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|
+ = +
} }
dt V P f Q
V
Vol
dt
V
V
Vol
V
T c J
p pv lp cv
av
a a
lp
lp
av
a a
p pv
hp
hp
pt
p
WT
u q q
q
e
|
q
e
u q
|
q
u u
) (
Initialization
Initial wind turbine rotor velocity
_wt_0 = 8.57 rad/s for U(0) = 12.5 m/s
Set by initial angular momentum of the wind turbine
Initial circuit pressure
p_hp = 300 bar, p_lp = 5 bar
Set but initial compressed fluid volume
Initial motor rotor speed
_m_0 = 157.1 rad/s
Set by initial angular momentum of the motor &
generator and equivalent flow inertance
Total efficiency
Wind Turbine
Hydraulic pump
Hydraulic motor
}
}
=
dt t U A
dt t t T
air
WT WT
WT
3
) (
2
1
) ( ) (
e
q
}
}
A
=
dt t t T
dt t Q t P
WT WT
pump
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
e
q
}
}
A
=
dt t Q t P
dt t t T
WT WT
motor
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( e
q
}
}
=
dt t U A
dt t P t P
air
e ch out
3
arg
) (
2
1
) ( ) (
q
Circuit
}
} }
A
+ + A
=
dt t Q t P
dt t P t P t P dt t Q t P
SR comp friction
circuit
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
q
Simulation compared for different mean wind
speed (8->12.5 vs. 8 vs. 12.5 m/s) for 1000 sec
Tuning of Control Gains
Tuning by parameter sweeping
Ki : 0.0001 ~ 0.1
Kp : 0.0001 ~ 0.1
The control objective was best achieved at
Ki = 0.002
Kp = 0.03
Efficiency Comparison
Speed 8 -> 12.5 m/s 8 m/s 12.5 m/s
Type Variable Fixed Variable Fixed Variable Fixed
Total 32.3% 32.2% 21.1% 18.5% 35.6% 34.8%
Charge 90.6% 90.7% 75.9% 73.7% 95.0% 95.0%
Wind Turbine 45.1% 44.7% 37.3% 34.0% 46.7% 46.6%
Pump 98.6% 98.8% 99.0% 99.5% 98.4% 98.3%
Motor 88.9% 89.1% 81.9% 82.9% 91.9% 91.8%
Circuit 97.8% 96.7% 97.9% 94.6% 95.8% 94.6%
Miscellaneous 92.3% 93.5% 93.7% 94.7% 92.5% 92.2%