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Project Description
2.1 Introduction
This Application for Certification (AFC) for the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (Ivanpah SEGS) has been prepared in accordance with the California Energy Commissions (CEC) Power Plant Site Certification Regulations (March 2007). This Application is being made by Solar Partners I, LLC; Solar Partners II, LLC; Solar Partners VIII, LLC, the owners of the three separate solar plants, and Solar Partners IV, LLC, the owner of shared facilities required by the three solar plants (the Applicant). These four project limited liability companies are Delaware limited liability companies. BrightSource Energy, Inc. (BrightSource), a Delaware corporation, is a technology and development company and the parent company of the limited liability companies. The Applicant will use BrightSources solar thermal technology for Ivanpah SEGS. The Applicant is developing three solar energy plants to be located in the Ivanpah Basin in California, 4.5 miles southwest of Primm, Nevada (see Figure 2.1-1, Regional Map; all figures are located at the end of this section). The three plants will be separately owned and operated by Solar Partners I, LLC; Solar Partners II, LLC; and Solar Partners VIII, LLC to facilitate the construction, financing, and possible sale of three separate plants. In addition, a fourth company, Solar Partners IV, LLC, will own the shared facilities that are required for the operation of each of the solar plants. The first 100-megawatt (MW) (nominal) plant at the south end of the project, known as Ivanpah 1, will be owned by Solar Partners II, LLC. Solar Partners I, LLC will own the middle 100-MW (nominal) plant known as Ivanpah 2. The northernmost 200-MW (nominal) plant, known as Ivanpah 3, will be owned by Solar Partners VIII, LLC. The three plants and their shared facilities collectively are known as the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System or Ivanpah SEGS. The Applicant is seeking a separate certification from the CEC and a separate right-of-way (ROW) grant from the Bureau of Land Management BLM for each of the three plants owned by Solar Partners I, LLC; Solar Partners II, LLC; and Solar Partners VIII, LLC; and for the shared facilities owned by Solar Partners IV, LLC. Each 100-MW site requires about 850 acres (or 1.3 square miles); the 200-MW site is about 1,660 acres (or about 2.6 square miles). The total area required for all three phases, including the shared facilities is approximately 3,400 acres. The Applicant has applied for ROW grants for the land from BLM. Although this is a phased project, it is being analyzed as if all phases are operational. Each phase of the project includes a small package natural gas-fired start-up boiler to provide heat for plant start-up and during temporary cloud cover. The projects natural gas system will be connected to the Kern River Gas Transmission Line, which passes less than half a mile to the north of the project site. Raw water will be drawn daily from one of two onsite wells, located east of Ivanpah 2. Each well will have sufficient capacity to supply water for all three phases. Groundwater will go through a treatment system for use as boiler
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make-up water and to wash the heliostats. To save water in the sites desert environment, each plant will use a dry-cooling condenser. Water consumption is, therefore, minimal (estimated at no more than 100 acre-feet per year for all three phases). Each phase includes a small onsite wastewater plant located in the power block that treats wastewater from domestic waste streams such as showers and toilets. A larger sewage package treatment plant will also be located at the Administration Building/Operations and Maintenance area, located between Ivanpah 1 and 2. Sewage sludge will be removed from the site by a sanitary service provider. No wastewater will be generated by the system, except for a small stream that will be treated and used for landscape irrigation. If necessary, a small filter/purification system will be used to provide potable water at the Administration Building. To reduce impacts on the land and provide operating efficiencies, the three plants share certain infrastructure. There will be one groundwater well (with a second well for 100 percent redundant back-up) and water lines that will provide water to all three plants. The three plants will share access via a realigned Colosseum Road. In addition, each project will have perimeter access/maintenance roads. It is currently anticipated that a portion of the Ivanpah 2 perimeter road will be used for access to Ivanpah 3. The shared facilities will also include an administration building, maintenance facilities and control room for maintenance crew and operators. A 1,400-foot section of electrical poles will carry electrical circuits for both Ivanpah 2 and Ivanpah 3, as the generation tie lines approach the entrance to the substation. These facilities are located between Ivanpah 1 and Ivanpah 2, outside of the fence-line of either plant. These shared facilities will be owned by a single company, Solar Partners IV, LLC, that will hold the BLM ROW for the land for the shared facilities. A single natural gas pipeline will serve all three plants, and all three plants will interconnect to a single new substation. Section 2.2 describes the Generating Facility Description, Design, and Operation. The project Engineering follows in Section 2.3. Section 2.4 then discusses Facility Closure, followed by a discussion of the applicable laws, ordinances, regulations, and standards (LORS) in Section 2.5. The proposed project site includes three solar concentrating thermal power plants, based on distributed power tower and heliostat mirror technology, in which heliostat (mirror) fields focus solar energy on power tower receivers near the center of the heliostat array. In each plant, one Rankine cycle reheat steam turbine receives live steam from four solar boilers, and reheat steam from one solar reheater, at the top of its own distributed power tower adjacent to the turbine. The reflecting area of an individual heliostat is about 7.04 square meters. The solar field and power generation equipment are started up each morning after sunrise and insolation build-up, and shut down in the evening when insolation drops below the level required to keep the turbine on line. Main project plant parameters are presented in Table 2.1-1.
TABLE 2.1-1
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The plants will be operated and maintained by common crews of operators, working out of an administration and maintenance complex located between Ivanpah 1 and 2.
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washing heliostats. Auxiliary equipment at each plant includes feed water heaters, a deaerator, an emergency diesel generator, and a diesel fire pump. Ivanpah 1, 2, and 3 will be interconnected to the Southern California Edison (SCE) grid through upgrades to SCEs 115-kilovolt (kV) line passing through the site on a northeast-southwest ROW. These updates will include the construction by SCE of a new 220/115-kV breaker-and-a-half substation between the Ivanpah 1 and 2 project sites. This new substation and the 220-kV upgrades will be for the benefit of Ivanpah and other Interconnection Customers in the region. The existing 115-kV transmission line from the El Dorado substation will be replaced with a double-circuit 220-kV overhead line that will be interconnected to the new substation. Power from Ivanpah 1, 2 and 3 will be transmitted at 115 kV to the new substation. SCE may add three new 115-kV lines to increase capacity to the existing El Dorado-Baker-Cool Water-Dunn Siding-Mountain Pass 115-kV line heading southwest. The timing of this upgrade depends upon the development of wind projects ahead in the interconnection queue, and is not affected by the Ivanpah SEGS project. Figure 2.2-4 shows the recreation areas within 1 mile of the transmission line.
2.2.4 Solar Field, Solar Receiver Boiler, Steam Turbine Generator, and Condenser
Electricity is produced by each plants Solar Receiver Boiler and the STG. The following sections describe the major components of the generating facility.
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2.2.5.1 AC PowerTransmission
Power will be generated by the three STGs at 19 kV (hydrogen cooled) and then stepped up by transformers for transmission to the grid. The plants will connect to the utility at 115 kV. Surge arresters will be provided at the high-voltage bushings to protect the transformers from surges on the system caused by lightning strikes or other system disturbances. The transformers will be set on concrete pads within containments designed to contain the transformer oil in the event of a leak or spill. Fire protection systems will be provided for the transformers. The high-voltage side of the step-up transformers will be connected to each plants switchyard. From the switchyard, power will be transmitted via a 115-kV transmission line to the substation. A detailed discussion of the transmission system is provided in Section 3 of the AFC.
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A more detailed description of the water supply system, treatment, and permits is provided in AFC Section 5.15, Water Resources.
* ac-ft/yr = acre-feet per year (based on an annual operation of 3,650 hours/year at full plant output)
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in the handling of these chemicals and instructed in the procedures to follow in case of a chemical spill or accidental release. Adequate supplies of absorbent material will be stored onsite for spill cleanup. A list of the chemicals anticipated to be used at Ivanpah SEGS and their storage locations is provided in Section 5.5, Hazardous Materials Handling. This list identifies each chemical by type, intended use, and estimated quantity to be stored onsite.
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transformers and turbine lube oil equipment. Sprinkler systems will also be installed in the Administration/Control/Warehouse/Maintenance Building and Fire Pump enclosure as required by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and local code requirements. Handheld fire extinguishers of the appropriate size and rating will be located in accordance with NFPA 10 throughout the facility. Section 5.5, Hazardous Materials Handling, includes additional information for fire and explosion risk, and Section 5.10, Socioeconomics, provides information on local fire protection capability.
2.2.13.1 Lighting
The lighting system provides personnel with illumination for operation under normal conditions and for egress under emergency conditions, and includes emergency lighting to perform manual operations during an outage of the normal power source. The system also provides 120-volt AC convenience outlets for portable lamps and tools.
2.2.13.2 Grounding
The electrical system is susceptible to ground faults, lightning, and switching surges that result in high voltage that constitute a hazard to site personnel and electrical equipment. The station grounding system provides an adequate path to permit the dissipation of current created by these events. The station grounding grid will be designed for adequate capacity to dissipate the ground fault current from the ground grid under the most severe conditions in areas of high ground fault current concentration. The grid spacing will maintain safe voltage gradients. Bare conductors will be installed below-grade in a grid pattern. Each junction of the grid will be bonded together by an exothermic weld. Ground resistivity readings will be used to determine the necessary numbers of ground rods and grid spacing to ensure safe step and touch potentials under severe fault conditions. Grounding conductors will be brought from the ground grid to connect to building steel and non-energized metallic parts of electrical equipment.
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Providing control displays (printed logs, LCD video monitors) for signals generated within the system or received from I/O Providing consolidated plant process status information through displays presented in a timely and meaningful manner Providing alarms for out-of-limit parameters or parameter trends, displaying on alarm video monitors(s), and recording on an alarm log printer Providing storage and retrieval of historical data
The DCS will be a redundant microprocessor-based system and will consist of the following major components: Personal Computer (PC)-based operator consoles with liquid-crystal diode (LCD) video monitors Engineer work station Distributed processing units I/O cabinets Historical data unit Printers Data links to the combustion turbine and steam turbine control systems
The DCS will have a functionally distributed architecture comprising a group of similar redundant processing units linked to a group of operator consoles and the engineer workstation by redundant data highways. Each processor will be programmed to perform specific dedicated tasks for control information, data acquisition, annunciation, and historical purposes. By being redundant, no single processor failure can cause or prevent a unit trip. The DCS will interface with the control systems furnished by heliostat mirror and STG suppliers to provide remote control capabilities, as well as data acquisition, annunciation, and historical storage of turbine and generator operating information. The system will be designed with sufficient redundancy to preclude a single device failure from significantly affecting overall plant control and operation. This also will allow critical control and safety systems to have redundancy of controls, as well as an uninterruptible power source. As part of the quality control program, daily operator logs will be available for review to determine the status of the operating equipment.
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TABLE 2.2-2
There will be an average and peak workforce of approximately 474 and 959, respectively, of construction craft people, supervisory, support, and construction management personnel onsite during construction. The peak construction site workforce level is expected to occur in Month 32. Typically, construction will be scheduled to occur between 5 a.m. and 7 p.m. on weekdays and Saturdays. Additional hours may be necessary to make up schedule deficiencies, or to complete critical construction activities (e.g., pouring concrete at night during hot weather, working around time-critical shutdowns and constraints). During some construction periods and during the startup phase of the project, some activities will continue 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. Table 2.2-3 provides an estimate of the average and peak construction traffic during the 48-month construction period for the plant and associated linear facilities.
TABLE 2.2-3
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The construction laydown and parking area will occupy those areas of the plant sites that are outside the edges of the heliostat fields (see Figure 2.1-2). Construction access will generally be from Colosseum Road to the plant entrance road. Materials and equipment will be delivered by truck
2.3 Engineering
In accordance with CEC regulations, this section, together with the engineering appendices and Section 4.0, Gas Supply, presents information concerning the design and engineering of the Ivanpah SEGS. The LORS applicable to the engineering of the Ivanpah SEGS are provided along with a list of agencies that have jurisdiction, the contact persons within those agencies, and a list of the permits that will be required.
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Appendix 2E, Control Engineering Design Criteria Appendix 2F, Chemical Engineering Design Criteria Appendix 2G, Geologic and Foundation Design Criteria
Design and engineering information and data for the following systems are found in the following sections of this AFC:
Power GenerationSee Section 2.2.4, Steam Turbine Generators (STGs), Boilers, and Condenser. Also see Appendix 2C and Section 2.2.5 through 2.2.13, which describe the various plant auxiliaries. Heat DissipationSee Section 2.2.8, Plant Cooling Systems, and Appendix 2C. Air Emission Control SystemSee Section 2.2.11, Emission Control and Monitoring, and Section 5.1, Air Quality. Waste Disposal SystemSee Section 2.2.9 and Section 5.14, Waste Management. Noise Abatement SystemSee Section 5.7, Noise. Switchyards/Transformer SystemsSee Section 2.2.5, Major Electrical Equipment and Systems; Section 2.2.13.2, Grounding; Section 2.2.5.1, AC Power-Transmission; Section 2.2.14, Interconnect to Electrical Grid; Section 3.0, Electric Transmission; and Appendix 2D.
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Steam Turbine Lube Oil Areas Water Spray System. This system provides suppression for the steam turbine area lube oil piping and lube oil storage. Fire Hydrants/Hose Stations. This system will supplement the plants fixed fire suppression
systems. Water will be supplied from the plant fire water system.
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Solar boiler Superheater STG Boiler feedwater pumps Condensate pumps Condenser
Three One per plant Three One per plant One 100 percent per boiler Three 50 percent capacity per plant One per plant
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TABLE 2.3-1
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The DCS will have functionally distributed architecture comprising a group of similar redundant processing units linked to a group of operator consoles and an engineer workstation by redundant data highways. Each processor will be programmed to perform specific dedicated tasks for control information, data acquisition, annunciation, and historical purposes. Plant operation will be controlled from the operator panel located in the control room. The operator panel will consist of two individual video/keyboard consoles and one engineering workstation. Each video/keyboard console will be an independent electronic package so that failure of a single package does not disable more than one video/keyboard. The engineering workstation will allow the control system operator interface to be revised by authorized personnel.
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Conceptual Design Criteria. Activities such as definition of requirements and engineering analyses. Detail Design. Activities such as the preparation of calculations, drawings, and lists needed to describe, illustrate, or define systems, structures, or components. Procurement Specification Preparation. Activities necessary to compile and document the contractual, technical, and quality provisions for procurement specifications for plant systems, components, or services. Manufacturers Control and Surveillance. Activities necessary to ensure that the manufacturers conform to the provisions of the procurement specifications. Manufacturer Data Review. Activities required to review manufacturers drawings, data, instructions, procedures, plans, and other documents to ensure coordination of plant systems and components, and conformance to procurement specifications.
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Receipt Inspection. Inspection and review of product at the time of delivery to the construction site. Construction/Installation. Inspection and review of storage, installation, cleaning, and initial testing of systems or components at the facility. System/Component Testing. Actual operation of generating facility components in a system in a controlled manner to ensure that the performance of systems and components conform to specified requirements. Plant Operation. As the project progresses, the design, procurement, fabrication, erection, and checkout of each generating facility system will progress through the nine stages defined above.
Project instructions manual Design calculations Project design manual Quality assurance audit reports Conformance to construction records drawings Procurement specifications (contract issue and change orders) Purchase orders and change orders Project correspondence
For procured component purchase orders, a list of qualified suppliers and subcontractors will be developed. Before contracts are awarded, the subcontractors capabilities will be evaluated. The evaluation will consider suppliers and subcontractors personnel, production capability, past performance, and quality assurance program. During construction, field activities are accomplished during the last four stages of the project: receipt inspection, construction/installation, system/component testing, and plant operations. The construction contractor will be contractually responsible for performing the work in accordance with the quality requirements specified by contract. The subcontractors quality compliance will be surveyed through inspections, audits, and administration of independent testing contracts. A plant operation and maintenance program, typical of a project this size, will be implemented by the applicant to control operation and maintenance quality. A specific program for this project will be defined and implemented during initial plant startup.
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economic conditions, or other reasons. Section 2.4.1 discusses temporary facility closure; Section 2.4.2 discusses permanent facility closure.
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Decommissioning alternatives other than complete restoration Associated costs of the proposed decommissioning and the source of funds to pay for the decommissioning
In general, the decommissioning plan for the facility will attempt to maximize the recycling of all facility components. The Applicant will attempt to sell unused chemicals back to the suppliers or other purchasers or users. All equipment containing chemicals will be drained and shut down to ensure public health and safety and to protect the environment. All nonhazardous wastes will be collected and disposed of in appropriate landfills or waste collection facilities. All hazardous wastes will be disposed of according to all applicable LORS. The site will be secured 24 hours per day during the decommissioning activities.
California Building Standards Code2001 Uniform Fire Code, Article 80 Occupational Safety and Health Act29 CFR 1910 and 29 CFR 1926 Environmental Protection Agency40 CFR 60, 40 CFR 75, 40 CFR 112, 40 CFR 302, 40 CFR 423, 40 CFR 50, 40 CFR 100, 40 CFR 260, 40 CFR 300, and 40 CFR 400 California Code of RegulationsTitle 8, Sections 450 and 750 and Title 24, 2001, Titles 14, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, and 27 California Department of TransportationStandard Specifications California Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationRegulations and Standards California Business and Professions CodeSections 6704, 6730, and 6736 California Vehicle CodeSection 35780 California Labor CodeSection 6500 Federal Aviation AgencyObstruction Marking and Lighting AC No. 70/7460-1H
Codes and standards pertinent to the generating facility are presented in Engineering Appendices 2A through 2F.
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Thousand Oaks Thousand Oaks Simi Valley Simi Valley Lancaster Lancaster Barstow ! Barstow
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Riverside Riverside
Victorville Victorville
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Escondido Escondido
Oceanside Oceanside
Vista Vista
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LEGEND
MAJOR FREEWAYS COUNTY BOUNDARIES PROPOSED PROJECT SITE CITIES STATE BOUNDARIES
0 25 1:3,168,000 50 Miles
MEXICO MEXICO
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LEGEND
PROPOSED GAS LINE PROPOSED WATER LINES PROPOSED TRANSMISSION LINES EXISTING TRANSMISSION LINE CORRIDOR REROUTED COLOSSEUM ROAD PAVED ROADS DIRT ROADS PROPOSED PROJECT SITE RECREATION AREA
0 4,000 Feet
FIGURE 2.2-4 RECREATION AREAS WITHIN 1-MILE OF THE PROJECT AND TRANSMISSION LINE
IVANPAH SOLAR ELECTRIC GENERATING SYSTEM