The Paraphrase Clinic Dr. David F.

Maas 11-18-2011

For the last 44 years, as an English teacher, I have waged a relentless war against plagiarism or academic burglary. During my recent 10 years at Wiley College I have developed a technique called the paraphrase clinic which has yielded positive results. My students who use this technique encounter no difficulty with the Turn-It-In radar, and actually find that normally terrifying system an ally. Most research papers in my Advanced Composition courses have a body of 7-10 pages. I remind the students that this does not count the cover page, outline, or bibliography. Each page within the body should contain roughly four paraphrases. For each paraphrase appearing in the paper, the student must submit one template, highlighting the original material in red (with each consecutive sentence numbered), followed by a sentence by sentence paraphrase highlighted in green. At the conclusion, the green sentences are reassembled into a coherent paragraph, beginning with a lead-in or attributive tag and a page number surrounded by parentheses. The final green paragraph is the item that will appear in the body of the text. I then ask students to attach an appendix of ALL templates used in the paper, in the order in which they appear in the paper. If the paper is 7 pages long, the appendix should consist of 28 pages; if the paper is 10 pages long, the appendix will consist of 40 pages. Because I ask for all the research papers to come in electronically, I do not worry about wasting paper or red and green ink. Three times in the semester, I ask the students to do two additional phases- highlighting in purple how they changed the red sentences to the green sentences. Earlier in the semester they have gone through a basic grammar review with a concentrated unit on sentence combining. The students learn to substitute synonyms (nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs), converting one grammatical category into another, changing the word order, changing passive to active voice, using E-prime, etc. Consequently 3 out of the 40 pages in the appendix will have the purple descriptors. The following sequence of illustrations highlights the three phases of the paraphrase clinic process. The first phase the students do in class- selecting a paragraph from a book, magazine or internet source, highlighting it in red, and numbering each sentence. The student then sentence by sentence makes paraphrases, highlighting his or her efforts in green. The green sentences are then reassembled at the end. Every completed paraphrase MUST HAVE A LEAD-IN (OR ATTRIBUTIVE TAG) at the beginning and a page number at the end surrounded by parentheses. At the top of the template the student must insert a TAP (title, author, and page number) along with a brief description of the contents. The second phase consists of copying and pasting the red/green pair immediately under each red/green pair. The duplicate pair is highlighted in black. The third phase consists of adding purple explanatory notes as to how the red sentences were converted to green. Even though each sentence may have from 35 strategies, I require only one for each pair. Within a week, I require the students to e-mail the revised phase back to me.

Phase 01: Red and Green Title Gustav Mahlers Symphony No. 1 D major, Edition Eulenburg, No. 570 Author Hans Redlich, Page 1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Mahler)

1The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler was mainly composed between late 1887 and March 1888, though it incorporates music Mahler had composed for previous works.2 It was composed while Mahler was second conductor at the Leipzig Opera, Germany. 3Although in his letters Mahler almost always referred to the work as a symphony, the first two performances described it as a symphonic poem or tone poem.4The work was premired at the Vigad Concert Hall, Budapest in 1889, but was not well received. 5Mahler made some major revisions for the second performance, given at Hamburg in October 1893; further alterations were made in the years prior to the first publication, in late 1898. 6Some modern performances and recordings give the work the title Titan, despite the fact that Mahler only used this label for two early performances, and never after the work had reached its definitive four-movement form in 1896. 1The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler was mainly composed between late 1887 and March 1888, though it incorporates music Mahler had composed for previous works According to Hans Redlick, Gustav Mahler composed his first symphony between late 18887 and early 1888, incorporating some music he had composed for previous works. 2 It was composed while Mahler was second conductor at the Leipzig Opera, Germany. Mahler composed this work while conducting at the Leipzig Opera in Germany.

3Although in his letters Mahler almost always referred to the work as a symphony, the first two performances described it as a symphonic poem or tone poem Even though in several of his letters, he always called his work a symphony, he termed it a symphonic poem for the first two performances.

4 The work was premired at the Vigad Concert Hall, Budapest in 1889, but was not well received. When the work premiered in Budapest at the Vigado Concert Hall, it did not receive hospitable reception.

5Mahler made some major revisions for the second performance, given at Hamburg in October 1893; further alterations were made in the years prior to the first publication, in late 1898.

For the second performance Mahler revised it considerably and made more before the first official publication in late 1898 6Some modern performances and recordings give the work the title Titan, despite the fact that Mahler only used this label for two early performances, and never after the work had reached its definitive four-movement form in 1896. Modern performances often label the work the Titan even though Mahler himself only used this title for the first two performances and actually dropped the term after the work evolved into the four movement structure in 1896.(1)

According to Hans Redlick, Gustav Mahler composed his first symphony between late 18887 and early 1888, incorporating some music he had composed for previous works. Mahler composed this work while conducting at the Leipzig Opera in Germany. Even though in several of his letters, he always called his work a symphony, he termed it a symphonic poem for the first two performances. When the work premiered in Budapest at the Vigado Concert Hall, it did not receive hospitable reception. For the second performance Mahler revised it considerably and made more before the first official publication in late 1898.Modern performances often label the work the Titan even though Mahler himself only used this title for the first two performances and actually dropped the term after the work evolved into the four movement structure in 1896.(1)

Phase 02: Add the Black pairs Title Gustav Mahlers Symphony No. 1 D major, Edition Eulenburg, No. 570 Author Hans Redlich, Page 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Mahler)

1The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler was mainly composed between late 1887 and March 1888, though it incorporates music Mahler had composed for previous works.2 It was composed while Mahler was second conductor at the Leipzig Opera, Germany. 3Although in his letters Mahler almost always referred to the work as a symphony, the first two performances described it as a symphonic poem or tone poem.4The work was premired at the Vigad Concert Hall, Budapest in 1889, but was not well received. 5Mahler made some major revisions for the second performance, given at Hamburg in October 1893; further alterations were made in the years prior to the first publication, in late 1898. 6Some modern performances and recordings give the work the title Titan, despite the fact that Mahler only used this label for two early performances, and never after the work had reached its definitive four-movement form in 1896. 1The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler was mainly composed between late 1887 and March 1888, though it incorporates music Mahler had composed for previous works According to Hans Redlick, Gustav Mahler composed his first symphony between late 18887 and early 1888, incorporating some music he had composed for previous works. 1The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler was mainly composed between late 1887 and March 1888, though it incorporates music Mahler had composed for previous works According to Hans Redlick, Gustav Mahler composed his first symphony between late 18887 and early 1888, incorporating some music he had composed for previous works.

2 It was composed while Mahler was second conductor at the Leipzig Opera, Germany. Mahler composed this work while conducting at the Leipzig Opera in Germany.

2 It was composed while Mahler was second conductor at the Leipzig Opera, Germany. Mahler composed this work while conducting at the Leipzig Opera in Germany.

3Although in his letters Mahler almost always referred to the work as a symphony, the first two performances described it as a symphonic poem or tone poem Even though in several of his letters, he always called his work a symphony, he termed it a symphonic poem for the first two performances. 3Although in his letters Mahler almost always referred to the work as a symphony, the first two performances described it as a symphonic poem or tone poem Even though in several of his letters, he always called his work a symphony, he termed it a symphonic poem for the first two performances.

4 The work was premired at the Vigad Concert Hall, Budapest in 1889, but was not well received. When the work premiered in Budapest at the Vigado Concert Hall, it did not receive hospitable reception. 4 The work was premired at the Vigad Concert Hall, Budapest in 1889, but was not well received. When the work premiered in Budapest at the Vigado Concert Hall, it did not receive hospitable reception.

5Mahler made some major revisions for the second performance, given at Hamburg in October 1893; further alterations were made in the years prior to the first publication, in late 1898. For the second performance Mahler revised it considerably and made more before the first official publication in late 1898

5Mahler made some major revisions for the second performance, given at Hamburg in October 1893; further alterations were made in the years prior to the first publication, in late 1898. For the second performance Mahler revised it considerably and made more before the first official publication in late 1898

6Some modern performances and recordings give the work the title Titan, despite the fact that Mahler only used this label for two early performances, and never after the work had reached its definitive four-movement form in 1896.

Modern performances often label the work the Titan even though Mahler himself only used this title for the first two performances and actually dropped the term after the work evolved into the four movement structure in 1896.(1)

6Some modern performances and recordings give the work the title Titan, despite the fact that Mahler only used this label for two early performances, and never after the work had reached its definitive four-movement form in 1896. Modern performances often label the work the Titan even though Mahler himself only used this title for the first two performances and actually dropped the term after the work evolved into the four movement structure in 1896.(1)

According to Hans Redlick, Gustav Mahler composed his first symphony between late 18887 and early 1888, incorporating some music he had composed for previous works. Mahler composed this work while conducting at the Leipzig Opera in Germany. Even though in several of his letters, he always called his work a symphony, he termed it a symphonic poem for the first two performances. When the work premiered in Budapest at the Vigado Concert Hall, it did not receive hospitable reception. For the second performance Mahler revised it considerably and made more before the first official publication in late 1898.Modern performances often label the work the Titan even though Mahler himself only used this title for the first two performances and actually dropped the term after the work evolved into the four movement structure in 1896.(1)

Phase 03: Add the purple descriptions Title Gustav Mahlers Symphony No. 1 D major, Edition Eulenburg, No. 570 Author Hans Redlich, Page 1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Mahler) 1The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler was mainly composed between late 1887 and March 1888, though it incorporates music Mahler had composed for previous works.2 It was composed while Mahler was second conductor at the Leipzig Opera, Germany. 3Although in his letters Mahler almost always referred to the work as a symphony, the first two performances described it as a symphonic poem or tone poem.4The work was premired at the Vigad Concert Hall, Budapest in 1889, but was not well received. 5Mahler made some major revisions for the second performance, given at Hamburg in October 1893; further alterations were made in the years prior to the first publication, in late 1898. 6Some modern performances and recordings give the work the title Titan, despite the fact that Mahler only used this label for two early performances, and never after the work had reached its definitive four-movement form in 1896. Add lead-in 1The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler was mainly composed between late 1887 and March 1888, though it incorporates music Mahler had composed for previous works According to Hans Redlick, Gustav Mahler composed his first symphony between late 18887 and early 1888, incorporating some music he had composed for previous works

1The Symphony No. 1 in D major by Gustav Mahler was mainly composed between late 1887 and March 1888, though it incorporates music Mahler had composed for previous works According to Hans Redlick, Gustav Mahler composed his first symphony between late 18887 and early 1888, incorporating some music he had composed for previous works.

Replace passive voice with active voice 2 It was composed while Mahler was second conductor at the Leipzig Opera, Germany. Mahler composed this work while conducting at the Leipzig Opera in Germany.

2 It was composed while Mahler was second conductor at the Leipzig Opera, Germany. Mahler composed this work while conducting at the Leipzig Opera in Germany. Synonym Substitution: Verbs 3 Although in his letters Mahler almost always referred to the work as a symphony, the first two performances described it as a symphonic poem or tone poem Even though in several of his letters, he always called his work a symphony, he termed it a symphonic poem for the first two performances. 3Although in his letters Mahler almost always referred to the work as a symphony, the first two performances described it as a symphonic poem or tone poem Even though in several of his letters, he always called his work a symphony, he termed it a symphonic poem for the first two performances.

E-Prime Strategy Substitute Do verb for a Be Verb 4 The work was premired at the Vigad Concert Hall, Budapest in 1889, but was not well received. When the work premiered in Budapest at the Vigado Concert Hall, it did not receive hospitable reception. 4 The work was premired at the Vigad Concert Hall, Budapest in 1889, but was not well received. When the work premiered in Budapest at the Vigado Concert Hall, it did not receive hospitable reception.

Synonym Substitution: Verbs 5Mahler made some major revisions for the second performance, given at Hamburg in October 1893; further alterations were made in the years prior to the first publication, in late 1898. For the second performance Mahler revised it considerably and made more before the first official publication in late 1898

5Mahler made some major revisions for the second performance, given at Hamburg in October 1893; further alterations were made in the years prior to the first publication, in late 1898.

For the second performance Mahler revised it considerably and made more before the first official publication in late 1898

Synonym Substitution: verbs 6Some modern performances and recordings give the work the title Titan, despite the fact that Mahler only used this label for two early performances, and never after the work had reached its definitive four-movement form in 1896. Modern performances often label the work the Titan even though Mahler himself only used this title for the first two performances and actually dropped the term after the work evolved into the four movement structure in 1896.(1) 6Some modern performances and recordings give the work the title Titan, despite the fact that Mahler only used this label for two early performances, and never after the work had reached its definitive four-movement form in 1896. Modern performances often label the work the Titan even though Mahler himself only used this title for the first two performances and actually dropped the term after the work evolved into the four movement structure in 1896.(1)

According to Hans Redlick, Gustav Mahler composed his first symphony between late 18887 and early 1888, incorporating some music he had composed for previous works. Mahler composed this work while conducting at the Leipzig Opera in Germany. Even though in several of his letters, he always called his work a symphony, he termed it a symphonic poem for the first two performances. When the work premiered in Budapest at the Vigado Concert Hall, it did not receive hospitable reception. For the second performance Mahler revised it considerably and made more before the first official publication in late 1898.Modern performances often label the work the Titan even though Mahler himself only used this title for the first two performances and actually dropped the term after the work evolved into the four movement structure in 1896.(1)