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ECE4680 Memory.1
2002-4-21
Output
ECE4680 Memory.2
2002-4-21
CPU
Processor-Memory Performance Gap: (grows 50% / year) DRAM 9%/yr. (2X/10 yrs)
10
DRAM
1
1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Time
ECE4680 Memory.3 2002-4-21
ECE4680 Memory.4
2002-4-21
Block: The minimum unit of information that can either be present or not present in the two level hierarchy
To Processor
From Processor
Blk Y
ECE4680 Memory.5
2002-4-21
To Processor
From Processor
Block Y
ECE4680 Memory.6
2002-4-21
To Processor
From Processor
Blk Y
ECE4680 Memory.7
2002-4-21
Processor Control Second Level Cache (SRAM) Main Memory (DRAM) Secondary Storage (Disk)
On-Chip Cache
Registers
Datapath
10s Ks
100s Ms
Non-so-random Access Technology: Access time varies from location to location and from time to time Examples: Disk, tape drive, CDROM The next two lectures will concentrate on random access technology The Main Memory: DRAMs Caches: SRAMs
ECE4680 Memory.9
2002-4-21
Technology Trends
Capacity Logic: 2x in 3 years DRAM: 4x in 3 years Disk: 4x in 3 years Speed (latency) 2x in 3 years 2x in 10 years 2x in 10 years DRAM Year 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995
1000:1!
Size 64 Kb 256 Kb 1 Mb 4 Mb 16 Mb 64 Mb
2:1!
ECE4680 Memory.10
2002-4-21
Memory Bus (SIMM Bus) 128-bit wide datapath Memory Module 5 Memory Module 7 Memory Module 4 Memory Module 3 Memory Module 6 Memory Module 2 Memory Module 1 Memory Module 0
2002-4-21
Processor Module (Mbus Module) SuperSPARC Processor External Cache Instruction Cache Data Cache
Register File
ECE4680 Memory.11
One page
ECE4680 Memory.12
2002-4-21
Summary:
Two Different Types of Locality: Temporal Locality (Locality in Time): If an item is referenced, it will tend to be referenced again soon. Spatial Locality (Locality in Space): If an item is referenced, items whose addresses are close by tend to be referenced soon. By taking advantage of the principle of locality: Present the user with as much memory as is available in the cheapest technology. Provide access at the speed offered by the fastest technology. DRAM is slow but cheap and dense: Good choice for presenting the user with a BIG memory system SRAM is fast but expensive and not very dense: Good choice for providing the user FAST access time.
ECE4680 Memory.13
2002-4-21