Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Reference (1/2)
[1] Wireless and Mobile Network ArchitecturesYBing Lin and Imrich ChlamtacWiley Computer Publishing [2] The Most Materials of this talk is summarized by the UMTS System Overview course held by the Informa Telecoms Ltd [3] GSM, cdmaOne and 3G SystemsRaymond Steele, Chin-Chun Lee and Peter GoludJohn Wiley & Sons, LTD.
2
Reference (2/2)
[4] WCDMA for UMTS, Radio Access For Third Generation Mobile CommunicationsHarri Holma and Antti ToskalaJohn Wiley & Sons, LTD.
Outlines
Introduction System Architecture WCDMA in UMTS UTRA UMTS User Plane vs. Control Plane Mobility Management Summary
Introduction
EDGE 473kbps GSM Phase 1 GSM Phase 2 GSM GPRS 171.2kbps UMTS WCDMA 2Mbps R99~R4 UMTS HSPA 10Mbps LTE 10Mbps LTE Advanced 1Gbps R10
5
IMT-2000
International Telecommunication UnionITU 1980 3G
FPLMTSFuture Public Land Mobile Telecommunication Systems IMT-2000International Mobile Telecommunications-2000
3G ITU (International Telecommunication Union) WARC (World Administrative Radio Conference), ITU 1986 , (Global Personal Telecommunication) . . 1992 (WARC-92), 2GHz 3G , ITU 3G IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telephony 2000). IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunications in year 2000 IMT-2000 3G2000, 3G 2000 MHz, 2000K bps WARC , 3G , air interface (WCDMA). ( PCS ), WCDMA, ( , , ).
Vision IMT-2000
2Mbps 3Km/hr384Kbps120Km/hr 144Kbps
7
(requirement) . IMT 2000 , : 144 kbps 3G , 384 kbps 2048 kbps 9600 bps IMT-2000 (terminal) . , , operators arrangements. Global roaming terminals.
Spectrum Assignment
3GPP
Be founded at 1999 The 3rd Generation Partner ship Project Project Coordination Group (PCG) 4 Technical Specification Groups (TSGs):
Radio Access Network (RAN) TSG Core Network TSG Service and System Aspects TSG Terminals TSG
9
3GPP ARIB (Japan), CWTS (China), ETSI (Europe), TI (USA), TTA (Korea) and TTC (Japan), GSM Association, UMTS Forum, IPv6 Forum, UWCC. 3GPP project coordination group (PCG) . specification 3GPP 4 TSG : Radio Access Network (RAN) TSG: radio . 1999 Release-99, UTRA air interface specification. 3GPP , Release-99 UMTS spec. Core Network TSG All IP network Service and System Aspects TSG: 3G service. Terminals TSG: . TSG working group, spec.
Beginning of UMTS
From 1988 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) at 1999 Rel. 99 ~ Rel.8, Rel. 9, Rel. 10
RACE I RACE Basic II studies ATDM A CODIT 1988 1992 ACTS/FRAMES ETSI ETSI Decision: Release-4 Release-5 FMA1: WTDMA Concept WCDMA for FDD Release-6 FMA2:WCDMA groups operation
1995
1997
1998
1999
3GPP
Release-99
3G : 1988 , RACE I (Research of Advanced Communication Technologies in Europe) program, 3G . 1992-1995 RACE II CDMA-based CODIT (Code Division Tested) TDMA-based ATDMA (Advanced TDMA Mobile Access) air interface proposal . 1995 , ACTS(Advanced Communication Technologies and Services) . ACTS , FRAMES (Future Radio Wideband Multiple Access System) project, RAS (radio access system) proposal. Nokia, Siemens, Ericsson, France Telecom, CSEM/Pro Telecom . , FRAMES proposals: Wideband TDMA (FMA1) Wideband CDMA (FMA2) ETSI, UMTS Air Interface . 1996-1997 , proposals ETSI, UMTS UMTS UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) candidates. 1997 7 , ETSI proposals : WCDMA, WTDMA, TDMA/CDMA, OFDMA, ODMA. ITU-R IMT 2000 , ETSI proposals , 1998 1, ETSI WCDMA UTRS (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) air interface. licensed paired bands, FDD. spectrum TDD . 1999 , 3GPP , ETSI 3GPP . UMTS specification , 3GPP. ETSI 3GPP, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 1999 3GPP specification: Release-99. , UTRA. 2000 WCDMA TDD IS-41 , cdma2000 GSM core network . Rel99=Release 3 ATM-based Iub, Iur, IuCS, IuPS for QoS. Release 4 Circuit Switched domain, Softswitch Signal Media MSC MSC Server SignalMedia Gateway Media IPIP Telephony Release 5 Packet Switched Domain real-time multi-media GPRS IP HSDPA core network IMS. Release 6 Wireless LAN GSM, HSUPA, , Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast ServicesMBMS 20085, 3GPP study team LTE Advanced, IMT-2000 Advanced . IMT-2000 Advanced ITU radio access .
Characteristics in UMTS
High voice quality High spectrum efficiency, bit rate up to 2Mbps QoS Enhanced security mechanism, using mutual authentication and 128-bit encryption multi-access service 3G-324M video call video 11 telephony
Coexistence of 2G and 3G systems and inter-system handovers for coverage enhancements and load balancing Support of asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic
12
Variable bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand Multiplexing of services with different quality requirements on a single connection Delay requirements from delay-sensitive real-time traffic to flexible best-effort packet data Quality requirements from 10% frame error to 10-6 bit error rate
3G UMTS
Rel. 99 or Rel. 3
Bearer Services - CSD64 kbps - PSDPeak data rate 2 Mbps Main Technologies - WCDMA - UTRA FDD/TDD 3.84 Mcps - ATM-based UTRAN - Alternative IP-based signalling bearer
Rel. 5
Rel. 4 HSDPA
Bearer Services - CSD64 kbps - Peak data rate DL: 14.4 Mbps UL: 384 kbps - Average Capacity DL: 4 2.5 Mbps/cell UL: 4 1 Mbps/cell - RTT: 40-60 ms Main Technologies - ALL IP core network - IP multimedia subsystem - IP RAN - HSDPA: 16QAM HARQ
Bearer Services - CSD64 kbps - PSDPeak data rate 2 Mbps Main Technologies - TD-SCDMA 1.28 Mcps - IP telephony MSC server & Media Gateway
13
1982 CEPT Group Spcial Mobile, 1990 Phase 1 GSM 900 , DCS 1800. 1991 First system GPRS 1994 ETSI/SMGthe European Telecommunications Standards Institute / Special Mobile Group. 1997 SMG#25 (25SMG), , 1999 . 1988 , RACE I (Research of Advanced Communication Technologies in Europe) program, 3G . 1999 , 3GPP , ETSI 3GPP . UMTS specification , 3GPP. R99 (Rel-3) WCDMA, UTRAN ATM QoS . GSMSS7IP-based(i.e., SIGTRAN) Rel-4Rel-3(UTRANLCS )TDDTD-SCDMA IP, IP TelephonyRel-4MSCMSC serverMGWcontrolbearer Rel-5 ALL IP core network (High Speed Downlink Packet Access, HSDPA) . IMS(IP Multimedia Subsystem) IP-based UTRAN IP, ATM . so R99 user traffic ATM AAL5 . Rel-5 UTRAN user traffic IP , Iu-PSIP, ATM . Notice, ATM IP , user traffic (UDP/IP) .
Rel. 7
HSPA Evo (step 1)
Theoretical QoS - Peak data rate DL: 28 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps - Average Capacity DL: 4 6.5 Mbps/cell UL: 4 2 Mbps/cell - RTT: 25-35 ms Main Technologies - Direct Tunnel - 64 QAM - MIMO - Flat architecture - Handover Support - Higher number of RNC IDs
Rel. 8
HSPA Evo (step 2)
Theoretical QoS - Peak data rate DL: 42 Mbps UL: 11.5 Mbps - Average Capacity DL: 4 6.5 Mbps/cell UL: 4 2 Mbps/cell - RTT: 25-35 ms Main Technologies - 64 QAM + MIMO
LTE/SAE
Theoretical QoS - Peak data rate DL: 173 Mbps UL: 58 Mbps - Average Capacity DL: 36 Mbps/cell UL: 18 Mbps/cell - RTT: 10-20 ms Main Technologies - OFDM based - SC-FDMA in UL - Up to 44 MIMO - Dynamic LA - Flat architecture - IP backhauling
14
WCDMA/HSPA For operators with 3G spectrum Broad terminal eco system High data security and QoS Quick and cost-effective upgrade of existing networks Seamless 2G/3G handover global coverage, global roaming Proven technology HSPA Evo Possible evolution step for HSPA Increased spectral efficiency, same latency as HSPA Used in 3G spectrum MIMO terminals requiredMIMO + SW upgrades for infrastructure LTE Mainstream; 3G evolution leverage large installed 3G base Utilizes 2G and 3G spectrum efficient re-farming with flexible bandwidth Broad terminal eco system expected Highest capacity, lowest latency Very flat and IP based architecture
GSM UMTS . .
System Architecture
16
Iu
3G
MSC/VLR D Gs Gr
GMSC
D
HLR
Gc
GGSN
Internet
Gi
Core Network
External Network
RNC controls RMM (ex: handoff) System Architecture of were originally handled by which 3GPP Release 99 GPRS SGSN.
17
Release 99 UMTS . UMTS , 3 : UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial RAN): radio , WCDMA, FDD/TDD Core network: ( interworking), . User Equipment: air interface user . Release 99 UMTS GPRS Release 99 radio network core network Radio network radio GPRS SGSN radio RNC handoff radio resource management (RMM) RNC , RNC , RNC BSC RNC Iur soft handoff VLR CS domain MSC , PS domain, SGSN .
18
UMTS interface. Cu: USIM ME Uu: UE Node B Iub: Node B RNC Iur: RNC RNC Iu: UTRAN CS
19
PSTN/ISDNInternet Core Network , Intelligent network : HLR MSC/VLR circuit-switched (CS) . GMSC UMTS PLMN CS domain . SGSN MSC/VLR, circuit-switched (PS) domain . GGSN GMSC, PS domain . GPRS UMTS, core network SGSN MSC . SGSN MS ( MM PDP Context ). core network HLR ( HLR packet domain subscription date), VLR GGSN ( , PDP contexts) .
In the CS domain, an Mobile Station (MS) is identified by IMSI and TMSI. In the PS domain, an MS is identified by IMSI and P-TMSI.
20
Core Network (CN) circuit-switched (CS) service domain (i.e., PSTN/ISDN).CS. packet-switched (PS) service domain (i.e., Internet, IP).PS(Mobility Management, MM)(Session Management, SM) CS domain , IMSI TMSI MS. PS domain , IMSI P-TMSI MS.
21
User Equipment (UE; MS 3G ), Uu radio interface WCDMA Node B . Mobile Equipment (ME) : Uu . UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM): smart card, , . UMTS UE : PS/CS mode UE: GPRS Class A MS. (MS CS PS connection.) PS mode UE: GPRS Class C MS. ( PS connection) CS mode UE: CS domain. UMTS GPRS Class B MS ( CS PS connection ).
UTRAN
RNS (Radio Network Sub-system)
Consists of one RNC and several Node Bs
Node B
channel coding, interleaving, rate adaptation, spreading... some radio resource management (ex: inner loop control)
RNS
UTRAN RNS (Radio Network Sub-system) . RNS RNC Node B. RNC Node B Iub interface . RNC IuPS interface SGSN , IuCS interface MSC . Node B, Base station, Uu Iub L1 , channel coding interleaving, rate adaptation, spreading . BTS, Node B radio resource management, inner loop power control. Node B(Cell) sectored Node BNode B13 (3-sector traffic load) RNC Node B , service access point Core Network. RRC (Radio Resource Control) RNC (i.e., ). Node B Downlink orthogonal codes RNC . Note: RRC UE UTRAN message procedure. RRC L1 L2 entities , (MM, CM, SM) , UE mobility (measurement, handover, cell update). RNC RNCs Iur interface . Note: GPRS/GSM BSCs . IuCS, IuPS, Iub, Iur interface ATM , QoS.
Characteristics of UTRAN
Support of UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio interface) and all the related functionality Maximization of the commonalities in the handling of PS and CS data Maximization of the commonalities with GSM Use of the ATM transport as the main transport mechanism in UTRAN
CS domain: AAL2 (constant delay, variable bit rate) is used to convey voice data (or video, circuit type data). PS domain: AAL5 is used (not delay sensitive, variable bit rate) to convey packet23 typed data, including signaling and packet data.
UTRAN ( UTRAN ): UTRAN radio interface , soft handover WCDMA Radio Resource Management algorithms. UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access, 3GPP Radio Access Network UTRA standardization. UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access. PS CS domains , , air interface protocol stack (Uu) UE, Iu CN. GSM ATM UTRAN bearer. AAL2 (constant delay, variable bit rate) voice data (or video, circuit type data). AAL5 (not delay sensitive, variable bit rate) packet-typed data, signaling packet data.
CRNC Node B
CN, handover,
Iu
Controlling RNC (CRNC) Serving RNC (SRNC) Drift RNC (DRNC) data routing
(b)
Iu Iub Node B SRNC Node B UE Node B DRNC Node B Node B Iur UE Node B DRNC Node B Iur Iub Node B SRNC
(c)
Iu
(d)
Iu Iub Node B RNC Node B Iur UE Node B SRNC Node B 24
RNC , CRNC, SRNC, DRNC. CRNC: RNC Node B , CRNC. cells load and congestion control. UE , admission control code allocation. UE UTRAN , handover, RNC , RNC : SRNC: UE UTRAN , CN , CN RANAP RNC, SRNC. SRNC RRC signaling . SRNC air interface L2 , Radio Access Bearer air interface transport channel , handover decision, outer loop power control. Note: RNC CN RANAP connection. DRCN: UE , UE RNC, SRNC , DRNC. DRNC data routing, macro-diversity combining and splitting. DRNC L2 , UE transport channel , Iub, Iur . UE SRNC, 0 DRNC. inter-RNC soft handover , (a) UE SRNC . (b) UE soft handover RNC , SRNC combine , DRNC. (c) UE , Node B .
RNC1
RNC2
RNC1
RNC2
LA1,RA1
LA2,RA2
LA1,RA1
LA2,RA2
UE
UE
(a)
(b)
(1) packet core network link (2) RNC1 (3) SRNC packet RNC (4) MS RNC2 SRNC. (5) PDP context (6) RNC1 link.
25
SRNC Relocation: (1) packet core network link, (2) RNC1 , (3) SRNC packet RNC (4) MS RNC2 SRNC. (5) PDP context (6) RNC1 link.
26
RNC1SRNC, RNC2UE , SRNC Relocation. UE . Step1: RNC1 SGSN 1 SRNC Relocation (Relocation Type, Cause, Source ID, Target ID ) . Step2: SGNS1messageRNC2SGNS2, Target RNC id, transparent information field, IMSI, MM context, PDP contexts. Step3: SGSN2RNC2, Target RNC id, transparent information field. RNC2 Iu, RNC IP address, TEID SGSN2 . Step4: SGSN2 IuSGSN2SGSN1. Step5: SGSN1 RNC1 RNC1 Relocation. Step6: RNC1 RNC2 UESequence Number RNC1T3-TUNNELUE RNC2 Step7: RNC2SGSN2. Step8: RNC2UERNC2 RLCUE UE RNC2. Step9: ( Step7 ) SGSN2 Relocation DetectSGSN. SGSN2 GGSN, UE , PDP context. Step10: ( Step8 ) RNC2 SGSN2 Relocation. Step 11: SGNS2 SGSN1 Relocation. Step 12: SGNS1 RNC1 radio link. Step 13: RNC1 RNC2 SGSN, RA, Routing Area Update.
Time
27
, , GSM IS-95, air interface . , , . , WCDMA . power control softer/soft handover, 2G/3G . WCDMA , frame length, bandwidth, variable bit rate, code power .
Duplex Modes
UTRA FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) Mode
Paired separate frequency bands Duplex separation is 190 MHz For low data rate, wide cell area DS-CDMA Uplink and downlink in the same frequency band Guard period is needed. For higher data rate, small cell area TD-CDMA
28
WCDMA FDD (uplink/downlink 5 MHz) TDD ( IMT2000 ) . FDD . FDD TDD, base station . FDD (Frequency Division Duplex): ITU FDD1920-1980 MHz21102170 MHz FDD/5 MHz/ 190 MHz FDD(DS-CDMA) A DUPLEX SEPERATION of 190 MHz is used to avoid interference between the two signals. FDD is better suited to covering wide areas with lower transmission rate. FDD(Soft Handover) FDD1500 Hz TDD (Time Division Duplex): TDDTDMACDMATD-CDMA To avoid overlap between uplink and downlink from propagation delays, a GUARD PERIOD is allocated. TDD is suitable for small cell areas where higher data rates can be provided. TDD(Hard Handover) TDD
WCDMA : WCDMA wideband Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access. , CDMA spreading code quasi-random bits ( chips, 3.84Mchips per second), 5 MHz . DS-CDMA 1 MHz , IS-95 1.25 MHz, narrowband CDMA . , multipath diversity. carriers interference, 4.4 MHz - 5 MHz . WCDMA Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) . 10 msec frame, , . frame, data rate. throughput, . WCDMA FDD (uplink/downlink 5 MHz) TDD ( IMT2000 ) . WCDMA , IS-95 GPS , . . WCDMA pilot symbol common pilot, (coherent detection) uplink downlink . IS-95 downlink, WCDMA uplink capacity coverage. , CDMA , smart antenna, multiuser detection, capacity coverage. WCDMA GSM handovers.
Data
1 -1 1 -1
Spreading
Spreading code Spreading signal
Despreading
1 -1 1 -1
1 8 -1 -1 1
Spreading code
-8
30
BPSK, bit sequence rate R. Spreading code data , spreading signal. spreading , bit spreading code (i.e., sequence of 8 bits, ( chips)). chip rate =8R. spreading factor = 8. receiver , , despreading, spreading code equivalence, data. BS , user summation, .
Desired signal
Spreading code Spreading signal Data after spreading Data after integration
-8
Other spreading code Other data after spreading Other data after integration
31
MS , , code despreading, power. BS signal, depreading 1 or 1. code despreading, data bit , 8 1, 1 , 0 8, 1/8, 1. MS code despreading, data bit , 1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,1, , 0 , 0, 1/8, 0, BS , .
Multipath Propagation
1. , , time delay , . WCDMA chip 0.26 s (for 3.84Mcps), path 78m , delay 0.26us, IS-95 300m . , , , slow fading. 2. Fast fading, signal cancellation. path , , . , (ex: GSM 900 MHz, 0.33m) , , fast fading. WCDMA : 1. delay position, Rake fingers (correlation receivers) . 2. Rake receiver fast power control 3. strong coding and interleaving and retransmission protocol, redundancy time diversity.
Combined symbol
Modified with the channel estimate
Rake receiver 3 Rake finger ( phase amplitude). WCDMA pilot symbols , , phase rotator. , . maximal ratio combining (MRC).
I Q
Combiner
Matched filter
34
CDMA Rake receiver block diagram. Path diversity and RAKE receivers Path tracking Path selection Path combination Code generator Correlator despreading and integration . phase rotator delay . Combiner finger . Matched filter channel multipath delay profile.
36
37
(admission control) WCDMAUE admission control UE 3GPP Radio Access NetworkCore NetworkService Network . Power control UE Node B . Handover control handoff . Channelization Code Allocation: UE code spreading. Load control Packet Scheduling
Power Control
Open loop power control
UEradio link UENode B near-far effect UE2
broadcast UE 2 Node B
Inner loop power control or fast loop power control Outer loop power control
UE 1
38
Interference limited system Power control: Gracefully degradation WCDMA power control . uplink power control, uplink power control, , cell (block), power control, UE , system capacity. WCDMA power control 1500 , IS-95 800 , fast. BS, power bit rate. power control, power , , BS cell , solution bit rate ( service ). , downlink power . BS power , user cell , user power . . admission control microcell/macrocell, load BS. cell breathing uplink , BS loading (not overloading), , link budget , new user BS, BS , so cell range is short than before at this time. , BS UE , (UE ), Node B UE (uplink) power, connected UE . SIR , coverage area . coverage area unconnected UE, , blocked.
P2 Node B UE2
UE1
Node BUE Node B UE SIR target SIR measured SIR > target SIR BS UE power measured SIR < target SIRBS UE power 39
UE1 UE2 , spreading code . UE1 cell path loss , UE2 BS. UE1 UE2 power control, power , UE1 UE2 . near-far problem of CDMA. BS . Open-loop power control UE , UE Node B common channel , channel, Node B UE power power control. UE , power. open-loop power control. RACH CPCH. Open-loop power control (), downlink beacon signal , path loss, . WCDMA uplink downlink , uplink/downlink fast fading . open-loop power control UE power setting. Fast closed-loop power control . uplink, BS (1.5kHz) Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR), target SIR . measured SIR > target SIR, BS UE power; measured SIR < target SIR, BS UE power. path loss fast Reyleigh fading , , so fast. Note: power cell. Node-B TBC=0/1 UE power. Uplink, inner close loop power control UE uplinkNode-BSIR (Signal-to-Interference Ratio)QoS closed-loop power control downlink. downlink, cell UE, BS , Rayleigh fading, UE BS .
Frame reliability information SIR target adjustment commands UE1 target SIR
RNCFER Frame Error Rate SIRNode B Node BSIR inner loop power control
40
RNC
Node B
RNC Node B Frame BER ( soft handoff, RNC BER), BER target SIR setpoint, Node B. Node B SIR setpoint , fast power control. radio link connection, uplink frame error rate (FER), bit error rate (BER) , Node B (RNC ) target SIR setpoint , power. target SIR , , multipath , . target SIR setpoint (power), , (FER) . , , target SIR , FER (ex: bit error rate <0.1% codec ). Outer loop power control RNC . RNC Node B loop, outer ( ) loop; Node B UE inner loop. BS frame CRC check frame reliability indicator, RNC . , RNC NBAP BS target SIR setpoint. RNC , handoff, CRC check, soft handover combining .
Handovers in WCDMA
Softer handover Soft handover Inter-frequency hard handover Inter-system hard handover
41
soft/softer handover closed-loop power control , soft/softer handover, near-far scenarios, power ( BS power control), cells ( power control). soft/softer handover WCDMA . soft handoff no conversation interruption is occurred soft/softer handover , WCDMA handovers: Inter-frequency hard handover BS . capacity, frequency BSs. Node B carriers, UE carrier hard handoff carrier. Hard handoff soft handoff timing measurement. Inter-system hard handover WCDMA FDD WCDMA TDD, GSM, Multi-carrier CDMA . 3G , UTRAN .
Softer Handovers
Sector 1
BS sectors ( frequency), softer handover. UE BS, UE ? Answer: soft handover , (Rake receiver) delay, rake receiver is at Node B, rake finger is at UE. air interface , (maximal ratio combining) Rake processing . Uplink air path, BS baseband Rake receiver (maximal ratio combining) . softer handover , path power control. 5-15% softer handover.
Soft Handovers
The same signal is sent from both BSs to UE1 except for the power control commands.
1st Node B
UE1
RNC
2nd Node B
43
BS ( frequency), soft handover. air interface , (maximal ratio combining) Rake processing . softer handover . Uplink , soft softer handover . uplink signal RNC . RNC frame reliability indicator ( outer power control) , frame, core network. 10-80ms ( interleaving). downlink RNC splitting, 3 instance, Node B, MS. path power control. handover SRNCDRNC, SRNC Node B (NBAP message) target SIR, DRNC target SIR. UE path power control , . 20-40% softer handover. soft handover, , : Node B Rake receiver channels. RNC Node B transmission links UE Rake finger. UTRA FDD CPICH (common pilot channel) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP): despreading, CPICH ( physical channel) signal code Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI): UTRS FDD Ec/No: RSCP/RSSI handover . spec operator power control SIR handover . soft handover , cell timing, Rake receiver combine BS . serving cell timing difference measurement, RNC. RNC target cell DCH timing .
Scrambling
Uplink: Separation of terminal Downlink: Separation of sectors (cells)
channelization code
scrambling code
Data
To transmit
44
spreading, scrambling. spreading ( channelization code) , scrambling ( scrambling code) . UE , scrambling BS (or cells), spreading . BS , scrambling UE , spreading DPDCH or DPCCH. Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)UEuser data physical layer, Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) UE control message physical layer. DPCCH DPDCH physical channel. Scrambling code uplink downlink Spreading/Channelization code Downlink: cells users . Uplink: DPDCH DPCCH. UE receiver, Scrambling code cells, channelization code . Node B receiver, Scrambling code UEs, channelization code user data control signals.
Scrambling Codes
The scrambling codes differentiate signals from different sources.
Downlink: use to distinguish cells Uplink: use to distinguish UEs
Generated by using Pseudo-Random number sequences known as a PN sequence. A sequence of binary numbers which appears to be random. Since UTRA uses different scrambling codes to separate users from cells, it is not necessary to be synchronous between BSs.
45
Channelization Codes
Transmissions from a single source are separated by chanelization codes.
Downlink: use to distinguish UEs Uplink: use to distinguish DPDCH and DPCCH
OVSF code tree, . , parent code c, SF, children (c,c) (c,-c), 2SF. c complement. , c=0110, -c=1010, c children (c,c) =01100110, (c,-c)= 01101010. channelization code : code (ex: 0110) , code root codes (ex: 0, 01) . branch code (ex: 01101001). Example: , DPCCH ( SF=256 OVSF code) ( TFCI DPDCH rate) bit rate DPDCH (SF 4 256) . chip rate=3.84Mbps, period , spreading code , . 8 chips , SF=4, 2 bits, SF=8, bit. SF=4, total bit rate 3.84Mbps/4 = 960 kpbs SF=256, total bit rate 3.84Mbps/256 = 15 kpbs
GSM
200 kHz 1-18 2 Hz or lower Network planning (frequency planning) Frequency hopping
IS-95
1.25 MHz 1.2288 Mcps Uplink: 800 Hz, downlink: slow power control Yes, typically obtained via GPS Possible, but measurement method not specified Not needed for speech only network Packet data transmitted as short circuit switched calls No supported by standard 49
5 MHz 3.84 Mcps 1500 Hz, both uplink and downlink Not needed Yes, measurements with slotted mode Yes, provides required quality of service Load-based packet scheduling Supported for improving downlink capacity
50
(User PlaneU-plane) (Control PlaneC-plane) U-plane C-Plane U-planeMACRLCPDCPBMC. MAC . C-planeMACRLCRRC U-plane Radio Bearer: air interface channel. Logic channel: SAP (service access point), GSM logic channel , . Transport channels: WCDMA physical channel. air interface . Physical channels , channelization code .
52
Access StratumAS
ATM Uuradio interface protocol IuASUTRAN
53
CM,MM,GMM,SM (3)
Non-Access Stratum
Iu
proto cols
CM,MM,GMM,SM (3)
Iu
proto cols
(2)
(2)
UE
Iu
CN
54
radio access, Non-access stratum. CM, MM, GMM, SM. core network resource . Connection Management (CM), (Mobility Management, MM)(Session Management, SM) Non-access stratum bypass Access Stratum, Access Stratum . control plane . user plane, UE< CN protocols. radio access, UTRAN , Access stratum. UE UTRAN Radio protocols, UTRAN CN Iu protocols. Access Stratum plane: User plane Control Plane. User plane involves process and protocols related to the signaling and the control of the data transport. Control plane involves process acting on the actual user data, including the data transfer itself. user data flow control user data signaling.
Iu Protocols
Access stratum UE
Radio Uu
UTRAN
Iu
CN
UuAS
55
UMTS GPRS Control Planes . PS domain. GPRS , MS SGSN LLC . UMTS LLC layer, SGSN radio . UMTS : Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol MS UTRAN ( radio resource ), Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) UTRAN SGSN . Mobility Management. GPRS SGSN MS . UMTS , SGSN MS MM context, MS RA-level location tracking, SGSN radio , UTRAN MM , UTRAN MS cell URA. SCCP Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) protocol, MS CN , UTRAN . RANAP serving RNC relocation, radio access bearer (RAB) management . GPRS UMTS , GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) protocol . UMTS GMM UMTS MM (UMM).
GTP-U UDP/IP L2 L1
MS
Application IP
UTRAN
3G-SGSN
3G-GGSN
IP
Relay
SNDCP LLC
Relay
SNDCP LLC
GTP-U
GTP-U
UDP IP L2 L1
MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
user plane. UMTS GPRS User Planes. GPRS, SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) MS SGSN LLC , NPDUs (Network Packet Data Units). UMTS , MS UTRAN RLC Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), IP packet RLC . GPRS SNDPC. UTRAN CN GTP-U (GTP for the user plane protocol) UDP/IP link (Iu link). MM signaling procedures , lost User data . Control plane user plane RLC/MAC .
RRC , UE ,
GC C-plane signalling
Nt
RRC
control
L3
Radio B earers PDCP PDCP
IP ,
control
control
control
RLC ,
control
L2/PDCP
BMC
L2/BM C
RLC
L2/RLC
MAC
Logical Channels M AC
L2/M AC
Transport Channels
58
PHY
L1
(Radio Interface Protocol)UMTS UERNC(Radio Link) UE OSI (Physical Layer) (Data Link Layer), MAC(Media Access Control)RLC(Radio Link Control)BMC(Broadcast/Multicast Control)PDCP(Packet Data Convergence Protocol). Control plane, RRC RLC ( Segmentation/Reassembly, Retransmission). User plane, RRC PDCP(IP, (IP Header)), BMC (broadcast), RLC. RLC transmission mode, user data IP header ( PDCP), broadcast ( BMC). (Network Layer), RRC(Radio Resource Control) RLCMACPDCPBMC. Channels MACRLC(Logical Channel) MAC(Transport Channel). (Physical Channel). Logic channel transport channel . Transport channel Physical layer, physical channel .
Channels
Radio Bearer: air interface channel. Logic channel: SAP (service access point), GSM logic channel , . Transport channels: WCDMA physical channel. air interface . Physical channels , channelization code .
59
Physical Layer
To support variable bit rate transport channels to offer bandwidth-on-demand service
Modulation/demodulation, spreading/despreading, error detection, FEC (Forward Error Correction), interleaving Closed loop power control, frequency and time synchronization, transport channel multiplexing/de-multiplexing, macro-diversity, soft handover.
60
UTRA , transport channel . Transport channel Physical layer, physical channel . Physical layer bit rate transport channel, bandwidth-on-demand . (connection) . UE AP , one physical channel transceiver/receiver . Physical layer: , , , FEC(Forward Error Correction)(Interleaving), (Closed loop), (chip, bit, slot, frame), (Transport Channel)(Coded composite), , macro-diversity, . WCDMA Node B
Receiver
Transport Ch. 2 Transport Block TFI Transport Block TFI Transport Ch. 1 Transport Block Transport Block TFI Transport Ch.2 Transport Block Transport Block
TFI
TFCI
Transport channel TFI (Transport Format Indicator) . TFI physical layer TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator), physical control channel . Transport channel , coding multiplexing, physical data channel . Receiver , Decoding demultiplexing, transport channel.
Transport Channel
Dedicated transport channel
Dedicated channel (DCH)
Service data (e.g., speech frame) and higher layer control frame (e.g., handover commands and measurement reports)
62
Transport channel : Dedicated transport channels common transport channels. Dedicated transport channels user , code. dedicate channel (DCH), data speech frame, higher layer control information handover commands, measurement report. WCDMA , frame data rate, GSM traffic channel (TCH), Associated control channel (ACCH). Common transport channels users , type. GSM , common channel packet data, downlink shared channel packet data. Common channel handover, fast power control.
63
Broadcast Channel (BCH): cell UTRAN (System InformationSI)UE cell random access codes, access slots, transmit diversity method . , low-end BCH, BCH low and fixed data rate, high power. Paging Channel (PCH): paging procedure , speech call, location area cells page . PCH , standby , paging receiver . paging . Random Access Channel (RACH): page, connection, initial system access, , . RACH low data rate, RACHPS Forward Access Channel (FACH): RACH accessFACH FACH low bit rate, power control, . , high bit rate FACH . FACHPSFACH Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH): RACH , packet-based user data ( packet-based user data FACH ). CPCH RACH CPCH fast power control, physical layer collision detection , CPCH status monitoring procedure. RACH 1-2 frames, CPCH frames. Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH): UEPS UEDSCHDCH DCHDSCHDSCH DSCH FACH DSCH fast power control, variable bit rate. DSCH , , Common transport channels RACH, FACH PCH , DSCH CPCH option. USCH (Uplink shared) channel TDD , for (uplink) dedicated user/control data.
Physical Channels
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH) Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) Paging Indication Channel (PICH) CPCH Status Indication Channel (CSICH) Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH)
64
transport channel physical layer physical channels . transport channel physical channel . SCH, CPICH, AICH CSICH, CD/CA-ICH CPCH , . DCH physical channels, physical layer control information data. DPCCH fixed rate, DPDCH variable rate. physical layer, radio frame 10 msec. paging procedure random access procedure, , 10 msec system frame.
2560 chips
DPDCH
Data TPC 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
10msec
65
UMTS , frame 15 slots. Uplink DPCCH, DPDCH , . channel , [3]. frame 15 slots. slot 666 us, GSM 577 us . DPCCH slot , pilot, TFCI, FBI, TPC. pilot channel estimation. TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator) , FBI (Feedback Information) BS closed loop transmission diversity . TPC (Transmission Power Control) BS power control commands. DPCCH slot , pilot TPC , . DPDCH . , SF=4 spreading code, slot 640 bits, total bit rate 960 kpbs. coding, 480 kbps data rate.
Priority handling (between data flows/terminals) Multiplexing/demultiplexing Ciphering Traffic volume monitoring
66
MAC MAC layer , logic channel transport channel. RRC transport channel Transport Format (TF), voice bit rate 12.2kbps, packet 384kbps, format UMTSQoS MAC(Transparent Mode)RLCMAC MAC . MAC RRC Traffic volume monitoring: MAC user data, report RNC. Access service class selection: MAC , Access service class selection ( 15 classes) Dynamic transport channel type switching
Logic Channel
Logic channel
Control Channel Traffic Channel
downlink: FACH, DSCH, DCH. uplink: CPCH, RACH, USCH, DCH, transport channel user data.
67
68
BCCH PCCH
DCCH
BCH PCH
CPCH
(FDD only)
RACH
Transport Channels
70
(Control Channel). . (BCCH, Broadcast Control Channel) (downlink) (PCCH, Paging Control Channel) (downlink) (CCCH, Common Control Channel) UECCCHRACH/FACH (bi-directional, one-to-many) (DCCH, Dedicated Control Channel) UE RNC(bi-directional, one-to-one) (Traffic Channel) downlink: FACH, DSCH, DCH. uplink: CPCH, RACH, USCH, DCH, transport channel user data. (DTCH, Dedicated Traffic Channel) UE(bi-directional, point-to-point) (CTCH, Common Traffic Channel) (downlink, point-to-multipoint), FACH.
Transparent Mode
Streaming Video
Only Segmentation/Reassembly
VoIP
RLC RRC
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RLC U-plane C-plane physical layer . (Segmentation/Reassembly)(Retransmission) control plan, radio linkRLC RRC RLC(Transparent Mode, Tr mode) (Unacknowledged ModeUM mode)(Acknowledge Mode AM mode)CRC(CRC RLC) (transparent mode)RLC RLC Streaming Video (unacknowledged mode) (ciphering)RLC (Sequence Number) VoIPRRC (acknowledge mode) ARQ(Automatic Repeat Request) Internet
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73
BMCPS (Broadcast)Multicast BMC UTRAN BMC BMC(Cell Broadcast Center, CBC) BMC RRC(FACH CTCH) (Scheduling)BMC BMC UEBMC RRC BMC
UE mobility management
74
RRCUEUTRANcontrol signaling, UE (MACRLCPDCPBMC) (Admission Control) (Handover Control)(Power Control) ( downlink outer and open loop power control), (Channelization Code Allocation) (Load Control)(Packet Scheduling) Ex: error rate, retransmission. UTRAN MM , UTRAN MS cell URA. programmer RRC, RRC Non-Access Stratum, cell system information. radio . paging, , cell page, paging timing, . UE connection message.
RRC State
UTRA RRC Connected Mode URA_PCH
out of service in service
CELL_PCH
out of service in service
GSM: Handover
CELL_DCH
CELL_FACH
out of service in service
GPRS Packet Idle Mode1 Camping on a UTRAN cell1 Camping on a GSM / GPRS cell1
Idle Mode
75
MM state PDP context state (SM) , RRC state radio management , MM state , SGSN wireless , resource . GSM MS RR connection, connected mode. RRC RRC states, user radio resource, radio resource . . GSM GPRS handover. UTRN cell GSM/GPRS cell. GPRA Packet Transfer Mode mode ( MM state). UTRAN RRC states idle/connected mode, connected mode 4 states (Cell_PACH, Cell_DCH, Cell_PCH URA_PCH), radio resource. Idle mode UE broadcast information, CS UE LA ID for CS domain, RA ID for packet domain (SGSN). UTRAN . Connect mode UE UTRAN CN RRC connection ( physical channel UE). MS , cell URA (Cell connected URA connected). Cell_PCH URA_PCH channel, RRC connections. , resource. Idle mode: , network, , UE Idle mode, UE RRC connection. , system information cell broadcast message. request. Idle mode , location update, UE Cell_DCH Cell_FACH.
RRC Procedure
The procedures in RRC idle mode (UE, network) RRC connection establishment (UE, network) Paging (network) Handover (UE, network) Power control (UE, network)
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77
UE power on ( idle mode) PLMN selection and reselection Cell selection ( RRC request) Cell reselection ( cell location update) Location registration and updating
Paging
Paging can be initiated by SRNC if UE is in IDEL mode. Paging can be initiated by the core network if UE is in Cell_PCH or URA_PCH states. Paging can be initiated by RNC if the RNC want to indicate a change of SIB.
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Paging : UE idle mode , core network (RANAP) paging. RANAP paging, location area , location area NodeB PCCH UE. UE Cell_PCH URA_PCH state , SRNC paging. paging UE Cell_FACH state, data transfer. RNC system parameter, SIB, . UE , page UE. Paging PCCH/PCH UE.
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Active set: UE Node-B . SRNC system information, Cells list. UE measurement reports. RNC link, UE new cell active set ( DCCH Active Set Update). , cell link. UE DCCH Active Set Update Complete.
CS domain handover, UTRAN Inter-Radio access system Handover Procedure GSM Handover procedure, UTRA RRC Connected Mode GSM Connected Mode . 6 GSM dedicate channel . WCDMA voice call , break (gap), GSM signal (), user , compressed mode. compressed: Reducing the data rate from the upper layers. () Lowering the spreading factor so that fewer chips are used to represent the same amount of data. bit rate , slots . . (ex: spreading factor , power , . Reducing the symbol rate by puncturing at the physical layer. 5 bits, 4 bits, .
Mobility Management
82
UMTS PS domain GPRS Mobility Management (GMM), UE . GPRS RA , SGSN UE RA. SGSN UE MM context. UE , SGSN, GGSN, UE PDP context. UMTS CS domain GSM LA , VLR MS LA. Non-access stratum , CM, MM, GMM, SM. MM. radio access, Non-access stratum. Connection Management (CM), (Mobility Management, MM)(Session Management, SM), UMTS PS (GPRS Mobility Management, GMM) GPRS_UMTS_MM.ppt UMTS location tracking. GMM UTRAN radio resource, e.g., handover.
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GPRS, SGSNMSMM stateready, standbyidle. UMTS, PMM-DETACHED, PMM-IDLE PMMCONNECTED, MM state machine. Mobility Management (MM) Messaging GPRS UMTS MS SGSN . SGSN Core Networks Nodes (HLR, VLR, GGSN) .
GPRS , GMM messages Gb Um interface . , LLC link MS SGSN MS signaling connection. UMTS , GMM message Iu Uu interface . UMTS signaling connection MS UTRAN RRC connection UTRAN SGSN Iu connection ( RANAP instance).
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GPRS UMTS , GSM Mobile Application Part (MAP) SGSN GSM . UMTS . , HLR Gr MSC/VLR Gs (BSSAP+ protocol BSS Application Protocol +). SGSNs GGSN GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) Gn interface . , GPRS GTP tunnel . tunnel tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID) , IP address UDP port number .
Location Tracking
In UMTS, the cells in an RA are further partitioned into UTRAN RAs (URAs). The URA and the cell of an MS are tracked by the UTRAN. URA cell cell cell cell LA URA RA URA
URA: UTRAN RA (for PS domain) RA: register area (for PS domain) big LA: location area (for CS domain)
MS, GPRS/UMTS cells (BTSs/Node Bs) groups. MS, MS cells MS radio link. CS domain , cells location areas (LAs). VLR MS LA. PS domain , cells routing areas (RA). RA LA . SGSN MS RA. UMTS , RA UTRAN RAs (URAs). UTRAN URA MS cell. ( LA RA) inactive user resource . state user, location update strategy. UE IDLE mode, CS domain, MSC/VLR LA. incoming call page UE. PS domain, SGSN RA ID (UTRAN UE data). UE CONNECTED mode, dedicated mode (RRC state=Cell_DCH, Cell_FACH, Cell_PCH), UTRAN UE, cell level. Cell_URA, UTRAN URA level .
MSC/VLR, SGSN UTRAN GSM, GPRS, UMTS , (i.e., cell, URA, RA, TA ). circuit switched domain , GSM/GPRS/UMTS MSC/VLR LA. packet switched domain , GPRS SGSN , RA cell. UMTS SGSN RA, UTRAN URA cell.
GPRS UMTS IMSI user Identity, GSM MAP signaling. GPRS, UMTS Radio network parameters radio resources UTRAN . GPRS BSS, UTRAN MS CN MM procedures . UMTS GPRS , SGSN GMM state translation , ( , ), procedure/parameter . RA Updating Procedure Step 1:MSRouting Area Update Request Follow on UMTS, Step 2: old SGSN new SGSN Inter-RNC data forwarding
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Session Management Procedure Security Service Request Procedure UMTS-GPRS Intersystem-Change Procedure
90
PSGMMGPRS AttachGPRS DetachSecurity Location Management ProcedureService Request ProcedureUMTS-GPRS Intersystem- Change Procedure PS attach procedurePSPS SGSN HLR(MM context)10-2 PS detach procedurePS attach procedure PS Security procedure(Authentication)(P-TMSI reallocationP-TMSI signature)(Ciphering) GSM challenge, 3G challenge . Location management procedure RA UpdateCombined RA/LA update Service request procedureUMTS paging UMTS-GPRS intersystem-change procedureGSM/GPRS/UMTS (dual-mode)GPRSUMTSIP Security procedure(Authentication)(P-TMSI reallocationP-TMSI signature)(Ciphering) GMMRA Update Procedure (Normal)(Periodic) Normal MSRARA Update Procedure
MS
UTRAN
new SGSN
old SGSN
GGSN
EIR
new MSC/VLR
HLR
old MSC/VLR
1. Attach Request 2. Identification Request 2. Identification Response 3. Identity Request 3. Identity Response 4. Authentication 5. IMEI Check 6a. Update Location 6b. Cancel Location
6c. Cancel Location Ack 6d. Insert Subscriber Data 6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 6f. Update Location Ack 7a. Location Update Request 7b. Update Location 7c. Cancel Location
7d. Cancel Location Ack 7e. Insert Subscriber Data 7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 7g. Update Location Ack
UE attach VLRTMSI
91
1: MSAttach Request (IMSI/P-TMSI, old RAI, classmark, Attach Type, , Follow On Request, ) SGSN Attach type(GPRS attachcombined GPRS/IMSI Attach) Follow on requestAttach Request Iu Follow on requestUMTS2.5G GPRS SGSNAttach RequestMS SGSNMSSGSN 2SGSN IMSI SGSNP-TMSIMM context MM context(SGSNMS) 6 7 SGSNMS 2 3 2: SGSNIdentification RequestSGSNMSIMSI MM contextSGSNMSSGSN 3 IMSISGSN 2IMSI 3 3: SGSNIdentity RequestMSIMSI 4~5: SGSNMS IMEI 6a~6f: SGSNMSMSSGSN SGSNUpdate LocationMSHLRSGSN( 6a)HLR SGSNCancel LocationSGSNMS(MM contextPDP Context)( 6b~6c)HLRInsert Subscriber DataMS (IMSI)SGSN( 6d~6e)SGSNMM context 7a~7h: 1Attach TypeCombined GPRS/IMSI AttachGs 7aSGSNVLRLocation Update RequestVLR CSIMSI AttachPSSGSN CS/PSGsSGSN 7b~7hCS 8: SGSNAttach Accept(P-TMSI, TMSI,)MS 9-10: P-TMSITMSIMSAttach Complete( 9)
MS
new SRNS
old SRNS
new 3G-SGSN
old 3G-SGSN
GGSN
new MSC/VLR
HLR
old MSC/VLR
SGSN IMSI, MM context UE 3. SGSN Context Response 5. SGSN Context Ack 6. SRNS Data Forward Command SGSN 7. Forward Packets 8. Forward Packets
9. Update PDP Context Request 9. Update PDP Context Response 10. Update Location
11a. Iu Release Complete 11. Cancel Location Ack 12. Insert Subscriber Data 12. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 13. Update Location Ack 14. Location Update Request 15a. Update Location 15b. Cancel Location
15c. Cancel Location Ack 15d. Insert Subscriber Data 15e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack 15f. Update Location Ack
UE RA update VLRTMSI
17. Routeing Area Update Accept 18. Routeing Area Update Complete 19. TMSI Reallocation Complete
92
1: MSRouting Area Update Request (old RAI, old P-TMSI Signature, Update Type, Classmark, PDP context status)SGSN Update Type(RA updateperiodic RA updatecombined RA/LA update)Follow On Request PDP context statusPDP context(ActiveInactive) Follow On RequestUMTS 2~2a: Inter SGSN RA Update ProcedureSGSN SGSN Context Request (old RAI, old P-TMSI Signature, New SGSN Address) SGSNMM contextPDP contextsSGSN MSold P-TMSI SignatureMSPMM P-TMSI SignatureMSPMM-IDLE 2a 3MS 3 P-TMSI SignatureMSPMM-CONNECTED( ) 2aRNCPDP ContextGTP (Sequence Number)PDCPRNC MSSRNS Context Response (IMSI, GTP-SNDs, GTP-SNUs, PDCP-SNUs)SGSN 3: SGSNSGSN Context Response (MM Context, PDP Contexts) MSMM context PDP contextsSGSNPDP context GTP-SNDGTP-SNU 4: SGSN RA Reject 5: SGSN 3SGSN Context Ack SGSNSGSNMS 6: MSPMM-CONNECTEDSGSNSRNS Data Forward Command RNC (Data Forwarding)
93
PS(i.e. GPRS Attach) (Session Management, SM)IPIPPS UMTSPSSGSN GGSN PS PSSGSNGGSN (PDP Context) PDP ContextPDP(PDPPDPPDP PDP(IP))APN(Access Point Name)QoS PDU(PDCP-SNDPDCP-SNU) PDP Context ActivationPDP Context Modification PDP Context DeactivationSecondary PDP Context Activation UMTSSecondary PDP Context(2.5G GPRSR99) Secondary PDP ContextIPAPN QoS(PDP Context)Rel-5IMS PDP Context #1(QoSInteractive)IMSPDP Context #2(QoSConversational)PDP ContextIP each UE 11 address. IP channels, QoS, second PDP context.
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UE MM attach, SGSN UE, PDP context activation. PDP active state. UE MM detach PDP Deactivate, PDP active state PDP inactive state. 1: UE (in PDP inactive state) Activate PDP Context Request (PDP Type, PDP Address, APN, QoS Requested, )SGSNPDP TypeIPIPv4IPv6PDP Address IPIP 3G/GPRSUEAPN APN emome APN QoS RequestedMSQoS(QoS ) 2: SGSNAPNDNS (Domain Name Server)GGSN Create PDP Context Request(PDP Type, PDP Address, APN, QoS Requested, )GGSNPDP Context PDP AddressIPGGSNIP GGSNCreate PDP Context Response (PDP Address, QoS Negotiated, Charging Id, Cause, )SGSN 3: SGSNCreate PDP Context ResponseRAB UTRANRAB 4: 3RABQoS( )SGSNUpdate PDP Context RequestQoSGGSN GGSNUpdate PDP Context Response 5: SGSNActivate PDP Context Accept (PDP Type, PDP Address, QoS Negotiated, )UEPDP AddressIP UE PDP active state.
95
1: UEActivate Secondary PDP Context Request (Linked TI, NSAPI, TI, QoS Requested, TFT) QoS RequiredQoS 2: SGSNUETIGGSN Create PDP Context Request (QoS Negotiated, TEID, NSAPI, Primary NSAPI, TFT)GGSNSecondary PDP ContextGGSNPrimary NSAPINSAPIPDP ContextAPN PDP ContextQoSCreate PDP Context Response (TEID, QoS Negotiated, Cause) 3: SGSNRABRAB 4: 3RABQoS( )SGSNUpdate PDP Context RequestQoSGGSN GGSNUpdate PDP Context Response 5: SGSNActivate Secondary PDP Context Accept (TI, QoS Negotiated, Radio Priority, Packet Flow Id)UE
UMTS Security
Mutual authentication
UMTS uses Quintet, f1-f5 algorithms
96
GSM: i.e.UEBTSAbis UEAUEA0()UEA1(128-bit Kasumi), UERNC. UEA1 128-bit Kasumi algorithm. AUTNUE challenge . integrity protection UERNCUIA , UIA0(128bit Kasumi).
UEAuC
Parameters in Quintet
Parameters predefined
K: secrete key (in USIM & AuC) AMF: Authentication and Key Management
98
VLR/SGSN RANDAUTH UE
SQN K
f1
f2
f3
f4
USINXMAC MAC
XMAC
Expected MAC
RES XRES
CK
IK
99
MS
SRNC
VLR/SGSN
1. RRC connection establishment including transfer of the HFNs START values and the UE security capability from MS to SRNC
, L3
1. Storage of HFNs START values and UE security capability 2. Initial L3 message with user identity, KSI etc. 3. Authentication and key generation
4 Decide allowed UIAs and UEAs 5. Security mode command (UIAs, IK, UEAs, CK, etc.)
RNC UE . .
7. Security mode command (CN domain, UIA, FRESH, UE security capability, UEA, MAC-I, etc.) 8. Control of UE security capability, Verify message, Start of integrity 9. Security mode complete (MAC-I, etc.)
VLR/SGSM UTRAN
.
Start ciphering/deciphering
10. Verify received message 11. Security mode complete (selected UEA and UIA) Start ciphering/deciphering
100
101
End-to-End Service
CN Bearer Service
Iu Bearer Service
Ref: 3G TS23.107
102
To realise a certain network QoS, a Bearer Service with clearly defined characteristics and functionality is to be set up from the source to the destination of a service. 103
104
It is the user that decides whether he is satisfied with the provided QoS.
105
Streaming class (one way transport, delay variation sensitive) Interactive class (e.g. interactive Email or interactive Web browsing) Background class (e.g. background download of Emails or background file downloading)
The most delay insensitive
106
PDP context , network UE QoS profile.QoS profile core network radio UE. QoS parameters, traffic class, maximum bit rate (kbps), guaranteed bit rate (Kbps), transfer delay (ms). QoS traffic class. Conversational and streaming class are real-time application. Interactive and background class are non-real-time.
Fundamental characteristics
Preserve time relation (variation) between information entities of the stream Conversational pattern (stringent and low delay ) voice
Destination is not expecting the data within a certain time Preserve payload content
Streaming video
Web browsing
Ref: 3G TS23.107
107
109
110
111
A QoS profile in the UMTS subscription describes the upper limits for the provided service. Default QoS profile(s) may be configured by the operator for the UMTS bearer services provided by the network .
112
113
Data
ALCAP(s) Signaling Bearer (s) Signaling Bearer (s) Physical Layer Data Bearer (s) Transport channel Physical channel 114
UTRAN terrestrial interfaces , . model plane, layer independent. layers: Radio Network Layer Transport Network Layer. Radio Network Layer UTRAN , Transport Network Layer , UTRAN . , Control plane, User Plane, Transport Network Control Plane, Transport Network User Plane. Control Plane UMTS , Iu RANAP, Iur RASAP, Iub NBAP. Signaling bearer AP . RANAP (Radio Access Network Application Part): core network UTRAN NBAP (Node B Application Part): RNC Node-B RNSAP (Radio Network Sub-system Application Part): RNC negotiated protocol. User plane: framing protocols for Iub and Iur; framing protocol for Iu-CS, Iu-PS.
115
User Plane
the Data Stream(s) the Data Bearer(s) for the Data Stream(s)
STC (Q.2150.1)
Ref: 3G TS25.420
118
Q.2630.1 SCCP (Q.711) MTP3-b (Q.2210) SSCF-NNI (Q.2140) SSCOP (Q.2110) M3UA (IETF draft 2/2000) SCTP (IETF draft 2/2000) IP (RFC 791, 1483, 2225) Q.2150.1 MTP3-b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5 ATM M3UA SCTP IP RLC (TS 25.322) MAC (TS 25.321) UP FP TS 25.427, TS 25.435 AAL 2 (I.363.2)
AAL5 (I.363.5)
119
Source: TS 25.420 V3.1.0 (2000-03), and re-draw by Tektronix
121
STC Q.2150.2 RLC (TS 25.322) MAC(TS 25.321) AAL 2 (I.363.2) SSCF-UNI (Q.2130) SSCOP (Q.2110) AAL5 (I.363.5) SSCF-UNI (Q.2130) SSCOP (Q.2110) AAL5 (I.363.5) ATM
RLC (TS 25.322) MAC (TS 25.321) UP FP TS 25.427, TS 25.435 AAL 2 (I.363.2)
122
Source: TS 25.430 (2000-03), and redraw by Tektronix
124
125
Summary
126
Summary
UMTS Architecture Wireless CDMA in UMTS User Plane Control Plane Mobility Management
127