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In sets,
is all elements in A plus all elements in B. is everything inside the rings in the Venn diagram below. is all elements that are not in A and not in B. is everything outside the rings in the Venn diagram below.
P(B)= .72
Solution:
1 - .53 .47 Therefore the solution is .47. ____________________________________________________ B) The probability that A or B occurs.
Therefore the solution is .77. ____________________________________________________ C) The probability neither A nor B occurs. Solution: This is not A and not B, which is the outside of the rings, or Anything complemented is always one minus the uncomplemented object.
Student #1: Determine if the two events A & B are mutually exclusive. Event A: The sum of rolling two dice four times is 1, 3, 5, 9. Event B: The sum of rolling two dice four times is 4, 5, 10, 11. Yes, No, A and B are mutually exclusive. A and B are not mutually exclusive.
Answer
Student #2: Determine in the two events A & B are mutually exclusive. Event A: A card drawn from a deck of cards is Black. Event B: A card drawn from a deck of cards is a diamond. Yes, No, A and B are mutually exclusive. A and B are not mutually exclusive.
Answer
Student #3: Determine in the two events A & B are mutually exclusive. Roll two dice: Event A: A die comes up a 3. Event B: The sum of the dice is 10. Yes, No, A and B are mutually exclusive. A and B are not mutually exclusive.
___________________________________________________________ Example 3: At a local bank the probability of having various number of teller lanes open are given:
#of Lanes Open 1 2 Probability .18 .21
3 4 5
What is the Probability that at least 2 teller lanes are open at any given random time? Solution: Let Let Let Let Let be the event that exactly one teller lane is open. be the event that exactly two teller lanes are open. be the event that exactly three teller lanes are open. be the event that exactly four teller lanes are open. be the event that exactly five teller lanes are open are these events all mutually exclusive with each other?
Ask yourself this question. Can you have exactly one teller lane open, and have exactly two teller lanes open at the same time? The answer is no, so they are mutually exclusive events. Since all pairs of events are mutually exclusive, i.e. , etc., We can use the union rule for mutually exclusive events.
Or use the complement: P(at least 2 lanes are open) = 1 - P(1 lane open) = 1 - .18 = .82 Therefore the solution is .82. _________________________________________________ Example 4: Consider the sample space for flipping a coin twice: S = {HH,HT,TH,TT} where HH is Heads Heads, HT is Heads Tails, etc. Let E be the event "the same side of the coin shows on both flips". {HH,TT} Let F be the event "the second flip is tails". {HT, TT}
Describe the following in words, and find each sample space. A) Solution: The same side of the coin does not show on both flips. (One head and one tail.)
B) Solution: The second flip is not tails. (The second flip is heads.)
C) Solution: The same side of the coin shows on both flips, and the second flip is tails. (Both flips are tails.)
D) Are E and F mutually exclusive? Solution: No, since is not empty, E and F are NOT mutually exclusive.
E) Solution: The same side of the coin shows on both flips, or the second flip is tails.
Student #4: Five women at a hotel give their jackets to the valet for cleaning. If the jackets are randomly handed back to the owners, what is the probability that at least one women receives the wrong jacket?
.56
.87
.99
.45
Answer
Student #5: Data from Parham county shows there is a .62 probability of listening to Kcob 96 fm, and a .54 probability of listening to Coast 109. If the probability of listening to both stations is .24, what is the probability that a person selected at random does not listen to either station?
.65
.08
.25
.55
Answer
Example 5: A dad has 8 red candies, and 9 blue candies. random, what is the probability that: If 6 candies are to be chosen at
A)
Solution: The sample space for blue candies is: Remember, 6 candies total must be chosen. S={0B6R, 1B5R, 2B4R, 3B3R, 4B2R, 5B1R, 6B0R} where (1B5R) means 1 blue and 5 red
P(at least one blue) = P(1B5R) + P(2B4R) + P(3B3R) + P(4B2R) + P(5B1R) + P(6B0R)
____________________________________________________________ Or use the complement. The complement is 1 - (the unused portion of the sample space).
Solution: The sample space for red candies is: S={0R6B, 1R5B, 2R4B, 3R3B, 4R2B, 5R1B, 6R0B} P(no more than two) = P(0R6B) + P(1R5B) + P(2R4B)
Therefore the solution is .37. ________________________________________________ Or use the complement. P(no more than two) = 1 - [P(3R3B) + P(4R2B) + P(5R1B) + P(6R0B)] = .37 Therefore the solution is .37.
Homework Problems
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The answer is B:
Both events have a common outcome, namely the 5. Since two events are NOT mutually exclusive.
the
Go Back to Lesson
Student #2:
The answer is A:
Solution: If you draw one card from a deck of cards, can it be a black card and a diamond? No, these two events can not happen at the same time, so they are mutually exclusive events. Therefore the events are mutually exclusive. Go Back to Lesson
Student #3:
If A & B are not ME, then they will be able to happen at the same time. means a 3 is rolled, AND the sum is 10. (3, ?), 3+? has a sum of 10?
This requires the number 7 on the second dice, but 7 is not on a dice. Therefore A & B are mutually exclusive events. Go Back to Lesson
The answer is C:
The sample space for getting the wrong jacket is: S={0 wrong, 1 wrong, 2 wrong, 3 wrong, 4 wrong, 5 wrong}
P(1 wrong) or P(2 wrong) or P(3 wrong) or P(4 wrong) or P(5 wrong) Remember the word or means add. P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(4) + P(5) This requires quite a bit of work. What is the only thing in the sample space that is not used? The unused part of the sample space is P(0), which is zero wrong jackets. So you can either calculate: P(1) + P(2) + P(3) + P(4) + P(5), or use the complement 1 - P(0).
|S| = ?
There are 5! ways to give out 5 jackets. Since the first person has 5 ways to receive a jacket, the second person then has 4 ways to receive a jacket, etc. There is only 1 way to return no wrong jackets. If there are no wrong jackets, that means everyone has the right jacket. The 1 way to do that is to give everyone the correct jacket. So, there are 1/5! ways for no wrong jackets to occur.
P(at least one wrong jacket) = 1 - P(no wrong jackets) = = .99 Therefore the solution is .99.
Go Back to Lesson
Student #5:
The answer is B:
Solution: Let A be the event of listening to Kcob 96 Let B be the event of listening to Coast 109 The probability of not listening to A or B is: