Sagittarius 3: Two men playing chess

T h e w o r d t wo d e sce n d s f r o m t h e I n d o - E u r op e a n ( IE ) r o o t d wo - w h i c h me a n s t w o a n d f r o m w h i c h a re a l s o d e r i v e d t h e w o r d s du o , du e t,

e n t win e, t wi st , t wel ve , t wen t y, t wi n e, ba l a n ce, t wai n , b e t wee n, bi n a ry, co m b i ne , di p o l e, dip l o m a, du p l e x , du p l i c a te , do ub t , a n d du b i o u s . 1

T h e w o r d ma n i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h re e d i f f e r e n t I n d o - E u r o p e a n r o ot s. T h e w o r d i t s e l f d e s c e n d s f r o m t h e I E r o o t ma n -1 w h i c h m e a n s ma n a n d f r o m w h i c h a l s o d e s c e n d m an i ki n, ma n n eq u in , m en s c h, a n d M a n u. 2 T h e I E r o o t n e r-2 m e a n s m a n a n d i t s b a si c s e n s e i s v i g o r o u s , v i t a l, s t r o n g . 3 D e r i v a t i ve s o f t h i s r o o t i n c lu d e p h i la n de r, a n dro u s , t he p re f i x

a n dro - , a n d t h e s u ff i x - a n dry. T h e G r e e k a n e r w h i c h m e a n s m a n i s a l so
r e l a t e d t o t h i s r o ot . F i n a l l y, t h e I E r o o t w i - ro a ls o m e a n s m a n . 4 A m o n g i t s d e r i va t i v e s a re t h e w o r d s vi ri le , vi rt u e , wo rl d, a n d vi rt u o s o, a n d

we re wo l f .
T h e w o r d p l ayi ng de s c e n d s f r o m t h e IE r o o t d le gh - w h i ch m e a n s t o e n g a g e on e s e l f. 5 P a r o n y m s i n c l u d e i n du l ge , p le dge , p l i gh t, a n d re p l e vi n ( a n a c t i o n t o r e c o ve r p e r s on a l p r o p e r t y s a i d o r c l a i m e d t o b e u n l a w f u l l y taken).
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1 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, pp. 21 -2 2 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 51 3 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 58 4 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 101 5 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 21 6 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/replevin Starling Hunter 2011 1

T h e g a m e o f ch ess i s r e l a t e d t o t h e wo r d c h e c k w h i c h i n t u r n d e s c e n d s f r o m t h e I E r o ot t ke - , t o g a i n c o n t r o l o f , g a i n p o we r o v e r . 7 I t s p a r on y m s i n c l u d e s at rap , Xe rx e s , s ha h , c h e c k, ex c h e q u e r , a n d p a s ha . TH EMES : T h e r e i s a c l e a r a n t i t h e si s he r e o f d e f e a t o r LOS S a n d s u b s e q u e n t RECOVE RY . T h e g a me o f ch e s s i s a b oa r d g a m e f o r t w o p l a y e r s, e a c h b e g i n n i n g w i t h 1 6 p i e c e s o f s i x k i n d s t h a t a r e m o v e d a c c o r d i n g t o i n d i v i d u a l r u l e s , w i t h t he o b j e c t i v e o f c he ck m a t i n g t he o p p o si n g k i n g . 8 T h e w o r d c h e c km a t e m e a n s t o a t t a c k ( a c h e s s o p p on e n t ' s ki n g ) i n s u c h a ma n n e r t ha t n o e s c a p e o r d e f e n s e i s p o s si b l e , t h u s e n d i n g t h e ga m e a n d m o r e g e n e r a l l y , t o ut t e r l y d e fe a t . 9 A m o n g t h e p a r o n y m s o f p la yi ng i s re p le vi n , a n a c t i o n t o r e c o v e r p e r s o n a l p r op e r t y s a i d o r c l a i m e d t o b e u n la w f u l l y t a k e n . 10 I n t e r e st i n g l y , t w o o f t h e p a r o n y m s o f c h ess a r e s ha h ( i n t h e p a s t , t he k i n g i n I r a n ) a n d Xe rx e s ( t h e Ki n g o f P e r s i a i n t h e 5 t h ce n t u r y B C ) . O n e o f

t h e p a r o n y m s o f m en i s t h e w o r d M a n u w h i c h i n H i n d u i s m i s t h e p r i m o r d i a l father of the human race and sovereign of the earth who first instituted r e l i g i o u s c e r e m o n i e s a n d d e v i s e d a c o d e o f l a w s . 11 T h u s , a n o t h e r t h e m e c o n c e r n s r u l e r s b o t h e a r t h l y K I N G S a n d d i v i n e S OV ER EI G N S .

I t i s e a s y t o se e t he b r o a d o u t li n e s o f a s t o r y h e r e : a k i n g w h o i s d e p o s e d o r d e f e a t e d u n d e r t a k e s a c t i on t o r e c o ve r n o t on l y h i s l o s t p r o p e r t y b u t a l s o t h e s y m b o l s o f hi s ru l e r , e . g . h i s p r o p e r t y , h i s t h r o n e , h i s c a st l e , e t c .

7 Watkins, C. (2000), The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo European Roots, p. 92 8 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/chess 9 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/checkmate 10 http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/replevin
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http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/manu
Starling Hunter 2011 2