"Fascism did not even what he has achi eved capitalism" "Even Fascism got what capitalism has

achieved" t he historian Josep Fontana reviews the evolution of the West since the end of Wo rld War II 'For the good of the empire "and concludes that this crisis is the re sult of neoliberalism unleashed for 40 years Today is an important day for quest ioning. Why are the rights of workers have been on tenterhooks for the past four years? What happened in the last 50 years in the world? What happened to fair d istribution and social cohesion? Is this economic crisis is an isolated occurren ce or the consequence of unbridled rapacious attitude or rules? How have conquer ed the richest sovereignty? It is a convenient day to throw all matters of histo ry, waiting for a rebound lucidez.Es easy to trust the skills of history to clar ify this, if he is Josep Fontana lights (Barcelona, 1931). From the first page of For the good of the empire. A world history since 1945 (just released by the pub lisher Past and Present) the author recognizes that the work, which has spent th e last 15 years, has its origin in the frustration of not achieving a better wor ld the false promises that his 14 years with the World War II ended, they had be en released. "We ensured, among other things, all men of all countries free exis tence without fear and poverty. When you have already served 70 years on those p romises, frustration can not be greater," says this historian, teacher of histor ians , entenderel essential reference for nineteenth century and now the twentie th Six decades later, Germany again dominate Europe and the United States sees C hina threatens their hegemony. Why a nineteenth century historian analyzes the e vents of the second half of the twentieth century and includes in this dramatic study of nearly 1,300 pages, the last hour of this economic crisis? "For a histo rian, the first thing to do is be open, and interested me much more than the nin eteenth century. When I started writing the book, teaching at the University mun docontemporneo was very low and rather poor. I wondered what ticipated had to wha t was then promised to be a bright future no fruit set, "says this peridico.Recon oce that the crisis of 2008 opened the eyes of many, because they understood tha t" it was a phenomenon of a much larger scale. " So added to read several newspa pers a day is necessary to understand the world you live. "How can you understan d the nineteenth century if you do not understand today's world?". "Since the se venties we lived an involution, which broke with the evolution that began with t he crisis of the thirty," he says. "Much of the social concessions were achieved by the dominant groups fear that massive popular unrest provoked a revolutionar y threat to tear down the system," describes Fontana. "It's been 70 years of the promises of World War II and today there is only frustration, "" From the seven ties, the rich lose their fear. And today, what revolution will fear the bankers ? have lost their fear, and trigger global impoverishment and enrichment of thei r group. Because it is unequal crisis, which affects only the poorest, "he says. To demonstrate this point to the benefits achieved by groups such as Citigroup or the luxury conglomerate LVMH (Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton "The ruling classes have always lived with ghosts: the Jacobins, the Carbonari, the Freemasons, ana rchists, communists. They feared a dark forces that thrived for one day change t he world and take away everything. They were ghostly threats, but the fears were real, "he explains. With those fears workers got government grants, and the rul ing classes to maintain social order. Elprimero to introduce measures of social insurance in Europe was, precisely, Bismarck, with the aim of calming the achiev ements nimos.Siglo So, for the teacher, the factor that triggers the critical pha se, now spanning the welfare state is loss of fear of the ruling classes to a po pular revolt. Until the seventies lived allow the momentum ti equitable sharing of its fruits and freedoms some progress. "" The model built in Europe as a result of century of social struggles was destroyed. Fascism did not even what he has achieved capitalism, "sentencia.La proof is that" there is a time when the threat of revolution and communist subversive and powerful ther e are no longer understand that threat. "Such intimidation for Fontana, allowed to transform European society from the French Revolution to the seventies of the twentieth century. Precisely, one of the key ideas of the work of unprecedented ambition in Spanish historiography Esla creation of the economic apparatus of b

usiness organizations that are come together to stand up to the stirring "The so cial concessions were achieved by the fear of massive popular discontent and rev olutionary" President Jimmy Carter achieved the first victories for the rich, pr eventing the creation of an agency to protect consumers, " one of the things the y most fear, "and prevents unions live with independence with which until then h ad worked." Democrats are beginning to receive support from employers, previousl y received money especially the unions, "explains . "With Reagan becomes the fir st tax cut and the first battles with the unions. Mrs. Margaret Thatcher will fi ght against the miners' union, "says Elaborating on the idea of social control, he said that" fascism arose in times when it seemed that the ability of capitalism to continue to maintain internal law and order was failing " . That is, it appe ars as a stopgap measure against the danger of social breakdown. "Put in some wa y: Roosevelt's New Deal is an alternative to fascism." Is the fear of fascism le ft field open for capitalism? "Yes but the things he has done what the covenant. "resignacin.La Against History is a call to action, the awakening of conscience as understood by Josep Fontana. claims to have learned from Vicens Vives, who be lieved that History served "to help make things work." In that sense, Fontana is a second opportunity for historians in these moments of disorientation. "Having missed the certainties of the models that economists like Greenspan, articulate d the future, we must ask historians what went wrong to mend certainties. "Warni ng: this function will only happen if you accept its critical function, if not d edicated to" supply the established order with legitimacy, which is what academi c historiography has done. "And he complains of the lack of accountability of sc ience:" Since 1945 this part, the historiography has focused on convincing peopl e that any attempt to change social norms leads to disaster, which is an incompa rable lesson of resignation. But that's not what history should do, at some poin t must move toward change. An ounce of sense can help change things. "" You have to ask historians what went wrong to mend certainty "that gram goes for not cre ating false hope to keep walking. Fontana prefer to see the situation to call ir reversible change. "We must fight against the crisis hypnosis, which suggests th at a short term phenomenon, which seremediar. But that has lasted over 40 years a nd has no easy remedy. The illusion that being frugal will happen is a hoax! Whe n Esperanza Aguirre argues that education can not be free for all during the cri sis, not thinking about the future rather than just education who receive pay. T he austerity measures will not achieve the five million unemployed in this count ry go back to find employment, "he says. Draw a picture really hard for the gene ration that is now 20 and 30," have no future. "The protest is inevitable. But t here are differences in these terms: "It's not like May 68. The protesters then finished integrating society. Protestors today have no possibility of integration. "Of course, it als o has words for the movements," fully justified "by global outrage. Although war ns that these movements should not become entrenched in the old anti-noise, beca use" generate fear in the same population. "" The only possibility of change at this time is in them, only they can make the system re-negotiated to allow a sit uation a little more fair, as there were between thirty and seventy, to return t o the less civilized conditions, "explains convinced. ti equitable sharing of its fruits and freedoms some progress. "" The model built in Europe as a result of century of social struggles was destroyed. Fascism did not even what he has achieved capitalism, "sentencia.La proof is that" there is a time when the threat of revolution and communism subversivadel and powerful t here are no longer understand that threat. "Such intimidation, for Fontana, allo wed to transform European society from the French Revolution to the seventies of the twentieth century. Precisely, ONE of the key ideas of the work of unprecede nted ambition in Spanish historiography Esla creation of the economic apparatus of business organizations that combine to stand up to the stirring "The social c oncessions were achieved by the fear of massive popular discontent and revolutio nary" President Jimmy Carter achieved the first victories for the rich, preventi ng the creation of an agency to protect consumers, "one of things they most fear , "and prevents unions live with independence with which until then had worked." Democrats are beginning to receive support from employers, previously received

money especially the unions, "he explains." With Reagan comes the first tax cut and the first battles with the unions. Mrs. Margaret Thatcher will fight against the miners' union, "says Elaborating on the idea of social control, he said that" fascism arose in times when it seemed that the ability of capitalism to continu e to maintain internal law and order was failing " . That is, it appears as a st opgap measure against the danger of social breakdown. "Put in some way: Roosevel t's New Deal is an alternative to fascism." Is the fear of fascism left field op en for capitalism? "Yes , kettles things it has achieved agreement. "resignacin.L a Against History is a call to action, the awakening of conscience as understood by Josep Fontana. claims to have learned from Vicens Vives, who believed that H istory served "to help make things work." In that sense, Fontana is a second opp ortunity for historians in these moments of disorientation. "Having missed the c ertainties of the models that economists, like Greenspan, articulated the future , should be asked to historians what went wrong to mend certainties. "Warning: this function will only happen if you accept its critical function, if not dedic ated to" supply the established order with legitimacy, which is what has made ac ademic historiography. "And he complains of the lack of accountability of scienc e:" Since 1945 this part, the historiography has focused on convincing people th at any attempt to change social norms leads to disaster, which is an incomparabl e lesson of resignation. But that's not what history should do, at some point mu st move toward change. An ounce of sense can help change things. "" You have to ask historians what went wrong to mend certainty "that gram goes for not creatin g false hope to keep walking. Fontana prefer to see the situation to call irreve rsible change. "We must fight against the crisis hypnosis, which suggests that a short-term phenomenon that will be remedied. But that has lasted over 40 years and has no easy remedy. The illusion that being frugal will happen is a hoax! Wh en Esperanza Aguirre argues that education can not be free for all during the cr isis, not thinking about the future rather than just education who receive pay. The austerity measures will not achieve the five million unemployed in this coun try go back to find employment, "he says. Draw a picture really hard for the gen eration that is now 20 and 30," have no future. "The protest is inevitable. But there are differences in these terms: "It's not like May 68. The protesters then finished integrating society. Protestors today have no possibility of integration. "Of course, it als o has words for the movements," fully justified "by global outrage. Although war ns that these movements should not become entrenched in the old anti-noise, beca use" generate fear in the same population. "" The only possibility of change at this time is in them, only make the system ellospueden again allow a situation t o negotiate for a fair Pocomam, as there were between thirty and seventy, to ret urn aunas at least civilized conditions, "explains convinced. A left frustrated never begin to understand why a history book was so present. He esperabamucho ov er Western civilization and that he feels that somehow, we've been ripped off." I come from a left frustrated several times. Frustrated Transition inthis countr y, because when we were in hiding expecting much more than the type of agreement that was then, "he says. Among the painful truths that we know from him is the history that is not even a continuous process of progress. History can not be us ed for propaganda purposes, he says. Does the Spanish Biographical Dictionary fa lls into that category? "The Dictionary is an example of the incompetence of tho se who tried to mount it and institutions such as the Academia.Lo has left is a sample of what the house can give: nonsense. For starters, the project itself is nonsense. Today it makes no sense to do that. There's no need. It's like making an encyclopedia, who now makes an encyclopedia? We are in a very different worl d, "and he continues to monitor and analyze