Submitted to:

Sohail Mohammad Ali

Instructor: Intro to Management MAJU

Submitted by:

Mahendar Lal
MBA (FA09-MB-0072)

INDEX
SR. #

TOPIC
INTRODUCTION NATURE OF WORK DESIGNATION STURCTURED PROBLEM UNSTRUCTURED PROBLEM (DESCRIPTION) REASONING UNPROGRAMMED SOLUTION ANALYSIS CONCLUSION

Pg, #

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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INTRODUCTION
Karachi Electric Supply Company Limited engages in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity in Pakistan. It supplies electricity to approximately 2.1 million industrial, commercial, agricultural, and residential consumers located primarily in Karachi, as well as in the towns of Dhabeji and Gharo, and the provinces of Sindh and Hub, Uthal, Vindhar, and Bela. The company has an installed capacity of 1,890 megawatts. Its transmission network comprises approximately 1,117 kilometers of transmission lines with 59 grid stations. The company was incorporated in 1913 and is based in Karachi, Pakistan.

Goal; Our key goal is to provide uninterrupted, reliable electric

power at an affordable price to our consumers as it is our core priority. We also play a responsible role when it comes to giving back to our society, which we believe is developing to its fullest potential

Nature of work
KESC is primarily responsible for supplying power to karachi

1; GENERATION KESC fleet has 1890 MWs of installed capacity to cater to the city load requirement. The main generation units consisting of Bin Qasim Power Station, Korangi Thermal Power Station, Site Gas Turbines and Korangi Gas Turbines, with a new power plant at Korangi (Combined Cycle Power Plant).

2; TRANSMISSION Electricity is transmitted at high voltage to reduce the energy lost in transmission. Power is transmitted as alternating current through overhead power lines

3; DISTRIBUTION Electricity distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity to end users. A distribution system's network carries electricity from the grid station and delivers it to consumers.

Designation

Mohammad azam sheikh.Assistant manager, Networks KESC Nizakat Ali. Helper, Networks KESC

I am thankful to above persons for helping me in giving the information about their organization.

Structured problem (ususal)

There are many structured problem facing in KESC; 1) Burnt out of transformer due to faulty of bushing or faulty of any phase. 2) Burnt out of distribution box breaker, and burnt out of PVC cables. These damaging problems are caused by overload use by consumers.

Unstructured problem
Massive power break-down by KESC; Description:Almost the entire city was deprived of electricity on Wednesday evening after a massive power breakdown, resulted in total collapse of KESC system. This breakdown hit power generation, transmission, and distribution systems of the Karachi Electric Supply Company. At around 6:30 pm, transmission lines, carrying power supply from Wapda to the KESC, tripped, disrupting whole system. The power generation and transmission systems of the KESC could not find the bare minimum megawatts required for energising the entire power supply system. Because of serious tripping within the Pepco transmission system at Jamshoro and Hub, most of Sindh was impacted by the disruption of electricity sup, The Bin Qasim Thermal Power Station, Korangi Thermal power plants, Korangi gas turbines, SITE gas turbines of the KESC, independent power producers, and Karachi Nuclear Power Plant, all suddenly stopped functioning. The whole city was being deprived of electricity was a logical consequence after the loss of 500 kV transmission line connecting the KESC to Jamshoro link. As such massive disruption was simply unbearable for power generation, transmission, and distribution systems for the city. The power deficit faced by the utility was around 150 MWs, This developed a major fault in the integrated national system, a fault at the Jamshoro-Dadu 500 KV circuit caused sequential trips in the KESC system.

Reasoning
1) Due to the major slow down from Wapdas side, the entire generation, transmission, and distribution networks of the KESC came to a halt, causing disruption of electricity to almost all areas of the city, including installations and offices of essential services. 2) The Karachi Electric Supply Company (KESC) faced power shortage on Wednesday evening due to a major fault caused by thunderstorm at Jamshoro-Dadu 500 KVA national circuit. The KESC, WAPDA, HUBCO and two IPPs are interconnected hence the collapse of 500 KV line paralysed the whole power supply system. 3) The investigation revealed that failure of the NKI-Jamshoro 500 KV and Jamshoro-KDA 220 KV had resulted in the collapse of the entire KESC system. 4) The KESC engineers had tried to restore the power supply through Jamshoro-KDA circuit and bring Bin Qasim units online.The power failure was caused by sudden breakage in the high power transmission line of PEPCO near Gadap but KESC completely failed to restore electricity through power plants.

Unprogrammed solution
Till Thursday morning the KESC management had no clue what methodology could be used for putting back into operation its own generation units at Bin Qasim and Korangi stations when the national transmission line still had been experiencing tripping. The 25 or so megawatts just about needed for re-energisation of the power generation system or transmission system could easily be procured by putting back into operation just one generation unit of the KESC or of the IPP but the KESC officials failed to do the needful even after passage of several hours when the breakdown hit the metropolis.Since tripping hit the transmission lines on Wednesday evening, two efforts were made to restore the 500 kV link between the KESC and Jamshoro but the efforts failed. When KESC get the necessary backup support of the 500 kV transmission line, KESC was in a position to energize their generation units at Bin Qasim and Korangi within the shortest-possible time. KESC management started one by one generator for coming back on system. There is a 15 hours procedure to start on generator unit, To start one generator KESC management got help from generation units. By the passage of time the whole city got electricity. And KESC still upgrading their grid stations to avoid these types problems.

Analysis
Structured problems: Can be described with a high degree of completeness. Can be solved with a high degree of certainty. Experts usually agree on the correction solution. Unstructured problems: Cannot be described with a high degree of completeness. Cannot be resolved with a high degree of certainty. Experts often disagree about best solution.

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Conclusion
This may be concluded from the above analysis that structured problems solution is comparatively easy while an unstructured problem always arises with uncertainty. In the above case KESC faced structured problems in effective manner. For solving unstructured problem, there is no already available methodology to solve problems, therefore there must be taken precautious steps to reach the final output.

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