Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2007 (I)

Paper I 2. (a) (i)

r r
r AB 2i − 4 k r r B
1. (a) F1 = 5 = 5 = i − 2k
| AB | 22 + 42 θ We do not take the dotted
r r r
r r r r
2i − 2 j + 2 k line case because of the term
F2 = 3
BC
= 3 =i − j +k 60o u
| BC | 22 + 22 + 22 ‘as soon as possible’.
r r r A
r CA − 4i + 2 j + 2 k r r r v
F2 = 6 = 6 = −2i + j + k
| CA | 42 + 22 + 22 30o
3 r r
Resultant force = ∑ Fi = 0
i =1 u v v
By sine law, o
= , θ = sin −1
(b) Total moment about O sin 30 sin θ 2u

r r r v
= OA × F1 + OB × F2 + OC × F3 Direction of B = N( 60 o − θ )E= N( 60 o − sin −1 )E
2u
r r r r r r r r r
i j k i j k i j k (ii) By resolving velocities,
= 0 2 6 +2 2 2 + 4 0 4 3
1 0 − 2 1 −1 1 − 2 1 1 resultant speed = v cos 30 o + u cos θ = v + u 1 − sin 2 θ
2
r r r r r r r r
= (−4i + 6 j − 2k ) + (4i − 4k ) + (−4i − 12 j + 4k ) 3v + 4u 2 − v 2
r r r =
= −4i − 6 j − 2k 2

(b) Let φ be the angle between u and v. φ

B
Component of resultant velocity v
u
points towards West
= u cos φ − v ≤ u − v ≤ 0 60o

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2007 (I)

∫ xdm ∫ (r cos θ)(ρds )

( r cos θ, r sin θ )
4. (a) Let the required speed be v.
3. (a) x= = By energy consideration:
M M
α dθ
∫ r
2
ρ cos θdθ ds 1
= −α 0 = −mg (l sin 30 o ) + mv 2
M 2

2r 2 ρ sin α r sin α θ
= = i.e. v = gl
M α
M M (b) Resolving forces along plane:
as ρ = = l
total arc length r (2α) 1 Dimension m&x& = mg sin 30 o − T R x
π 2r mg 15mg
(b) When α = , x in (a) = = − x
2 π 2 4l 30 o T

Setting the x-y- plane as shown in the figure: g 15 g mg

&x& + ω 2 x = , where ω 2 =
By composite body formula: y 2 4l
y new = 0 (by symmetry) Now λ2 + ω 2 = 0 , λ = ±ωi ∴ x h = A cos(ωt + δ)

2r g g 2l
(ρ ⋅ π r ) + (ρ ⋅ 2r )(0) Let x p = C , &x& p + ω 2 x p = , C= =
2 2 15
π 2ω
x new =
ρ ⋅ π r + ρ ⋅ 2r x
O 2l 2l t 15 g
i.e. x = x p + xh = + A cos(ωt + δ) = + A cos( + δ)
2r 15 15 2 l
=
π+2 x& = −ωA sin(ωt + δ)

2r  2l
i.e. The distance of the centre of mass of the wire from O =  2l
π+2 0 = x(0) = 15 + A cos δ  A cos δ = − 15
 ,  ---<*>
 gl = x& (0) = −ωA sin δ  A sin δ = − 2l
  15

8l
On solving, A= and δ = tan −1 15 − π
15
(note from <*> that for positive A, cos δ, sin δ < 0 which implies δ lies in 3rd
quadrant.)

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2007 (I)
5. Let v1 be the velocity of P just before impact with Q. 6. (a) (i) By conservation of energy:
Let w1 and w2 be the velocities of P and Q just after impact. KE i + PE i = KE f + PE f
* By conservation of energy: 1 1
0 + 0 = [ m(rθ& ) 2 + I 0 θ& 2 ] + [− mga(1 − cos θ)]
1 2 2
(em)v1 2 = (em) g (2r )
2 1
where I 0 = Mr 2
2
v1 = 2 gr
(Here we set zero potential at the top of the disc)
* By conservation of linear momentum: i.e. ( M + 2m)rθ& 2 = 4mg (1 − cos θ)
(em) w1 + mw2 = (em)v1 (ii) Differentiate the result in (a) w.r.t. t,
ew1 + w2 = ev1 --- <1> ( M + 2m)r 2θ& &θ& = 4mgθ& sin θ
By Newton’s law of restitution: i.e. ( M + 2m)r&θ& = 2mg sin θ
w1 − w2 = −e(v1 − 0) --- <2> g g
(b) Put M = 6m , we have rθ& 2 = (1 − cos θ) , r&θ& = sin θ
On solving <1> and <2>: w2 = ev1 2 4
r r
* By conservation of energy: (i) Resolving forces along e r : er

1 R − mg cos θ = m(−rθ& 2 ) f
mw2 2 = mgr R
2 r
mg eθ
R = mg cos θ − (1 − cos θ)
2
2 gr = w2 2 = e 2 v1 2 = 4e 2 gr θ
mg
= (3 cos θ − 1)
1 2 mg
i.e. e= (satisfies the condition that 0 ≤ e ≤ 1 ) r
2 (ii) Resolving forces along e θ :
− f + mg sin θ = m(r&θ&)

mg 3mg sin θ
f = mg sin θ − sin θ =
4 4

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2007 (I)
(iii) For no leaving the disc, R > 0 i.e. 3 cos θ − 1 > 0 ---<1> 7. (a) Setting B as the origin and x and y axes point towards right and upward

3 vertical respectively.
For no slipping, f < µR i.e. 3 cos θ − 1 > sin θ ---<2>
2 Equation of motion of

1 1 2
As θ increases, condition <1> fails when θ = cos −1 P: x = ut cos θ , y = h + ut sin θ − gt
3 2
As θ increases, the LS of <2> decreases but RS increases. 1 2
Q: x = 0+ αt , y = 0
Therefore <2> will fail to hold true at a certain angle, say θ1 , for 2

1 1
which θ1 < cos −1 . As they coincide at time T, αT 2 = uT cos θ --- <1>
3 2
i.e. Condition <2> fails before condition <1> as θ increases. 1
0 = h + uT sin θ − gT 2 --- <2>
i.e. Slipping occurs before P leaves the disc. 2

2u cos θ
(i) From <1>, we get T =
α

2u cos θ
(ii) Substitute T = into <2>:
α

1 2 gu 2 cos 2 θ 2u 2 sin θ cos θ

h= gT 2 − uT sin θ = −
2 α2 α

hα 2
= 2 g cos 2 θ − 2u sin θ cos θ
u2
= g (1 + cos 2θ) − u sin 2θ
= g + ( g cos 2θ − u sin 2θ)

= g + g 2 + α 2 cos(2θ + φ)

g u
where cos φ = and sin φ =
g 2 + α2 g 2 + α2
i.e. result follows.

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2007 (I)
(b) Setting cos(2θ + φ) ≤ 1 , we have r 1 d 2&
8. (a) (i) 0 = acceleration along e q = (r θ) ∴ r 2 θ& = K
r dt
hα 2 − gu 2 ≤ u 2 g 2 + α 2
6
Put t = 0 , K = r (0)[r (0)θ& (0)] = (6) = 12
2 4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 + cos 0
h + α − 2 ghα u + g u ≤ u ( g + α )
h 2 α 2 ≤ u 2 (u 2 + 2 gh) 12
i.e. θ& = 2
u r
i.e. α≤ u 2 + 2 gh
h 12
6( ) sin θ
− 6(−θ& sin θ) r2
(c) Put h = 3 , α = 5 , u = 2.5 into (a) (ii), we have θ = 26.6o. (ii) r& = = = 2 sin θ
(2 + cos θ) 2 6 2
( )
r
1
(b) (i) v 2 = r& 2 + (rθ& ) 2 = r& 2 + 2
(r 2 θ& ) 2
r

(2 + cos θ) 2
= 4 sin 2 θ + × 12 2
36
= 20 + 16 cos θ
(ii) As −1 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1 , 4 ≤ v 2 ≤ 36 , 2≤v≤6
i.e. greatest speed = 6, least speed = 2.
(c) magnitude of acceleration

1 d 2& 2
= (&r& − rθ& 2 ) 2 + ( (r θ))
r dt
=| &r& − rθ& 2 |
144
=| 2θ& cos θ − 3 |
r

24 6 144 48
=| × ( − 2) − 3 |= 2
2
r r r r

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2007 (I)
9. Figure on the right shows the general case (b) At θ = α , F A = 0
θ
that both points of contact by the rollers are RB Substitute into <1>: FB = W sin α
in friction. RA h FB 1 2d d cot α + 2h
Consider = ⋅ = >1
Let N be the mid point of the contacts between µR B µ d cot α − 2h d cot α − 2h
W
FB i.e. FB ≤ µR B fails to hold when θ = α
the rollers and the inclined plane. N
FA
[Definition of notations are skipped here.] i.e. Slipping will take place at B.
d
4
d 2 (c) (i) µ= ≈ 0.42
Resolving forces perpendicular and along plane: 2 2 cot 15 o + 2
F A + FB = W sin θ --- <1> FB 1 2d
(ii) Slipping at θ = β , 1= = ⋅
R A + R B = W cos θ --- <2> µR B µ d cot β − 2h

Take moment about N: 1 4

= ⋅
d d 2h 0.42 2 cot β − 2
RA ⋅ = h(W sin θ) + R B ⋅ or R A − RB = W sin θ --- <3>
2 2 d i.e. β ≈ 9.8o
On solving <2> and <3>, we have:

W 2h W sin θ
RA = (cos θ + sin θ) = (d cot θ + 2h)
2 d 2d

W 2h W sin θ
RB = (cos θ − sin θ) = (d cot θ − 2h)
2 d 2d
(a) At θ = α , FB = 0
Substitute into <1>: F A = W sin α
As limiting equilibrium occurs at A,
F A = µR A

µW sin α
∴ W sin θ = (d cot α + 2h)
2d

2d
i.e. µ=
d cot α + 2h

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2007 (I)

x 1 2 11. (a) Let x be the vertical displacement of B at time t.

10. (a) Let y be the extension of the string at time t. P.E.= ∫ kydy = kx
0 2 As the surface of the cylinder is smooth, x = aθ and hence x& = aθ& .
(b) At time t, the length of PR = 2a cos θ Setting zero potential at the level O,

1 λ 1 1
P.E.= − a(1 + cos 2θ)mg + ( )(2a cos θ) 2 = a (λ − mg )(1 + cos 2θ) 0= m(aθ& ) 2 + (km) x& 2 + mga sin θ − kmgx
2 a 2 2
(c) Let f (θ) = a (λ − mg )(1 + cos 2θ) , f ' (θ) = −2a (λ − mg ) sin 2θ i.e. a (k + 1)θ& 2 = 2 g (kθ − sin θ)
f " (θ) = −4a (λ − mg ) cos 2θ (b) Differentiating the result in (a),
(i) As λ > mg and 0 < 2θ < π , f ' (θ) < 0 g (k − cos θ)
a (k + 1)2θ& &θ& = 2 gθ& (k − cos θ) , i.e. a&θ& =
π k +1
So f (θ) is strictly decreasing on (0, )
2 Consider the equation of particle A:
i.e. no absolute minimum occurs in the open interval. * R − mg sin θ = m(−aθ& 2 ) r
er r
eθ
(ii) For stable equilibrium at θ = 0 , 2 g (kθ − sin θ)
R = mg sin θ − m
f ' (0) = 0 which can be easily verified, and k +1 T
R
f " (0) > 0 (k + 3) sin θ − 2kθ
= mg
∴ −4a(λ − mg ) > 0 i.e. λ < mg k +1
θ
(iii) Let the total energy be E, a constant. * T − mg cos θ = m(a&θ&)
By conservation of energy: mg (k − cos θ) mg
T = mg cos θ +
1 k +1
E = a (λ − mg )(1 + cos 2θ) + mv 2
2 1 + cos θ
= mg .
d (2θ) mg k +1
where v =velocity of P at time t = a = 2aθ& and λ =
dt 4 π
(c) (i) For not leaving the cylinder, R > 0 for 0 < θ <
After differentiating the above result, we get 2

&θ& = − 3 sin 2θ ≈ − 3 (2θ) = − 3θ sin θ >

2k
θ for 0 < θ <
π
8a 8a 4a k +3 2
--- S.H.M. 2k
∴ <1 i.e. 1< k < 3
k +3

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2007 (I)
(ii) For A is not leaving the cylinder immediately, (1 <)k < 3
So for any k ≥ 3 , in particular for k = 4 , particle A will leave the
cylinder at once.

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