Sermo Lupi ad Anglos The Sermon of the Wolf to the English.

ermo Lupi ad Anglos, quando Dani maxime persecuti sunt eos quod fuit anno millesimo

XIIII ab incarnatione domini nostri Iesu Cristi:~~~ Leofan men gecnawa t so is: eos worolde is on ofste & hit nealc am ende. & y hit is on worolde aa swa leng swa wyrse, & swa hit sceal nyde for folces synnan fram 5 dge to dge, r antecristes tocyme, yfelian swye. & huru hit wyr nne egeslic & grimlic wide on worolde. Understanda eac georne t deofol as eode nu fela geara dwelode to swye, & t lytle getreowa wran mid mannum, eah hy wel sprcan. & unrihta to fela ricsode on lande, & ns a fela manna e smeade ymbe a bote swa georne swa man scolde, ac dghwamlice man ihte yfel fter orum, & unriht rrde & unlaga 10 manege ealles to wide gynd ealle as eode. & we eac foram habba fela byrsta & bysmara gebiden, & gif we nige bote gebidan scylan onne mote we s to Gode ernian bet onne we r ysan dydan. Foram mid miclan earnungan we geearnedan a yrma e us on sitta & mid swye micelan earnungan we a bote motan t Gode gercan, gif hit sceal heonanfor godiende 15 weoran. La hwt we witan ful georne t to miclan bryce sceal micel bot nyde, & to miclan bryne wter unlytel, gif man t fyr sceal to ahte acwencan. & micel is nydearf eac manna gehwilcum t he Godes lage gyme heonanfor georne bet onne he r dyde, & Godes gerihta mid rihte gelste. On henum eodum ne dear man forhealdan lytel, ne micel, s e gelagod is to gedwolgoda weorunge, & we forhealda ghwr Godes 20 gerihta ealles to gelome. & ne dear man gewanian on henum eodum, inne ne ute, nig ra inga e gedwolgodan broht bi & to lacum betht bi. & we habba Godes hus, inne & ute, clne berypte lcra gerisena, & Godes eowas syndan me & munde gewelhwr bedlde. & sume men secga t gedwolgoda enan ne dear man misbeodan on nige wisan mid henum leodum, swa swa man Godes eowum nu de to wide, r 25 Cristene scoldan Godes lage healdan & Godes eowas griian. Ac so is t ic secge: earf is re bote foram Godes gerihta wanedan to lange innan ysse eode on ghwylcan nde, & folclaga wyrsedan ealles to swye, syan Eadgar geendode. & halignessa syndan to grilease wide & Godes hus syndan to clne berypte ealdra gerihta & innan bestrypte lcra gerisena. & wydewan syndan wide 30 fornydde on unriht to ceorle & to mnege foryrmde & gehynede swye, & earme men syndan sare beswicene & hreowlice besyrwde, & ut of ysan earde wide gesealde swye unforworhte fremdum to gesealde, & cradolcild geeowede urh wlhreowe unlaga, forlytelre yfe wide gynd as eode. & freoriht fornumene & rlriht genyrwde & lmsriht gewanode. Frige men ne motan wealdan heora sylfna ne faran ar hi willa ne 35 ateon heora agen swa swa hi willa. Ne rlas ne moton habban t hi agon on agenan hwilan mid earfean gewunnen. Ne t t heom on Godes est gode men geuon. & to lmesgife for Godes lufan sealdon. Ac ghwilc lmesriht e man on Godes est scolde mid rihte georne gelstan. Alc man gelitla oe forhealde, foram unriht is to wide

mannum gemne & unlaga leofe. & hrdest is to cweenne Godes laga lae & lara 40 forsawenne, & s we habba ealle urh Godes yrre bysmor gelome, gecnawe se e cunne. & se byrst wyr gemne eh man swa ne wene eallre ysse eode butan God beorge. Foram hit is on us eallum swutol & gesene t we r ysan oftor brcan onne we bettan, & y is ysse eode fela onsge. Ne dohte hit nu lange inne ne ute: ac ws 45 here & hungor, nu bryne & blodgyte on gewelhwylcan ende oft & gelome. & us stalu & cwalu, stric & steorfa, orfcwealm & uncou, hol & hete, & rypera reaflac derede swye earle. & us ungylda swye gedrohtan, & us unwedera foroft weoldan unwstma; foram on ysan earde ws, swa hit incan mg, nu fela geara unrihta fela & tealte getrywa ghwr mid mannum. Ne bearh nu foroft gesib gesibban e ma e fremdan, ne fder his 50 bearne, ne hwilum bearn his agenum fder, ne broor orum. Ne ure nig his lif ne fadode swa swa he scolde, ne gehadode regellice, ne lwede lahlice. Ac worhtan lust us to lage ealles to gelome, & naor ne heoldan ne lare ne lage Godes ne manna, swa swa we scoldan. Ne nig wi oerne getrywlice ohte swa rihte swa he scolde, ac mst lc swicode & orum derede wordes & dde, & huru unrihtlice mst lc oerne ftan 55 heawe mid sceandlican onscytan & mid wrohtlacan -- do mare gif he mge. Foram her syn on lande ungetrywa micle for Gode & for worolde, & eac her syn, on earde, on mistlice wisan hlafordswican manege: & ealra mst hlafordswice se bi on worolde t man his hlafordes saule beswice. & ful micel hlafordswice eac bi on worolde t man his hlafordes saule beswice. & ful micel hlafordswice eac bi on worolde 60 t man his hlaford of life forrde, oon of lande lifiendne drife, & ger is geworden on ysan earde: Eadweard man forrdde, & syan acwealde & fter am forbrnde; and elred mon drfde ut of his earde. & godsibbas & godbearn to fela man forspilde wide gynd as eode, toeacan oron ealles to manegan e man unscyldige forfor, ealles to wide. & ealles to mnege haligestowa wide forwurdan urh t e man -- sume men 65 r am gelogode swa manna ne scolde, gif man on Godes grie me witan wolde. & cristenes folces to fela man gesealde ut of ysan earde, nu ealle hwile, & eal t is Gode la, gelyfe se e wille. Eac we witan georne hwr seo yrm gewear & scandlic is to specenne t geworden is to wide. & egeslic is to witanne t oft do to manege, e dreoga a yrme hwilum, t sceota togdere & ane cwenan gemnum ceape bicga 70 gemne & wi a ane fyle adreoga, an fter anum & lc fter arum hundum geliccast e for fyle ne scrifa. & syan wi weore sylla of lande feondum to gewealde Godes gesceafte -- & his agenne ceap e He deore gebohte. Eac we witan georne hwr seo yrm gewear t fder gesealde bearn wi weore, & bearn his modor, & broor sealde oerne fremdum to gewealde, & ut of isse eode. Eal t syndan micle & egeslice dda, 75 understande se e wille. & gyt hit is mare & eac mnigfealdre t dere ysse eode: mnige synd forsworene & swye forlogene & wed synd to brocene oft & gelome, & t is gesyne on ysse eode t us Godes yrre hetelice on sit, gecnewe se e cunne. And la! Hu mg mare scamu urh Godes yrre mannum gelimpan onne us de gelome for agenum gewyrhtum? eh rla wylc hlaforde thleape & of Cristendom to 80 wicinge weore, & hit fter am eft geweore t wpngewrixl weore gemne egene & rle: gif rl ne egen fullice afyllen licge gylde ealre his mge, &, gif se egen ne rl e he r ahte fullice afylle, gylde egengylde. Ful earhlice laga & scandlice, nydgyld urh Godes yrre us syn gemne; understande se e cunne. & fela ungelimpa

gelimp ysse eode oft & gelome: ne dohte hit nu lange inne ne ute. Ac ws here & hete 85 on gewelhwilcan ende, oft & gelome, & Engle nu lange eal sigelease & to swye geyrigde urh Godes yrre. & flotmen swa strange urh Godes afunge, t oft ongefeohte anfese tyne, & twegen oft twentig, & hwilum ls hwilum ma, eal for urum synnum. & oft tyne oe twelfe, lc fter orum, scenda to bysmore s egenes cwenan & hwilum his dohtor oe nydmagan, r he on loca, e lt hine sylfene rancne 90 & ricne & genoh godne r t gewurde. & oft rl ne egen e r ws his hlaford cnyt swye fste & wyrc him to rle urh Godes yrre. Wala re yrme & wala re woroldscame e nu habba Engle eal urh Godes yrre. Oft twegen smn, oe ry hwilum, driwa a drafe cristentra manna fram s to s -- ut urh as eode, gewelede togdere, us eallum to woruldscame, gif we on eornost nige cuon ariht understandan. 95 Ac eal ne ne bysmor e we oft olia, we gylda mid weorscype am e us scenda. We him gylda singallice & hy us hyna dghwamlice; hy herga & hy brna, rypa & reafia, & to scipe lda. & la hwt! Is nig oer on eallum am gelimpum butan Godes yrre ofer as eode swutol & gesne? Nis eac nan wundor eah us mislimpe: foram we witan ful georne t nu fela 100 geara mnn na ne rohtan, foroft, hwt hy worhtan wordes oe dde. Ac wear es eodscipe, swa hit incan mg, swye forsyngod urh mnigfealde synna & urh fela misdda: urh mordda & urh mandda, urh gitsunga & urh gifernessa, urh stala & urh strudunga, urh mannsylena & urh hene unsida, urh swicdomas & urh searacrftas, urh lahbrycas & urh swicas, urh mgrsas & urh manslyhtas, 105 urh hadbrycas & urh wbrycas, urh siblegeru & urh mistlice forligru & eac syndan wide, swa we r cwdan, ur abricas & urh wedbrycas, & urh mistlice leasunga forloren, & forlogen ma onne scolde, & freolsbricas & fstenbrycas wide geworhte oft & gelome. & eac her syn on earde Godes wiersacan, apostatan abroene & cyrichatan hetole, & leodhatan grimme ealles to manege, & oferhogan wide godcundra rihtlaga & 110 cristenra eawa, & hocorwyrde dysige ghwr on eode oftost of a ing e Godes bodan beoda & swyost on a ing e fre to Godes lage gebyria mid rihte. & y is nu geworden wide & side to ful yfelan gewunan t menn swyor scama nu for godddan onne for misddan; foram to oft man mid hocere god dda hyrwe & Godfyhte lehtre ealles to swye & swyost man tle & mid olle gegrete ealles to gelome a e riht 115 lufia. & Godes ege habba be nigum dle. & urh t e man swa de t man eal hyrwe t man scolde heregian & to for laet t man scolde lufian. urh t man gebringe ealles to manege on yfelan geance & on undaede, swa t hy ne scama na eh hy syngian swye & wid God sylfne forwyrcan hy mid ealle ac for idelan onscytan. Hy scama t hy betan heora misdda, swa swa bec tcan, gelice am dwsan e for 120 heora wrytan lewe nella beorgan: r hy na ne magan, eh hy eal willan. Her syndan urh synleawa, swa hit incan mg, sare gelewede to manege on earde. Her syndan, swa we r sdon, mannslagan & mgslagan & msserbanan & mynster hatan & hlafordswican & bere apostatan, & her syndan mansworan & mororwyrhtan, & her syndan hadbrecan & aewbrecan, & urh siblegeru & urh mistlice 125 forligeru forsyngode swye, & her syndan myltestran & bearn myrrah & fule forlegene horingas manege, & her syndan wiccan & wlcyrian, & her syndan ryperas & reaferas & woruldstruderas & eofas & eodscaan, & wedlogan & wrlogan. & hrdest is to cweenne mana & misdda ungerim ealra: & s us ne scama na, ac s us scama swye t we bote agennan, swa swa bec tcan, & t is gesyne on ysse earman 130 forsyngodan eode. Ea la! Micel magan manege git hertoeacan eae beencan s e

anman ne mehte on hrdinge asmeagan, hu earmlice hit gefaren is nu ealle hwile wide gynd as eode. & smeage huru georne gehwa hine sylfne, & s na ne latige ealles to lange. Ac la, on Godes naman, utan don swa us neod is, beorgan us sylfum swa we geornost magan, e ls we tgdere ealle forweoran. 135 An eodwita ws on Brytta tidum, Gildas hatte. Se awrat be heora misddum, hu hy mid heora synnum swa oferlice swye God gegrmedan, t He let t nyhstan Engla here heora eard gewinnan, & Brytta dugee foron mid ealle. & t ws geworden s e he sde, urh gelredra regolbryce & urh lwedra lahbryce, urh ricra reaflac & urh gitsunge wohgestreona; urh leode unlaga & urh wohdomas, urh biscopas asolcennesse 140 & unsnotornesse, & urh lyre yrhe Godes bydela, e soes geswugedan ealles to gelome & clumedan mid ceaflum r hy scoldan clypian. urh fulne eac folces glsan & urh oferfylla & mnigfealde synna heora eard hy forworhtan & selfe hy forwurdan. Ac wutan don swa us earf is warnian us be swilcan, & so is t ic secge, wyrsan dda we witan mid Englum, sume gewordene onne we mid Bryttan hwar gehyrdan. & y us is 145 earf micel t we us beencan & wi God sylfne ingian georne. & utan don swa us earf is gebugan to rihte & be suman dle unriht forltan, & betan swye georne t we r brcan. & utan God lufian & Godes lagum fylgean, & gelstan swye georne t t we behetan a e fulluht underfengan, oon a e t fulluhte ure forespecan wran, & utan word & weorc rihtlice fadian, & ure in geanc clnsian georne, & a & wed wrlice 150 healdan, & sume getrywa habban us betweonan butan uncrftan. & utan gelome understandan one miclam Dom e we ealle to sculon & beorgan us georne wi one weallendan bryne helle wites, & geearnian us a mra & a myrha e God hf gegearwod am e his willan on worolde gewyrca. God ure helpe, Amen.

A aa, a adv always, ever abreoan intr to fail, to deteriorate, to decay ac conj but, nevertheless, moreover ac gif unless, except acwellan v to kill, destroy acwencan v to quench, extinguish adreogan v to suffer, endure, practice, do afyllan v to cause to fall, to slay, to kill agan v to own (agen pp) agen n property

aginnan v to begin aht f possessions ahwar anywhere, at any time ana adj, adv one, alone, only and conj and (usu & or 7) apostata m apostate ariht properly, aright ascunian v to shun, to irritate asmeagan v to consider, elicit, devise asolcennes f sloth, laziness, sleepiness ateon v to draw up, pull out, lead out, draw a m oath abrice m perjury awritan v to write, compose bere adj manifest, notorious, public, open, evident fre adv ever, at any time ftan adv from behind, behind fter prep w d i a after, behind adv afterwards, thereafter ghwr everywhere, in every direction ghwilc adj each, all

ger, wer pron, adv every one, either, both gylde adv receiving no wergild as compensation for a death lc pron subs each one, any, all, every lc adj, pron each, any lmesgifu f alms, charity lmesriht n right of receiving alms nde m end, conclusion nig pron and sb any, any one (nige inga: anyhow, somehow) r adv, prep, conj before, before that swic m infamy, offence t prep, adv near, at, by, to tgdere adv together thleapan v to run away wbreca m adulterer wbryce m adultery B bndan v to bend brnan v to kindle, burn be prep w d by bearn n child, son, dependent bearnmyrra, -re mf murderer, -ess of a child

bedlan v to deprive, strip, release behatan v to promise, pledge oneself, vow beodan v to command, summon beon v bi, is, nis, syndan, synd, syn, sy: to be beorgan v to preserve, defend, save, spare berypan v strip, rob bestrypan v strip, plunder beswican v deceive, betray besyrwan v to ensnare, deprive, deceive bet adv better betan v to amend, compensate betcan v w/d to make over, impart, deliver, dedicate betweonan prep, adv between, among; meanwhile beencan v to think, consider, remember gebicgan v buy, pay for, acquire gebidan v remain, experience, endure bifigan v tremble biscop m bishop bismrian v to mock, blaspheme bi v see beon blodgyte m bloodshed boc fn book, Bible

boda m messenger, prophet, herald bot f remedy, relief, atonement brecan v to break, shatter, burst gebringan v to bring, lead forth broor m brother, kinsman bryce mn breach, infringement, fragile; advantage, profit bryne m a burning, fire, burn gebugan v to bow butan prep, conj, adv outside of, except; but; without bydel m beadle, warrant officer, preacher gebyrian v to happen, befit byrst m loss, calamity, injury bysmor insult, mockery, scandal C ceafl m jaw ceap m cattle, value, property ceorl m churl, layman, man clne adj, adv clean, pure; purely, entirely clnsian v to cleanse, purify clumian v to murmur, mumble, mutter clypian v to speak, cry out, call

gecnawan v to know, perceive cnyttan v to fasten, bind, tie cradolcild n child in the cradle, infant creopan v to creep, crawl cristen m Christian cristendom m Christianity, the church cunnan v cunne, cuon to know, come to know cwalu f killing, murder, violent death, destruction cwene f woman cwean v to say, speak, regard, declare cyning m king, ruler cyrichata m church-tormentor, persecutor D dd f deed, event; dead dg m day dwamlice adv daily, of day dl m part (be nigum dle: to any extent) dedbot f amends, atonement, repentance deofol mn devil deore adj, adv dear; dearly derian v w d to damage, injure, hurt

dihtan v to arrange, compose, appoint dohtor f daughter don v to do, make draf f action of driving, expulsion; company, band drfan v to drive, drive out gedreccan v to vex, irritate, torment, oppress dreogan v to suffer, endure, do, work drifan v to drive dugan v to avail, be worth dugu fm body of noble retainers, man, host, multitude durran v to dare, venture dws adj, m dull, foolish; clumsy impostor dwelian v to go astray, lead astray gedwolgod m false god, idol, image dysig adj, n, m foolish, ignorant; foolishness, error; fool E eac adv also, moreover, and, likewise eal adj, adj all, entire; fully, entirely eala interj alas! oh! lo! eald adj ieldra, ieldest: old, ancient ealles, ealle adv entirely (ealles for swie: utterly, altogether)

eard m native place, land, country, earth earfee, earfoe n, adj hardship, torment; troublesome, hard, difficult eargian v to shun, fear, turn coward earhlic adj shameful, slothful earm adj poor, wretched earmlice adv miserably, wretchedly geearnian v w g/a to earn, merit, win, labor for earnung f merit, reward, consideration, pay, labor eae n, adv an easy thing, easy; easily, soon, willingly ege m awe, fear, dread egeslic adj terrible ende m end, conclusion, boundary, district geendian v to end, finish eornost f seriousness (on eornost: in earnest) est mf favor, grace, harmony F fadian v to arrange, dispose, guide gefaran v to set forth fc n space of time fder m father fste fast, firmly, securely

fstenbryce m breach of fast fela sbn, adj much. many; very much feawer few feoh n cattle, movable goods, property gefeoht n action of fighting, battle feond m adversary, fiend, Devil feorh mn life, principle of life feower four fesan, fesian v to drive away flotman m sailor, pirate folc n folk, people, a nation folclagu f law of the people, public law for prep, conj, adv before; because; very forbrnan v burn up, consume by fire fordon anv to undo, destroy, abolish foresp(r)eca m sponsor forfaran v to destroy forhealdan v to forsake, misuse forltan v relinquish, let go forleogan v to lie, perjure oneself, slander forleosan v to lose, abandon, let go forlorenes f state of being forlorn

forlicgan v to commit adultery or fornication forliger n adultery, wantonness, fornication forniman v to take away, plunder, deprive of fornydan v to coerce, compel foroft very often forrdan v to plot against, betray forseon v to overlook, neglect, renounce forspillan v to lose, waste, disperse, destroy forswerian v to swear falsely forsyngian v to sin greatly for adv, prep forwards, hence, thence; during foram conj, adv for that, because, on that account; consequently forfaran v to depart, die, go forth forweoran v to perish, deteriorate, pass away forwyrcan v to do wrong, sin foryrman v to reduce to poverty, bring low fostor m nourishment, maintenance, sustenance fram prep w d/i, adv from; from, forth fremde foreign, strange fremu f advantage, gain, benefit freo adj free freolsbrice m breach of festival (feast)

freoriht n rights of freemen frige n free ful adj, n foul, filthy; filth, crime, offense ful adj full, filled fullice adv fully, completely, entirely fulluht mfn baptism fylgean v w d/a to follow, pursue fyl f uncleanliness, impurity fyr n fire G glsa f pride, wantonness, luxury ge conj and, (ge...ge: both...and) gear nm year gegearwian v to facilitate, make ready, do georne adv eagerly, earnestly gieman v to pay heed to gif conj if gifernes f greediness, gluttony, avarice gitsung f avarice, desire, covetousness God mn God, image of a god, the Christian deity god adj, n betera, betest: good; a good thing, advantage

godbearn n a godchild godcund religious, sacred, divine goddd f good work, benefit, good deed godfyrht God-fearing gegodian v to improve, get better godsibb m sponsor gegrmian v to enrage, provoke, irritate gegretan v to greet, salute, challenge grim fierce, savage, grim grimlic adj fierce, grim gri n truce gegriian v to make a truce or peace grileas adj unprotected gyldan v to yield, pay gynd, geond prep w a throughout, through gyt adv yet H habban v to have, preserve had m degree, rank, order hadbreca m injurer of one in holy orders hadbryce m injury of one in holy orders

hadian v to ordain, consecrate halig holy, consecrated halignes f holiness, sanctuary hatan v to call, order hen adj, m heathenish; gentile, heathen man (esp. of the Danes) he pron he healdan v to hold, contain heawan v to cut down, stab hell f Hell helpan v to help heonanfor henceforth heorte f soul, mind, intellect, spirit, heart her adv here, in this place here m predatory band, army hergian v to ravage, plunder hertoeacan besides hete m hate hetelice adv violently hetol hating, hostile hlaford m lord, master hlafordswica m traitor hlafordswice m high treason, treachery

hocor n insult, derision hocorwyrde derisive, scornful hogian v to care for, think about, ponder hol n slander hor n adultery hrdest quickest, briefest hrding f haste hreowlice adv grievously, wretchedly hu adv how hund m dog, hound hunger m hunger, desire huru adv at least, indeed hus n house hwa mf, pron who, what gehwa each one, whoever hwr adv, conj where, whither, everywhere gehwr everywhere, in all directions hwt n pron, interj why, wherefore, what; lo! behold! hwil f while, time gehwilc each, any hwilum adv whilom, sometimes, once hwylc pron, adj which

hynan v humiliate gehyran v to hear hyrwan v to abuse I ic pron I ican v to increase (pret. ihte) idel adj, n worthless; emptiness ingeanc mn thought, mind, conscience, intention innan prep, adv from within; within, inside, in inne adv inside is v see beon L la interj lo! behold! ah! (hwt la: what!) lac nf offering, sacrifice, gift gelagian v to ordain lagu f law lahbryce m breach of the law lahlice adv lawfully land n earth, land lange adv for a long time

lar f learning, preaching latian v to linger, delay la adj, n hateful, hostile; injury, misfortune laettan v to hate ldan v to lead, to take lran v to teach ls adv, sbn, conj less, lest gelstan v to furnish, pay, grant, perform ltan v to allow lwede adj, sb lay; layman leasung f false witness, deceit, hypocrisy lehtrian v to blame leod m, f man; people leodhata m persecutor leof adj dear, beloved lew f injury lewian v to injure gelic adj w d like; similitude geliccast adj w d most like, as a twin or double licgan v to lie lif n life, existence lifian v to live (libban)

lifiende adj, sb living, having life; the living gelimpan v to happen, occur, exist gelitlian v to lessen, diminish, decrease locian v to see, behold lof n praise, glory gelogian v to arrange gelome adj, adv frequent; frequently lufian v to love lufu f love lust m, adj desire; willing gelyfan v to believe lytel adj little, short lyre adj wicked M ma adv, adj, sb more magan v to be able man m man man n wicked deed, crime mandd f wicked deed manig adj, pron many mannslaga m manslaughter, murderer

mannslege m manslaughter, murder mannsylen f manselling (to slavery) manslyht m manslaughter, murder manswara m perjurer mara m greater, more mgrs m attack on kinsmen, relatives mgslaga m slayer of a relative, parricide, fratricide mg kinsmen, family group, clan gemne adj common, public mnigfeald adv manifold mr f glory, fame, mirth msserbana m murderer of a priest mst adj, adv, n most, mostly, most micel adj mara, msta: great mid prep w d/i/a, adv with; at the same time milds f mercy misbeodan v w d to ill-use, injure, do wrong to misdd f misdeed, sin mislimpan impers w d to go wrong, turn out badly mistlic manifold modor f mother mordd f murder, deadly sin

mororwyrhta m murderer motan v to be allowed to, mot: may, must mund f security, protection myltestre f prostitute mynsterhata m persecutor of monasteries myrh f mirth, joy N na adv, conj not at all, never, no nama, nome m name nan pron,adj, sb w g none; not one; none, no one, nothing naor conj neither ne adv, conj not, no; neither, nor nealcan v to approach, to come near neod f need genoh adv enough nu adv now nyde adv necessarily nydgyld n tribute nydmage f close kinswoman nydearf f necessity nyhst adv next

nyrwan v to restrict O of prep w d of, from ofer prep w a over oferfyllu f gluttony oferhoga m despiser oferlice adv overly ofst f haste oft adj oftor, oftost: oft, often oll n contempt on adv, prep w d, prep w a in, on; in; in, against onsge adj attacking onscyte m attack, assault orfcwealm m murrain oer pron other oe conj or oon conj or P pryte f pride, haughtiness

R ranc adj proud, noble, strong gercan v to reach, attain rran v to rear, to raise reafere m robber, plunderer reafian v to rob, to plunder reaflac nm robbery, plunder reccan v to wreck, care regolbryce m breach of rules rice adj, n strong, powerful; rule, reign ricsian v to bear rule, to govern, to tyrranize riht n, adj equity, justice; proper, fair gerihte n right, due rihte adv right, due, straight rihtlagu f regular legal ordinance rihtlice adv properly, justly gerisene n what is fitting, dignity, honor rypan v tospoil, plunder, rob rypere m robber, plunderer S sacerdbana m priest-slayer

sar n, adj bodily pain, wound; sore, grievous, painful sare adv biterly, sorely, grievously sawol f soul s mf sea sman m seaman, pirate, viking scamian v to shame, to be ashamed scamu f shame, confusion scandlic adj shameful, disgraceful gesceaft fmn created being, creature scendan v to put to shame sceotan v to shoot, to strike scip n ship scrifan v prescribe, ordain sculan v to be obliged, must, ought se dem pron he se rel pron who, which se def art the searacrft m artifice, treachery secgan v to say gesib adj, sb related, akin; kinsman sibleger n incest side adv widely

sigeleas not victorious, defeated simble adv ever, continually, constantly singallice adv incessantly sittan v to sit smeagan v to think, ponder so n, adj truth, reality; genuine, real specan v to speak, say stalu f stealing steorfa m pestilence stow f place strang adj strengra, strengest: strong, powerful, bold stric n plague, strife, sedition (?) strudung f robbery sum indef pron a certain one, some one, something, one swa adv and conj, pron so as, consequently, thus, so far as; the same, such, that swician v to deceive, be treacherous swicdom m fraud, betrayal, treason swilc pron such a one, which geswugian v to remain silent swutol adj clear, evident swye adj swyor, swyost: very, exceedingly sylf adj self

gesyllan v to sell, give syndd f sinful deed gesyne adj seen, evident syngian v to sin synleaw f injury of sin synn f sin syan adv afterwards, after, since, then T tawian v to prepare, make ready tcan v to show, teach, demonstrate tlan v to blame, censure tealt adj unstable, precarious tid f tide, time to adv, prep w d too, also; to, for, as tobrecan v to break in pieces, destroy tocyme m coming, advent, arrival toeacan prep and adv besides, moreover togdere adv together getrywlice adv truly, loyally getryw f loyalty, troth twegen num two

twelf num twelve twentig num twenty tyne num ten a adv, conj then; when afung f permission geanc mn thought, mind nne adv then r, ar adv there, where s adv therefore s e conj according to t conj so that e rel pron the, who, which, whom e conj than eah conj though, although earf f need, necessity earle adv violently eaw m custom, habit egen, enan m thane egengyld n compensation for a thane, wergild encan v to think, intend

eod f people, nation eodscaa m public pest, criminal eodscipe m nation, people eodwita m learned man, senator eof m criminal, thief eow m servant eowian v to enslave es dem adj this es dem pron this incan v to seem, to appear ing n thing ingian v to intercede olian v to suffer, endure onne adv, conj then; than rl m thrall, slave rlriht n the rights of a slave ry num three urh prep w a through, by means of y adv therefore yf f theft U

uncou f disease uncrft m evil practice undd f wicked deed, crime underfon v to receive understandan v to understand, perceive unforworht adj innocent ungelimp nm mishap, misfortune ungerim n countless ungetryw f disloyalty, treachery ungylde n excessive tax unlagu f violations of law unlytel adj much geunnan v to allow unriht n injustice unrihtlice adv unjustly, wrongly unscyldig adj innocent unsidu m bad custom, vice unsnotorness f folly, wickedness unegenlice adv not thane-like, not in a suitable manner for a thane un wstm m failure of crops unweder n storm ure poss adj our (see we)

us pron w d or a us (see we) ut adv out utan let us (see witan) ute adv outside, abroad W wala interj alas! woe! gewanian v to diminish warnian v to warn, to caution wlcyrie f valkyrie (chooser of the slain), witch, sorceress wlhreow adj cruel, fierce, bloodthirsty wpnegewrixl n hostile encounter wra v (see wesan) wrlice adv warily wrloga n warlock, traitor ws v (see wesan) wter n water we pron we geweald m power, possession, control wealdan v w g rule, cause, bring about weallan v to well, surge, boil wed n vow, pledge

wedbryce m violation of pledge or vow wedloga m breaker of a pledge or vow wel adv well gewelhwr adv nearly everywhere gewelhwylc adv nearly every welwan v to huddle wenan v to think, believe, imagein, ween weorc n work, labor weor n, adj price; worthy geweoran v to become weorscipe m worth, respect, dignity weorung f honoring wesan v to be wicca m wizard wicce f witch wicing m pirate, viking wide adv widely willa m will, pleasure willan v to desire, wish, be willing gewinnan v to conquer, win, gain wise f way, manner witan v to know, to show respect

witan v to go (wutan, utan -- in a jussive clause: let us) wite n punishment, torment wi prep w a, w d towards, against; for wiersaca m adversary wohdom m unjust judgment wohgestreon n ill-gotten property word n word worold f world woroldscamu f worldly shame worolstrudere m spoilator, plunderer wrohtlac n calumny wuldor n glory gewuna m custom wundor n wonder wutan let us (see witan) wyduwe f widow wyrcan v work, make, do gewyrht n deed, action, desert wyrse adv and adj worse wyrsian v to grow worse, worsen, deteriorate Y

yfel n, adj evil; evilness yfelian v to grow evil, to worsen ymbe prep w a about yrgan, geyrigde v to dishearten yrhu f cowardice yrmu f misery yrre n ire, anger