A WALK THROUGH INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE WITH PROJECT BASED APPROACH TO AUTOCAD

WORKBOOK 1 IT EDGE PROJECTS LIMITED, NIGERIA.

E-MAIL: training.itedge@gmail.com Phone Numbers: +2347031966077

Adesina Adedotun, a Project Manager at IT Edge, is a graduate

of Mechanical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho; He has worked as a Project Engineer as well as a Design Engineer in Different Organizations. He is trained both in Nigeria and The United Arab Emirates, to use Computer Aided Engineering software such as use Plant Design Management Systems, Bentley Micro-stations, AutoCAD, HASS, TSHC etc. as well as Project Management Software such as Primavera, Microsoft Project and Peachtree Accounting Software for Project Cost Management. Adesina has delivered several plant design and modification projects in Ghana and in Nigeria. Since 2007, He has trained up to 55 Engineers to Design and Model Plants and Some of his students are now key design personnel in various Engineering Companies. He has vast knowledge and experience in Process Engineering, Equipment Design, Plants Layout, Pipe-works, Insulation Works, Heat Tracing, Ducting, Platforms and Access Ways, Pressure Vessels as Well and Engineering Management. He has delivered locally and internationally funded jobs that meet the requirements of various Engineering Standards such as NFPA, ASME, ASHRAE, and API.

Authors

Ladipo Olaseeni, a Research and Development Engineer at IT

Edge, is a graduate of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho; He has worked as a Technical Competence Trainer with IT Edge imparting PDMS knowledge to budding engineering graduates from other institutions. independent power plants. He has participated in several design projects ranging for bottling plants to

Dedication
This work is dedicated to all who seek to make a difference in front end engineering design practice in Nigeria.

Disclaimer
This manual is best used in an instructor led environment or after attending an instructor led Course. Although a brilliant mind may be able to make much of this material but it is not guaranteed that much can be derived from this work without the additional help of an instructor. This project is a life presentation derived from industrial experienced gained on past projects. The projects are from past projects; however, some of the details have been left out in order to ensure that proprietary information remains proprietary. The organization is not liable for any outcome on your present projects to which you applied the knowledge of this book.

IT EDGE Projects

Table of Contents
BASIC CONCEPTS IN AUTOCAD BASIC 2D Shapes General Shapes Equipment Representations Pumps Vessels Heat Exchanges Pipe Fittings Process and Instrumentation Symbols Electrical Symbols Miscellaneous 2D Projects Track 1 - Mechanical Drawings Orthographic Projections Assembly Drawings Track 2 - Process and Instrumentation Diagrams Track 3 - Civil Drawings Building Layouts Sections and Detailing Track 4 - Circuit Diagrams Introduction to 3Dimensions 3 Dimensional Primitives 3D PROJECTS Enhancing Your Productivity Layers Blocks Viewports Annotations (Texts and Dimensions) Additional Reading and References

INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS IN AUTOCAD Launching AutoCAD Launching AutoCAD is similar to launching any other windows based system. It is assumed that we are all familiar with windows based system. If you have problems launching AutoCAD, talk to your instructor. The AutoCAD Environment There is the Title bar, the Ribbons, The Short Cut Bars, The menu bar can be loaded by invoking the commands, and there is the model space for the drawing representations. The X,Y, Z co-ordinate system AutoCAD creates an exact representation of every drawing. The accuracy of AutoCAD is up to 14 Decimal Places. All objects drawn on the screen are placed there based on a simple X, Y co-ordinate system. In AutoCAD this is known as the World Co-ordinate System (WCS). You must understand this to know how to put things where you want them. 3-D work has an added axis, the Z-axis. The Origin This is the location within an AutoCAD from where all measurements are referenced. It is denoted as 0, 0, 0. Points and Lines A line comprises of two points, the start and the end point. Points are defined by completely imputing their x, y, z values into AutoCAD. Points can be imputed absolutely or relatively. ABSOLUTE POINTS are exact points on the drawing space. RELATIVE POINTS are relative to an OBJECT on the drawing space. Line types and Properties Thick Line for Outlines Thin lines for Construction lines, projection lines, hatching and dimensions Thin Short Dashes for Hidden Details Thick Long Chain for Cutting Planes and Viewing Planes Ruled line and Short Zigzags for long break lines Thick Wavy lines for short break lines and Irregular boundary lines Exercises 1:

Follow your instructor as you draw lines and select the various line types and properties.

Basic 2 Dimensional Shapes Find below, basic 2 Dimensional shapes and how to draw them in AutoCAD General Shapes 1. Perpendicularly Intersecting Lines
2. Intersecting Lines at Angles other than 90 degrees

3. Triangles a. Given the length of the 3 Sides, b. Given one Side and the base angles. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Rectangles and Squares Circles Polygons Trapezium Ellipse

Process and Instrumentation Symbols Please note that Process and Instrumentation Diagrams are not usually done to scale. VALVES

GATE VALVE

GLOBE VALVE

CHECK VALVE

BUTTERFLY VALVES

BALL VALVES

3 WAY VALVES

REGULAR STRAINERS Y STRAINERS

THE PROJECT BASED PROTECTION SYSTEM

APPROACH:

FIRE

2DIMENSIONAL DESIGN: The design of the P&ID of the fire protection system
(1) Drawing preparation and organisation a) Set the unit of the drawing to millimeters
b) Create four layers:

Layer 1 (Named Suction header set at colour

red) Layer 2 (Named Discharge header set at colour green) Layer 3 (Named Equipments set at colour black) Layer 4 (Named Structural layout set at colour blue) c) Creating Equipments and Pipe components/fittings Tanks: Factory raw water tank Fire protection water tank Diesel tank Pump: Diesel pump Jockey pump Electric pump

Pipe components: return valve

Gate valve, Strainer, vibration damper, non-

and butterfly valve d) Drawing the battery limit and structural detail

3 DIMENSIONAL DESIGNS The 3D design of Fire Hydrant

3D Basic shapes
All solid shapes, no matter their configuration and complexity in shape, can be broken down into basic solid shapes. This is referred to as designing from the first principle. What are 3D basic shapes? These are three dimensional shapes which are dimensioned (or have measurements) along the X, Y and Z-orthogonal axes. Examples are: sphere, box, cylinder, torus, dish etc. any complex shape can be generated from these shapes with the use of various modification and editing tools that will be learnt during the course of the training. Breaking Complex Shapes into Basic Shapes Using the fire hydrant as a case study, the following could be identified:

Three (3) pipe spools (length of pipes): These would be drawn with Cylinders A Gate valve: This is a combination of just Cylinders and Boxes A 900 Elbow: A Torus Flanges: Cylinders Pillar Hydrant: Dishes, Boxes, Cylinders

Note: Components such as the Gate Valve, Flanges and Elbow shall be drawn to ASME specification given below