NURSING RESEARCH I CLASS QUIZ OCTOBER 19, 1999 Name_______________________ DIRECTIONS: Please print, complete, and bring to class

with your name on this sheet, ready to turn in. Select the best response to each question. This is a ten-point quiz. 1. In experimental and quasi-experimental research, another name for the "treatment" is a. bias b. control c. manipulation d. validity The following diagram represents what type of design? Subject selection R R a. b. c. d. 3. Measurement M M Treatment T Measurement M M

2.

pretest / post-test control group design post-test only design factorial design time series design

A study examining the effects of an injection into a relaxed muscle versus a contracted muscle on a patient's discomfort is an example of: a. descriptive research b. basic research c. correlational research d. quasi-experimental research The purpose of randomization is to: a. ensure representativeness of the target population b. detect inconsistencies in the sampling procedure c. evaluate the sampling criteria d. assess the adequacy of the research design Another name for probability sampling is a. accidental sampling b. random sampling c. quota sampling d. purposive sampling You are to select a set of 5 subjects using a random numbers table. The selected population is 50. Your pencil was initially placed on the 2nd column from the left and 3rd row down. The decision is to move across the columns to the right. The subject numbers will be: 6 7 03 77 20 a. b. c. d. 63 84 19 32 01 10 10 63 69 94 34 22 93 58 54 66 56 72 25 66 39 72 52 15 88 54 25 13 55 43 02 70 30 38 91 33 69 44 19 34 85 43 40 62 28

4.

5.

6.

13, 30, 44, 40, 32 33, 02, 54, 39, 66 19, 38, 55, 15, 25 19, 63, 93, 72, 52

7.

You are shopping in the mall and are approached by individuals who identify themselves as researchers for a local food chain, and they ask you to participate in their study by answering a few questions. As a subject for this survey, you were selected by which method of sampling? a. random sampling b. convenience sampling c. purposive sampling d. systematic sampling You want to obtain a sample of individuals who are HIV positive. Which of the following sampling methods would be the MOST effective way to obtain an adequate sample. a. accidental sampling b. cluster sampling c. network sampling d. simple random sampling The sample size needed for a study increases when: a. the alpha level is increased from .01 to .05 b. the number of variables in the study decrease c. the sensitivity of the instruments used is low d. a one-tailed versus a two-tailed statistical test is used

8.

9.

10. A researcher is studying the relationship between age and involvement in social activities. This is what type of research? a. correlational research b. descriptive research c. experimental research d. quasi-experimental research

Quiz 11, Critique and Utilization of Nursing Research 1. A research critique should be: a. a criticism of a researchers faulty methodologic research decisions. b. An inventory of needed improvements in research design. c. An analysis of a studys internal validity problems. d. A balanced appraisal of a studys strengths and weaknesses. 2. If a reader concluded that a study had internal validity problems, this would involve a critique of which of the following dimensions of the study? a. substantive b. methodological c. ethical d. interpretive 3. The handling of response set biases concerns which of the following methodologic decisions in a quantitative study? a. research design b. sampling plan c. data collection procedures d. data analysis plan

4. If a reviewer perceived that the researcher failed to consider important study weaknesses in the concluding section of the report (implications and limitations), this would involve a critique of which of the following dimensions? a. substantive b. methodologic c. ethical d. interpretive
5.

Suppose a researcher hypothesized that a relatioonship existed between nurses leadership behavior and job satisfaction. Correlational analysis revealed an r of .60 that had a p value beyond the .001 level. The researcher may conclude all of the following except: a. the greater the leadership behavior the higher the job satisfaction b. the data analysis suggested that the hypothesis was correct c. a statistically significant relationship exists between nurses leadership behaviors and job satisfaction d. high levels of leadership behavior causes high job satisfaction

6. Non significant findings indicated that the null hypothesis a. is accepted b. failed to be rejected (retained) c. is proven d. is inconclusive 7. The person who critiques a published research report should strive to: a. withhold overly critical comments that would discourage the researcher b. focus primarily on the data analysis and findings c. judge the merits of the study based on the researchers background d. remain as objective and balanced as possible True or False _____8. Only researchers can adequately evaluate the decisions that another researcher makes in conducting a study. _____9. Publication of a research report indicates that the research is of high quality. _____10.The more faulty decisions a reviewer can identify, the better the critique. _____11. Most research studies have adequacies and inadequacies. _____12. Critical appraisals of research reports play a critical role in the advancement of knowledge. _____13. The major focus of a research critique is the evaluation of the results. _____14. Interpretation of results in quantitative studies refers to the process of attaching meaning to the numeric values obtained in statistical testing. _____15. A statistically significant result may not have practical significance. _____16. When the research hypotheses have been supported it is common practice to infer causality. 17. Which of the following strategies for utilization is most amenable to adoption by nursing students? a. preparing integrative reviews and protocols for clinical adoption b. replicating research studies c. reading professional journals widely and critically

18.Which of the following present roadblocks to clinically using research findings? a. Low or negative cost/benefit ratio b. communication failure between researchers and clinical nurses c. lack of reproducible results d. lack of supported clinical significance e. all of the above 19. When interpreting research results published in lay media to your patients, the most important information to impart is: a. their lack of expertise in interpreting the findings b. sensationalism in lay publications is common, only their physician is able to determine if the findings are useful to them. c. one study never proves the effectiveness of any treatment. d. all research should be viewed with scientific skepticism

Question Excerpt From Nursing Research Online Quiz 1 Having worked in the emergency word for six months, you are Q.1) convinced that crisis intervention is one of those services that a nurse can charge a professional fee. This knowledge is based on: (1) A. B. C. D. E. scientific method experiences consulting expert trial and error none of the above
While working at the ICU, a member of the research team remembers "The effects of Music Therapy on Pain Relief among selected patients in ICU. Which of the following best describes this? (2)

Q.2) that the head nurse and a supervisor conducted a small scale study on

A. B. C. D. E.

Q.3) team concerns bed sores. In one unit, it was CLEARED that they tried

One of the problems encountered by the other members of the research using the bark of Banana to line the skin where possible pressure sore is suspected. The knowledge in this situation is through:(3)

scientific method trial and error experience tradition none of the above

A. B. C. D. E.

experience consulting expert trial and error tradition none of the above

Q.4) One of the problems encountered by the other members of the research

team concerns bed sores. In one unit it was LEARNED that they tried using the bark of Banana to line the skin where possible pressure sore is suspected. The knowledge In this situation is through: (4)

A. B. C. D. E.

trial arid error scientific method tradition experience none of the above

One member of the research team used to be assigned in the reproductive health clinic of the OPD. The nurses in that clinic were on Q.5) infection control and for a long time have not been using disinfectant solutions for the sterile container after use and have a new sterile pickup and sterile dry container everyday. The knowledge of keeping the pick up forceps sterile in this manner has been acquired through: (5)

A. trial and error B. scientific method C. consulting expert D. tradition E. none of the above Q.6) Nurse Vilma is interested to conduct a mini research on responsible parenthood. How should Nurse Vilma start the process of research? (6) A. B. C. D. E. Make a survey in the neighbourhood Identify what should be the focus of the study Observe family relationships at home Watch family interactions in telenovelas and family shows None of the above Nurse Vilma is interested to conduct a mini research on Q.7) responsible parenthood. Where else will Nurse Vilma start the process
of research? (7)

A. B. C. D. E.

Q.8) sharing of responsibilities between the husband and wife." What part of
the research cannon does this belong? (8)

Read very well this statement: "Responsible parenthood is a 50-50%

Conversation with classmates and friends Literature review Community data Notes from lecture None of the above

A. B. C. D.

Research hypothesis Problem Statement Tool paradigm Conceptual framework

E. None of the above Q.9) Responsible parenthood through survey research is best analyzed by
what design? (9)

A. Correlation B. Qualitative C. Triangulation D. Quantitative E. None of the above Q.10) The data that will be gathered in the study about responsible
parenthood should give an answer to your: (10)

A. B. C. D. E. Q.11)

Hypothesis Conceptual framework Research problem Instrumentation None of the above

Which of the following is/are the purpose/s of a basic research? (14) I. To extend the base knowledge II. Formulation or refinement of theory III. For discovery of the general principles IV. To find solutions for existing problems

A. B. C. D. E. Q.12)

I, II II, III I, II, III I, II, III, IV None of the above

All EXCEPT one are the purposes of applied research: (15)

A. To find solutions for existing problems B. Focuses on factors which can be changed by intervention to achieve a desired goal C. For solving problems D. Uses inductive process E. None of the above Q.13) It describes an existing problem situation and examines the underlying factors that
contribute to the emergence of the problem. (18)

A. B. C. D. E. Q.14)

Exploratory research Explanatory research Applied research Qualitative research None of the above
All of the following are parts of the conceptual phase of research EXCEPT: (20)

A. B. C. D. E. Q.15) A. B. C. D.

Problem identification Placing problem in conceptual and theoretical framework Reviewing literature Determining sampling plan None of the above
Which of the following is a null hypothesis? (21)

E. Q.16) "Is there a relationship between the presence of an airbed and the incidence of
breakdown?"' Identify the independent variable: (22)

A negative statement which indicates that there is no association between variables A positive research hypothesis that there is association or significant relationship between variables States whether the relationship between the variables is positive or negative, direct or inverse Merely states the presence or absence of a relationship but does not specify the direction None of the above

A. B. C. D. E. Q.17) A. B. C. D. E. Q.18)

Presence of airbed Incidence of skin breakdown Relationship between airbed and skin breakdown Airbed decreases the incidence of skin breakdown None of the above
Which of the following is an example of a directional hypothesis? (23)

There is no difference in incidence of skin breakdown between patients who are and who are not placed on an airbed There is a difference in incidence of skin breakdown between patients who are not placed on an airbed Comatose patients placed on an airbed will have a lower incidence of skin breakdown than those who are not All of the above None of the above
Which among the following are sources of a research problem? (24) I. Experience II. Literature III. Social issues IV. Theory

A. B. C. D.

I, II II, III, IV I, IV All of these

E. None of these Q.19) A. B. C. D. E. Q.20) A. B. C. D. E. Q.21) A. B.

The accuracy and consistency of information obtained in the study is known as: (25)

Reliability Validity Confirmability Credibility None of the above

All of the following are the major ethical principles in research EXCEPT: (27)

Beneficence Respect for human dignity Justice Generalizability None of the above
Which of the following exemplifies a right of self disclosure in research? (28)

C. D. E. Q.22) Which of the following choices manipulates and independent variable but no
randomization or control group? (30)

Participants have the freedom to control their own activities including study participation Researcher has fully described to prospective participants their rights and full nature of the study Researcher protects the anonymity of the participants All of the above None of the above

A. B. C. D. E.

Cross-sectional Longitudinal Quasi-experimental Prospective None of the above

Which of the following are internal variables that influence health beliefs and practices?

Q.23) (38)

A. Cultural background and nationality B. Socio-economic factors C. Educational background D. Health status E. None of the above Q.24) If you are to conduct a research related to drug dependence, which one is the best
method to use in collecting the data? (39)

A. B. C.

Participant observation Related literature Interview

D. Historical records E. None of the above Q.25) Which of the following characteristics of a clinical nursing is NOT a potential for
research? (41)

A. B. C. D. Q.26)

It has the potential to change how nursing care is delivered in the unit It is value laden and involves feelings and perceptions It reflects something that could be improved in clinical practice It is a problem that occurs frequently in a particular client group In your OWN WORDS, describe the reasons why nurses do research.