*Bones of the foot*

The foot consists of:

1- 7 tarsal bonesshort bones

2- 5 metatarsal boneslong bones

3- 14 phalangeslong bones

.
♦Tarsal bones

1-Talus. (Bone of the ankle)

-It receives half of the person’s weight (for each talus) and
divides it:
post. To calcaneus
ant. To head of metatarsals

-Position:
-superior To calcaneus
-part of calcaneus is post. And lat. To Talus.

-It is called the (key stone) of bones of the foot because of

it's important position.
-If fractured flat foot resulted
-It articulates with:

1- Tibia ( inferior articular surface of it )

2- Medial malleolus ( of tibia )
3-Lateral malleolus ( of fibula )
To form ankle joint which is like a vise ‫))الملزمة‬
That is why the ankle is very stable(balanced)

-It permits two types of movement.

1- Extension or dorsiflexion. (Toward your face).
2- Plantar flexion (standing on the tip of your toes).

2-Calcaneus bone (Heel bone)

-Position: below talus bone (part is lateral and posterior to
it)
-Part of the weight transmitted through it to the ground i.e. it
receives part of the weight (posterior part).
-largest in foot bones

3- Navicular bone

-small-boat shaped
- medial
-Receives part of the weight (anterior part)
4-Cuboid bone
-lateral
-articulates with calcaneus (posterior) and with 4th and 5th
metatarsal bones (anterior).
-cuboidal-shaped
-ant. to Talus

5-cuniforms
-wedged bones
-They are 3 in number
-beside each other
-Named from medial to lateral:
( medial, inter medial and lateral)
or
(1st to 3rd)
-Articulates with navicular bone prox.
-articulates with bases 1st, 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones
respectivelydist.

♦MetaTarsal bones
-5 in number.
-named from medial to lateral: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th.
-bases are proximal.
-heads are distal.
- Bases of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd articulate with cuniform bones.
- Bases of 4th and 5th articulate with cuboid bone.
 -In the foot there are two arches: (lateral and medial
arches):-
1-lateral arch formed by calcaneus, cuboid, and (4th and 5th)
metatarsal bones.
2- Medial arch formed by calcaneus, talus, cuniforms,
navicular bone, (1-3) metatarsal bones.
-the medial arch is larger and stronger than lateral one.
- (If one of these bones of medial or lateral arch is fractured
flat foot resulted).

♦Phalanges:-2 for big toe

-3 for lat. 4 toes
-total=14

*The leg*
Covered by:

1- Skin.
2- Superficial fascia: contains:
A. small saphenus vein with sural nerve.
B. great saphenus vein with saphenus nerve.

3- Deep fascia: -extends from tibial condyles to both

malleoli (lateral and medial malleoli).
- Thickened at the ankle (anterior), to form two
retinaculums:-
 1-superior extensor retinaculum.
2-inferior extensor retinaculum.

-it sends two intermuscular septi: (anterior and posterior)

attached to fibula.

-these two intermuscular septi in addition to interosseus

membrane and deep transverse fascia divide the leg into
three compartments (anterior, posterior and lateral).

-The posterior compartment is subdivided into superficial

and deep layers by deep transverse fascia with part of deep
fascia.
-Each compartment has its own muscles, own action, own
nerve supply, own arterial supply…

Muscles of the anterior compartment.

Consists of:
1- Tibialis Anterior muscle.
2- Extensor Hallucis Longus. (Of the big toe).
3- Extensor Digitorum Longus.
4- Peroneus Tertius.
(further details for theses muscles are in the HAND-OUT)

-N.B:
*Peroneus : fibula.
*Tertius : the third.
*Hallucis :of big toe
-all originate from fibula except tibialis ant. which originate
from tibia.
-all innervated by deep peroneal nerve (branch from
common peroneal nerve).
-all supplied by anterior tibial artery (branch from popletial
artery).
-all extend the ankle (dorsiflex).

***(Tom Has Very Nice Doges and Pigs)***

T: tibialis, H: hallucis, V: ant. tibial vessels, N: deep
peroneal nerve, D: extensor digitorum, P: peroneal tertius.

-N.B: dorsiflex=extension of ankle(up)

Plantarflex=flexion of ankle(down)
-N.B:standing on lat. Edge of foot is called inversion
-N.B: peroneus tertius is considered as a part of
ext.digitorum longus.
-N.B: ant. Compartment is between 2 muscles and a tough
fascia so it's painful when walking on leg for a long time.

To see more details see pages 410 and 426 Grant’s Atlas.
 I’d like to dedicate this sheet to all my colleagues in medicine faculty
especially to:
Medicine faculty:

(Osama a7mad 3abed 5aleel 3othman), a7mad abo 7alawe, 7amzeh jssar,
m2moon, 5aled 7ajeer, mo2ayad kittaneh, yazeed eneef, a7mad shalabeh,
abo 3eed, yazan 3toom, abo dieh, Sami 3abdeen, a7mad 3abed, a7mad
el3eesa, rami salame, abo qamar, abo ed3aig, anas 3lean, a7mad 7nai6e,
m7mmad sboo3.

Engineering faculty:
a7mad ya3’i, 3mar samreen, mohannad, a7mad jamal, malik abo
3’aneeme, , naser zeer, osama, abo sabreen (ABS), khoole, jihad,
m7ammad 7osam, abo 7a6abe (abo 5ashabe). 

Special thanks for Dr. Maher Al-Hadidi

♦Corrections and additions s for sheet 18

1-adductor opening:▲ space between the two insertions of adductor

magnus muscle to allow femoral blood vessels(arteries + veins) to pass
through it.

2-obturator nerveit descend to cross pelvis then appear below the floor
of femoral ▲ after passing through obturator foramen below pectineus.

3-pregnant ladies lay on their back at parturition(delivery) to decrease

pain resulted by pressing on obt.n.

4-The hamstring head of adductor magnus will only extend the hip.

♦Correction for sheet 14

1-The angle between neck of femur and shaft is 123◦ in females

and larger in males to give prominence for hip.

♦Correction for sheet 12

1-symphsis pubis is cartilaginous joint not fibrous joint.

 embryo notes for the last[
]lecture
1-no pregnancy occurscarpus luteum will shrink until degenerate
progesterone levels will go downC.luteum will be converted
into C.albicans(nearly at day 27)endometrium replaced by
myometriumsecond period will start.

2-follicle:ovum surrounded by nourishing cells

3-estrogenfirst 14 days of periodbefore ovulation

Progesteronesecond 14 days of periodafter ovulation

4-carpus luteum is formed by remains of 2ry oocyte after ovulation

5-carpus luteum is responsible for:

-second phase of female period
-pregnancy
-progesterone secretions

6-ovary forms before 5th week

7-ovulation(of 2ry oocyte) occurs at day 14

8-ovarian layers after modified peritoneum are:

-Germinal epithelium
-Tunica albuginea
-ovarian cortical region(cortex of ovary)
-medulla
 9-hilum:receives arterial blood supply and sends Venus drainage to
and from ovaryby ovarian blood vessels

10-folliclesprimitive(primordial)
 growing (secondary)

Website to visit
http://www.medicaljournals89.blogspot.com/

‫تم فتح منتدى لطلب الطب الجامعة الردنية سنة اولى حيث يمكن التسجيل في المنتدى‬:‫ملحظة‬
‫من خلل اسم مستخدم وكلمة سر وسوف يتم طرح جميع الشيتات والصور واي اقتراحات وأسئلة‬
‫وما الى ذلك في المنتدى وطبعاً عملية التسجيل عملية بسيطة جدًا تتم من خلل النترنت‬.

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