếng răng rắc, tiếng lạo xạo
Then he heard the crash. Not explosive, more like a jarring CRUNCH

yelp (n) (v)

to give a sudden short cry, usually of pain
kêu ăng ẳng
eyes bulge
mắt lồi ra
where Tom's face turns massive purple and his eyes bulge before he leaps over the
building with a mighty roar and yelps for 10 minutes

whoop (v)
whoop (v)
to shout loudly because you are happy or excited
kêu, la, reo, hò reo
She whoops with delight at a promise of money.

crackle (n)
a series of short sharp sounds:
tiếng tanh tách, tiếng răng rắc, tiếng lốp bốp
the distant crackle of machine-gun fire * Erika picked up the phone and through a
barrage of crackles heard a familiar voice.
Second, even as it's kick-starting the body, the amygdala sends out a crackle of signals
to the rest of the brain

rumble (v) (n)

to make a long deep sound or series of sounds:
làm ầm ầm, tiếng ầm ầm
The machine rumbled as it started up.
thunder rumbling in the distance

snarl (v)
~ (sth) (at sb) to speak in an angry or bad tempered way:
gầm gừ
'Get out of here!' he snarled.
She snarled abuse at anyone who happened to walk past.

blare (v)
~ (sth) (out) to make a loud unpleasant noise:
[V] police cars with lights flashing and sirens blaring
Music blared out from the open window
Arctic Sunrise's captain, Arne Sorensen, sounded the ship's horn repeatedly and called
on the radio for the Nisshin Maru to swing clear. The factory ship's horn blared in
reply.

rattle (v)
to make a series of short loud sounds when hitting against sth hard; to make sth do
this:
làm kêu lách cách, làm kêu lạch cạch; rung lách cách
[V] Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. * He shook me so hard that my
teeth rattled.
"Sometimes," she said, rattling the ice in her glass. "Sometimes, when the world gets
too hard to live in, I come here for a vodka and tonic."
 81. cooing
82. deafening
83. faint
84. harsh
85. high-pitched
86. hissing
87. hushed
88. husky
89. loud
90. melodic
91. moaning
92. mute
93. noisy
94. purring
95. quiet
96. raspy
97. resonant
98. screeching
99. shrill
100.silent
101.soft
102.squealing
103.thundering
104.voiceless
105.whispering

voiceless (a)
A voiceless speech sound is one that is produced without vibration
of the vocal cords. (TECHNICAL)

screech (n)
tiếng kêu thất thanh, tiếng thét, tiếng rít
`Get me some water, Jeremy!' I screeched...
...a player who screeches at you on the field.
= shriek

resonant (a)
âm vang
A sound that is resonant is deep and strong.
His voice sounded oddly resonant in the empty room...

raspy (a)
If someone has a raspy voice, they make rough sounds as if they
have a sore throat or have difficulty in breathing. (LITERARY)
Both men sang in a deep, raspy tone...

mute (a)
im hơi lặng tiếng
Someone who is mute is silent for a particular reason and does not
speak.
 He was mute, distant, and indifferent...

moan (v) (n)

tiếng than van, tiếng kêu van, tiếng rên rĩ

groan (v) (n)

rên rĩ

cooing (a)  coo (v)

tiếng gù của bồ câu
that is making a soft cry
(Example: "The cooing pigeons")
Pigeons fluttered in and out, cooing gently.

deafening (a)
very loud:
làm điếc; làm inh tai, làm chói tai
deafening applause * The noise of the machine was deafening. * the deafening roar of
the sea * The government's response to the report has been a deafening silence (= it
was very noticeable that nothing was said or done).

faint (a)
that cannot be clearly seen, heard or smelt:
mờ nhạt, không rõ
We could hear their voices growing fainter as they walked down the road. * His
breathing became faint.

harsh (a)
unpleasant to listen to:
a harsh voice

hushed (a)
(of voices) speaking very quietly:
a hushed tone / voice / whisper * They were deep in hushed conversation.
The crowd in Rod Laver Arena had been hushed in the first set, expecting more of a
contest, and now was hushed again, longing for a contest
All behave with tremendous graciousness, employing hushed tones and self-
consciously calm physical gestures, as if the Queen herself might materialise from
behind a display cabinet at any moment
It was great when I lived where there was snow, you could hear it coming in the night:
everything became silent, a few moments, maybe hours, of expectation and hushed
waiting...and then here it comes! Wonderful images! Thanks, Pet!

husky (a)
(of a person or their voice) sounding deep, quiet and rough, sometimes in an attractive
way:
khản, khàn (giọng); khản tiếng, nói khàn khàn (người)
She spoke in a husky whisper.

melodic, melodious (a)

pleasant to listen to, like music:
du dương, êm tai
a rich melodious voice
She spoke in a quietly melodious voice.

VIETNAMESE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuisine_of_Vietnam
http://englishtime.us/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=1754

pothole (n)
ổ gà
potholes in the road

encrusted (a)  (n)

~ (with / in sth) covered with a thin hard layer of sth; forming a thin hard layer on sth:
khảm, nạm
a crown encrusted with diamonds
encrusted blood
In 2001, two years before the Packers's 40th anniversary, Kerry gave his wife a
$70,000 Louis Vuitton charm bracelet, with nine gem-encrusted charms, including a
diamond-studded Eiffel Tower.
incrustation (n)
The uncovered part had the appearance of a huge cylinder, caked over and its outline
softened by a thick scaly dun-coloured incrustation

consolation price (n)

giải an ủi (vé số)

Renovation Period (n)

thời kì đổi mới
In a historic shift in 1986, the Communist Party of Vietnam implemented free-market
reforms known as Đổi Mới (Renovation).

water spinach (n)

rau muống

Vietnamese coriander (n)

rau răm
fertilized duck egg (n)
hột vịt lộn

communal bowl of rice (n)

nồi cơm (ăn chung cả gia đình)

vermicelli, rice vermicelli (n)

rice noodles, rice sticks
bún

broth (n)
nước luộc thịt
thick soup made by boiling meat or fish and vegetables in water
A communal bowl of canh (a clear broth with vegetables and often meat) or other
Vietnamese-style soup

cocktail delicacy (n)

món nhậu

cockfighting (n)
đá gà

dogfighting (n)
đá chó

Virgin Mary’s Cathedral

nhà thờ Đức Bà

incense (n)
nhang
a substance that produces a pleasant smell when you burn it, used particularly in
religious ceremonies

hammock (n)
cái võng

nursery rhyme
bài hát ru????
a simple traditional poem or song for children

reap (v)
to cut and collect a crop, especially corn, from a field
gặt (lúa...)

altar (n)
cái bàn thờ

bran (n)
cám
hedge (n)
a row of bushes or small trees planted close together, usually along the edge of a field,
garden/yard or road:
hàng rào, bờ dậu
a privet hedge

grime (n)  (a)

bụi bẩn
grimy (a)
…the grimy, soulless apartment blocks that ring France’s big cities.

slime (n)
bùn
any unpleasant thick liquid substance:
The pond was full of mud and green slime. * Snails and slugs leave a trail of slime.

polio (n)
bệnh bại liệt
an infectious disease that affects the central nervous system and can cause temporary
or permanent PARALYSIS (= loss of control or feeling or most of the body)

rabies (n)
bệnh dại

castrate (v)
to remove the TESTICLES of a male animal or person
thiến

swelter (v)  (a)

to be very hot in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable:
nóng oi ả, nóng ngột ngạt
Passengers sweltered in temperatures of over 90F.

sweltering (a)
The cold snap, across Victoria, which follows sweltering conditions less than a week
ago, is tipped to continue

watermark (n)
a symbol or design in some types of paper, which can be seen when the paper is held
against the light
bóng chìm

orchid (n)
a plant with brightly coloured flowers of unusual shapes. There are many different
types of orchid and some of them are very rare.
cây lan, cây phong lan

orchard (n)
a piece of land, normally enclosed, in which fruit trees are grown:
vường cây ăn quả
apple orchards

trademark (n)
nhãn hiệu, thương hiệu, hiệu
Dressed in a white Louis Vuitton string bikini, white shorts and trademark oversized
sunglasses, the hotel heiress drew a huge crowd of onlookers

designer (label) clothes:

đồ hiệu
Designer clothes or designer labels are expensive, fashionable clothes made by a
famous designer, rather than being made in large quantities in a factory.
He wears designer clothes and drives an antique car...

housewarming party
tiệc tân gia

enclave (n)
an area of a country or city where the people have a different religion, culture or
NATIONALITY from those who live in the country or city that surrounds it
The Nation newspaper reported a suspected bomb was found at the Buddy Bar in
the tourist enclave of Khao San Road half an hour after midnight and tourists were
evacuated; and that at 1am police defused another bomb at the Lumpini Night Bazaar

cracker (n)
pháo
a tube of coloured paper that makes a loud explosive sound when it is pulled open by
two people. Crackers usually contain a paper hat, a small present and a joke, and are
used in Britain at Christmas parties and meals:
Who wants to pull this cracker with me?

firecracker (n)
a small FIREWORK that explodes with a loud noise:
to let / set off firecrackers

jump a red light

vượt đèn đỏ

reckless driving
chạy ẩu

on-the-spot fine
phạt tại chỗ

tailback (n)
(BrE) a long line of traffic that is moving slowly or not moving at all, because sth is
blocking the road:
It took a couple of hours for the two-mile tailback to clear.
The flooding led to six-mile tailbacks between west London and Heathrow Airport.
flat shoes
giày, dép thấp

highheels, high heels (n)  high-heeled (a)

giày cao gót
Taller girls that only wear flat shoes, and shorter girls wearing chunky highheels
click (n)
tiếng lách cách
It's the click of high heels that gets our attention

court shoe (n)

giày cao gót (thấp hơn high heels)
a woman's formal shoe that is plain and does not cover the top part of the foot

prickle (n)
(thực vật học) gai (trên cây)

embroider (v)
~ A (on B) | ~ B (with A) to decorate fabric with a pattern of stitches usually using
coloured thread:
thêu
[VN] an embroidered blouse * She embroidered flowers on the cushion covers. * She
embroidered the cushion cover with flowers. * The sleeves were embroidered in gold.
[also V]

knit (v)
đan

ward (n)?

province > district > commune > hamplet

province (n)
tỉnh

district (n)
quận, huyện

commune (n)
xã, thị trấn

hamlet (n)
a very small village
ấp, làng nhỏ, xóm, thôn

make someone's flesh creep

làm cho ai sởn gai ốc
I always hated that statue. It gave me the creeps.

full-moon day
ngày rằm

bridegroom (n)
chú rể

bride (n)
cô dâu

card (n)
wedding card (n)
thiệp đám cưới
They don’t know about you but I think weddings would bring perfect happiness if
only they didn’t startle guests when receiving cards, if only they didn’t wear out
guests’ patience

contraband (n)
hàng lậu
border gate (n)
cửa khẩu
Border gate market: paradise for contraband shopping.

sidewalk (n), pavement (n)

vỉa hè
They even use the sidewalks to open their shopping malls, displaying of goods
innumerable in shape and pattern

passers-by (n)
người qua đường, người đi đường

go to the barber's
đi cắt tóc
He'd even point out when it was time for me to go to the barber's or trim my nasal
hair.

draw lot (v)

rút thăm

communal life (n)

cuộc sống chung
resignation (n)
sự cam chịu; sự nhẫn nhục
I stood it for three days because they had told us that communal life called for a
certain degree of resignation, but by the morning of the fourth day, I couldn't take it
any more

hairslide (n)
cái trâm (cài tóc)
She wore a big, brown hairslide, and when she turned her head I caught a glimpse of a
small, white ear.
shady (a)
có bóng râm, có bóng mát
Find a shady place which gives you a wide range of things to observe, spread a piece
of old newspaper on the pavement, sit down and enjoy a cup of coffee (or any other
drink you like).

cushioned chairs
ghế nệm

air (v)
phơi

mimick (v)
nhái

pottage (n)
cháo
Midori's father was given pottage, fruit, boiled, deboned fish, and vegetables that had
been ground into some kind of jelly.

stool (n)
(often in compounds) a seat with legs but with nothing to support your back or arms:
ghế đẩu
a bar stool * a piano stool

toothpick (n)
tăm xỉa răng
Then I cut a bitesized piece of cucumber, wrapped it with a strip of nori, stabbed the
combination with a toothpick, dipped it in soy sauce, and delivered it to the patient's
waiting mouth.

pool (n)
bi da
a game for two people played with 16 coloured balls on a table, often in pubs and
bars. Players use CUES (= long sticks) to try to hit the balls into pockets at the edge
of the table:
a pool table / hall * to shoot (= play) pool

baize (n)
a thick woollen fabric that is usually green, used especially for covering card tables
and BILLIARD, SNOOKER or POOL tables
nỉ
Watching her in action - her carefully set hair swept back out of her eyes, golden
earrings sparkling, court shoes set firmly on the floor, lovely, slender fingers pressing
the green baize as she took her shot

mothball (n)
long não
The smell of mothballs lingered in the thick jumper I had just taken out of a storage
box.
drought (n)
a long period of time when there is little or no rain
Drought and famines have killed up to two million people here.

draught (a)
served from a large container (= a BARREL) rather than in a bottle:
draught beer
bia hơi

varnish (n)
vẹc ni
I cleaned a thick layer of dust off the table and gave it a new coat of varnish.

cottage (n)
nhà tranh
a small house, especially in the country:
a charming country cottage with roses around the door * (BrE) a holiday cottage

power pole (n)

cột điện
A power pole hit by the Otter had been ripped from the earth and live wires rested on
the plane's shorn left wing
shear (v)
sheared, shorn
~ (sth) (off) (technical) (especially of metal) to break under pressure; to cut through
sth and make it break:
[V] The bolts holding the wheel in place sheared off.

solicit (v)
(of a prostitute) to offer to have sex with people in return for money:
gạ gẫm, níu kéo, chài
[V] Prostitutes solicited openly in the streets. * the crime of soliciting
Girls with heavy make-up and short skirts stood in front of the shops, soliciting men

increase shift
tăng ca

loot (v)
to steal things from shops/stores or buildings after a RIOT, fire, etc:
hôi của
[VN] More than 20 shops were looted.
The coastguard asked the public to stay away - both for their own safety and to
prevent looting.

dried cuttlefish
khô mực
a schoolboy saw an old woman selling grilled and dried cuttlefish on the sidewalk

grilled fermented pork roll

nem chua nuong
lane (n)
đường nhỏ, đường làng
đường hẻm, ngõ hẻm (ở thành phố)
Far from home, Vietnamese students studying overseas pine for the taste of nem chua
on Tam Thuong lane (Nem chua headquarters!) off Hang Gai street in the capital’s old
quarter

alley, alleyway (n)

An alley is a narrow passage or street with buildings or walls on both sides.

jostle (v)
to push roughly against sb in a crowd:
xô đẩy, chen lấn
[VN] The visiting president was jostled by angry demonstrators.
That’s why on these cool winter nights on Hanoi’s Tam Thuong lane you can see
people on motorbikes trying to jostle through the crowds while taking in the nostalgic
smell of grilled nem chua

biết chết liền

I certainly don’t know

buồn như con chuồn chuồn

as sad as a dragonfly

chán như con gián

as bored as a cockroach

nhỏ như con thỏ

as small as a rabbit

lớn như con lợn

as big as a pig

rhyme (n)
có vần
the use of words in a poem or song that have the same sound, especially at the ends of
lines:
a poem written in rhyme * the poet's use of rhyme * a poem with an unusual rhyme
scheme
The only meaningful thing in all of these expressions is their rhymes

Sao Mai Rendezvous

sao mai điểm hẹn
To prepare for big shows like Sao Mai Rendezvous (which is similar to the show
“American Idol”), Star of TV Music Show etc, Vietnamese show organizers usually
have to invite foreign experts to train their singers

insensate (a)
vô tri vô giác
Babies, many animals and patients robbed of speech by brain damage are not
insensate robots; they have reactions like ours that indicate that someone's home

counterfeit (n) (v)

nhái mẫu mã
Counterfeit money, goods, or documents are not genuine, but have been made to look
exactly like genuine ones in order to deceive people.
He admitted possessing and delivering counterfeit currency.
= fake

forge (v)  forgery (n)

If someone forges something such as a banknote, a document, or a painting, they
copy it or make it so that it looks genuine, in order to deceive people.
She alleged that Taylor had forged her signature on the form...
They used forged documents to leave the country.

establishment (n)
cơ sở, tổ chức
Most recently, HCM City Policy discovered an establishment which specialises in
counterfeiting wine in district 12, HCM City, where several thousand bottles of
counterfeit wine were seized

politburo (n)
the most important committee of a Communist party, with the power to decide on
policy, especially in the former USSR
bộ chính trị

mushroom (v)
(từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) mọc nhanh, phát triển nhanh (như nấm)
Bangkok's industrial-strength sex trade first developed during the Vietnam War to
cater to American soldiers on R&R. Since then, it has mushroomed, luring both locals
and sex tourists from around the world

board up (v)
board sth<->up
to cover a window, door, etc. with wooden boards:
Most buildings along the street had been boarded up.
façade (n)
the front of a building:
mặt tiền
a classical facade
The railroad station in the Angolan town of Dondo hasn't seen a train in years. Its
windows are boarded up, its pale pink façade crumbling away

sack (n)
bao tải

bound for
hướng về, hướng đến
"Before the Chinese came here, you couldn't find any work," says Ba, a Burmese
immigrant, taking a cigarette and Red Bull break from his task hauling sacks of
sunflower seeds from a boat onto a truck bound for Bangkok.

mangrove (n)
a tropical tree that grows in mud or at the edge of rivers and sends roots down from its
branches:
cây đước
mangrove swamps

sideline (n)
nghề tay trái
an activity that you do as well as your main job in order to earn extra money:
His hobby of winemaking was fast becoming a profitable sideline

sleep-walk (v)
mộng du

paddy (n)
a field in which rice is grown:
a rice paddy
Some came willingly to escape a life in the rice paddies. Others, of course, were sold
into the business

cock (v)
to raise a part of your body so that it is upright or at an angle:
ngẩn, ngẩn đầu lên
The dog cocked its leg by every tree on our route (= in order to urinate).

lacquer (v)
to cover sth such as wood or metal with lacquer:
a lacquered Chinese table
sơn mài
lacquer (n)
Lacquer is a special liquid which is painted on wood or metal in order to protect it
and to make it shiny.
We finished all the little fried and grilled and pickled items in the separate
compartments of our fancy lacquered half-moon lunch boxes, drank our clear soup
from lacquered bowls, and our green tea from those white cups.

hamlet (n)
a very small village
làng nhỏ, xóm, thôn

cleaver (n)
a heavy knife with a broad blade, used for cutting large pieces of meat
con dao phay

peasant (n)
nông dân
pluck (v)
~ sb (from sth) (written) to remove sb from a place or situation, especially one that is
unpleasant or dangerous:
= rescue (v) ???
1/ hái (trái, hoa)
I plucked a lemon from the tree...
2/ kéo, giật
He plucked the cigarette from his mouth and tossed it out into the street...
3/ gãy đàn
4/ nhổ lông gà
She looked relaxed as she plucked a chicken.
Police plucked a drowning girl from the river yesterday. * Survivors of the wreck
were plucked to safety by a helicopter
I live in fear that any day I could be plucked from my cell in the dead of night and
taken to another prison in a remote part of Indonesia," Corby wrote in her book, My
Story, which was released late last year

repatriate (v)  # (v)

to send or bring sb back to their own country:
hồi hương
The refugees were forcibly repatriated.
The insurance will cover the costs of repatriating you and your family in the case of
an accident.
expatriate (v)

AGRICULTURE
reap (v)
to cut and collect a crop, especially corn, from a field
gặt (lúa...)

mulch (n)
material, for example, decaying leaves, that you put around a plant to protect its base
and its roots, to improve the quality of the soil or to stop WEEDS growing
(nông nghiệp) lớp phủ, bổi (che phủ bảo vệ rễ cây mới trồng)
They committed to a range of measures, including using mulch on the garden and
water-saving devices in showers and toilets

rake (n)
cái cào

shear (n)
kéo lớn (để tỉa cây, xén lông cừu...)
pull weeds
nhổ cỏ dại

prune (v)
to cut off some of the branches from a tree, bush, etc. so that it will grow better and
stronger:
xén, tỉa
When should you prune apple trees? * He pruned the longer branches off the tree. *
The hedge needs pruning back.
From my landlord I borrowed a rake and broom and pruning shears and spent my time
pulling weeds and trimming bushes

sow (v) sowed, sown

gieo (hạt)
Sow the seeds in rows. * The fields around had been sown with wheat. * Sow rows of
lettuces between other vegetables.

PLANE
taxi (v)
(of a plane) to move slowly along the ground before taking off or after landing
The pilot taxied the plane to the end of the runway.

fuselage (n)
thân máy bay
the main part of an aircraft in which passengers and goods are carried

fuselage (n)
the main part of an aircraft in which passengers and goods are carried
(hàng không) thân máy bay
flap (n)
flat piece of paper, etc.
The tail had snapped and hung from the fuselage like a flap of loose skin.

airstrip (n)
đường băng

airfield (n)
sân bay
an area of flat ground where military or private planes can take off and land

fighter (n)
A fighter or a fighter plane is a fast military aircraft that is used
for destroying other aircraft.

hangar (n)
a large building in which aircraft are kept
Benno ran back into the hangar, yelling: "There's something wrong."
GRAMMAR

PREPOSITION
About 10 big films were produced in both the north and the south. Private production
companies vied with each other to pour a lot of money into new movies, each of
which cost over 3 billion dong.

at the end of the year

On these days, the whole border town gets much busier than usual

Goods are at an incredibly cheap price.

Illegal goods are transported in very complicated ways, mainly in the night time and
on the trails through the forests

The rush hour in the afternoon when Pasteur Road is most crowded is also the busiest
time at the afternoon café

Hoa, 20 years old, with the latest PS motorbike, highlighted hair, teeth in shiny
braces, and the upper hem of her trousers revealing a scorpion tattoo, threw herself on
the ground at a pavement café

SENTENCES
Bangkok was struck by a second wave of bombs at midnight, on a shopping
boulevard that would have been packed with thousands of revellers had authorities not
called off the New Year's Eve festivities

Only after talking with him for some time did I remember that he had known me in a
business

Cards read 5 P.M sharp as the time weddings starts

Cool Biz, Top Runner, even the hybrid taxi I took home from the office last night are
all great ideas, but none of them can yet keep up with Japan's ballooning growth
FORMAL WORDS
analogous (a) = similar (a)
 analogy (n)
Sleep has often been thought of as being in some way analogous to death
Moreover, the propagation of sound in an uneven fluid flow is closely analogous to
the propagation of light in a curved spacetime
analogue (n)
(formal or technical) a thing that is similar to another thing:
vật tương tự
Scientists are attempting to compare features of extinct animals with living analogues
Physicists have grappled with this problem by studying black hole analogues

manifest (v) = demonstrate (v)

Social tensions were manifested in the recent political crisis.

observe (v) = remark (v)

She observed that it was getting late
"Your cases have indeed been of the greatest interest to me," I observed.

endeavor (v)
(formal) to try very hard to do sth
SYN STRIVE

entitlement (n) = right (n)

altercation (n)
disagreement, argument

imperative (n)
(formal) a thing that is very important and needs immediate attention or action
điều cấp bách, khẩn thiết
After all, malaria not only kills, it holds back human and economic development.
Tackling it is now an international imperative.

residual (a) = remaining (a)

…who come through their acute illness with no residual effects

propound (v)
(formal) to suggest an idea or explanation of sth for people to consider
SYN PROPOSE
the theory of natural selection, first propounded by Charles Darwin

singular (a)
(literary) unusual; strange:
đặc biệt, kì dị
a singular style of dress / writing
That was my singular interview with Professor Moriarty.

engage (v) = employ (v)

sb (as sth) (formal) to employ sb to do a particular job:
[VN] He is currently engaged as a consultant.
We will have to engage the services of a translator.
I saw in the papers that he had been engaged by the French government upon a matter
of supreme importance

congenial (a) = suitable (a)

~ (to sth) (formal) suitable for sth:
a situation that was congenial to the expression of nationalist opinions
the recent cases …have left me in such a position that I could continue to live in the
quiet fashion which is most congenial to me, and to concentrate my attention upon my
chemical researches

antagonist (n) = opponent (n)

định thủ, đối thủ

hamper (v) = hinder (v)

persecute (v)
to deliberately annoy sb all the time and make their life unpleasant:
quấy rầy
Why are the media persecuting him like this?
 persecution (n)
…at the end of March I was absolutely hampered in my plans; and now, at the close
of April, I find myself placed in such a position through your continual persecution
that I am in positive danger of losing my liberty. The situation is becoming an
impossible one.

compliment (n)
lời khen, lời ca tụng

transact (v)
~ (sth) (with sb) (formal) to do business with a person or an organization:
buyers and sellers transacting business
I went out about mid-day to transact some business in Oxford Street.

render (v)
(formal) to cause sb/sth to be in a particular state or condition:
làm, làm cho
to render sth harmless / useless / ineffective
Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.

profess (v)
to claim that sth is true or correct, especially when it is not:
tự cho, tự nhận,tự xưng là
1/ [VN] She still professes her innocence. * [V to inf] I don't profess to be an expert in
this subject.
2/ to state openly that you have a particular belief, feeling, etc:
tuyên bố, bày tỏ
[VN] He professed his admiration for their work. * [VN-ADJ] She professed herself
satisfied with the progress so far.
3/ [VN] to belong to a particular religion:
theo (đạo…)
to profess Christianity / Islam / Judaism
ingenuous (a) #
(formal, sometimes disapproving) honest, innocent and willing to trust people
SYN NAIVE:
chân thật, ngây thơ
It is ingenuous to suppose that money did not play a part in his decision.
 disingenuous (a)
không thành thực, không trung thực
Any profession of surprise from scientists about recent events in Korea seems
disingenuous.

traverse (v)
(formal or technical) to cross an area of land or water:
đi ngang qua, vượt qua
skiers traversing the slopes
The region is traversed by several roads.
Having had his expectations dashed by Howard before, the Treasurer spent much of
this year preparing for the transition and trying to broaden his appeal by speaking out
on a wider range of issues and traversing new territory

adherent (n)
(written) a person who supports a political party or set of ideas
Preventing, as opposed to treating, malaria in highly vulnerable hosts – primarily
African children and pregnant women – is also gaining adherents.

elapse (v)
(not usually used in the progressive tenses) (formal) if a period of time elapses, it
passes:
Many years elapsed before they met again.

foment (v)
(formal) to create trouble or violence or make it worse
SYN INCITE:
xúi bẩy, xúi giục, khích…
They accused him of fomenting political unrest.
It was a first-rate campaign that fomented the type of community, media, and
workplace debate that parliamentary politics can rarely strike.
[VN] to incite crime / racial hatred / violence
They were accused of inciting the crowd to violence

abate (v)
(formal) to become less strong; to make sth less strong:
làm dịu đi, làm yếu đi
=decrease, subside
[V] The storm showed no signs of abating.
They waited for the crowd's fury to abate.
[VN] Steps are to be taken to abate pollution.

demeanour (n)
(formal) the way that sb looks or behaves
cử chỉ, thái độ
He maintained a professional demeanour throughout.

purport (v)
(formal) to claim to be sth or to have done sth, when this may not be true:
có nội dung, có ý nghĩa là
The book does not purport to be a complete history of the period.
His paper, published in May by the journal Science, purported to describe the creation
of 11 human embryo clones using DNA from patients suffering from spinal cord
injuries and genetic diseases

procure (v)
~ sth (for sth) (formal) to obtain sth, especially with difficulty
She managed to procure a ticket for the concert.
When I returned home my first care was to procure the whole works of this author,
and afterwards of Paracelsus and Albertus Magnus

lineaments (n)
(rare, formal) the typical features of sth
nét, nét mặt
He had partially unveiled the face of Nature, but her immortal lineaments were still a
wonder and a mystery
Her actions were marked with the lineaments of her character.

aver (v)
(-rr-) (rare, formal) to state firmly and strongly that sth is true:
xác nhật, quả quyết
She averred that she had never seen the man before.
I took their word for all that they averred, and I became their disciple

entreaty (n)
(formal) a serious and often emotional request
lời cầu khẩn, nài xin
She had at first yielded to our entreaties, but when she heard that the life of her
favourite was menaced, she could no longer control her anxiety
Despite her entreaties, he left.
She held up her arms in entreaty.

enchant (v)
(formal) to attract sb strongly and make them feel very interested, excited, etc
làm say mê, làm vui thích
Never was she so enchanting as at this time, when she recalled the sunshine of her
smiles and spent them upon us
The happy family scene had enchanted him.
omnipotent (a)
(formal) having total power; able to do anything
có quyền tuyệt đối, vô hạn
an omnipotent God

imbue (v)
~ sb/sth (with sth) (formal) to fill sb/sth with strong feelings, opinions or values
SYN INFUSE:
thấm đẫm
Her voice was imbued with an unusual seriousness.
He was imbued with a desire for social justice.
Her novels are infused with sadness.
appertain to sb/sth
(formal) to belong or refer to sb/sth
He asked me several questions concerning my progress in the different branches of
science appertaining to natural philosophy

recapitulate (v)
(formal) (also recap) ~ (on sth) | ~ sth to repeat or give a summary of what has already
been said, decided, etc:
To recapitulate briefly, the three main points are these...
He began his lecture by a recapitulation of the history of chemistry and the various
improvements made by different men of learning, pronouncing with fervour the
names of the most distinguished discoverers

panegyric (n)
(formal) a speech or piece of writing praising sb/sth
he concluded with a panegyric upon modern chemistry, the terms of which I shall
never forget…

mien (n)
(formal or literary) a person's appearance or manner that shows how they are feeling:
dáng điệu, phong cách, vẻ mặt, sắc mặt
I was impressed by her calm mien.
affable (a)
pleasant, friendly and easy to talk to
affability (n)
sự lịch sự, sự nhã nhặn
His manners in private were even more mild and attractive than in public, for there
was a certain dignity in his mien during his lecture which in his own house was
replaced by the greatest affability and kindness

traverse (v)
(formal or technical) to cross an area of land or water:
skiers traversing the slopes
The region is traversed by several roads.

reiterate (v)
(formal) to repeat sth that you have already said, especially to emphasize it:
to reiterate an argument / a demand / an offer
Let me reiterate that we are fully committed to this policy.
suffrage (n)
the right to vote in political elections:
quyền được đi bầu
universal suffrage (= the right of all adults to vote)
women's suffrage
The remarks came after a US state department spokesman reiterated earlier comments
from Washington calling for an early timetable for Hong Kong to adopt universal
suffrage

trepidation (n)
(formal) great worry or fear about sth unpleasant that may happen
sự náo động,sự bối rối
…voters are treating the changes with enormous trepidation
He knocked on the door with some trepidation.
Internet users are awaiting new content regulations with trepidation, after the Federal
Government announced a major review of broadcast laws

vitriol (n)  (a)

(formal) very cruel and bitter comments or criticism
She admitted surprise at the vitriol directed at the program
 vitriolic (a)
The newspaper launched a vitriolic attack on the president.

accede (v)  (n)

to achieve a high position, especially to become king or queen:
Queen Victoria acceded to the throne in 1837.
Prince Charles has discussed rejecting the title King Charles III when he accedes to
the throne because of its associations with Britain's bloody past, the Times newspaper
says.
accession (n)
the act of becoming a ruler of a country:
the accession of Queen Victoria to the throne
abdicate (v)
to give up the position of being king or queen:
He abdicated in favour of his son.
She was forced to abdicate the throne of Spain.
George VI, who died in 1952, was the Queen's father who took over unexpectedly
after his brother Edward VIII abdicated over his relationship with an American
divorcee.

utterance (n)
sự phát biểu, sự bày tỏ
1/ the act of expressing sth in words:
to give utterance to your thoughts
Because is used when the reason is the most important part of the sentence or
utterance
2/ something that you say:
one of her few recorded public utterances

enormity (n)
1/ the ~ of sth (of a problem, etc.) the very great size, effect, etc. of sth; the fact of sth
being very serious:
the enormity of a task / problem / decision
People are still coming to terms with the enormity of the disaster.
The full enormity (tính nghiêm trọng) of the crime has not yet been revealed.
Australian Federal Police agent Julian Slater, who jointly headed Thailand's year-long
international effort to identify almost 5,400 bodies, said today's ceremony had brought
the enormity of the tragedy home.
[C,usually pl.] (formal) a very serious crime:
the enormities of the Hitler regime

pre-eminent (a)
(formal) more important, more successful or of a higher standard than others:
ưu việt, hơn hẳn
a pre-eminent example of the artist's work
Charles Dickens was pre-eminent among English writers of his day.
preeminence (n)
tính ưu việt, tính hơn hẳn
query (n)
câu hỏi
Google has achieved its preeminence by developing novel approaches to navigating
the Web, most notably the company’s search algorithm that takes into account the
number of links to a page from other sites, a signal of its relevance to a particular
query.

laud (v)
(formal) to praise sb/sth:
He was lauded for his courage.
Korean team lauded for stem-cell advance

court (v)
invite sth bad
rước lấy, chuốc lấy
[VN] (formal) to do sth that might result in sth unpleasant happening:
to court danger / death / disaster
As a politician he has often courted controversy.
Yet this desire to court danger crosses every era, age group and social class

rigor (n)
(formal) the fact of being strict or severe
SYN SEVERITY:
nghiêm khắc
This crime must be treated with the full rigour of the law.
At the same time, they gathered practical survival experience, becoming better
equipped to withstand the rigors of nature.
fallacious (a)
(formal) wrong; based on a false idea:
a fallacious argument

demise (n)
(formal or humorous) death:
his imminent / sudden / sad demise
We also roundly fear spectacular causes of death, such as murder, being struck by
lightning or being bitten by a poisonous snake, even though the chance that we would
fall prey to such an exotic demise is very small

pertain to sth/sb
(formal) to be connected with sth/sb:
có lien quan đến
the laws pertaining to adoption
unfounded (a)
(written) not based on reason or fact:
không có căn cứ, không có cơ sở
unfounded allegations / fears / optimism
Speculation about a divorce proved totally unfounded.
Our fears are therefore not completely unfounded, yet they do not really pertain to the
modern world

sentiment (n)
(formal) a feeling or an opinion, especially one based on emotions
SYN VIEW:
the spread of nationalist sentiments
This is a sentiment I wholeheartedly agree with.
The words of shock-jock Alan Jones typify the dominant sentiment in the mainstream
media: "A giant oak tree crashed in the Australian forest of great people. Look out at
the MCG today; I sense the grass will be a little less green. With Kerry's passing,
much of the shine has gone from many things."

reproach (n)
blame or criticism for sth you have done:
His voice was full of reproach.
The captain's behaviour is above / beyond reproach (= you cannot criticize it).
The South Korean research seemed above reproach in ethics as well…

taint (v)
~ sth (with sth) (formal) to damage or spoil the quality of sth or the opinion that
people have of sb/sth:
The administration was tainted with scandal.
The voluntary, consent-based egg-donation process was tainted by a disclosure that
the team's second author, in charge of the in vitro fertilisation clinic, had paid for
eggs.

withhold (v)
~ sth (from sb/sth) (formal) to refuse to give sth to sb:
từ chối không cho, giấu
She was accused of withholding information from the police.
Payment was withheld until the work was completed.
"Tell the truth, always," we teach students, "withhold nothing from your data."

deprecate (v)  (a)

(formal) to feel and express strong disapproval of sth
bất mãn
deprecating (a)
brood (v)
~ (over / on / about sth) to think a lot about sth that makes you annoyed, anxious or
upset:
suy nghĩ, nghiền ngẫm
You're not still brooding over what he said, are you?
Dysthymic individuals tend to be self-deprecating, brooding about the past, socially
withdrawn; they may feel irritable and unproductive.

intractable (a)
(formal) (of a problem or a person) very difficult to deal with:
Unemployment was proving to be an intractable problem.
Spelke, whose sprawling laboratory in William James Hall teems with infants and
researchers who are interested in them, has addressed some of the most intractable
mysteries of human knowledge by interrogating little people who cannot yet talk,
walk or even crawl.
OPP TRACTABLE
This approach helps to make the issues more tractable

diminutive (a)
(formal) very small:
She was a diminutive figure beside her husband.
Through Web pages, flyers and letters to day care centers and pediatricians' offices,
her lab mates ask anyone and everyone for diminutive volunteers

proficient (a)  (n)

~ (in / at sth) | ~ (in / at doing sth) (written) able to do sth well because of training and
practice:
She's proficient in several languages.
He's proficient at his job.
I'm a reasonably proficient driver.
With practice, you should become proficient within six months.
proficiency

ascribe sth to sb/sth (formal)

1 to consider that sth is caused by a particular thing or person:
đổ cho, gán cho
He ascribed his failure to bad luck.
2 to consider that sb/sth has or should have a particular quality:
We ascribe great importance to these policies.
SYN ATTRIBUTE
cho là do, quy cho
A stirring noise within its cylinder he ascribed to the unequal cooling of its surface;
for at that time it had not occurred to him that it might be hollow

usher sth<->in
(formal) to be the beginning of sth new or to make sth new begin:
báo hiệu, mở ra
The change of management ushered in fresh ideas and policies.
As the new year dawns, Iraqis are wondering whether their newly elected assembly
will usher in the peaceful democracy they have never known

amity (n)
(rare, formal) a friendly relationship between people or countries
tình hữu nghị, tình bạn
All these nations come together in amity, even while individual athletes compete
fiercely for a medal.

afflict (v)
(formal) to affect sb/sth in an unpleasant or harmful way:
About 40% of the country's population is afflicted with the disease.
They might think, perhaps, of the racial violence that has recently afflicted Sydney's
southern beaches, and which has been reported around the world.

evoke (v)
(written) to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind:
gợi lên (ký ức, tình cảm…)
The music evoked memories of her youth.
His case is unlikely to evoke public sympathy.
The Games are an opportunity to overcome the distrust spread by those images of
hatred, and a cause for hope that the world will come to know a different Australia to
the one the images evoke

tenet (n)
(formal) one of the principles or beliefs that a theory or larger set of beliefs is based
on:
giáo lý, chủ nghĩa
one of the basic / central tenets of Christianity
A lone neuron in one of the brain's key memory centers may be able to distinguish a
specific person or place, negating a long-standing tenet that a group of neurons is
needed to encode any memory

refrain (v)
~ (from sth / from doing sth) (formal) to stop yourself from doing sth, especially sth
that you want to do
kìm lại, dằn lại
They appealed to the protesters to refrain from violence.

aplenty (a) (adv)

(formal) in large amounts, especially more than is needed:
Criticisms of the government were to be found aplenty.
ensue (v)
(written) to happen after or as a result of another event
SYN FOLLOW:
An argument ensued.
The ensuing years saw wars fought and fortunes made, and the region’s economy
transformed.

equivocal (a)
(of words or statements) not having one clear or definite meaning or intention; able to
be understood in more than one way
SYN AMBIGUOUS:
1/lập lò, nước đôi, không rõ rệt
2/ đáng nghi ngờ, khả nghi
She gave an equivocal answer, typical of a politician.
Women were less equivocal than men on the subject of fidelity in marriage.
The Equivocal Success of the Wright Brothers

contend (v)  (n)

1/ to say that sth is true, especially in an argument:
cho là đúng
[Vthat] I would contend that the minister's thinking is flawed on this point. [also
VNthat]
2/ [V] ~ (for sth) to compete against sb in order to gain sth:
tranh giành, ganh đua
Three armed groups were contending for power.
contender (n)
đối thủ, địch thủ
laurel (n)
(laurels) [pl.] honour and praise given to sb because of sth that they have achieved:
vinh dự, vinh quang
She won laurels for her first novel.
Other contenders for the "first airplane" laurels merely made short or uncontrolled
flights

adept (a)
(written) ~ (at / in sth) | ~ (at / in doing sth) good at doing sth that is quite difficult:
giỏi, thông thạo, tinh thông
He became adept at getting even the shyest students to talk.
German-born Gustave Whitehead was adept at fabricating stories about flying in the
U.S., but he never built a workable airplane

perish (v)
(formal or literary) (of people or animals) to die, especially in a sudden violent way:
A family of four perished in the fire.
He perished after a flying accident, however, and the Wrights decided they needed a
method of control more suitable for airplanes big enough to carry a motor

augment (v)  (n)

(formal) to increase the amount, value, size, etc. of sth
augmentation (n)
Breast augmentation, at about $US2,000 ($A2,700), is a third of the price in the US.

valedictory (a)
(formal) connected with saying goodbye, especially at a formal occasion:
từ biệt
Teachers at a leading private school have been told that they can attend unofficial year
12 functions, after the year 12 valedictory dinner was cancelled.

merchandise (n)
(formal) goods that are bought or sold; goods that are for sale in a shop/store
hàng hóa

ascertain (v)
(formal) to find out the true or correct information about sth
biết chắc, xác định, tìm hiểu chắc chắn
It might ascertain whether motorists have any idea of just how lethal a motor vehicle
can be in the hands of someone…
It can be difficult to ascertain the facts

merit (v) = deserve (v)

He claims that their success was not merited.
The case does not merit further investigation
purvey (v)
(formal) to supply food, services or information to people
The Prime Minister of Singapore said that what Van Nguyen did merited the death
sentence; that drug traffickers purvey death, and therefore they ought to be killed

inextricable (a)
(formal) too closely linked to be separated:
không thể tách rời
an inextricable connection between the past and the present

erudite (a)
(formal) having or showing great knowledge that is gained from academic study
học rộng, uyên bác
His classmates considered him warm, erudite, and serious

progenitor (n)
a person or a thing from which sb/sth develops or is produced
SYN ANCESTOR:
He was the progenitor of a distinguished family.
The complexity of eukaryotes raises many questions about how such cells arose from
simpler progenitors.

progeny (n)
(formal or humorous) a person's children; the young of animals and plants:
He was surrounded by his numerous progeny.
aesthete (n)
(formal, sometimes disapproving) a person who has a love and understanding of art
and beautiful things
nhà thẩm mỹ
Many Chinese etiquette instructors and authors of best selling manners manuals are
progeny of the hing-class aesthetes Mao tried to eradicate.

progeny (n)
con cháu

progenitor (n)
ông tổ
a person or a thing from which sb/sth develops or is produced
SYN ANCESTOR
He was the progenitor of a distinguished family.

precursor (n)
ông tổ (của một nghề gì) ???
~ (of / to sth) (formal) a person or a thing that comes before sb/sth similar and that
leads to or influences its development
SYN FORERUNNER:
a stringed instrument that was the precursor of the guitar
events that were precursors to revolution
Blood that remains in the human umbilical cord and placenta after birth supplies
doctors with a rich source of hematopoietic progenitor cells (stem cells), the
precursors of all other blood cells
The green arrow indicates the formation of biomolecules from simple precursors.

emanate (v)
(formal) [VN] to produce or show sth:
phát ra
He emanates power and confidence.
Electrical activity emanating from the brain is displayed in the form of brainwaves

dissipate (v)
1/ to gradually become or make sth become weaker until it disappears:
xua tan, làm tiêu tan
[V] Eventually, his anger dissipated.
[VN] Her laughter soon dissipated the tension in the air.
Previous research revealed various sources of bone strength, such as sacrificial bonds
between fibers that break and re-form to dissipate stress, but researchers had yet to
discover exactly how they all worked
2/ [VN] to waste sth, such as time or money, especially by not planning the best way
of using it

collateral (a)
connected with sth else, but in addition to it and less important:
The government denied that there had been any collateral damage (= injury to
ordinary people or buildings) during the bombing raid.
Virotherapists are devising two main strategies to make sure their missiles hit their
objectives accurately with no collateral damage

deem (v)
cho rằng
(formal) (not usually used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular opinion about
sth
SYN CONSIDER:
[VN-N] The evening was deemed a great success.
I deem it an honour to be invited.
[VN-ADJ] She deemed it prudent not to say anything.
As acting prime minister it has been deemed too great a security risk to allow him to
indulge in his usual jogging suit, radio and television reports said.

melancholy
u sầu, sầu muộn
(n) [U] (formal) a deep feeling of sadness that lasts for a long time and often cannot
be explained:
A mood of melancholy descended on us.
There is a brooding melancholy in his black and white photography.
(a) very sad or making you feel sadness:
melancholy thoughts / memories
The melancholy song died away.
On buses and in shops, radio stations played melancholy music between updates on
his condition and interviews with medical experts.

utter (v)
(formal) to make a sound with your voice; to say sth:
thốt ra, phát ra
to utter a cry / groan / moan / sigh
She did not utter a word during lunch (= said nothing).

endowment (n)
(formal) a quality or an ability that you are born with:
tài năng, thiên tư
Few people are blessed with her mental endowments.

emulate (v)
(formal) to try to do sth as well as sb else because you admire them:
noi gương
She hopes to emulate her sister's sporting achievements.
We are still a long way from being able to emulate salamanders, but some researchers
think it will be possible to get humans to regenerate some organs.

precipitate (v)
1/ to make sth, especially sth bad, happen suddenly or sooner than it should:
làm mau đến, làm sớm đến
His resignation precipitated a leadership crisis.
The fight has been precipitated by the worldwide growth in high-definition TV
(HDTV), which offers far clearer images than traditional television
2/ ~ sb/sth into sth to suddenly force sb/sth into a particular state or condition:
xô đẩy, dồn
The assassination of the president precipitated the country into war.
homage (n)
~ (to sb/sth) (formal) something that is said or done to show respect for sb:
sự tôn kính, sự tôn trọng, sự thần phục
The kings of France paid homage to no one.
He describes his book as 'a homage to my father'.
superior (a)
~ (to sb/sth) better in quality than sb/sth else; greater than sb/sth else:
vastly superior
superior intelligence / strength / knowledge
This model is technically superior to its competitors.
It's (Lord of the Ring) a dramatic adaptation but some people think it's superior to the
book it so faithfully dramatises. Peter Jackson used Holm as Bilbo Baggins at the start
of the film as a homage to this version.

beguile (v)  (a)

to attract or interest sb:
He was beguiled by her beauty.
The tapestries continue to beguile all those who visit the cathedral.
beguiling (a)
(formal) attractive and interesting but sometimes mysterious or trying to trick you:
beguiling advertisements
Her beauty was beguiling.
This is perhaps the most beguiling resort on the island.
But you can get hold of everything from Artemis Fowl (the Irish rival to Potter) to the
Lemony Snicket books read by the beguiling combo of Tim Curry and the mysterious
author.

dissipate (v)
1/ to gradually become or make sth become weaker until it disappears:
[V] Eventually, his anger dissipated.
[VN] Her laughter soon dissipated the tension in the air.
2/ [VN] to waste sth, such as time or money, especially by not planning the best way
of using it
desultory (a)
(formal) going from one thing to another, without a definite plan and without
enthusiasm:
I wandered about in a desultory fashion.
a desultory conversation
People with energy but no clear goals just dissipate themselves in one desultory
project after the next

bestir (v)
~ yourself (formal or humorous) to start doing things after a period during which you
have been doing nothing
khuấy động
SYN ROUSE:
He needs to bestir himself and start looking for a job.
cusp (n)
đỉnh, chỏm, mũi nhọn (lá)
(technical) a pointed end where two curves meet:
the cusp of a leaf
But if it’s genes that run the show, what accounts for the Shipps, who didn’t bestir
themselves until the cusp of adulthood

consider (v) =
ponder (v)

imponderable (n)
(formal) something that is difficult to measure or estimate:
điều không thể lường được
We can't predict the outcome. There are too many imponderables.
But that still leaves a great deal that can be determined by experiences in infancy,
subsequent upbringing and coutless other imponderables

primal (a)
[only before noun] (formal) connected with the earliest origins of life; very basic
(thuộc) nền tảng, căn bản, chủ yếu
SYN PRIMEVAL:
the primal hunter-gatherer
a primal urge / fear

indolent (a)  (n)

(formal) lazy; not wanting to work
indolence (n)
aristocracy (n)  (a)
tầng lớp quý tộc
aristocratic (a)  (n)
aristocrat (n)
a member of the aristocracy
Grow up in a rich family, and you can inherit either the tools to achieve (think both
Presidents Bush) or the indolence of the aristocrat

befit (v)
(formal) to be suitable and good enough for sb/sth:
thích hợp, hợp với
It was a lavish reception as befitted a visitor of her status.
He lived in the style befitting a gentleman.
The U.S. has always been a me-first culture, as befits a nation that grew from a
scattering of people on fat saddle of continent where land was often given away

hail from...
(formal) to come from or have been born in a particular place:
His father hailed from Italy.
Many hailed from villages where the American culture of competition is alien, but
once they got to the States, they changed fast.

disabuse (v)
~ sb (of sth) (formal) to tell sb that what they think is true is, in fact, not true
làm cho tỉnh ngộ
The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that
classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them
fulfill their dreams beyond it.

engage (v)
(formal) to succeed in attracting and keeping sb's attention and interest:
thu hút (sự chú ý…)
It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.
Their pleas failed to engage any sympathy.
Because music is something that touches people, engages their feelings and emotions

embrace (v)
(formal) to include sth:
The talks embraced a wide range of issues.
The word 'mankind' embraces men, women and children.

organic (a)
(formal) consisting of different parts that are all connected to each other:
có tổ chức
the view of society as an organic whole
Employees in different departments team up in a ‘simultaneous and organic’ process
to create amazing, innovative products.

mock (v)
(formal) to show no respect for sth
chế nhạo, nhạo báng
A young Australian has died a pointless, brutal death that mocks universal principles
of justice, writes Mark Baker.

castigate (v)
~ sb/sth (for sth) (formal) to criticize sb/sth severely:
He castigated himself for being so stupid.
pluck (v)
~ sb (from sth) (written) to remove sb from a place or situation, especially one that is
unpleasant or dangerous:
Police plucked a drowning girl from the river yesterday.
Survivors of the wreck were plucked to safety by a helicopter.
Meanwhile, at a Shanghai etiquette workshop for HR managers, instructor Liu Wei
plucks a man out of the crowd and castigates him for his multihued pink tie. ‘It’s a
well-known fact that President Clinton’s good taste in ties won him many votes,’ says
Liu

fare (n)
(old-fashioned or formal) food that is offered as a meal:
The restaurant provides good traditional fare.
(figurative) His student drawings were not standard art school fare.

ignominious (a)
(formal) that makes, or should make, you feel ashamed
nhục nhã, ô nhục
SYN DISGRACEFUL, HUMILIATING:
an ignominious defeat
He made one mistake and his career came to an ignominious end.
cronyism (n)
(disapproving) the situation in which people in power give jobs to their friends
conglomerate (n)
(business) a large company formed by joining together different firms:
a media conglomerate
overlord (n)
(especially in the past) a person who has power over many other people:
chúa tể
feudal / imperial overlords
…the family dominated chaebol (business conglomerates); corruption and cronyism;
and the fact that much of what the country produces is based on technologies
invented in the U.S. or, even more ignominious, in Japan, its former colonial overlord

chide (v)
~ sb (for sth / for doing sth) (formal) to criticize or blame sb because they have done
sth wrong:
…she was chided for daring to voice her opinions on news content – and for cropping
her uniform skirt from mid-calf to a scandalous length just below the knee

empower (v) 
(formal) to give sb the power or authority to do sth
SYN AUTHORIZE:
The courts were empowered to impose the death sentence for certain crimes
empowerment (n)
Forum found that, in terms of economic opportunity and political empowerment,
Japanese women ranked 52nd and 54th respectively out of 58 developed and emerging
economies

forgo (v)
thôi, bỏ, kiêng
(formal) to decide not to have or do sth that you would like to have or do:
No one was prepared to forgo their lunch hour to attend the meeting.
Because Japanese women are expected to quit their jobs when they have children, a
record number are forgoing marriage altogether

contrary (a)
ương ngạnh, ngang ngược
(formal, disapproving) (usually of children) behaving badly; choosing to do or say the
opposite of what is expected:
She was such a contrary child-it was impossible to please her.

subvert (v)  (n)

1 [VN, V] to try to destroy the authority of a political, religious, etc. system by
attacking it secretly or indirectly
SYN UNDERMINE
2 [VN] to try to destroy a person's beliefs or loyalties
SYN UNDERMINE
subversion (n)
sự lật đổ, sự đánh đổ, sự phá vỡ
incite (v)  (n)
~ sb (to sth) | ~ sth to encourage sb to do sth violent, illegal or unpleasant, especially
by making them angry or excited:
khuyến khích, khích động, xúi giục
[VN] to incite crime / racial hatred / violence
They were accused of inciting the crowd to violence
…police arrested Zheng last December on charges of inciting subversion.
incitement (n), incitation (n)
incitement to racial hatred

deploy (v)
1/ (technical) to move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for
military action:
dàn quân, triển khai
US forces deployed in the Gulf
At least 5000 missiles were deployed along the border.
The government has also deployed tens of thousands of Internet police to investigate
online crimes, including political offenses.
2/ (formal) to use sth effectively:
to deploy arguments / resources

loath (a)
~ to do sth (formal) not willing to do sth:
miễn cưỡng
He was loath to admit his mistake.
The fast growing China market is key to their global strategies, and they are loath to
antagonize their host nation.

appendage (n)
(formal) a smaller or less important part of sth larger:
phần phụ thuộc
The two appendages hanging from the insect's mouth are used to detect and taste
food.
He treats his wife as no more than a mere appendage.
Likewise, mainland Internet companies have become virtual appendages of the
government censorship apparatus, employing their own human monitors to ensure
their sites remain free of banned content.

portal (n)
(formal or literary) a large, impressive gate or entrance to a building:
The castle's portals have opened to many famous guests.

prescient (a)
(formal) knowing or appearing to know about things before they happen:
tiên tri
prescient remarks / warnings
Though absurdly unscientific even for its time, phrenology was remarkably prescient
– up to a point.

predispose (v)
~ sb to sth / to do sth
to influence sb so that they are likely to think or behave in a particular way:
[VN] He believes that some people are predisposed to criminal behaviour. *
[VNtoinf] Her good mood predisposed her to enjoy the play.
cadence (n)
(formal) the rise and fall of the voice in speaking:
giọng lên xuống, ngữ điệu
He delivered his words in slow, measured cadences.
At birth, she was already predisposed to the sound of her mother’s voice over that of
strangers; to the cadence of nursery rhymes she might have overheard in the womb

redundancy (n)
(formal or technical) the state of not being necessary or useful:
sự thừa, sự dư
Natural language is characterized by redundancy (= words are used that are not really
necessary for sb to understand the meaning).
Fortunately, the brain has some built-in redundancy in these higher functions, and her
family has not noticed any change in her personality

excise (v)
~ sth (from sth) (formal) to remove sth completely:
Certain passages were excised from the book.
scrap (n)
a small piece of sth, especially paper, fabric, etc:
mảnh nhỏ, mảnh rời
She scribbled his phone number on a scrap of paper.
(figurative) scraps of news / information
(figurative) She was just a scrap of a thing (= small and thin).
She must excise every scrap of cancerous tissue.

cogitate (v)
ngẫm nghĩ
~ (about / on sth) (formal) to think carefully about sth
He sat silently cogitating.
...to cogitate on the meaning of life.
coil (v)
~ (sth) round, around, etc. sth | ~ (sth) up to wind into a series of circles; to make sth
do this:
cuộn (rắn…)
[V, +advx./prep.] The snake coiled up, ready to strike.
Mist coiled around the tops of the hills.
[VN] to coil a rope into a loop
Individuals who retreated spontaneously from such threats survived, while those who
cogitated – maybe it’s a friendly snake, but why is it coiling up like that? – dis not live
long enough to pass on their genes
procrastinate (v)
(formal, disapproving) to delay doing sth that you should do, usually because you do
not want to do it:
People were dying of starvation while governments procrastinated.

methodology (n)
(plural methodologies) [C,U] (formal) a set of methods and principles used to perform
a particular activity:
recent changes in the methodology of language teaching
research methodologies

unequivocal (a)
(formal) expressing your opinion or intention very clearly and firmly:
rõ rệt
an unequivocal answer / rejection / warning
The answer was an unequivocal 'no'.
To date, we are aware of only one planet that unequivocally supports life: our own.
OPP EQUIVOCAL

cataclysm (n)  (a)

biến động lớn, tai biến
(formal) a sudden disaster or a violent event that causes change, for example a flood
or a war:
to survive the cataclysm of the Black Death
cataclysmic (a)
Currently, the most widely accepted cosmological theory for the origin of the universe
is the big bang, a cataclysmic explosion.

postulate (v)
(formal) to suggest or accept that sth is true so that it can be used as the basis for a
theory, etc.
coi như là đúng trước, mặc nhận
SYN POSIT:
[VN] They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container
Most religions posit the existence of life after death.
The gases usually postulated to have been present in the atmosphere of the early Earth
include NH3, H2S, CO, CO2, CH4, N2, H2 and (in both liquid and vapour forms) H2O

assemblage (n)
(formal, technical) a collection of things; a group of people:
sự tập hợp, sự tụ tập, sự nhóm họp
Tropical rainforests have the most varied and abundant assemblage of plants in the
world.
Living cells as they exist today are assemblages that include very large molecules,
such as proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.

facilitate (v)
(formal) to make an action or a process possible or easier:
làm cho dễ dàng, làm cho thuận tiện
The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.
Structured teaching facilitates learning.
In the context of the origin of life, catalytic molecules can facilitate the production of
large number of complex molecules, allowing for the accumulation of such
molecules.

extraneous (a)
~ (to sth) (formal) not directly connected with the particular situation you are in or the
subject you are dealing with
SYN IRRELEVANT:
We do not want any extraneous information on the page.
We shall ignore factors extraneous to the problem
The clustering of coding and catalytic molecules in a separate compartment brings
molecules into closer contact with each other and excludes extraneous material.

aggregate (v)
~ (sth) (with sth) (formal or technical) to combine different items, amounts, etc. into a
single group or total:
The scores were aggregated with the first round totals to decide the winner

discipline (n)
an area of knowledge; a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a
university:
môn học
The new recruits were drawn from a range of academic disciplines.

gratifying (a)
(formal) pleasing and giving satisfaction:
làm hài lòng, làm vừa lòng
It is gratifying to see such good results.
He felt a gratifying sense of being respected and appreciated.

enamoured (a)
~ of / with sth (formal) (often in negative sentences) liking sth a lot:
say mê
He was less than enamoured of the music.
I had the opportunity on several occasions to switch to industry, but I was always too
enamoured with academics.
volume (n)  (a)
voluminous (a)
(of a piece of writing, a book, etc.) very long and detailed:
There is voluminous literature on modernism and post-modernism.
We provide sufficient detail to meet most needs without make the book too
voluminous

seminal (a)
(formal) very important and having a strong influence on later developments:
a seminal work / article / study
His book on social policy proved to be seminal.
Mitchell's chemiosmotic theory turned out to be one of the two seminal discoveries in
biology in the 20th century (DNA being the other).
anguish (n)
(formal) severe pain, mental suffering or unhappiness:
nỗi đau đớn, nỗi thống khổ
He groaned in anguish.
Tears of anguish filled her eyes.

extol (v)
~ sb (as sth) (formal) to praise sb/sth very much:
tán dương, ca tụng
Mr Costello said he had attended an Australia day citizenship ceremony at the
Stonnington Town Hall in his electorate of Higgins during which a state MP "extolled
the virtues of multiculturalism".

dissociate (v)
~ yourself / sb from sb/sth to say or do sth to show that you are not connected with or
do not support sb/sth
phân ly, tách rời
He tried to dissociate himself from the party's more extreme views.
Mr Costello was, then as now, federal Treasurer, a senior member of cabinet and
deputy leader of the Liberal Party. At no stage did he dissociate himself from his
leader's remarks

voluble (a)
talking a lot, and with enthusiasm, about a subject:
Evelyn was very voluble on the subject of women's rights.
Despite voluble attempts by politicians to discredit the idea, Australia is an inspiring
example of an integrated multicultural and multiracial society.

compact (n)
(formal) a formal agreement between two or more people or countries
hiệp ước
We have a compact to live under a democratic legislature and obey the laws it makes.

forfeit (v)
to lose sth or have sth taken away from you because you have done sth wrong:
để mất, mất quyền
If you cancel your flight, you will forfeit your deposit
Terrorists and those who support them do not acknowledge the rights and liberties of
others - the right to live without being maimed, the right to live without being bombed
- and as such they forfeit the right to join in Australian citizenship.

supplant (v)
(written) to take the place of sb/sth (especially sb/sth older or less modern)
SYN REPLACE:
But there is not a separate stream of law derived from religious sources that competes
with or supplants Australian law in governing our civil society.

confound (v)
to prove sb/sth wrong:
to confound expectations / an argument / expert opinion
She confounded her critics and proved she could do the job
Yet he could find no proof of this with which to confound his critics.

POPULAR WORDS
hypocrisy (n)
đạo đức giả

ubiquitous (a)  (n)

ubiquity
phổ biến

hawkish (a)
diều hâu
…U.S. Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld made headline with a hawkish speech

humiliate (v)  (n)

to make sb feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people
humiliation
sự làm nhục, sự bẻ mặt

purge (n) (v)

sự thanh trừng
His first act as leader was to purge the party of extremists.
He purged extremists from the party

essence (n)
bản chất, thực chất

complacency (n)
tính tự mãn

ramshackle (a)
xiêu vẹo, đổ nát
Australia's rail infrastructure was so ramshackle that drivers had to stop their trains
and physically change signals, a senior Pacific National executive

hunch (n)
linh cảm
= premonition (n)
incisive (a)
sắc bén
… who had been no doubt depicted to him as the most incisive reasoner and most
energetic agent in Europe

authenticity (n)
tính xác thực
The authenticity of the letter is beyond doubt

antagonist (n)
(formal) a person who strongly opposes sb/sth
SYN OPPONENT
 antagonise (v)
to do sth to make sb angry with you:
Not wishing to antagonize her further, he said no more

celebrated (a)
famous for having good qualities
nổi tiếng, trứ danh, lừng danh
a celebrated painter
one of Rodin's most celebrated works

amenity (n)
(plural amenities) a feature that makes a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in
tiện nghi
compare: COMMODITY

superb (a)
excellent; of very good quality:
nguy nga, tráng lệ

sublime (a)
hùng vĩ

pathetic (a)
cảm động, lâm ly, thống thiết
The starving children were a pathetic sight

petty (a)
nhỏ mọn, lặt vặt, tầm thường

pilgrimage (n)
cuộc hành hương
…and the annual pilgrimage of Japanese politicians to Yasukuni Shrine…
 pilgrim (n)
người hành hương

fragile (a)
delicate and often beautiful
yếu ớt, mảnh dẻ
The woman's fragile face broke into a smile.
A fragile Kim Nguyen, flanked by her son’s friends, Kelly Ng and …

bribe (n) (v)

của đút lót, của hối lộ
bribery ((n)
sự đút lót, sự hối lộ

staggering (a)
so large, shocking or surprising that it is difficult to believe
SYN ASTOUNDING
gây sửng sốt
They paid a staggering £1 million for the house
Since the last AgePoll a month ago, Coalition support has fallen by a staggering 11
percentage points among those aged 25-39

perception (n)
sự nhận thức

propensity (n)
~ (for sth) | ~ (for doing sth) | ~ (to do sth) (formal) a tendency to a particular kind of
behaviour:
thiên hướng
He showed a propensity for violence

penchant (n)
~ for sth (written) a special liking for sth:
She has a penchant for champagne.
our penchant stems from prehistoric times, when the world was populated by two
basic types of humans: those who nested and those who ventured forth

electorate (n)
cử tri

antagonism (n)
sự phản đối, sự phản kháng

epicure (n)
người sành ăn

unjust (a)
bất công

democracy (n)
nền dân chủ

endorse (v)
to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action:
xác nhận, tán thành
I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks.
tenure (n)
nhiệm kì
Moscow took over the rotating G8 rotating chairmanship from Britain yesterday, the
first time it has held the role and one of the main themes of its tenure will be security
of energy supply.

longevity (n)
sự sống lâu, tuổi thọ

ordeal (n)
~ (of sth / of doing sth) a difficult or unpleasant experience
sự thử thách
…members of the picnic party were shaken by the ordeal
The interview was less of an ordeal than she'd expected

riot (n)
sự nổi loạn, cuộc tụ tập phá rối
…the riots in France…

plot (n)
~ (to do sth) a secret plan made by a group of people to do sth wrong or illegal:
âm mưu, mưu đồ
when the group of seven were detained amid fears of a hijacking plot

fabricate (v)
bịa đặt
The entire story was fabricated and exaggerated and it was given more than it
deserved

impending (a)
sắp xảy đến trước mắt
Nguyen’s impending execution comes as the Howard Government faces strong
lobbying by Singapore Airlines…

rehabilitation (n)
sự cải tạo, sự giáo dục lại (những người có tội)
a drug rehabilitation centre

privilege (n)
đặc quyền, đặc ân

scintilla (n)
một mảy may, một tí
There is not a scintilla of truth in what she says.
They had not found a scintilla of evidence against him.
I think that offends anyone with a scintilla of concern about human rights

succinct (a)
ngắn gọn, cô đọng
obituary (n)
(plural obituaries) an article about sb's life and achievements, that is printed in a
newspaper soon after they have died:
cáo phó, tiểu sử người chết
Among the increasing number of websites devoted to saving convicted drug trafficker
Nguyen Tuong Van, one relies on a succinct plea to readers: ‘Don’t let this boy
become an obituary’

sanction (n)
sự trừng phạt, hình phạt
Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the agreement

senate (n)
thượng nghị viện

loom (v)
to appear important or threatening and likely to happen soon:
tỏ ra quan trọng hoặc hăm dọa
Food shortages loom in some parts of Africa
A Senate inquiry into looming welfare-to-work changes heard yesterday that…

journalism (n)
nghề làm báo, nghề viết báo
underpin (v)
(written) to support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc
làm nền
The report is underpinned by extensive research
Certain qualities and values underpin good journalism

prevalent (a)
= common, widespread
 prevalence (n)

confide (v)  (n)

nói riêng, giải bày tâm sự
confidant (n)
a person that you trust and who you talk to about private or secret things

concede (v)
thừa nhận, thú nhận
rank (n)
hàng ngũ, đội ngũ
He conceded there was disloyalty in his ranks and that this mad it much harder to win
the next election.

splendour (n)  (a)

sự chói lọi, rực rỡ, lộng lẫy, huy hoàng
splendid
magnificent (a)
tráng lệ, nguy nga, lộng lẫy
The Taj Mahal is a magnificent building

metropolis (n)  (a)

a large important city (often the capital city of a country or region)
thủ đô, thủ phủ
metropolitan (a)

bustling (a)
~ (with sth) full of people moving about in a busy way
tấp nâp,hối hả, rộn rang
A modern bustling metropolis enriched with cultural events

pragmatism (n)  (a)

chủ nghĩa thực dụng
pragmatic (a)
charisma (n)  (a)
the powerful personal quality that some people have to attract and impress other
people:
uy tín, sức thu hút quần chúng
charismatic (a)
Polls suggest a new party comprised of Sharon, pragmatic Likudniks and charismatic
newcomers would be the…

accentuate (v)
to emphasize sth or make it more noticeable
nhấn mạnh, làm nổi bật
This has been accentuated by the crisis in the suburbs.

curfew (n)
lệnh giới nghiêm, sự giới nghiêm
These would allow local authorities to extend curfews by a further three months,
despite a continuing sharp fall in arson and other attacks

accord (n)
a formal agreement between two organizations, countries, etc:
sự đồng tình
hiệp định
The two sides signed a peace accord last July

referendum (n)
cuộc trưng cầu ý dân

eloquence (n)
tài hùng biện

stagnant (a)
ứ đọng, tù hãm
stagnant water or air is not moving and therefore smells unpleasant

middleman (n)
người môi giới, người trung gian

tonnage (n)
trọng tải

disprove (v)
bác bỏ, chứng minh là sai
consent (n)
~ (to sth) permission to do sth, especially given by sb in authority:
sự đồng ý, sự ưng thuận
contention (n)  (a)
sự cãi nhau, sự bất hòa, sự tranh chấp
 contentious (a)
content (a)  (n)
contentment (n)
 # (a), (n)
a feeling of happiness or satisfaction
#discontent = discontentment
content (a), contented (a)  # (n)
discontent (n)
discontented = dissatisfaction
sự không hài lòng, sự bất mãn
= DISSATISFACTION
falter (v)
to become weaker or less effective
The economy shows no signs of faltering
The AgePoll appears to disprove the Government’s contention that a Labor-union
scare campaign would falter once voters saw the details of its IR package.

disclosure (n) = (n)

the act of making sth known or public that was previously secret or private
SYN REVELATION:
sự tiết lộ

elevate (v) =
raise, promote
…global warming ‘should be elevated beyond a scientific debate to a US national
security concern’

commodity (n)
tiện nghi

dire (a)
(formal) very serious
khốc liệt, tàn khốc
Such action may have dire consequences

rational (a)
có lý trí, dựa trên lý trí
Faced with overwhelming evidence against a person sentenced to death, their
argument has always been more emotional than rational

It doesn’t matter whether a drug trafficker is a remorseful, cooperative, first offender

who was going to give away the proceeds of his crime, the effect on people’s lives is
still the same.

derision (n)
sự nhạo báng, sự chế giễu, sự chế nhạo
It’s not pleasant to be an object of derision on three continents
Her speech was greeted with howls of derision.
He became an object of universal derision.
sparing (a)
~ (with sth) careful to use or give only a little of sth:
1/ dè xẻn, tiết kiệm
Doctors now advise only sparing use of such creams.
He was always sparing with his praise.
heinous (a)
cực kì tàn ác, ghê tởm
gallows (n)
giá treo cổ
Singapore says it uses the gallows ‘sparingly and only for the most heinous crimes’.

manifestation (n)
sự biểu lộ, sự biểu thị
sự hiện hình (hồn ma)
supernatural (a)
siêu nhiên
The riots are a clear manifestation of the people's discontent
The church is the site of a number of supernatural manifestations
 manifest (a)
~ (to sb) (in sth) | ~ (in sth) (formal) easy to see or understand:
I happen to think those laws are manifestly wrong, for a multiple of reasons

ruthless (a)
tàn nhẫn, nhẫn tâm
barbaric (a)
dã man, man rợ
gruesome (a)
very unpleasant and filling you with horror, usually because it is connected with death
or injury:
ghê gớm, khủng khiếp
First, the sheer barbarity of the practice. Death by hanging is gruesome enough but it
is the cold ruthlessness of the process in Singapore that magnifies the horror

solace (n)= comfort (n)

sự an ủi, sự khuây khỏa
Nguyen’s bewildered and desperate mother, Kim, has been given no solace.

arbitrary (a)
chuyên quyền, độc đoán
Second, the mandatory death penalty for drug trafficking in Singapore produces
arbitrary and disproportionate outcomes.
the arbitrary powers of officials

indignant (a)
~ (at / about sth) | ~ (that...) feeling or showing anger and surprise because you think
that you have been treated unfairly:
căm phẫn, phẫn nộ
She was very indignant at the way she had been treated.
They were indignant that they hadn't been invited.
obnoxious (a)
extremely unpleasant, especially in a way that offends people
khó chịu, đáng ghét, ghê tởm
illiberal (a)
(formal) not allowing much freedom of opinion or action
SYN INTOLERANT
hẹp hòi
compelling (a)
that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting
plain (a)
rõ ràng, rõ rệt
These are among compelling reasons for the Australian Government to protest
indignantly over a penalty that is obnoxious, illiberal and just plain wrong.

monstrous (a)
tàn ác, ghê gớm (tội ác…)
monstrous crimes

accountability (n)
trách nhiệm

retribution (n)
~ (for sth) (formal) severe punishment for sth seriously wrong that sb has done
sự trừng phạt, sự báo thù
People are seeking retribution for the latest terrorist outrages

vengeance (n) = revenge (n)

sự báo thù, sự trả thù

scrutiny (n)
(formal) careful and thorough examination
…without the requirement for legal advice or any scrutiny by the Children’s Court
 scrutinise (v)
She leaned forward to scrutinize their faces

soar (v)
if the value, amount or level of sth soars, it rises very quickly
slump (v)
~ (by sth) | ~ (from sth) (to sth) to fall in price, value, number, etc., suddenly and by a
large amount
plummet (v)
to fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position
SYN PLUNGE

stint (n)
~ (as sth) a period of time that you spend working somewhere or doing a particular
activity
khối lượng hoặc thời gian làm việc cố định hoặc được giao của mỗi người, phần việc
I've done my stint in the kitchen for today
…or to give them only brief rotational stints in the Parkville Village, if demand for
beds continues to outweigh supply

evaporate (v)
to disappear, especially by gradually becoming less and less
dần dần mất đi
The debate over how to deal with Singapore intensified as hope for Nguyen
evaporated.
compare INTENSIFY, EVAPORATE

petrify (v)
to make sb feel extremely frightened
SYN TERRIFY
sững sờ, chết điếng
relent (v)
to finally agree to sth after refusing
mũi lòng, động lòng thương
Susanna is petrified her Melbourne brother will freeze to death on the steps of
Australia’s embassy in Serbia unless the Australia Government relents and allows him
to come home.

destitute (a)
thiếu thốn, nghèo túng, cơ cực
When he died, his family was left completely destitute

rectify (v) = correct (v)

launder (v)
rửa tiền
sanctuary (n)
a safe place, especially one where people who are being chased or attacked can stay
and be protected
nơi trú ẩn, nơi trốn tránh, nơi cư trú
The new section was designed to keep terrorists, murderers, drug traffickers, gun-
runners and money launderers from finding permanent sanctuary in Australia

shimmer (v) (n)

tỏa sáng lung linh
a shimmer of moonlight in the dark sky

predecessor (n)
người tiền nhiệm

reinstate (v)
to give back a job or position that had been taken away from sb:
He was reinstated in his post

ramification (n)
one of the large number of complicated and unexpected results that follow an action
or a decision
hệ quả
On the other hand it is well aware of the depth of public feeling and the potential
political ramifications if it appears to adopt a do-nothing approach
These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications.

stance (n)
thái độ, lập trường

vindicate (v)
xác nhận
SYN JUSTIFY
The result vindicate the strategy of Labor leader Kim Beazley, who has run hard
against the workplace changes while trying to neutralise the other key issue of
national security.

depreciation (n)
sự giảm giá

subsidy (n)
tiền trợ cấp

breakthrough (n)
an important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement
bước đột phá
a significant breakthrough in negotiations
a major breakthrough in cancer research

indulgence (n)
sự nuông chìu

preliminary (a)
(to sth) happening before a more important action or event
SYN INITIAL
sơ bộ
The lower house of parliament gave preliminary approval on Wednesday…

entity (n)
(formal) something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity
thực thể
The unit has become part of a larger department and no longer exists as a separate
entity

chancellor (n)
the head of government in Germany or Austria:
Chancellor Schroder

outrage (v) (n)

COMPARE infuriate (v) = enrage (v)

undertake (v)
đảm trách
to undertake a task / project
University professors both teach and undertake research
undertaking (n)
a task or project, especially one that is important and/or difficult
SYN VENTURE
việc mạo hiểm
shambles (n)
a situation in which there is a lot of confusion or disorder
SYN MESS:
That ambitious undertaking left Iraq with a modern and respected health-care system.
But three wars and two decades later, it is a shambles.
The press conference was a complete shambles.

bulky (a)
to lớn, đồ sộ, kềnh càng
In one corner sits a bulky, obsolete piece of equipment that is now used as a telephone
table.

opium (n)
thuốc phiện
remnant (n)
vật còn thừa, tàn dư
…Malays with their supposed weakness for drugs; whites who smuggled the stuff
onto the island; and remnant users of opium among the Chinese

discretion (n)  (n) #, (a)

sự suy xét khôn ngoan
# indiscretion (n)
discreet (a)
You ought to make a few discreet enquiries before you sign anything
Nothing mattered. That he confessed, that he helped the police, that he was young,
that this was a first offence, that he wasn't bringing drugs into Singapore itself —
counted for nothing. This is what mandatory sentencing is: punishment without
discretion

paradox (n)
nghịch lý
ONE of the paradoxes highlighted by the hanging of Nguyen Tuong Van is that while
fewer and fewer countries are practising the death penalty, the number of people being
executed worldwide in recent years has increased.

totalitarian (a)
(disapproving) (of a country or system of government) in which there is only one
political party that has complete power and control over the people
chuyên chế
Countries also abolish the death penalty as they become more democratic, with many
that emerge from totalitarian or colonial regimes wanting to protect their citizens from
state excesses

prevailing (a)
(written) existing or most common at a particular time
SYN CURRENT, PREDOMINANT
đang thịnh hành, đang lưu hành
The prevailing mood seems to be that once countries become more democratic and
more self-sufficient, the death penalty is one of the things to go

undertake (v)
to make yourself responsible for sth and start doing it
In figures released this month from a survey undertaken by Dr Ali Mubarak of
Flinders University, teenagers are increasingly turning to the internet to fill the gaping
holes in their lives

paucity (n)
sự khan hiếm, sự thiếu thốn
a paucity of knowledge / information / research

distress (v) (n)

buồn, đau khổ, đau đớn
SUFFERING

upset (v) (n)

làm bối rối, làm lo ngại
WORRY & UNHAPPY

sacred (a)
thiêng liêng, bất khả xâm phạm
Human life must always be sacred.
sanctity (n)
tính thiêng liêng, tính bất khả xâm phạm
perpetrate (v)
phạm, gây ra
 perpetrator (n)
In both cases those of us who hold life sacred were forced to watch in horror as a
powerful group with little regard for the sanctity of human life, informed us of the
barbarity they intended to perpetrate upon their captive…
premeditated (a)  # (a)
(of a crime or bad action) planned in advance
có dự tính trước
# unpremeditated (a)
The Singapore Government has sanctioned the premeditated murder of a young man
because it believes that state kilings have a greater impact on drug crime than
rehabilitation.

tyranny (n)
sự bạo ngược, sự chuyên chế

misfortune (n), adversity (n), destitute (a)

charity (n)
1/ Lòng nhân đức, lòng từ thiện
2/ Hội từ thiện

ambivalence (n)
sự mâu thuẩn trong tư tưởng
Much of Jack’s ambivalence was caused by another letter he had received, advising
him of his admission to Yale.

attentive (a)
chăm chú

landmark (n)
bước ngoặt

fascination (n)
sự mê hoặc, sự quyến rũ

tax evasion
trốn thuế

pincer movement (n)

thế gọng kìm
despise (v)
(not used in the progressive tenses) to dislike and have no respect for sb/sth
xem thường, coi khinh, khinh miệt
She despised gossip in any form.
He despised himself for being so cowardly
The Government has been caught in a pincer movement of infrastructure problems,
because its failure to address water shortages has led it to commission a widely
despised desalination plant for Sydney, which will consume up to 30MW of electricity

indulgence (n)
sự nuông chìu
indulge (v)
theo đuổi
visionary (a)
approving) original and showing the ability to think about or plan the future with great
imagination and intelligence:
có tầm nhìn xa
a visionary leader
visionary leadership speeches

incentive (n)  # (n)

sự khuyết khích, sự khích lệ, sự thúc đẩy
The changes to the visa provide a big incentive to people to get out and pick crops
 disincentive (n)

integrity (n)
1/tính chính trực, tính liêm chính
a man of great integrity
2/tính toàn vẹn
to respect the territorial integrity of the nation

barricade (n)
chiến lũy

folk hero (n)

anh hùng dân tộc

sizzle (v)
to make the sound of food frying in hot oil:
sizzling sausages / fat
sizzle (n)
tiếng xèo xèo
There were sausage sizzles and a game of cricket between people who had met just
that day

unanimous (a)
if a decision or an opinion is unanimous, it is agreed or shared by everyone in a group
nhất trí
deliberation (n)
the process of carefully considering or discussing sth
sự suy nghĩ, cân nhắc
The jury's verdict was unanimous, delivered after just eight hours of deliberations,
including two meal breaks

intuitive (a)
(of ideas) obtained by using your feelings rather than by considering the facts:
trực giác
an intuitive judgement
He had an intuitive sense of what the reader wanted

fidelity (n)  #
sự chung thủy
# infidelity (n)

assert (v)
khẳng định
Unable to read and write Arabic, they are constantly searching for ways to assert their
identity through conflict

appraisal (n)
a judgement of the value, performance or nature of sb/sth:
sự đánh giá, sự định giá
He had read many detailed critical appraisals of her work.

solitude (n)  (a)

the state of being alone, especially when you find this pleasant
tình trạng cô đơn
solitary
She longed for peace and solitude.
I returned to the solitude of my room.
He shut himself away to pray in solitude

jeopardise (v)
(written) to risk harming or destroying sth/sb:
gây nguy hại, gây nguy hiểm
He would never do anything to jeopardize his career

conspicuous (a)
easy to see or notice; likely to attract attention
đáng chú ý
With their dark skin, dark hair and gold chains, they are conspicuous in Cronulla, the
jewel in the crown of the Sutherland Shire, where just 17 per cent of residents are
foreign born (compared with a greater Sydney average of about 31 per cent) and
where there is virtually no religious diversity (just 2.2 per cent of Sutherland residents
practise a religion other than Christianity).

lethargy (n)  (a)

the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things
thờ ơ
lethargic (a)
undersized (a)
not as big as normal
The lethargic, poorly coordinated and undersized response raises concerns about how
nations would cope with a much larger and more lethal kind of natural disaster…

racial clash (n)

sự xung đột chủng tộc

resentment (n)
sự phẫn uất, sự oán hận
to feel / harbour / bear resentment towards / against sb
She could not conceal the deep resentment she felt at the way she had been treated.
constant (a)
không ngớt, không dứt, liên miên
But constant tensions and deep resentments do remain, especially among those left
behind in communities that others managed to escape

upsurge (n)
~ (in / of sth) (written) a sudden large increase in sth
đợt bột phát, cơn
engender (v)
(formal) to make a feeling or situation exist
sinh ra, gây ra, đem lại
The issue engendered controversy.
problems engendered by the restructuring of the company
admonish (v)
to strongly advise sb to do sth:
cảnh báo
A warning voice admonished him not to let this happen
The routine seasonal upsurges of flu and of hurricanes engender a familiarity that
easily leads to complacency and inadequate preparations for the ‘big one’ that experts
admonish is sure to come

moreover (adv)
= in addition (n)

handicap (n)
tật nguyền
debilitation (n)
sự suy nhược
Those who survive can suffer mental or physical handicaps or chronic debilitation

inborn (a) = innate (a)

bẩm sinh
the innate ability to learn
He never lost his innate sense of fun

shackles (n)
xiềng xích
(v)
to prevent sb from behaving or speaking as they want:
She is opposed to shackling the press with privacy laws.
But challenges should not lead to despair that Africa will always be shackled to
malaria

eradicate (v)
~ sth (from sth) to destroy or get rid of sth completely, especially sth bad
trừ tận gốc
Five years later selective spraying within houses became the centrepiece of global
malaria eradication
phenomenal (a)
very great or impressive:
kì lạ, phi thư ờng
The product has been a phenomenal success.

rebound (v) = backfire (v)

phản tác dụng

awry (adv)
if sth goes awry, it does not happen in the way that was planned:
All my plans for the party had gone awry.
DDT: a symbol goes awry

Fate had ordained

số đã định

meticulous (a)
tỉ mỉ, kĩ càng
Carson meticulously charted the way DDT travels up the food chain in increasing
concentrations, killing insects and some animals outright and causing genetic damage
in others
confound (v)
to confuse and surprise sb:
According to Moises Naim, author and editor of Foreign Policy, South Korea is the
world capital for supercopies - meticulous imitations of luxury goods that have
confounded even Chanel employees in Paris

blue collar (a)

relating to manual work or workers
"The average man or woman is about 3kg heavier if they live in a disadvantaged area
and it doesn't matter whether that person is of low income or high income, or
professional or blue collar,'' said University of Melbourne epidemiologist Anne
Kavanagh.
white collar (a)
working in an office, rather than in a factory, etc.; connected with work in offices
Women set their hand to whatever work was available and only gradually obtained
white collar and professional positions

infringe (v)  (n)

infringement
sự xâm phạm
A newspaper today reported the government was set to impose $524 fines for public
transport infringements, including a new law preventing passengers from passing a
used valid ticket to another person.

convey (v)
~ sth (to sb) to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to sb
truyền tải
SYN COMMUNICATE:
Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength.
nuance (n)
sắc thái
He watched her face intently to catch every nuance of expression.
You need to be able to convey the subtle nuances of meaning of each word.
constituency (n)
cử tri
This comment illustrates some of the difficulties faced by the public and interested
constituencies in understanding the nuances of the science and the ethics of the debate

swoop (v) (n)

đột kích, cuộc đột kích
plotter (n)
a person who makes a secret plan to harm sb
kẻ âm mưu, kẻ bày mưu
Tsunamis, hurricanes and earthquakes devastated entire populations, home-grown
terrorism became a reality in London, Bali suffered its second assault by suicide
bombers and police swooped on alleged terrorist plotters in Sydney and Melbourne

inhibit (v)  (a) (n)

ngăn chặn, kìm chế
A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child.
Financial considerations are inhibiting access to higher education.
inhibited (a)
Boys are often more inhibited than girls about discussing their problems.
inhibition (n)
sự ức chế
The children were shy at first, but soon lost their inhibitions.
She had no inhibitions about making her opinions known.
the inhibition of growth

statutory (a)
fixed by law; that must be done by law
(thuộc) luật, do luật pháp qui định, theo đúng luật
Trish has a written employment contract with her employer. Work Choices will likely
only affect her in respect of the minimum statutory entitlements to be included in the
new legislation, such as annual leave.

flamboyant (a)
bright, colourful and noticeable:
loè loẹt
flamboyant clothes / designs
pundit (n)
a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and who often talks about it in
public; an expert
The normally flamboyant pair surprised some pundits by wearing traditional black
morning suits

lavish (a)
large in amount, or impressive, and usually costing a lot of money
lãng phí
SYN EXTRAVAGANT:
John will host up to 700 guests at a lavish evening party on his nearby estate,
including former Spice Girl Victoria Beckham and singer George Michael.

extravagant (a)
(of ideas, speech or behaviour) very extreme or impressive but not reasonable or
practical
quá mức, quá độ
SYN EXAGGERATED:
the extravagant claims / promises of politicians
I was embarrassed by all the extravagant praise I was getting.
He had the extravagant gestures and loud voice of an actor.
Howe says it will be a calm affair: 16 people at the service followed by dinner at a
"very nice restaurant" in a sports and leisure complex, then a big party. No "fluffy
camp" or extravagant emotions, though 28-year old Howe says it will be nerve-
racking "standing up there in front of your parents, especially your dads".

gay and lesbian couples # heterosexual couples

homosexual (n)
a person, usually a man, who is sexually attracted to people of the same sex:
a practising homosexual

traumatic (a)
extremely unpleasant and causing you to feel upset and/or anxious:
a traumatic childhood / experience
Divorce can be traumatic for everyone involved.
resilience (n)
the ability of people or things to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant, such as
shock, injury, etc:
sự hồi phục
He showed great courage and resilience in fighting back from a losing position to win
the game.
A new book explores the traumatic journeys and resilience of 12 Vietnamese women
who fled communism to resettle in Australia, where they now feel at home

quagmire (n)
a difficult or dangerous situation
tình trạng sa lầy
Here are voices that stretch back beyond the US quagmire to the French and, before
that, the last days of the Japanese occupation.

exodus (n)
~ (from...) (to...) (formal or humorous) a situation in which many people leave a place
at the same time:
the mass exodus from Paris to the country in the summer
The play was so awful that there was a general exodus from the theatre at the interval.
Two million people fled Vietnam during the 15 years from 1975 to 1990. It was the
largest exodus in Vietnam's history
embody (v)
là hiện thân của, biểu hiện
a politician who embodied the hopes of black youth
the principles embodied in the Declaration of Human Rights
Yet in much Vietnamese literature, including Vietnam's epic national poem Truyen
Kieu, it is women who embody the great tragedies of life
epic (a)
có tính chất anh hùng ca, sử thi
Yet in much Vietnamese literature, including Vietnam's epic national poem Truyen
Kieu, it is women who embody the great tragedies of life

precarious (a)
(of a situation) not safe or certain; dangerous:
không chắc chắn, bấp bênh
He earned a precarious living as an artist.
The museum is in a financially precarious position
minority (n)
dân tộc thiểu số, thiểu số
what many Chinese had done in recent centuries, that is, migrating to strange lands
with different cultures to live precariously as minorities, was something of which
Vietnamese had had no experience

proportion (n)
tầm vóc
Throughout Vietnam's long and troubled history, including 10 centuries of Chinese
domination (111BC to AD939) and 80 years of French colonisation (1867 to 1954),
the Vietnamese opted to stay in their homeland. "It took the collapse of South Vietnam
on April 30, 1975, and the country's reunification under a communist regime to trigger
an exodus of historic proportions," Nguyen writes.

insight (n)  (a)

sự nhìn thấu bên trong sự vật
insightful (a)
sâu sắc
authoritative (a)
that you can trust and respect as true and correct:
có căn cứ đích xác, có thể tin được
the most authoritative and up-to-date book on the subject
Authoritative and insightful articles from leading experts bring you an action plan for
the future

definitive (a)
considered to be the best of its kind and almost impossible to improve:
tuyệt đỉnh
the definitive biography of Einstein
the definitive guide to the golf courses of Europe
This is a special issue in every sense of the word – unique, definitive, and noteworthy

philanthropy (n)  (a)

the practice of helping the poor and those in need, especially by giving money:
lòng thương người, lòng nhân đức
Hospitals were built as a result of private philanthropy and government intervention
philanthropic (a)
While overlooked for the official government award, she was chosen yesterday by
Age readers in an online poll as the nation's most outstanding woman for 2005 -
despite many of her other philanthropic deeds going unreported

bereave (v)
(be bereaved) if sb is bereaved, a relative or close friend has just died:
The ceremony was an ordeal for those who had been recently bereaved.
Centrelink told her she was not eligible for financial aid (free flights and $300 a
person in accommodation costs) provided to bereaved Australians who were caught
up in the disaster.

instinct (n)  (a)

bản năng
instinctive (a)

role model (n)

a person that you admire and try to copy:
We need positive role models for young women to aspire to.
Parents are a child's primary role models.
Ms Maulder does not object to being touted as a role model, but says this is only
because she has been fortunate to have been able to help people in crisis.

even if / though
mặc dù
Earlier, a university panel that investigated the study said Professor Hwang bore a
large responsibility even if the scale of his involvement was not yet clear.

inclemency (n)
tính khắc nghiệt
inn (n)
quán trọ
a pub, usually in the country and often one where people can stay the night
When I was thirteen years of age we all went on a party of pleasure to the baths near
Thonon; the inclemency of the weather obliged us to remain a day confined to the inn.

rugged (a)
ghồ ghề
South Australian firefighters, hampered by strong winds and rugged terrain, are
continuing to battle a blaze in the state's mid-north.

peripheral (a)
ngoại vi
Priority danger areas are the Hunter Valley, the Blue Mountains, parts of the Central
Coast and peripheral areas of Sydney including Baulkham Hills as well as Camden
and Campbelltown, he said.

accredited (a)
officially approved as being of an accepted quality or standard:
được chính thức công nhận
a fully accredited school / university / course
At the same time, Mr Abbott committed $1 million in funding to the ACRRM to
develop an accredited training program specifically for rural medicine.

murky (a)
đục ngầu
We watched buildings collapsing and cars floating in the murky torrent

frantic (a)
unable to control your emotions because you are extremely frightened or worried
about sth:
điên cuồng
frantic with worry
Let's go back. Your parents must be getting frantic by now.
Staff from the Brisbane Skydiving Centre, one of south-east Queensland's oldest
parachute training companies, frantically began ringing relatives of the three
instructors, three students and the pilot, who gathered at the centre while the bodies
were slowly pulled from the murky water.

expatriate (n)
a person living in a country that is not their own:
American expatriates in Paris

goodwill (n)
thiện chí

squat (v)
ngồi chồm hổm
Children were squatting on the floor.
When we saw them we squatted down behind a wall.

own (v)
to have sth that belongs to you, especially because you have bought it:
có, là chủ của
Do you own your house or do you rent it?
I don't own anything of any value.

owe (v)
nợ
She still owes her father £3000.
She still owes £3000 to her father
The country owes billions of dollars to foreign creditors.

twinkle (n)
an expression in your eyes that shows you are happy or amused about sth:
He looked at me with a twinkle in his eye.
Long before the Lord Of The Rings movie trilogy was even a twinkle in Peter
Jackson's eye, the NZ director had tried to remake King Kong (1933), the movie he
says inspired him to become a filmmaker in the first place, at the tender age of nine

solidarity (n)
sự đoàn kết

sacred (a)
thiêng liêng
A year ago Phuket and nearby upscale resorts became a seaside hell as a succession of
mammoth waves crashed ashore.

hammer and sickle

búa liềm
tools representing the people who work in industry and farming, used on the flag of
the former Soviet Union and as a symbol of Communism

compromise (v)
1/ ~ (with sb) (on sth) to give up some of your demands after a dispute with sb, in
order to reach an agreement:
thỏa hiệp
Neither side is prepared to compromise.
After much argument, the judges finally compromised on (= agreed to give the prize
to) the 18-year old pianist.
They were unwilling to compromise with the Communists.
2/ [VN] ~ sb/sth / yourself to bring sb/sth/yourself into danger or under suspicion,
especially by acting in a way that is not very sensible:
làm hại, làm tổn thương
She had already compromised herself by accepting his invitation.
Defeat at this stage would compromise their chances (= reduce their chances) of
reaching the finals of the competition.

debilitate (v)
to make sb's body or mind weaker:
làm suy yếu, làm suy nhược
a debilitating disease
The troops were severely debilitated by hunger and disease.
She found the heat debilitating.
If the recommendations were accepted by the federal Government, they would be able
to continue their quest for knowledge about and treatments for debilitating conditions
such as spinal cord injury and disorders such as heart, motor neurone, Alzheimer's and
Parkinson's disease.

condone (v)
to accept behaviour that is morally wrong or to treat it as if it were not serious:
tha thứ, bỏ qua (lỗi…)
[VN] Terrorism can never be condoned.
The college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs.
For them, the report condoned unethical research on human embryos that would lead
down a scientific slippery slope to human cloning, copying another person
subdue (v)
chế ngự
1/ to bring sb/sth under control, especially by using force
SYN DEFEAT:
Troops were called in to subdue the rebels.
government efforts to subdue inflation
2/ to calm or control your feelings:
Julia had to subdue an urge to stroke his hair.

subdued (a)
1/ (of a person) unusually quiet, and possibly unhappy:
He seemed a bit subdued to me. * She was in a subdued mood. * The reception was a
subdued affair.
2/ (of light or colours) not very bright:
subdued lighting * the subdued greens and browns of the landscape
3/ (of sounds) not very loud:
a subdued conversation * the sound of subdued laughter
4/ (of business activity) not very busy; with not much activity:
a subdued housing market * a period of subdued trading

obtrusive (a)  # (a)

noticeable in an unpleasant way:
làm phiền, quấy rầy, khó chịu
The sofa would be less obtrusive in a paler colour.
They tried to ensure that their presence was not too obtrusive.
unobtrusive (a)
Its business genius has exploited revenue derived from subdued and unobtrusive
advertising

subsist (v)
tồn tại, sinh sống
~ (on sth) to manage to stay alive, especially with limited food or money:
Old people often subsist on very small incomes.
Nesters pretty much stayed in their caves, subsisting on plants and small animals in
their immediate vicinity, remaining ever cautious

console (v)  (n)

~ sb / yourself (with sth) to give comfort or sympathy to sb who is unhappy or
disappointed:
[VN] Nothing could console him when his wife died.
She put a consoling arm around his shoulders.
consolation (n)
retreat (n)
a quiet, private place that you go to in order to get away from your usual life:
nơi ẩn dật
a country retreat
Her friend, Rowena Danziger, once confided that Ros "had to put up with a lot" over
the years. But she stuck by her man and there were consolations along the way. She
had three properties to enjoy, Cairnton at Bellevue Hill, a Palm Beach retreat, and
Elliston, at Scone. Among her collection of gold was Regency banquet tableware.

encrusted (a)  (n)

~ (with / in sth) covered with a thin hard layer of sth; forming a thin hard layer on sth:
khảm, nạm
a crown encrusted with diamonds
encrusted blood
In 2001, two years before the Packers's 40th anniversary, Kerry gave his wife a
$70,000 Louis Vuitton charm bracelet, with nine gem-encrusted charms, including a
diamond-studded Eiffel Tower.
incrustation (n)
The uncovered part had the appearance of a huge cylinder, caked over and its outline
softened by a thick scaly dun-coloured incrustation

womanising (n)
(disapproving) the fact of having sexual relationships with many different women
SYN PHILANDERING
Gretel, though, had a right to be bad-tempered, having to put up with Frank's
womanising

unravel (v)
làm sáng tỏ
The discovery will help scientists unravel the mystery of the Ice Age.
But now the world has seen the tragic unravelling of a remarkable series of scientific
successes made in stem cell research

a wedge of lemon
một lát chanh
vino (n)
rượu vang
ale (n)
a type of beer, usually sold in bottles or cans. There are several kinds of ale:
brown / pale ale
Fish and chips, a wedge of lemon, lashings of batter and salt – a splash of vinegar to
dilute the grease, perhaps – and all washed down with a soft drink, a frosty ale or a
glass of vino

streak (n)
vệt
There was a streak of blood on his face.
Albin described it as leaving a greenish streak behind it that glowed for some seconds.

horrendous (a)
kinh khủng, khủng khiếp
1/ extremely shocking; terrible:
horrendous injuries
The police officer said the attack was the most horrendous he had ever seen.
2/ extremely unpleasant and unacceptable:
horrendous traffic
They have horrendous financial problems.

terrific (a)
tuyệt vời

repatriate (v)  # (v)

to send or bring sb back to their own country:
hồi hương
The refugees were forcibly repatriated.
The insurance will cover the costs of repatriating you and your family in the case of
an accident.
expatriate (v)

godsend (n)
~ (for sb/sth) | ~ (to sb/sth) something good that happens unexpectedly and helps
sb/sth when they need help:
của trời cho
This new benefit has come as a godsend for low-income families.

declassify (v)
[VN] to state officially that secret government information is no longer secret:
declassified information / documents
Official documents declassified at the turn of the year reveal that Churchill was
opposed to Allied plans for war crimes trials and wanted to summarily execute
leading Nazi figures including Hitler, whom he regarded as "the mainspring of evil"
and a "gangster".

submission (n)
the act of accepting that sb has defeated you and that you must obey them:
sự phục tùng
a gesture of submission
to beat / force / starve sb into submission
His response was one of resistance, not submission.
On January 7, 1943, he said: "Let him out as an act of State, rather than an act of
submission to G' will. I wd. keep him there and let him do as he likes . . . But if you
are going to let him out because he strikes, then let him out now."

compulsive (a)
(of behaviour) that is difficult to stop or control:
compulsive eating / spending / gambling
(of people) not being able to control their behaviour:
a compulsive drinker / gambler / liar
But for compulsive shoppers, January is a difficult time to break bad habits.

nonetheless (adv)
(written) in spite of this fact
tuy nhiên, tuy thế mà
SYN NEVERTHELESS:
The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining.
The problems are not serious. Nonetheless, we shall need to tackle them soon.

self-interest (n)
tư lợi, quyền lợi bản thân

foremost (a)
the most important or famous; in a position at the front
hàng đầu
…created by one of the country’s foremost fashion designers

society (n)
đoàn thể, hội
Wilbur Wright, in a talk before the Western Society of Engineers in Chicago in
September 1901…

personality (n)
a famous person, especially one who works in entertainment or sport:
personalities from the world of music
a TV / sports personality
Other personalities who have also reportedly signed up for the program are former
Miss Universe Jennifer Hawkins, boxing champ Kostya Tszyu and music guru Molly
Meldrum.

stigma (n)
feelings of disapproval that people have about particular illnesses or ways of
behaving:
sự bất bình, sự phê phán của dự luận
the social stigma of alcoholism
There is no longer any stigma attached to being divorced.
After all, most of her friends had already done it, and the 22-year-old felt that being
small-breasted in Venezuela carried a bigger stigma than plastic surgery.

rampant (a)
(of sth bad) existing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be controlled:
lan tràn
rampant corruption / inflation
Unemployment is now rampant in most of Europe.
… and though the gap between rich and poor may be wide, beauty-driven
consumption is rampant at all income levels.

intellect (n)
1/ [U,C] the ability to think in a logical way and understand things, especially at an
advanced level; your mind:
trí tuệ
a man of considerable intellect
Alba Achique, the school's founder, denies the girls are learning to value appearance
over intellect, saying beauty is a career asset like any other.
2/ [C] a very intelligent person:
She was one of the most formidable intellects of her time.
fixation (n)
~ (with / on sb/sth) a very strong interest in sb/sth, that is not normal or natural:
sự ám ảnh
a mother fixation
He's got this fixation with cleanliness.
frivolous (a)
having no useful or serious purpose:
phù phiếm
frivolous pastimes / pleasures
A few Venezuelans criticise the fixation on physical appearance as frivolous in a
country where more than half the people live in poverty

contravene (v)  (n)

(written) to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule:
vi phạm, làm trái luật
The company was found guilty of contravening safety regulations.
contravention (n)
Overcrowding on Melbourne's trains has worsened dramatically, resulting in
contraventions of load limits and raising questions about how the State Government
can achieve its goal of increasing public transport use.

in part
partly; to some extent:
một phần, phần nào
Her success was due in part to luck.
Different viruses cause different diseases in part because each virus enters a cell by
first attaching to a specific suction-cuplike receptor on its surface

adapt (v)
~ sth (for sth) to change sth in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation
SYN MODIFY:
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people
In the first approach, termed transductional targeting, researchers are attempting to
adapt the viruses so that they preferentially infect, or transduce, cancer cells

for the time being

for a short period of time but not permanently:
You can leave your suitcase here for the time being.
For the time being at least, Olmert will have to content himself with jogging in a
sports stadium, media reported.

rigorous (a)
nghiêm khắc, khắt khe
Israel's Shin Beth security service, harshly criticised for failing to prevent the
assassination of then premier Yitzhak Rabin in 1995, today provides some of the most
rigorous security in the world to top officials.

truancy (n)
the practice of staying away from school without permission:
sự trốn học
Truancy rates at the school are very high.

inadvertently (adv)
by accident; without intending to:
không cố ý, không chủ tâm
We had inadvertently left without paying the bill.
fetish (n)
the fact of getting sexual pleasure from a particular object:
to have a leather fetish
Inadvertently overseeing the fetish material of the gentleman in grey flannel on the
train - that is the definition of too much information

babysit (v)  (n)

to take care of babies or children for a short time while their parents are out:
[V] She regularly babysits for us.
babysitting (n)

aside from
= apart from
ngoài ra, trừ ra

adopt (v)
method
[VN] to start to use a particular method or to show a particular attitude towards sb/sth:
theo, làm theo
All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.
endowment (n)
(formal) a quality or an ability that you are born with:
Few people are blessed with her mental endowments.
fantasy (n)
1/ [C] a pleasant situation that you imagine but that is unlikely to happen:
his childhood fantasies about becoming a famous football player
2/ [C] a product of your imagination:
Her books are usually escapist fantasies.
3/ [U] the act of imagining things; a person's imagination:
a work of fantasy
Stop living in a fantasy world.
Humans have long fantasised about adopting endowments from the animal kingdom.

enchantment (n)
(formal) a feeling of great pleasure
điều làm say mê, điều làm vui thích
IT'S one of the early enchantments in life, being read to

distraction (n)
an activity that amuses or entertains you
sự giải trí, sự tiêu khiển
enthral (v)  (a)
if sth enthrals you, it is so interesting, beautiful, etc. that you give it all your attention:
mê hoặc, làm say đắm
[VN] The child watched, enthralled by the bright moving images.
splendid (a)
(old-fashioned) excellent; very good:
hay, đẹp, tốt, tuyệt
What a splendid idea!
We've all had a splendid time.
It will be a splendid opportunity to practise your Spanish.
derring-do (n)
brave and heroic deeds
feast (v)
~ (on sth) to eat a large amount of food, with great enjoyment:
We sat in the yard feasting on barbecued chicken and beer.
Nothing is more conducive to serenity and distraction than an enthralling story
splendidly performed and it so happens that just at the moment, when the world is in
the collective grip of fantasy - what with Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings and
now Narnia - you can feast on God's plenty of derring-do and magical mystery tours
even as you're thundering on endlessly to Lord knows where

temperament (n)
a person's or an animal's nature as shown in the way they behave or react to situations
or people:
tính chất, tính khí
to have an artistic / a nervous / a fiery temperament
a horse with an excellent temperament
She's a dreamer and a romantic by temperament.

sibling (n)
anh chị em ruột

correlation (n)
~ (between A and B) | ~ (of A with B) a connection between two things in which one
thing changes as the other does:
sự tương quan
There is a direct correlation between exposure to sun and skin cancer.
the correlation of social power with wealth

assemble (v)
to come together as a group; to bring people or things together as a group:
tụ tập, tụ họp
[V] All the students were asked to assemble in the main hall.

emeritus (a)
danh dự
the Emeritus Professor of Biology

arrogance (n) =
conceit (n)

workshop (n)
a period of discussion and practical work on a particular subject, in which a group of
people share their knowledge and experience:
a drama workshop
a poetry workshop

extra-curricular (a)
[usuallybeforenoun] not part of the usual course of work or studies at a school or
college:
ngoại khóa
She's involved in many extra-curricular activities.
…it’s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through
volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities

vision (n)
an idea or a picture in your imagination:
He had a vision of a world in which there would be no wars.
I had visions of us getting hopelessly lost.
implement (v)  (n)
[VN] to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used
SYN CARRY OUT:
to implement changes / decisions / policies / reforms
A new work programme for young people will be implemented.
implementation (n)
the implementation of the new system
implement (n)
a tool or an instrument, often one that is quite simple and that is used outdoors:
công cụ
agricultural implements
visionary (n)
(usually approving) a person who has the ability to think about or plan the future in an
intelligent, imaginative way:
She was a true visionary.
The company needs visionaries to see opportunities.
You have a vision. What tools will it take to implement your vision? Questions like
this inspire us to create software that helps people turn old businesses into new
businesses, and take new businesses to places only a visionary could foresee.

collective (a)
(thuộc) tập thể
China may claim 5000 years of civilization – as locals often remind visitors from
younger nations – but over the past half-century most of the country forgot its
collective manners.

affectation (n)
behaviour or an action that is not natural or sincere and that is often intended to
impress other people:
sự điệu bộ, sự màu mè
His little affectations irritated her.
Kay has no affectation at all.
He raised his eyebrows with an affectation of surprise (= pretending to be surprised).
Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Republic, considered teeth brushing a
Western affectation and though nothing of greeting international dignitaries while
wearing patched trousers

defecate (v)  (n)

(formal) to get rid of solid waste from your body through your bowels
defecation (n)
…who recalls a recent sign in her apartment’s elevator requesting residents not to
urinate of defecate in it.

civility (n)
polite behaviour:
sự lễ độ, phép lịch sự
Staff members are trained to treat customers with civility at all times.
As China prepares to be host to the Olympics in 2008, officials have begun to
acknowledge the need to raise the level of public civility in order to the world the
country’s advances after just three decades of economic reform.

civil servants
công chức, viên chức nhà nước
The campaign has recruited 800000 volunteers to help direct Shanghai’s chaotic
traffic and aks civil servants not to dye their hair exotic shades like red, green or blue

proliferate (v)
1/ sinh sôi nảy nở
2/ tăng nhanh
(written) to increase rapidly in number or amount
SYN MULTIPLY:
Books and articles on the subject have proliferated over the last year.
yuppie (n)
(informal, often disapproving) a young professional person who lives in a city and
earns a lot of money that they spend on expensive and fashionable things
Private etiquette schools are proliferating to meet demand from yuppies who crave
guidance on eating, dressing and working in an international environment.

glitter (v) = sparkle (v)  (a)

lấp lánh
The ceiling of the cathedral glittered with gold.
The water glittered in the sunlight.
glittering (a), sparkling.

deprivation (n)
1/ sự mất
2/ sự nghèo khổ
the fact of not having sth that you need, like enough food, money or a home; the
process that causes this:
neglected children suffering from social deprivation
sleep deprivation
government policies to reduce urban / rural deprivation
repressive (a)
(of a system of government) controlling people by force and restricting their freedom:
đàn áp, áp chế, ức chế
a repressive regime / measure / law
…because its pervasive reach would make it impossible for repressive regimes to
control free speech and the flow of information within their borders.

enlist (v)
sth/sb (in sth) | ~ sb (as sth) to persuade sb to help you or to join you in doing sth:
tranh thủ, giành được
[VN] They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime.
We were enlisted as helpers
Beijing’s control of the Internet is bolstered by its success at enlisting the aid of
foreign companies such as Microsoft, Google and Yahoo!, all of which run online
operations on the mainland.

foundation (n)
an organization that is established to provide money for a particular purpose, for
example for scientific research or charity:
quỹ tài trợ
The money will go to the San Francisco AIDS Foundation.

transcendent (a)
siêu việt, vượt lên hẳn, hơn hẳn
Cartesian ‘dualism’ exerted a powerful influence over Western science for centuries,
and while dismissed by most neuroscientists today, still feeds the popular belief in
mind as a magical, transcendent quality.

contemporary (n)
bạn cùng thời
A contemporary of Descartes named Thomas Willis – often referred to as the father of
neurology – was the first to suggest that not only was the brain itself the locus of the
mind, but that different parts of the brain give rise to specific cognitive functions.

mainstay (n)
~ (of sth) a person or thing that is the most important part of sth and enables it to exist
or be successful:
chỗ dựa chính, rường cột, trụ cột
He is the mainstay of our theatre group.
Cocoa is the country's economic mainstay.
The Earth and its waters are universally understood to be the source and mainstay of
life as we know it.

pivotal (a)
(written) of great importance because other things depend on it:
then chốt, chủ chốt, mấu chốt
a pivotal role in European affairs
Accountancy, law and economics are pivotal to a successful career in any financial
services area
According to the RNA world theory, the appearance of a form of RNA capable of
coding for its own replication was the pivotal point in the origin of life.

selfless (a)
không ích kỷ, vị tha
quack (n)
(informal, disapproving) a person who dishonestly claims to have medical knowledge
or skills
lang băm
From selfless geniuses to self-promoting quacks, medicine has attracted all manner of
human characters.

mishap (n)
a small accident or piece of bad luck that does not have serious results:
việc rủi ro, việc không may; sự bất hạnh
a slight mishap
a series of mishaps
I managed to get home without (further) mishap.

function (n)
a social event or official ceremony:
buổi lễ, buổi họp mặt chính thức
The hall provided a venue for weddings and other functions.
NEXT week will be John Howard's week, with a string of functions in Canberra,
Sydney and Melbourne to mark his 10 years in power. Last night belonged to Peter
Costello.

spectre (n)
~ (of sth) something unpleasant that people are afraid might happen in the future:
nỗi ám ảnh, điều sợ hãi
bóng ma
The country is haunted by the spectre of civil war.
resurrect (v)
to bring back into use sth, such as a belief, a practice, etc., that had disappeared or
been forgotten:
làm sống lại, làm phục hồi lại
The campaign for spelling reform has been resurrected.
They said the comments raised the spectre of the White Australia policy being
resurrected.

commitment (n)
~ (to sb/sth) the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an
activity:
sự tận tâm, sốt sắng
"I still have a driving interest and commitment in the job," he said. "I still want to do
things."

uninformed (a)
having or showing a lack of knowledge or information about sth:
không am hiểu
We have had the uninformed comments of Danna Vale, we have had the comments
made by the Prime Minister and now we have these comments

sow (v)
gieo (hạt)

bombastic (a)
phô trương
scourge (n)
~ (of sb/sth) (written) a person or thing that causes trouble or suffering
tai họa
Pirates are once again the scourge of the China Sea.
In the case of the bombastic sixteenth century German Paracelsus, there is a curious
blend of the two; at the opposite end of the scale is the quiet English country doctor
Edward Jenner, whose vaccine eliminated the scourge of smallpox

reign (n)
triều đại
…he attended his royal master through most of his turbulent reign.

heedless (a)
không chú ý
charge (n)
nhiệm vụ, bổn phận, trách nhiệm
rage (v)
diễn ra ác liệt (cuộc chiến)
emblematic (a)
tượng trưng, biểu tượng, điển hình
The violence is emblematic of what is happening in our inner cities
bemused (a)
showing that you are confused and unable to think clearly:
a bemused expression / smile
intellectual (n)
người trí thức
engross (v)
if sth engrosses you, it is so interesting that you give it all your attention and time
làm mê mải, thu hút
cerebral (a)
(formal) relating to the mind rather than the feelings
(thuộc) trí óc
= intellectual (a)
This image of Harvey absorbed in his book, heedless even of his royal charges, while
the battle raged around him, has become emblematic of the bemused intellectual
engrossed in his cerebral pursuits.

secure (v)
chiếm được, giành được, đạt được
It was not until 1628, at the age of fifty, that Harvey published the work which
secured his fame.
cast sb/sth<->out
(literary) to get rid of sb/sth, especially by using force:
He claimed to have the power to cast out demons
spell (n)
lời thần chú
invocation (n)
sự cầu khẩn
spirit (n)
thần linh, quỷ thần
efficacious (a) = effective (a)
lore (n)
knowledge and information related to a particular subject, especially when this is not
written down; the stories and traditions of a particular group of people:
tri thức
toàn bộ sự hiểu biết và truyền thuyết (về một vấn đề gì)
 folklore (n)
the traditions and stories of a country or community
văn học dân gian, truyền thống dân gian
Protection could only be sought by means of superstition: the invocation and casting
out of spirits, the performance of spells and rituals. Some rituals proved more
efficacious and persisted. This was the beginning of medical lore.