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1892, Jul 7. The Spanish authorities arrest Rizal for organizing La Liga Filipina. 1892, Jul 17.

Rizal is exiled to Dapitan, Mindanao. 1894, Jul 8. Andres Bonifacio forms the Katipunan. Its members come from the lower and the middle class. The organization wants to awaken nationalism and free the Filipino people from Spanish oppression and friar despotism. The organization believes that reforms can only be obtained by means of a revolution. 1896, Jul 1. Rizal receives a telegram from Governor Ramon Blanco requiring his services as a physician for the Spanish army in Cuba.

1896,

Nov

13. Rizal

arrives

in

Manila

and

is

immediately imprisoned at Fort Santiago. 1896, Nov 20. Rizal is interrogated the first time on charges of partaking in an uprising against the Spanish government. 1896, Dec 20. Rizal is sentenced to death by a Spanish court martial, and Governor Camilo Polavieja orders his execution. 1896, Dec 30. The Spaniards execute Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan (today's Rizal Park). 1897, Mar 22. The Katipunan holds its election. Aguinaldo is elected

1896, Aug 6. Rizal returns to Manila. 1896, Aug 19. Spanish authorities discover the Katipunan when one of its members, Teodoro Paterno, betrays the organization to an Agustinian priest, Fr. Mariano Gil. All those implicated are ordered arrested but many Katipuneros evade arrest and flee to the hills of Balintawak. 1896, Aug 23. A revolution is proclaimed by Bonifacio. The event is marked in history as the Cry of Balintawak. In this instance, Filipinos tear up their cedulas (I.D. cards) issued by the Spanish government and thereby mark the beginning of the uprising against the Spaniards.

as president while Bonifacio is elected only as director of war. Bonifacio is insulted by the election results and refuses to recognize the new leadership. 1897, Apr 29. Katipuneros arrest Andres Bonifacio and his brothers Procopio and Ciriaco on orders of Aguinaldo, who considers the former a threat. The Bonifacios are charged with sedition and treason before a military court of the Katipunan. 1897, May 8. The Katipunan court finds the Bonifacios guilty. They aresentenced to death. 1897, May 10. Andres Bonifacio and his brothers are executed at Mt.

1896, Aug 26. Rizal goes to Cavite where he boards a ship for Barcelona. In the following night, Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other Katipuneros are able to surreptitiously board Rizal's ship. They offer to rescue him from the Spaniards, but Rizal refuses. 1896, Aug 30. After the spread of the Katipunan revolt throughout The Country the first real battle for Philippine independence takes place at San Juan del Monte. The Spanish Governor Ramon Blanco proclaims a state of war in the 8 provinces that took up arms. The provinces are Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija.

Buntis, Maragondon, Cavite. 1897, May 31. Aguinaldo establishes a Philippine republican

government in Biak-na-Bato, San Miguel, Bulacan. 1897, Aug 10. Aguinaldo begins negotiating with the Spaniards, represented by Pedro Paterno. 1897, Aug 15. An earthquake at estimated intensity of 7.9 centered on Luzon's northwest coast shakes Batanes and northern Luzon. 1897, Nov 1. The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato is signed. It was

1896, Sep 2. Aboard the ship Isla de Panay, Rizal leaves Cavite for Barcelona. 1896, Oct 3. Rizal arrives in Barcelona. 1896, Oct 4. By order of Capt. Gen. Despujol, Rizal is incarcerated in Montjuich. 1896, Oct 6. On orders from Madrid, Rizal is sent back to Manila as aprisoner. 1896, Oct 31. A new group of the Katipunan is formed in Cavite; it discards the leadership of Andres Bonifacio and is headed by Emilio Aguinaldo (Mar 22, 1869 - Feb 6, 1964).

prepared and written by Isabelo Artache and Felix Ferrer. The government of the Biak-na-Bato Republic has the following officers: Emilio Aguinaldo, President; Mariano Trias, Vice President; Isabelo Artache, Secretary of Interior; Antonio Montenegro, Secretary of Foreign Affairs; Baldomero Aguinaldo, Secretary of Treasury and Emiliano Riego de Jesus, Secretary of War. The Biak-na-Bato Republic fails as its leader, Aguinaldo, resigns to the fact that the Filipinos are not yet ready to confront the Spanish forces. This belief also drives him to negotiate with the Spaniards for the Pact of Biak-naBato. 1897, Dec 14. The Pact of Biak-na-Bato between the Spanish and Aguinaldo is signed. In this pact, Aguinaldo agrees to surrender all arms and to go with his companions into exile in Hong Kong upon

payment of 800,000 pesos and an additional 900,000 pesos for the non-combatants who suffered losses because of the war.

Before the Revolution Presentation Transcript


Katipunan
1. Katipunan Before the Revolution Prepared by: Ernest Nathan L. Nogales I-OPAL Establishment of the Katipunan o On July 7, 1892 , the same date Rizal was exiled to Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano , and a few others, met secretly at a 3. house on Azcarraga (now Claro M. Recto avenue). Establishment of the Katipunan

1897, Dec 27. Aguinaldo and his companions leave for Hong Kong where they live on the interest from their money. Other source: July 7, 1892. Jose Rizal was captured and exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao. There he served as a doctor, a scientist and a teacher to the locals. July 7, 1892. At the same day of Rizals capture, Andres Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata and Valentin Diaz established the "Katipunan", a revolutionary movement aimed to fight for freedom against Spain. August 19, 1896. The Spaniards learned the Katipunan movement that resulted to a massive capture of many Filipinos. August 23, 1896. Bonifacio and his fellow Katipuneros tore their cedulas or residence certificates while shouting "Long live the Philippines", during their preparation for battle. This was marked as the historic Cry of Balintawak. August 25, 1896. The Katipuneros headed by Bonifacio had their first encounter with the Spanish civil guards and infantrymen. Due to strong forces and large presence of the Filipino troops, both camps of the Spaniards retreated. But in the end, Filipinos lost the battle when the latter came back with large number of fighters and stronger ammunition. Setember 12, 1896. A group of revolutionaries from Cavite were executed. They are now known as teh "Trece Martires de Cavite" or the thirteen martyrs of Cavite. December 30, 1896. Jose Rizal was executed by firing squad in Bagumbayan (now called Rizal Park) after being held captive at fort Santiago in Intramuros, Manila. March 22, 1897. The Katipuneros elected a new set of officers to replace the Katipunan. This was held in Tejeros, San Francisco de Malabon and was called the Tejeros Convention. Bonifacio diisolved the convention after Daniel Tirona, an associate of Emilio Aguinaldo, questioned his professional credibility as the director of the interior without a Lawyers diploma. Aguinaldos group won and considered Bonifacio and his men enemies of the revolution. May 10, 1897. Andres Bonifacio and his brother Procopio were excuted in Mt. Tala, Cavite after an unjust trial headed by General. Mariano Noriel, an associate of Emilio Aguinaldo. April 23, 1897. A new Spanish Governor named Fernando Primo de Rivera arrived in Manila for the purpose of minimizing the thriving rebellion of the Filipinos. He issued a decree to grant pardon to those who would surrender to the Spanish government. December 15, 1897. Primo de Rivera and Pedro Paterno signed the Truce of Biak-na-Bato allowing a temporary ceasefire between the Spanish and the Filipinos. December 27, 1897. Aguinaldo and his associates voluntarily moved to Hongkong for the amount of P800,000. January 20, 1898. Periodic battles between the Filipinos and the Spaniards erupted due to mutual suspicion. General Francisco Makabulos of Tarlac established a provisional goverment. The arrest and imprisonment of suspected rebels continued and despite the Truce, the revolution persisted.

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They founded an association called Kataastaasan Kagalanggalang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan ( KKK ), or Katipunan for short Aims of Katipunan

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o o
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To unite the Filipinos into a solid nation To win Philippine independence by means of revolution Recruitment

o o o

They first used the triangle method on recruiting members Later on, since the triangle method was slow, Bonifacio allowed them to recruit as many members as possible The First Edition of Kalayaan (the Katipunan newspaper) also helped a lot in recruiting more members. ABC Membership

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There were 3 grades of members: Katipon lowest class Recruitment of more members will turn him into a Kawal Kawal middle class If elected as an officer, he becomes a Bayani Bayani highest class Officer Membership The 2 factions of the Katipunan are Magdalo and Magdiwang . When the war broke out they made flags different from each other. They also had an argument that led to the Tejeros Convention . Membership

o o o
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Womens Chapter of the Katipunan They were limited to only the wives, daughters, or relatives of the members of the Katipunan. They served as the watch during meetings of the Katipunan. Prominent women were Josefa Rizal: President, Gregoria de Jesus: Vice President, Marina Dizon: Secretary, Angelica Rizal Lopez: Fiscal. Josefa Rizal Gregoria de Jesus Secrecy

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In order to remain secret, they made different codes and countersigns Codes

Countersigns : When two members meet on the road, one member will put his right palm on his chest and the other member will close his hand such that the index finger and thumb touch each other.

10. First Code of the Katipunan J L K K L J LL N M V N I O C P P Q E RRSSTSUXVMWWXUYY 11. Last code used during the Tejeros convention Spanish Alphabet Katipunan Alphabet A D B C C B D A E H F G G F H E I L J K K J L I LL M N N M LL O R P Q Q P R O S V T U U T WZXYYXZW 12. Flags of the Katipunan Official Katipunan Flags o Official Flags

Personal Flags

13. Flags of the Katipunan Official Flags o Official Flags

Personal Flags Magdiwang Factions flag Magdalo Factions Flag Naik_Mil

Agreement Flag 14. Flags of the Katipunan Personal Flags

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Official Flags Personal Flags

Bonifacios Flag Gregorio Del Pilars Flag 15. Flags of the Katipunan Personal Flags

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Official Flags Personal Flags

Pio Del Pilars Flag Llaneras Skull 16. Rizal and the Katipunan Rizal and the Revolution

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The Katipunan was founded on the day Dr. Rizal was exiled Bonifacio sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan to ask for Dr. Rizals opinion about the Revolution Dr. Pio Valenzuela

17. Rizals answer Rizal and the Revolution o Rizal said that a revolution without sufficient arms should not be started against an armed nation. He suggested that they should find a way so that the elite of those times will

join the Katipunan. But Dr. Pio Valenzuela reasoned out that it would be difficult to make the elites join the poor. This was one problem Rizal was not able to find a solution.

18. Katipunan led the Revolution 19.

o o o

Sources and References: Agoncillo, Teodoro A. and Guerrero, Milagros C., History of the Filipino People Zaide, Gregorio F, Philippine History and Government

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