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All types of coal also contain hygroscopic (inherent) moisture as well as varying quantities of impurities which are released in the form of ash in the combustion process. The degree of grinding required depends on the type of coal used. Coal with a low volatile content requires a high ignition temperature and must be finely ground. Coal with a high volatile content, however, must not be ground too fine, otherwise the volatiles will be expelled too quickly to be able to mix properly with the combustion air. The table specifies the main types of coal in geological order and the approximate coal meal finenesses recommended.
The coal must be sufficiently dry for grinding, storing, and feeding purposes. Excessive drying should be avoided, due to the accelerating process of oxidation which occurs as the moisture content is reduced, with the consequent risk of spontaneous ignition. In practice, drying off the surface moisture of the coal and a small part of the hygroscopic moisture will ensure a high degree of safety combined with good processing and handling properties. In order to maintain a constant moisture content in the coal meal discharged from the mill, coal grinding plants are supplied with fully automatic thermal control equipment controlling the temperature of the air at mill outlet.