The Hyderabad Public School, 1-11-87 & 88 Begumpet, Hyderabad 500 01 History and Civics Worksheet 3 Contents Civics

1. The State Executive: The Chief Minister and State Council of Minister 2. The Union Judiciary Indian History 1. National Movement (19141917) 2. The National Movement And Mahatma Gandhi 3. Quit India Movement And Subash Chandra Bose Contemporary World 1. Agencies of the United Nations 2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 3. Cold War PART-A (CIVICS) Question 1 1) Who is the real executive head of the state? CHIEF MINISTER is the executive head of the state. 2) Under what circumstances can the governor exercise his discretion in selecting the chief minister? If no political party gets a clear majority in the LA the governor can appoint such a person as CHIEF MINISTER who he feels has the support of a majority of the assembly members. 3) How long does the Chief Minister hold office? The normal term of office is five years. However, he remains in the office as long as he enjoys the confidence of the LA 4) Who presides over the meetings of the state cabinet? CHIEF MINISTER 5) By whom and on whose advice are the ministers appointed in a state? The ministers are appointed in a state by the governor on the advice of CHIEF MINISTER. 6) How long can the state council of ministers remain in office? The state council of ministers remains in the office as long as they enjoy the confidence of the LA. 7) Mention one important function of the state council of ministers in relation to legislation. Formulation of legislative proposals which are called government bills. Since they have majority in the LA they are able to get their bills passed to become acts. 8) Under what provision a non-member of the State Legislature can is made a Minister? A non member of state legislature can be nominated as a minister by the governor. However he has to be elected to the legislative assembly within six months from his nomination

9) What is the procedure to be followed if a motion of no confidence against the ministry is to be passed in the Legislative Assembly? The house grants leave to move No-confidence motion only when it has a support of at least 50 members. The motion has to be taken up for discussion within 10 days for from which the leave is granted. On conclusion of the debate the Speaker puts the motion to vote. If the motion is passed, the government has to resign. 10) Who can be appointed as a Chief Minister? Leader of the majority party can be appointed as the CM. If no party commands majority the governor shall have to exercise his discretion in selecting the CM. 11) State 2 reasons for the pre-eminent position of the Chief Minister in relation to his Council of Ministers? He can remove the ministers. He presides over the cabinet meetings. 12) Who will be appointed the Chief Minister in a State in case there is no political party enjoying majority in the State Legislative Assembly? If no party commands majority the governor shall have to exercise his discretion in selecting the CM. 13) Who determines the size of the Council of Ministers in a state? CM ( The constitution of India 91st amendment Act, 2003 has put ceiling on the size of the COM at the centre and the state to 15 per cent of the strength of the LS and state legislature. 14) How many types of Ministers are there in the Council of Ministers in a State? There are three types of Ministers in the Council of Ministers in a State. Cabinet Minister, Minister of State, Deputy minister 15) Who delivers the oath of office to the Chief Minister of a State? The Governor 16) To whom is the Council of Ministers of a State responsible? The Council of Ministers of a State is responsible to LA. 13) What is the necessity of a SC in a Federal State? It is the guardian and protector of Fundamental rights. It is the head of the judiciary to safeguard the distribution of powers and to prevent any action which violates the limitation imposed by the constitution 14) Mention the grounds on which a judge of the SC can be removed. A judge of the SC can be removed by the president if found guilty of any Misconduct Incapacity Acting against the constitution Misusing his power. 15) How does the Constitution ensure independence of the SC? In order to ensure that the judges can function without undue pressure, the Constitution ensures independence of the SC in the following ways: Though the judges are appointed by the president he has to consult the senior judges. The salaries and perks of the judges cant be changed to their disadvantage unless 2

there is a financial emergency. The procedure to remove a judge of the SC is as same as to remove the president of India. The parliament cant discuss either the judgement given by the SC judge or his conduct. His conduct can only be discussed if a motion to remove the judge has been introduced. The judge of the SC judge cant practice in any Indian court after retirement. The SC has power to punish anyone of its contempt. The appointments and conditions of service of other officers of the SC are made by the Chief Justice of India. 16) What is meant by Special Leave to Appeal' of the SC? Under article 136 of the constitution, the SC can allow leave to appeal against the judgement of any court of India. It is special power to be exercised only under exceptional circumstances. SC has laid down principles according to which this power shall be used: i. In civil cases special leave to appeal will not be granted unless there is a question of law or general public interest involved in the case. ii. In criminal cases the SC interferes when it is shown that exceptional and special circumstances exist and grave injustice has been done. iii. The SC could quash the decision of tribunal when the tribunal has exceeded its jurisdiction or adopted a procedure which runs against the established rules of natural justice. 17) What is meant by 'Review of Judgments' by the SC? The SC has the power to review any judgement or order made by it, subject to any law passed by the Parliament in this regard. 18) Explain the term Writ. Mention the five writs. A writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction. Any citizen whose rights are violated can move to the SC for the enforcement of the rights. The SC has power to issue order or writs. Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Writ of Prohibition, Writ of Certiorari, Quo-warranto 19) Why the SC known as the Guardian and final Interpreter of the Constitution? The decision of the SC is final and hence it is the final Interpreter of the Constitution. The SC is known as the Guardian of the Constitution because a) By the power of judicial review the SC can declare them null and void if they are found to be not in accordance with the constitution. b) It is final interpreter of the constitution. c) It can hear cases about the enforcement of fundamental rights and can pass orders or writs to enforce fundamental rights. 20) Who appoints the Judges of the SC of India? President of India in consultation with the chief justice of India and Union Council of Ministers. 21) Who can increase or decrease the number of Judges of the SC? The President in consultation with the Union Council of Ministers 22) What is meant by the term Cabinet in a State? A body of senior leaders of the party and the trusted men of the CM who are included in the council of ministers. They hold important portfolios and form nucleus of administration. 3

23) What does an integrated judiciary system mean? The SC is the head of the entire system and not only supervises but also exercises control over the functioning of other courts. There are no separate sets of laws and a single civil and criminal system operates throughout the country. All the cases coming from the lower court can be taken to the HC and ultimately to the SC by way of appeal. 24) Name the Court which has the right to review and revise its earlier judgements? SC 25) Which body has the final authority to interpret the Constitution of India? SC 26) How does the Constitution safeguard the dignity of the Judges of SC? Security of salary and services: The salaries and perks of the judges cant be changed to their disadvantage unless there is a financial emergency. Removal of judges: The procedure to remove a judge of the SC is as same as to remove the president of India. No discussion in the legislature: The parliament cant discuss either the judgement given by the SC judge or his conduct. His conduct can only be discussed if a motion to remove the judge has been introduced. Appointment of judges: Though the judges are appointed by the president he has to consult the senior judges. 27) Mention one exclusive function of the SC. 1. To inquire and decide all disputes in connection with the election of the president or vicepresident of INDIA. 2. For the enforcement of fundamental rights. 28) Who appoints adhoc judges of the SC and with whose consent? The chief justice of India may appoint a judge of HC, as an adhoc judge of the SC for the period as may be necessary after consulting the CJ of the HC concerned with the consent of the president of India. 29) Mention 2 qualifications necessary for persons to be appointed as Judges of the SC. He has been for at least 5 years a judge of a HC or more such courts in succession. He has been for at least 10 years an advocate of HC or more such courts in succession. In the opinion of the President he should be a distinguished jurist. He should be a citizen of India. 30) Why are the Judges of SC not allowed to practice in any court of India after retirement? The Judges of SC not allowed to practice in any court of India after retirement because They may influence their former colleagues in the judiciary. Judges are not obliged during their tenure as judges, to any prospective employer. 31) What is the tenure of office of a Judge of the SC? Judge of the SC remain in his office till he attained the age of 65 years 32) How is the SC guardian of the Fundamental Rights? Any citizen whose rights are violated can move to the SC for the enforcement of the rights. 4

The SC has power to issue order or writs. In the nature of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Writ of Prohibition, Writ of Certiorari, and Quo-warranto for the enforcement of any of the fundamental rights. If any state made a law which takes away the Fundamental Rights the law shall be declared null and void by the SC.

33) Name the Court whose jurisdiction extends over the whole country. SC 34) When can an Active Chief Justice be appointed? When the CJ is unable to perform his duties of his office by reason of absence or otherwise, the president may appoint another judge of SC as acting Chief Justice 35) Who determines the strength of the SC? The Parliament 36) State any 2 administrative powers of the SC. Appointment of officers and servants of the SC are made by the CJ of India or by such other Judge as he may direct. The court makes rules regarding the conduct of advocates and other persons appearing before it. 37) If the President of India considers that a question of law may be referred to the SC, under which jurisdiction will the SC express its opinion in the matter? Advisory jurisdiction Contemporary World 1. Mention the full form of the WHO, UNICEF and UNESCO? o WHO World Health Organization o UNICEF United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund o UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 2. Where are the Headquarters of the UNICEF, WHO and UNESCO? UNICEF New York WHO Geneva, Switzerland UNESCO - Paris 3. Why was UNICEF established? To help the emergency needs of children in post-war Europe in 1946. 4. What is the main aim of the WHO? The main aim of the WHO is the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all people. 5. State the functions of the UNESCO in the field of Education. Removal of illiteracy Education of women and girls Financial assistance for the education of disabled children Provision of grants and fellowships in fields related to education Promotion of international understanding through education. Organization of book fairs and festivals Encouragement of Science education by providing regional training centers. Promotion of education as an instrument for international understanding 6. Give any two functions of the WHO. Providing infrastructure in countries to improve their health system. 5

Gives imp. Drugs needed for health care. Launched immunization programme to immunize children against measles, Diphtheria, Tetanus, TB, Polio and Wooping cough Promotes research to cure and prevent diseases Provides safe drinking water and adequate waste disposal Organizes conferences, seminars and training for health care personals from different countries. Aims at fighting diseases and prevents them from spreading. Ex: Malaria Defines standards for the strength and purity of medicines including biological products. Makes special efforts in combating diarrheal diseases which are killers of infants. Publishes health journals. Ex: Bulletin of WHO 7. Enumerate any two functions of the UNICEF. Works for the protection of children in respect of their survival, health and well-being Provides funds for training health and sanitation workers, teachers and nutritionists. Provides technical supplies, equipment and other aids like paper for text books, medicines and equipment to health clinics, pipes and pumps to bring clean water to villages. Assists Govt. to plan, develop and extend community-based services in the fields of maternal and child health, nutrition, clean water and sanitation. Provides help to children and mothers in emergencies arising from natural calamities, civil strife and epidemics. Makes effort to prevent diseases like TB, malaria, eye diseases, skin diseases etc. It speaks on behalf of children and upholds the convention on rights of child and works for its implementation. 8. When and why was the UNICEF created? To help the emergency needs of children in post-war Europe in 1946. 9. What is the role of UNICEF in modern times? To look after childrens welfare esp. in developing countries by providing people with low cost community-based services in material and child health, nutrition and immunization. 10. When is World Health Day celebrated? April, 7 11. When was the UNESCO established? 4th November 1946 12. Give one function each of UNESCO in the field of Science, education & culture. Education Removal of illiteracy Science Promotes basic research in fields like Geology, Mathematics, Physics and Oceanography. Culture Aims to protect the world inheritance of Books, Works of art and Rare manuscripts 13. What do you understand by the term "Human Rights"? Human rights are the basic rights to which all human beings are entitled. 14. When is the Human Rights day celebrated each year? 10th December 6

15. What does the Article 1 of the declaration of Human Rights proclaim? All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of Brotherhood. 16. What does the Article 2 of the declaration of Human Rights state? Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration without distinction of any kind such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. 17. What is meant by "Equality before the law"? OR 18. What is meant by Prohibition of Discrimination? The state shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds of race, colour, sex, religion, place of birth because a mans freedom is instilled in his nature. However, the state may make any special provision for the advancement of weaker sections of the society. 19. What is Apartheid (racial discrimination)? Apartheid is the racial discrimination based on colour and segregation imposed and institutionalized by a state. 20. Name one country where Apartheid was in existence? South Africa 21. Name the prominent South African leaders who fought racial discrimination tooth and nail? Nelson Mandela 22. Mention one vital importance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? It was a common standard of achievement for all people and all nations. 23. Why was the Human Rights Commission set up? The economic and social council makes recommendations to the general assembly on human rights and reviews reports and resolutions of the commission on human rights and transmits them with amendments to the general assembly. So to assist in its work, Human Rights Commission was set up. 24. Mention any two functions of the U.N. Human Rights Committee? Acts as a forum, for states, inter governmental and non governmental organizations to voice their concern about human rights. Prepares studies, makes recommendations and drafts international human rights conventions and declarations. Investigates allegations of human right violations and handles communication related to them. 25. What role do NGOs play in the enforcement of Human Rights? NGOs are active in drawing public attention to human right issues like cases of bonded laborers, children in prisons and violence committed to women under trials. 26. State any 2 tasks that the National Human Rights Commission in India carries out. To enquire into complaints of violation of HR To study the living conditions of the inmates in jails To review acts of terrorism that lead to violation of HR To promote research in the field of HR To encourage the efforts of NGOs working in the field of HR 27. When and by whom was Amnesty International founded? 7

 In 1961 by a British lawyer, Peter Benson 28. Give two of the rights to which every child is entitled. Right to special protection, opportunity and facilities for a healthy and normal development. 29. Mention one main objective (aim) of the Amnesty International? To seek release of persons detained for political or religious opinions To work for a fair and open trial of such prisoners To prevent torture and executions To help refugees to seek asylum in other countries To work for affective international agencies, so that people may have the right to freedom of thought and religion 30. What role do the Non-Governmental organizations play in the field of Human Rights? NGOs are active in drawing public attention to human right issues like cases of bonded laborers, children in prisons and violence committed to women under trials. 31. What does the 1984 Declaration on the Right of People to peace proclaim? 32. When was the Human Rights Commission set up? January 1947 33. Mention any two violations of human rights in Afghanistan under the Taliban regime? Plunder, destruction and molestation were rampant. Flogging, imprisonment and several other severe punishments were common. 34. What does the 1984 Declaration on the Right of People to peace proclaim? To combat Racism and Racial Discrimination. 35. What are the rights of a Sovereign State? The right to remain independent in deciding its internal and external policies without being dictated to by any other country or power. 36. When did the General Assembly adopt the declaration on the elimination of all forms of racial discriminations? and 1965 37. Who was the person who used the term Cold War for the first time? American statesman Bernard Baruch in 1946 38. What is meant by the term Cold War? Cold War is an atmosphere where there is no armed struggle but the rivals continue to maintain their peace time diplomatic relations along with their hostility 39. What was the Truman doctrine (policy of containment)? What was the Marshall Plan (European recovery Programme)? On March 12, 1947 President Harry S. Truman of USA in his speech to congress sought authorization to extent to Greece and Turkey, immediate economic and military assistance. This declaration is the Truman doctrine supporting free people to maintain their free institutions and their national integrity against aggressive movements. 40. Explain the European Recovery Programme. Offered financial assistance to all those countries to rebuild their economies which were devastated by war and also open markets for American goods. MP was announced by American secretary of State George C. Marshall on June 5th, 1947 with an aim to help the war torn nations of Europe to recover their shattered economies. It is an offer of help to all those countries who wanted it. 8

41. What was the Iron Curtain? In the post second world war period the world was divided into two power blocs, one was lead by USA, the capitalist bloc and the other by USSR, the communist bloc. They tried to draw as many countries as possible into their fold and formed two rival blocs and this was called by Winston Churchill the Iron Curtain 42. Give two main impacts of Cold War. Race for Armaments Mutual Suspicion and distrust 43. Name any two factors that were responsible for the change in attitude of the two super powers, which ultimately led to the end of the Cold War. They realized the consequences of the stock piling of nuclear weapons and maintenance of military bases which was strain their economies and therefore they wished to curb this expenditure. The disintegration of the Soviet Union leads to the emergence of USA as the sole super power in the world. Thus with the demise of the Soviet Union, the very basis of the cold war rivalry ended. 44. Give the full form of: i) SEATO: South-East Asian Treaty Organization ii) NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization iii) CENTO: Central Treaty Organization 45. How was the Marshall Plan a continuation of the Truman Doctrine? It provided financial aid to European countries after the 2nd World War with objective of having open markets for USA. 46. What does the Uniting for Peace resolution state? The General Assembly can take action at an aggressor nation for breach of peace if the Security Council does not come to a unanimous decision due to veto power of some nations and is not able to exercise its power. 47. Ideological differences and reducing the effectiveness of UN. Ideological differences created the power to use veto in the Security Council decisions. USA opposed what USSR proposed and vice versa. 48. Why did the cooperation between Russia and its Western Allies end after the Second World War? The cooperation between Russia and its Western Allies ended after the Second World War because at the Yalta conference Russia realized that USA had developed the Atom Bomb which it used on Japan and this was not known to them. The ideological differences between USA and USSR also played a major role in accelerating hostilities between them. 49. How did Truman doctrine accelerate hostility between America and Soviet Russia? It increased mutual distrust, suspicion, breaking of diplomatic relation and started a phase of Cold War. (Indian History National Movement) 50. Mention one factor which brought the Muslim League and the Congress closer. a. International events: In the First World War Britain was fighting against Turkey. Since all the Muslim holy places were situated within the Turkish Empire, Muslims felt that British were pro-Christian and anti-Muslim this change of attitude of the Muslims towards the British led the former to support the Congress. b. National events: 9

i. Partition of Bengal was cancelled ii. Nationalist Muslims made use of this opportunity to spread nationalist ideas among Muslims. iii. Tilak was released from jail. iv. Under the seditious meetings act some prominent Muslim leaders were arrested. c. Change in the objectives of the Muslim league to a system of self-government under the aegis of the British crown d. A compromise between the two factions of the Congress: Tilak played a major role in resolving differences between the Congress and the league. 51. When and between whom was the Lucknow Pact signed? In 1916 between the Congress and the Muslim league. 52. Mention any one feature of the Lucknow Pact. Abolition of Indian council Provincial legislature 53. Name the founders of the Home Rule Movement in India? Annie Besant Tilak 54. What were the objectives of the Home Rule Movement? To attain self govt. within the British empire by constitutional means Country should have a govt. by council and the members would be elected by people. Countrys budget and members should be made responsible to the legislature To organize public opinion in favour of its goal. 55. Who was Annie Besant? Mention any two of her contributions. Annie Besant, though Irish by birth, had great regard for Indian philosophy and culture. She was impressed by the Home Rule Movement in Ireland and set up the Home Rule League at Chennai in Sept. 1916 to build up an agitation for the demand of Home Rule. She established libraries and conducted classes for students on national politics to promote political education. 56. What was reaction of the British to the Home Rule Movement? Give two essential features of the Declaration of August 1917. a. The British Govt. followed a repressive policy when the Home Rule Movement reached its height in 1917. o The British made use of defense of India act and Indian Press act of 1910 to curb the activities of the agitators. o Students were forbidden from taking part of this movement. o Punjab Governor debarred Tilak from entering the province. o Annie Besant along with her co-workers was arrested. b. The British Govt. realized the seriousness and promised a responsible government after war, through of the Declaration of August 1917. o Annie Besant was released and the scheme of reforms was announced. c. Increasing association of Indians in every branch of administration and a gradual development of self governing institutions, with a view to the progressive realization of responsible government in India, as an integral part of the British Empire. i.e. o British would grant self govt. in India, within the British Empire. 10

o On recommendation of Edwin Montague and Lord Chlemsford the GOI act 1919 was passed and became operative in 1921. 57. When and by whom the Home Rule League was formally inaugurated in Madras? Home Rule League was inaugurated at Chennai in Sept. 1916 by Annie Besant. 58. Why was the 1916 Lucknow Session of the Indian national Congress significant? Both Muslim and Hindu communities agreed to compromise in some areas and work together for the common good. The radical Nationalists and Moderates within the Congress united. The unity between Congress and Muslim League and between the radical Nationalists and Moderates put tremendous pressure on British GOI. The British GOI felt it is necessary to pacify Indians by the declaration of Aug. 1917. 59. Why was the signing of the Lucknow Pact an important event towards the growth of unity in India? The Congress compromised in its secular character by accepting the scheme of separate electorates for Muslims. The Muslim League accepted the principles of election and the majority rule. Hence both Muslim and Hindu communities agreed to compromise in some areas and work together for the common good. The radical Nationalists and Moderates both wings of Congress were moving in different directions after the Surat session of 1907, united after Lucknow Pact. 60. Why did the leaders of the Home Rule Movement avoid revolutionary methods? The leaders of the Home Rule Movement avoid revolutionary methods to harass the govt. and used constitutional methods to attain their objectives, as England was busy in the war with Germany. 61. Mention any one provision of the Government of India Act, 1919. The Government of India Act, 1919 provided for partial transfer of power to the electorate through the system of diarchy. 62. Give 2 reasons why the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms did not come up to the expectations of the Indians? The system of Dyarchy had illogical basis on which the division of subjects was made. o Ex. Agriculture was a transferred subject and land revenue and irrigation came under reserved subjects. Financial arrangements were inadequate as health, agriculture and education ministers did not have sufficient funds, for their welfare activities. 63. What does Satyagraha mean? Satan means truth and agraha means insistence to hold fast. It meant to be fearless, truthful as well as peaceful, suffering willingly while refusing to submit to what is wrong. 64. What does Swadeshi mean? Swadeshi means producing necessary items in ones own country and using them for ones use without being dependent on imported goods. 65. What was the Khilafat movement? The British fought against Turkey in First World War and made the Sultan of Turkey deprived of all authority. Since the Caliph was the religious head of Muslims, they 11

thought that the British were pro-Christian and anti-Muslim and the Muslims position also will be adversely affected. Hence, Khilafat movement, a powerful agitation was started by the Muslim population in India, under the leadership of the Ali brothers (Mohd. Ali and Shaukat Ali), Moulana Azaad, Hakim Ali Khan and Hasrat Mohani.

66. Why is the Khilafat movement significant in the national movement? The Khilafat movement significant in the national movement because: Mahatma Gandhi was elected as President of All India Khilafat Conference in Nov. 1919 and advised the Khilafat Committee to adopt a policy of non cooperation with govt. By Aug. 1919 the Khilafat non co-operation movement was started. In 1921 the Khilafat Committee appeals to all Muslims not to join in police and armed forces and not to pay taxes. 67. Who started the Khilafat Movement and why did Gandhiji participate in the Movement? Khilafat movement was started by the Muslim population in India, under the leadership of the Ali brothers (Mohd. Ali and Shaukat Ali), Moulana Azaad, Hakim Ali Khan and Hasrat Mohani. Gandhiji saw an opportunity for uniting Hinds and Muslims and hence he participated in Khilafat Movement. He said the Congress plea for Hindu-Muslim unity would be an empty phrase if the Hinds hold aloof from the Muslims when their vital interests are at stake 68. Name the person who was responsible for the Jallianwallah Bagh Tragedy. General Dyer, the military commander of Amritsar. 69. What does Non - Cooperation Movement consists of? Non - Cooperation Movement is a way of protesting in which one does not cooperate with the evil-doer Non - Cooperation Movement consists of two programmes o Boycott programme o Swadeshi programme 70. Why did Gandhiji suspend the Non - Cooperation movement? In Feb, 1922, In Chauri Chaura village in UP, a procession of about 3000 peasants marched to protest against the police officer who had beaten some volunteers picketing a liquor shop. When the police fired on them, they set the police station on fire, killing 22 policemen who were inside the police station. There were a few more violent incidents in other parts of the country Since Gandhiji the believer of Ahimsa was shocked at these incidents and suspended Non - Cooperation movement. 71. Why was the Dandi March important in the history of the National Movement? Dandi march was aimed to attack and violate the salt laws because the salt tax affected all sections of the society especially poor. Gandhijis breaking of the Salt Laws marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement which resulted in mass strikes and setting up of parallel govt.s in several parts of the country. 72. What were Gandhijis views on non-violence? 12

Gandhijis views on non-violence are o Avoiding injury to anything on the earth by thought word or deed. o Not a negative but positive active force o Is a law of our species as violence is the law of the brute. o Is the virtue of the strong which requires benevolence and sympathy

73. What was the main objective of the non-cooperation movement? Annulment of the Rowlatt Act and remedying the Punjab wrong, i.e., the British govt. should express its regret on the happenings in Punjab particularly in Amritsar. 74. Why did Gandhiji suspend the Civil disobedience movement? In Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the Congress consented to suspend the Civil disobedience movement and hence it was suspended for the first time. Later, Civil disobedience movement was suspended temporarily because of the brutal repression of the satyagrahis and the atrocities against Harijans by some sections of the Indians 75. Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931? In Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the Congress consented to suspend the Civil disobedience movement and hence it was withdrawn by Gandhiji in 1931. 76. State two main aims of the Non Cooperation Movement launched by Gandhiji? Remedying the Khilafat Wrong, i.e the British should adopta lenient movement towards Turkey, and restore the old status of the Sultan of Turkey. Satisfying the nationalist urge for Swaraj by offering a new scheme of substantial reforms. 77. Why did Gandhiji renew the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932? As per Gandhi-Irwin Pact, the Civil disobedience movement was withdrawn in 1931. But, the talks were failed at the second session of the round table conference which was attended by Gandhiji as a sole representative of the Congress from September, 7 to December 1, 1931. Gandhiji came back and renewed the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1932. 78. When and by whom was the Civil Disobedience Movement launched? The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched by Gandhiji, with Dandi March on March 12th to April 6th. 79. Which provision of the Communal Award made Gandhiji fast unto death? Gandhiji fast unto death against the provision of separate electorates for the Scheduled or the Depressed Classes. 80. Name 2 important methods adopted by Gandhiji on the freedom struggle. Satyagrah and Ahimsa 81. Name 2 important educational institutions established during the Non-Cooperation Movement. Jamia Millia Islamia a national university Bihar Vidyapeeth Krishi Vidyapeeth Gujarat Vidyapeeth 82. How did the Non-Cooperation Movement promote social reforms? As a consequence of Non-Cooperation Movementseveral steps were taken in the direction of prohibition and removal of untouchability. 83. State any 2 difference of opinion between Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi. 13

Subhash Chandra Bose favoured the Gandhi favoured the small scale policy of large scale industrialization. industries to make villages self Because of German threat Britain sufficient. started facing problems and Bose Gandhi adopted a compromising wanted to take advantage of the attitude towards British and opposed to situation. any national struggle during the war. 84. Name the leaders who criticized Mahatma Gandhi for suspending the Non-Cooperation Movement. Motilal Nehru Lala Lajpat Rai Subhash Chandra Bose 85. In what way did the Non-Cooperation Movement provide a national base to the Congress? The Non-Cooperation Movement transformed the Indian National Congress from a deliberative assembly into an organization for action. It became the organizer and leader of masses in their national struggle. 86. Why was the Dandi March undertaken? Dandi March was undertaken to violate Salt Laws as the salt tax affected all sections of the society. 87. Which tragic incident led Gandhiji to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement? Jallian walabagh tragedy 88. Mention any 2 provisions of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (agreed to by the Government). Withdraw all ordinances and end prosecutions. Release all political prisoners, except those guilty of violence 89. Why was the Rowlatt Act (1919) passed? To curb the growing upsurge in the country 90. Mention any 2 events which led to the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. 91. What was the contribution of I.N.A. to India's struggle for freedom? Indias struggle for freedom entered a new phase because of INA activities. INA had revealed the heroism of Indians and the people began to look forward for the final struggle for freedom. The INA inspired the uprisings in the Indian Naval ratings in Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Karachi which shook the foundation of British Empire. A massive movement against the trial of the soldiers and officers of INA took place and the British govt. had to set them free even though the court-martial held them guilty. 92. Mention any one factor responsible for the rift between Gandhi wing and Subhash Chandra Bose? 93. Name the party formed by Bose in May 1939? Forward Bloc, a radical party within the Congress to bring the entire left wing under one banner. 94. What was the immediate objective of the Forward Bloc? Liberation of India with the support of workers, peasants, youth and all radical organizations. 95. Who was Rash Bihari Bose? Rash Bihari Bose was the Indian Revolutionary who gave a definite shape to the Indian Independence League. 14

He was the President for the council of action formed in Bangkok Conference held June 15th to 23rd, 1942 96. When the lNA was formally established? In 1942 97. Why did not the lNA take possession of lmphal? When INA along with Japanese army was 3 km. away from Imphal, the Japanese forces had to withdraw from the Indo-Burma border because of their entanglement with the American in the Pacific Ociean. At the same time rainy season set in. INA men disarmed and made prisoners of war and that is why the lNA take possession of lmphal. 98. What was Subhash Chandra Boses battle cry? Delhi Chalo (March to Delhi) Jai Hind (Victory of India) 99. Name the Military organization formed by Subhash Chandra Bose. Azad Hind Fauj or Indian national Army 100. Who was the founder of Forward Bloc? Subhash Chandra Bose 101. When the Indian National Army was formally established? Who was its first commanderin-chief? In 1942 by Mohan Singh Its first commander-in-chief was Mohan Singh 102. Why did Subhash Chandra Bose resign from the President ship of the Congress in 1939? In Congress Presidential Elections, Subhash Chandra Bose won by majority of votes, over Pattabhi Sitaramayya who was Gandhijis choice. A new Congress working committee was nominated by the President to the wishes of Gandhiji. Majority of delegates reconfirmed their confidence in Gandhiji and began to oppose the President and made impossible for function. Hence, Subhash Chandra Bose resigns the congress chairmanship in April 29, 1939. 103. Who proclaimed the inauguration of Provisional Government of India on 21st Oct.1943 at Singapore? Subhash Chandra Bose 104. Name the revolutionary leader who planned to fight for the liberation of India from abroad? Rash Bihari Bose 105. What was the contribution of the INA to the Indian freedom movement? It set up an inspiring example of patriotism. The heroic deeds and sacrifices of the soldiers of INA led to political consciousness among the Indian forces. The British realized that they could not rely on the Indian forces to continue their rule in India. 106. What was the aim of the Forward Bloc? The immediate objective of the Forward Bloc was liberation of India with the support of workers, peasants, youth and all radical organizations. After attaining Independence it would work for the establishment of a new Socialist 15

State through o Reorganization of agriculture and industry on socialist lines. o Abolition of Zamindari system o Introduction of new monetary and credit system 107. Who gave the call Delhi Chalo? Subhash Chandra Bose

108. Give one reason for the launching of Quit-India Movement by Gandhiji. Gandhiji felt that the British presence in India was an invitation to Japan to invade India and that their withdrawal would remove the bait and hence, Quit-India Movement was launched. 109. Give 2 reasons for launching Quit India Movement. Political causes o Establishment of Congress Socialist Party in 1934 o Division of Congress into conservative grouplead by Gandhiji, and the radical group lead by Subhas Chandra Bose Resignation of Congress Ministers: o In 1939 when the Viceroy, without consulting the Indians, declared that India is at war with Germany during the Second World War. Hindu Muslim Unity: o The gulf between the Hindus and Muslims widened. o In 1930 Sir Mohd. Iqbal suggested that Muslims should have a separate state. o In 1940, League demanded the partition of the country. 110. Where and when did the Congress announce the resolution of Quit India Movement? At Wardha in July, 1942 adopted the Quit India resolution while it was passed on Aug. 8, 1942 at Bombay. 111. How did the Quit India Movement become truly a national movement? It demonstrated the depth of the nationalist feelings in India and the capacity of Indians for struggle and sacrifice. People of all sections participated in this movement. 112. What did the British realize due to the success of the movement? Due to the success of the Quit India movement the British realized that they would no longer rule India against the wishes of its people. Part-B Section A Question 1 The constitution lays down that there shall be a council of ministers with the Chief Minister as Head to aid and advice the Governor. In this context answer the following: a) How is the Chief Minister of a state appointed? The Chief Minister of a state is appointed by the Governor. He summons the leader of the majority party and authorizes him to form the government after assessing the claims of various political parties. If no party commands a majority, the governor shall have to exercise his discretion in selecting the Chief Minister. 16

b) What qualifications are needed for the office of the Chief Minister? a. Leader of the majority party can be appointed as the CM. b. If no party commands majority the governor shall have to exercise his discretion in selecting the CM. c. He must be a citizen of India. d. He must not be less than 25 years of age. e. He must have his name in the voters list in the state concerned. f. He must not hold any office of profit under the government of India or the government of any state. g. He must not be of unsound mind which is declared by the SC. h. He must not be an undischarged insolvent. C) What powers does the Chief Minister have in relation to State Governor? To aid and advise the Governor: o The CM advises the Governor on all matters of the state Government. o All official appointments and dismissals are made by the Governor on the advice of the CM. To act as a Link between the Council of ministers and Governor o The CM communicates to the Governor all the decisions of the COM relating to the administration of the state. o The governor may ask him to furnish such information relating to administration of the state. o The Governor can submit for the consideration of the COM any matter on which decision has been taken by a minister but which has not been considered by the COM. Question2 In respect to the Council of Ministers answer the following questions a) How is the Council of Ministers formed? The cabinet ministers and other ministers are selected by the CM. Once the list of ministers is submitted by the CM the Governor has no choice but to accept it and appoint the ministers. b) What the main categories of the Ministers? Cabinet Ministers o They hold the important portfolios like Home, Defense, Finance o The cabinet ministers together determine the policy and programme of the Govt. Ministers of State o They are the 2nd category of ministers. They may or may not hold the an independent charge of any portfolio o They do not participate in cabinet meetings. But they be invited for meetings when the matters concerning their Dept. are being discussed. Deputy Ministers o They are the third category ministers who assist the Cabinet ministers and the CoM o They do not take part in cabinet deliberations C) What is the term of office of Ministers? o The normal term is 5 years. i. The ministers remain in the office as long as the CoM enjoys the confidence of the LA. 17

j. If the CHIEF MINISTER is not satisfied with the performance of any minister, he may ask him to resign. k. If that minister refuses to comply, the CHIEF MINISTER can advise the Governor to dismiss him. Question 3 The Council of Ministers is responsible to the Legislative Assembly. There are various methods by which the Legislative keeps a check on the Council of ministers, explain the following terms: a) The Zero Hour The time which begins at 12 O clock noon, soon after the question hour is the Zero Hour. During Zero Hour members rise all types of questions without any permission or prior notice. b) Adjournment Motion An Adjournment Motion proposes that the house should lay aside all other business and take up for consideration a definite matter of urgent public importance. Such a motion leads to interruption of normal business of the House The speaker applies a rigorous test for the admissibility of Adjournment Motion. c) Interpolation o Interpolation means members right to ask a question to obtain information on a matter of public importance or to address a grievance. d) No-Confidence Motion o A No-Confidence motion is a proposal expressing lack of confidence in the Ministry. o The COM is collectively responsible to the LA. o If the assembly passes a No-Confidence Motion, then the COM must resign. Question 4 With reference to the Council of Ministers in a State or Union, write briefly on: a) Individual Responsibility o The COM is individually responsible to the Governor and to the CM about the working of his Dept. o Each minister is responsible for the smooth running of his own Dept. o He has to answer all questions in the state legislature regarding his Dept. o If the CHIEF MINISTER is not satisfied with the performance of any minister, he may ask him to resign. b) Collective Responsibility o The state COM is collectively responsible to the LA. This means that they work like a team and the CM is the leader of the team. o All ministers are equally responsible for all decisions and actions of the cabinet and the COM. o All decisions of the cabinet are taken collectively and unanimously. o The CM and other ministers defend the Govt. policies both inside and outside the legislature. If a minister is in trouble in the LA the CM and other ministers stand by him and share the responsibility of his action. o If the members of the house loss confidence in the COM the entire council resigns together. If the CHIEF MINISTER resigns the other ministers also resign with him. d) Difference between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet: Table on page C-52 Question5 The SC has an extensive Jurisdiction. In this context, discuss the following: 18

a) Its Original Jurisdiction with examples. It means the power to hear and determine a dispute in the first instance i.e. those cases which cannot be moved in any court other than SC Cases about election of the presidents, Cases about the disputes between two or more states. Centre state or inter state disputes: The SC has been given exclusive original jurisdiction in any dispute: o Cases about the disputes between Govt. of India and any one or more states o Between GOI and any other states or states on one side and one or more states on the other side o Between two or more states Exception: This jurisdiction shall not extend to o A dispute arising out of a treaty, agreement etc which is in operation o In certain other matters such as interstate water disputes, matters related to finance commission o Adjustment of certain expenses and pensions between the union and the states Protection of fundamental rights It extends to cases of violation of the fundamental rights of individuals and the court can issue several rights for the enforcement of these rights Any individual can approach the SC in case of violation of a FR Transfer of cases from lower courts The SC may transfer to itself cases from one or more HCs, if these involve questions of law or cases or of great importance. The SC may transfer cases from one HC to another in the interest of justice Interpretation of Constitution All the cases where interpretation of the constitution is required can be directly filed in through SC The SC has the power of exclusive jurisdiction in regard to questions as to constitutional validity of central laws b) Its Appellate Jurisdiction with examples Appellate Jurisdiction means the powers to grant special leave to appeal against the judgement delivered by any court in the country. The appellate jurisdiction extends to constitutional, civil and criminal cases. Constitutional: o All matters irrespective of the nature, where certificate is issued by HC that it involves an important point of law and needs interpretation of the constitution, can be brought before the SC. o If HC refuses to give a certificate on such a case the SC can grant special leave of appeal. Civil Cases: Appeals in civil matters lie to the SC if the HC certifies: o That the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance o That the question needs to be decided by the SC. o If the HC refuses to give the certificate the SC can grant special leave to appeal in suitable cases. Criminal cases: o Cases without the certificate of the HC 19

o Cases with the certificate of HC o The certificate of HC is not required in a case where Where the HC has reversed the judgement given by the lower court and punished the accused with death sentence. A case which is withdrawn by the HC from a subordinate court and sentenced the accused to death. Question 6 With reference to SC briefly explain: a) Its function as a Court of Record If a person commits the contempt of HC it has the authority to punish him. Its judgements are kept as a record and are used as precedents. (Disrespect for the dignity or authority of a court) b) Its administrative functions. l. Appointment of officers and servants of the SC are made by the CJ of India or by such other Judge as he may direct. m. The court makes rules regarding the conduct of advocates and other persons appearing before it. It also makes rules regarding the conduct the fees to be charged in respect of the proceedings in the court. n. The SC ruled that Chief Justice of Indias recommendation to transfer judges of High court was not binding on the government, if the recommendation was made by without consulting four senior most judges of the SC. o. The SC simplified procedures in the area of public interest legislation. c) What is meant by Judicial Review? Judicial review is the power of SC to examine laws passed by the independent and the executive orders of the centre and state govts. in order to find weather these are in accordance with the constitution or not. If an order or law is found to be contrary to the constitution the SC declares it null and void. The SC is the interpreter of the Constitution and its decision is final. It has the power to review the laws passed by the Union or state legislatures. The SC declares a law null and void if it is against the letter and spirit of the constitution or contravenes any provision of the constitution. This power is called as judicial review. The minimum number of judges to hear and decide a case involving interpretation of constitution is five. SC has the power to review all the national or state laws and executive orders and declare them null and void if they go against the provisions of the constitution Question 7 A SC stands at apex of the judicial system in the country. In this context, explain: a) Power to issue Writs. Any citizen whose rights are violated can move to the SC for the enforcement of the rights. The SC has power to issue orders or writs, in the nature of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Writ of Prohibition, Writ of Certiorari, Quo-Warranto for the enforcement of the any of the fundamental rights. The constitution prohibits the state from making any law which takes away the fundamental rights. If it does so the law shall be declared null and void by the SC. 20

b) How is the SC a guardian of Fundamental Rights? The SC is known as the Guardian of the Constitution because by the power of judicial review the SC can declare them null and void if they are found to be not in accordance with the constitution. It is final interpreter of the constitution. It can hear cases about the enforcement of fundamental rights and can pass orders or writs to enforce fundamental rights. c) Security of tenure of the judges. A judge can remain in the office till he has attained the age of 65 years. He can be removed by the president on the ground of proved misbehavior or in capacity.

d) State the composition of the SC. The SC consists of a CJ and 25 other judges. The CJ and other judges of the SC are appointed by the president in consultation with the judges of SC and of HC besides his council of ministers. A judge can remain in the office till he has attained the age of 65 years. He can be removed by the president on the ground of proved misbehavior or in capacity if a resolution to this effect is passed by a majority in each house of the parliament. e) Mention the qualification required to become a SC Judge. p. He has been for at least 5 years a judge of a HC or more such courts in succession. q. He has been for at least 10 years an advocate of HC or more such courts in succession. r. In the opinion of the President he should be a distinguished jurist. s. He should be a citizen of India. History Question 1 Gandhi considered his struggle against the British rule as a spiritual crusade. In this context explain: a) His doctrine of Satyagraha Satyagraha was amoral force born of truth and non-violence It meant to be fearless, truthful as well as peaceful, suffering willingly while refusing to submit what is wrong. Even while resisting evil it would not involve hatred towards evil-doer. Gandhiji made distinction between Satyagraha and passive resistance. Satyagraha excludes the use of violence, but the later does not. Gandhijis Satyagraha movement was directed against the system of exploiting imperialism of British and not the British people individually or collectively. b) His belief in Non-violence repeated c) His views in Swadeshi Means producing necessary items in ones own country and using them for ones use without being dependent on imported goods. Gandhiji believed that the use of Swadeshi goods would make us self sufficient and eliminate our dependence on imported goods 21

Gandhiji emphasized on manual labour and use of Charaka and Khadi which was directed towards social and economic upliftment. It aimed at hampering British trade in India in order to weaken their hold in India He advocated small scale industries which provided employment to millions of workers and there by villages become self sufficient. d) His Value-based Politics Gandhiji spiritualised politics He also laid stress to include moral values in politics. He believed that right means must be adopted to realize right ends. The moment he realized that the struggle for independence did not confirm to his ideals of non-violence struggle he called for its suspension. Question 2 a) Briefly state the contribution of Subhash Chandra Bose to the national movement. Bose entered into active politics at the age of 24 and became a Swarajist as he did not agree with Gandhian thought. He believed in action and agitation and restored to revolutionary methods to attain Swaraj. He was attracted by the Non-Cooperation Movement and became an active worker for the freedom movement. He also participated in Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930. He laid stress on national planning, unity and organization of masses for the national struggle. He was elected as the President of Congress for the second term, but because of the rift with Gandhi he had to resign. Later, he laid foundation stone for Forward Bloc, a radical party with an objective liberation of India with support of workers, peasants, youth and all radical organizations. After his escape from house arrest on Jan.26th, 1941 he reached Berlin and funded Free India centers in Rome and Paris. During those days he frequently urged his countrymen on radio to raise arms against the British. On Aug. 26th, 1943 he became the supreme commander of INA and he was greeted as Netaji-the great leader. He set up Provisional Government of Free India on Oct. 21, 1943 and declared war on Britain and United states with the help of axis powers. He also set a womens regiment called the Rani Jhansi Regiment which was lead by Dr. Lakshmi Swaminathan. He first acquired Andaman and Nicobar Islands and renamed them as Shaheed and Swaraj islands. The INA along with Japanese army overran many territories in South East Asia. In 1944 they advanced up to frontier India and captured the strong military post at Klang Klang. The INA gave tough fight to the British forces in the Assam hills and succeeded in capturing Ukhral and Kohima. They raised the Tricolour Flag for the first time on the liberated Indian soil on March 19, 22

1944. He set up an inspiring example of patriotism through INA. The British realized that they could not rely on the Indian forces to continue their rule in India. b) INA's role in India's Freedom Struggle. Repeated c) Achievements of the INA. Acquired Andaman and Nicobar Islands and renamed them as Shaheed and Swaraj islands. The INA along with Japanese army overran many territories in South East Asia. In 1944 they advanced up to frontier India and captured the strong military post at Klang Klang. The INA gave tough fight to the British forces in the Assam hills and succeeded in capturing Ukhral and Kohima. They raised the Tricolour Flag for the first time on the liberated Indian soil on March 19, 1944. c) Reasons for its failure. When INA along with Japanese army was 3 km. away from Imphal, the Japanese forces had to withdraw from the Indo-Burma border because of their entanglement with the American in the Pacific Ocean. INA men disarmed and made prisoners of war. Rangoon was captured by British The surrender of Japan in the Second World War sealed the fate of the INA. Question3 With reference to the formation of Forward Bloc, answer the following: a) What led to the formation of Forward Bloc? Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the president ship of the Congress due to rift with Mahatama Gandhi and felt the urgent need for an organized left-wing party in the Congress. In 1939, he laid the foundation of a radical party within the congress, to bring the entire left wing under one banner. b) What were the aims and objectives of the Forward Bloc? Main Objective was liberation of India with the support of workers, peasants, youths and all radical organizations. After gaining independence establish a socialist state. Reorganization of agriculture and industry on socialist lines. Abolition of the zamindari system. Introduction of a new monetary and credit system. Question 4 The Non-cooperation Movement launched by the Congress. In this context, state: a) Three reasons for launching the Movement. Rowlat Act or Black Act o On the basis of the report given by Sedition Committee headed by Justice Rowlat the Rowlat Act was passed in March, 1919 in the Central Legislature in spite of opposition from Indians. o This Act authorized the Govt. to imprison any person without trial and convict him in a court. 23

o The purpose of this bill was to curb the growing upsurge in the country. o Rowlat Act implied Arrest a person without warrant In camera trial (trial in seclusion) Restriction on movements of the individuals Suspension of right of Habeas Corpus Jallianwalla Bagh Tragedy o A large, peaceful crowd was gathered at Jallianwalla Bagh in Amritsar on April 13, 1919 to protest the arrest of some leaders. o General Dyer with his soldiers closed the exit with his troops and ordered them to shoot at the crowd till their ammunition was exhausted. o About 1000 innocents were killed and many were injured and the whole nation shaken because of this incident. International events: o To win popular support for their war efforts the allied nations including Britain promised a new era of democracy, but after the war the war-time promises were forgotten. o Britain made it clear that it had no intention of parting with political power or sharing it with Indians. The Russian Revolution: o In 1917 in Russia after the October revolution the new Govt. granted the right of self- Govt. to all her colonies. o This revolution awakened the Indian leaders and filled them with a new zeal to fight against the British. Economy after the World War: o After the First World War all sections of the Indian society faced economic hardships high prices, high taxation and unemployment. All these circumstances led to the Non-cooperation Movement. b) The British reaction to the Movement. The government took severe measures to suppress the movement. All important leaders except Gandhiji were arrested and sent to jail. Processions and Public meetings were banned. The Khilafat and Congress volunteers were declared illegal. c) The immediate results of the Movement. The National Movement became a mass movement: o The Indian National acquired a real mass base with participation of different sections of Indian society such as peasants, workers, students, teachers and women. Instilled confidence among the people: o It generated a desire for freedom and inspired people to challenge the colonial rule. The congress became a revolutionary movement: o The Non-Cooperation Movement transformed the Indian National Congress from a deliberative assembly into an organization for action. o It became the organizer and leader of masses in their national struggle. Fostered Hindu-Muslim unity: 24

o It provided an opportunity to the congress to bring the urban Muslims into the National Movement by convincing them that the Nation was equally concerned with the problems affecting them. o The Khilafat issue was merged with this Movement. Promoted social reforms: o Many National schools and collages were setup. o Steps were taken in the direction of prohibition and removal of untouchability. o Indian handicrafts and industries were promoted. o Khadi became the symbol of National Movement. Spread Nationalism to every part of the Country: o Provincial congress comities were reorganized on the basis of linguistic areas. o The congress was led by a working committee. This would enable the congress to function as a political organization and provide it with machinery for implementing resolutions. o The congress organization was able to reach villages.

Popularized the cult of Swaraj: o The congress realized the nature and the value of the popular support to attain Swaraj within the British Empire. Question5 Gandhiji launched the Civil disobedience movement in 1930. In this context answer the following: a) Programme of the movement. Page H-89 to 90 b) Difference between Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience Movement Non-Cooperation is a way of Civil Disobedience Movement protesting in which one does is direct confrontation with the not cooperate with evil-doer govt. by defying orders and not paying tax. d) Gandhi - Irwin Pact. Release all political prisoners, except those guilty of violence. 2. Withdraw all ordinances and end prosecutions. Permit peaceful picketing of liquor and foreign cloth shops. Restore the confiscated properties of the satyagrahis. Permit the free collection or manufacture of salt by persons near the sea coast. The Congress in turn, consented to the following: To suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement. To participate in the second session of the Round table Conference. Not to press for investigation into police excesses Question 6 The aim of WHO is to assist the governments to raise the standard of Public health .In this context, answer the following: a) How does the WHO help to raise the standard of public health? Providing infrastructure in countries to improve their health system. 25

Gives imp. Drugs needed for health care. Launched immunization programme to immunize children against measles, Diphtheria, Tetanus, TB, Polio and Wooping cough Provides safe drinking water and adequate waste disposal b) How does it give information on medical research? Publishes health journals. Ex: Bulletin of WHO Organizes conferences, seminars and training for health care personals from different countries. c) Any 4 function of the WHO. Aims at fighting diseases and prevents them from spreading. Ex: Malaria Defines standards for the strength and purity of medicines including biological products. Makes special efforts in combating diarrheal diseases which are killers of infants. Promotes research to cure and prevent diseases e) Any 4 achievements of WHO. Cholera and plague epidemics are rare occurrences. Leprosy is being managed better and guinea worm has been nearly eliminated Small pox has been eradicated 84% of infants born in 1990were vaccinated against Polio A coverage of over 80% immunization has been achieved Diarrheal deaths have reduced significantly The infant mortality rate dropped from 107 in 1980s to 79 per 1000 in 1990s in India. Question 8 With reference to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, answer the following questions: a) What is the importance of Article 1 & 2? They signify every mans freedom, the universality of HR, the brotherhood of man and prohibit discrimination of any form b) What is racialism? c) What steps have been taken by the UN against Apartheid? 1962- The general assembly appealed to the members states to break off diplomatic relations with SA 1963- Imposed arms embargo on SA 1965- A convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination 1974- The general assembly recommended that SA be excluded organizations held under the UN so long as it continued its racio policy 1977- Compulsory arms embergo on SA and all sporting contacts were stopped with SA 1978- The year 1978 was declared as the international anti-apartheid year The UN held two world conferences to combat racism and racial discrimination (1978 and 1983) Question 10 The Cold War had a profound impact on development not only in Europe but everywhere in the world. It had major impact on the world economy. With reference to above explain: 1. Race for armaments. The cold war resulted in a mad race for armaments between the two super powers a. In order to outweigh each other both the countries have accumulated large number of 26

weapons. This lead to diversion of money from the developmental and welfare activities. b. Both the countries taken up nuclear weapon testing, development and deployment Programme, resulting in armament race in collecting a stockpile the nuclear weapons that could destroy the world. c. Other fields in which arm race accrue include2. Mutual suspicion and distrust. Although the USSR and the western countries fought against Germany, Italy and Japan during the Second World War, they could never really trust each other. A sense of insecurity and mutual suspicion persisted throughout. a. Despite of repeated requests made by USSR, Britain and France went ahead with their policy of appeasement. b. During the German attack on Soviet Union, the delay in opening the second front against the Germany by western countries confirmed the soviet suspicion. c. USA did not disclose USSR its secret plan of developing a nuclear bomb. d. Towards the end of Second World War both the sides removed their troops. However, the suspicion continued to persist between them. e. The deep ideological differences between the USA and USSR were aggravated under the leadership of Joseph Stalin (1929-1953) a ruthless and suspicious dictator. f. USSR believed that the democracy of the west was not genuine, and was only a mask used for exploiting the working class. It promoted the developing countries to nationalize the projects in which Anglo-American capital was invested. The western countries led by USA blamed the USSR for trampling democracy under foot, projected the USSR as the enemy of world peace, criticized the expansionist, policy of the USSR. 3. Ideological differences and reducing the effectiveness of UN. Question 11 With reference to the Truman Doctrine, answer the following questions: a) State the incident that led to the declaration of Truman Doctrine. Civil war between the communists and the royalists in 1947 to include the Greece in their spheres. Pressure of Soviet Union on turkey for the modification of the STRAITS CONVENTION. b) What were the objectives of Truman Doctrine? To contain communism throughout the world Extension of economic and military aid to all countries threatened by communism c) Name the two countries that received massive aid through the Truman Doctrine. Greece received massive supply of arms and defeated Communists Turkey received help and established democracy Question 12 With reference to the origin of the Cold War, answer the following questions: a) What was the main difference between the ideologies of the two power blocs? USSR believed that the democracy of the The western countries led by USA blamed west was not genuine, and was only a mask the USSR for trampling democracy under used for exploiting the working class. foot, projected the USSR as the enemy of They are the communists. world peace, criticized the expansionist, policy of the USSR. They are capitalists. 27

b) Give one incident that created suspicion between the two power blocs after the Second World War. During the German attack on Soviet Union, the delay in opening the second front against the Germany by western countries confirmed the soviet suspicion that the western nations wanted the prolonged aggression on the Soviet Union. The SU believed that it was a deliberate attempt by western countries so that both Germany and SU shattered and all the advantages of victory would be shared by Britain and America. Question13 Briefly describe the Non-Cooperation Movement with reference to: a) The Programme of this movement b) The participation of the people in India. c) The important results of this movement. Question14 In context of the First World War answer the following: a) How was India involved in First World War? b) What was the reaction of Congress towards the war? c) How did the Indian leader want to utilize the War to India's advantage? Question 15 With the reference to the Home Rule Leagues answer the following: a) Who set up the Home Rule Leagues? b) What were the aims of the movement? c) In what ways did this movement give support to the National Movement? Question16 The Quit India movement was short-lived, but its results had far reaching consequences. In this context, answer the following: a) People acquired great capacity for struggle. b) It made the British realize that their days were numbered. c) It displayed the depth of national feeling. Question17 The Quit India Movement launched by the Congress which was the last uprising movement. In this context, state: a) Three reasons for launching the Movement. 1. Failure of the Cripps Mission-rejected by Congress& Muslim League. 2. Japanese attackIndia could not sit on the fence the Japanese were knocking at the doors of the country. Gandhiji said, The presence of the British in India is an invitation to Japan to invade India. Their withdrawal removes that bait. 3. Policy of Divide & Rule leading to communal disharmony. Leave India in Gods hands; or in modern parlance, to anarchy. Then all parties will fight one another like dogs, or will when real responsibility faces them, come to a reasonable agreement. b) The British reaction to the Movement It adopted repressive policy to suppress the movement. 57 battalions were deployed. Thousands of people were arrested & imprisoned. One thousand & sixty people were killed &two thousand were seriously injured. 28

Lathi-charge, beating, flogging, women were insulted & children were beaten. Villages were looted & burnt, & government acted with utmost severity. Punitive fines were imposed. Armed aircrafts used in Bhagalpur, Monghyr in Bihar,Nadia &Tamluk in Bengal, &Talcher in Orissa c) The immediate results of the Movement. Demonstrated the Depth of National Feelings. People acquired great capacity for struggle & sacrifice. British realized that their days were numbered in India. Nehru said, For the first time since the First Revolt of 1857, vast number of rose to challenge by force( but a force without arms) the fabric of British rule in India. Lord Linlithgow said, by far the most serious rebellion since that of 1857. Churchill remarked, The idea of the transfer of power in India has become an admitted inevitability in the minds of the British party leaders. Kirti Chaturvedi HOD HISTORY

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