accountability journalism

(Fenton, 2009)
Michael Schudson

(Schudson, 2008)

(Beckett,
2008, pp. 20-33)
corporate model of journalism

1.

public newspaper1
(McChesney & Nichols,
2010)
1

CBC Patrick Watson 1970 2003

CBC

(Hoy, 2003; Watson, 2003)

1

1990
BBC

(cited in Simpson, 2000, p. 451)

2.

state-funded

Nielson & Linnebank, 2011: 4-7

online-only media

130
43 6
a dual model

a mixed
model
indirect and direct forms of support

a mimimalist model


The Guardian
C.P. Scott
1936

The Scott Trust

Fundamentally
it implies honesty, cleanness, courage, fairness, a sense of duty to the reader and the
community Philip
Schlesinger the other way to own a newspaper

20032

(Schlesinger, 1994)
3

/ The Bay Citizen, Crosscut, MinnPost, New

Haven Independent, St. Louis Beacon, the Texas Tribune, Chi- Town Daily News,
Voice of San Diego
ProPublica
2008 2010 2011
2010
2005 180 1
2 8
1977 the Center
for Investigative Reporting 1989 the Center for
Public Integrity 2008 ProPublica (Lewis, 2010)
60
new journalism ecosystem

60 658

(Lewis, 2010)

ProPublica 501 (c)(3)

(Downie & Schudson, 2009)

(McLellan & Patel, 2011)

10-15%

Downie, Jr.& Schudson

national fund for
local news McChesney & Nichols
citizen
news vouchers
ISP
2

1.
Downie, Jr. Michael Schudson
2009

2.

independent
Internet
journalism
Dean

Baker Randy Baker McChesney and

5

Nichols (2010)
200
3

public commissioning

commissioning
BBC
25
Channel Four commissioning house

Dan Hind(2010) BBC 8

a system of participatory commissioning

Rodney Benson(2011)

Spot.us David
Cohn 2008 2009
community-funded
reporting

Spot.us
Transparency, Accountability, and Openness
Dan Hind David Cohn

public participation
public deliberation
public accountability

2010

2003 6 27

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