Why We use instructional media Scanlan (2004) is of the opinion that, is general, a teacher should use the instructional

media as it can facilitate learning or increasing the students understanding of his/her material. Of course, communicating to facilitate learning can be a challenging process, and it often requires creative a variety of implicit instructional goal. Among the implicit goals that media can be helped by teachers to achieve are as follows : Attracting attention, Developing interest, Adjusting the learning climate, and Promoting acceptance (of an idea) As a rule, educational experiences that involve the learner physically and that give concrete examples are retained longer than abstract experiences such as listening to a lecture. Instructional media help add elements of reality for instance, including pictures or highly involved computer simulation in a lecture. Instructional media can be used to support one or more of the following teachingleaning activities : Gain attention. A picture on the screen, a question on the board, or music playing as student enter the room all serve to get the students attention. Recall prerequisites. Use media to help students recall what they learned in the last class, so that new material can be attached to and built upon it. Present objectives to the learners. Hand out or project the days learning objectives. Present new content. Not only can media help make new content more memorable, media can also help deliver new content (a text, movie, or video). Support learning though examples an visual elaboration. One of the biggest advantages of media is to bring the world into the classroom when it is no possible to take the student into the world Elicit student response. Present information to students and pose questions to them, getting them involved in answering the questions. Provide feedback. Media can be used to provide feedback relating to a test or class exercise. Enhance retention and transfer. Pictures enhance retention. Instructional media help students visualize a lesson an transfer abstract concepts into concrete, easier to remember objects. Assess performance. Media is an excellent way to pose assessment question for the class to answer, or students can be submit mediated presentations as classroom projects. Different Kind of Media There are so many instructional media used in teaching and learning starting from the simplest or cheapest ones to the most complex ones, without the need of the electricity, up to the most complex ones, without the need of the electricity, up to the expensive one which need the electricity. Vernon (1996) states that there are six kinds of media; 1. Drawing or teacher-made drawing

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This media can be constructed and support the topic which is being taught. The teacher can prepare it at home and apply it easily in the class to achieve the goals of the teaching and learning process. Still or static pictures This media can be shown into the real objects or the evens of outside the class. A still pictures is a record or a copy of real object or event which may be longer or smaller than the real object or events, for examples : photograph, bulletin board material, brochure, etc. Audio recording Recording is a mode of magnetic, on-disc, or on-motion picture soundtracks. This is the reproduction of actual event of sound effects. Sound is presented in the sequence in which they actually happen unless the recording is edited. Audio recording may be used individually or displayed directly to the audience. Motion picture and TV A motion picture or video tape recording is a moving image on color or black and white produced from live action or from graphic presentation. Objects or evens may be in normal motion and edited for abbreviating or high lighting. It can be silent or having sound. All types of audio-video electronic system can be appeared on a cathode ray tube or TV monitor. Real objects, simulations and models This category includes people, events, object and demonstration. Real object as contrasted with other media are not substituted by the artificial objects or events. They are, in fact, life, often in its natural setting. There are countless real objects in the immediate community. As long as they are readily and economically available, use them. Simulation is the replication of real situation which has been designed to be as near actual events or process as possible. A model is a replica or reality. It is often in scale and may be in miniature, exact side or an enlargement. Programmed and computer-assisted instruction The example of computer-assisted instruction is sequences of information which are designed to elicit predetermined response. The most common examples are programmed text books or instructional programs prepared for computers. Mulyanan,Kim classifies the instructional media for teaching language into: Games and simulation: Examples of games: scrabble, bingo, words puzzle. Examples of simulation: role playing, socio drama, psycho-drama puppet show. Visual media: Examples: blackboard, flannel board, magnetic board, wall chart, flash card, reading box, reading machine, module, picture card, slide, film, OHP. Audio Media: Examples: radio, recordings, record player Audio-visual media: Examples: voiced slides, films, TV, Video Tape Recorder.

There are also visual media that can be effectively used by teachers in the classroom. Those media are as follows: 1. Pictures Photographs of people, places, animal, plants and things found in magazines, newspapers or calendars can be very good media for stimulating conversation or discussion. Pictures of kind can also be obtained from the internet. 2. Realia or real objects. Realia means real things, such as things found in the classroom: blackboard, chairs, switches, etc. or things that you take them with you into the classroom, such as fruit, coins, plants, animals, or collection of artifacts. 3. Drawings or teacher-made drawings Drawings are quick to do. They should be simple but show a lot of information. 4. Charts, posters and cartoons A chart is a diagram, picture, or graph which is intended to make information easier to understand. A poster is a large printed picture or notice in a public place, often used to advertise something. A cartoon is a humorous drawing or series of drawings in a newspaper or magazine. A flip chart, a stand with large sheets of paper which is used when presenting information, can be a good tool for putting charts, cartoons, or posters All the above media can be a powerful tool to initiate a discussion to foster the four language skills: writing, reading, and writing. 5.