Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Day One
Piping Systems
Friction Losses
Flow Rate limitation
Ashrae & Carrier Guide Line
Acceptable Practices
Pipe Sizing
Head Losses Calculation
Case Practice
Day 2
Services
Erosion
Noise
Installation Cost
Operating Cost
All above limit Maximum and
minimum velocities in piping
system.
Recommended Water
Velocities Based on Services
Pump Discharge 8-12 FPS
Pump Suction 4-7 FPS
Header 4-15 FPS
Riser 3-10 FPS
Drain Line 4-7 FPS
General Service 5-10 FPS
City Water 3-7 FPS
Erosion
Water Flow
Based on Cooling load on respective AHU
/FCU/BCU
Can be calculated as:
Tonnage X 24
Flow In GPM= ---------------------------------
Temperature difference
Step -1
Make a layout sketch showing individual
AHU,FCU and BCU on Master layout plan.
Step - 2
Mark selected /design flow on individual AHU,
FCU and BCU.
Step - 3
Review layout sketch w.r.t. space available ,
other services,economy and consultant
concurrence.
Conclude layout.
Pipe Sizing Method……..
Step -4
Starting from most remote terminal working
towards the pump, Mark the Cumulative flow in
mains and branch circuits.
Step -6
Select pipe size for required Flow and as per
selected Friction Loss Rate from Friction chart for
respective application.
Re-check Chart water velocity with recommended
velocity. If within limit.Selection is ok.
Repeat for other flow requirements.
Friction Loss Rate Vs Flow Charts -
Sch. 40 pipes
Head Loss & Calculation
Relation between
Flow & Head Losses
for a system:
1.85 -1.9
H2/H1 = (Q2/Q1)
Q1& Q2 = Flows
H1 & H2=Head Losses
Water Piping Diversity
When the air conditioning load is determined
for each exposure of a building, it is assumed that
the exposure is at peak load.
Since the sun load is at a maximum on one
exposure at a time, not all of the units on all the
exposures require maximum water flow at the same
time to handle the cooling load.
Units on the same exposure normally require
maximum flow at the same time; units on the
adjoining or opposite exposures do not.
Therefore, if the individual units are
automatically controlled to vary the water quantity,
the system water quantity actually required during
normal operation is less than the total water
quantity required for the peak design conditions for
all the exposures.
Diversity Application