PROPEDEUTIC

DRUG ADMINIATRATION

Objectives: - Common abbreviations and symbols related to medication and administration. - Preparing to administer drugs: Dosages measurement, Dosages calculation. I.COMMON ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS RELATED TO MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION

Kilanubdak mantYnaTIya:gCitsiTbMputeTAnwgGkCM gWkgkarEfTaMBa)al nig Gb;rMsuxPaBdl;GkCMgW Ca Biess karpl;sfdl;GkCMgW. dUcenHtamEbbEpnbeckeTskarGanevC bBaa( Prescription) nigkar sresr elIkMNt; ehtutamdanCMgW ( Medication Administration Record: MAR) RtUvEtmanlkNc,as; las;bMput nwgRbkb edayPaBrhmnjsrhYnTan;eBlevla. dUcCakarsresr cuHkgtarag Medcation record ] TahrN_

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ma:gvijeTotsfRtUv)anpl;mkBIsfsanCa erogral;f. KilanubdakRtUvpl;sfeTAGkCMgWtamk MNt;bBaaeRbIR)as; sfrbs;RKUeBT Edl)ansresrelI Medication crad, Ticket, or MAR . kgkrNImanPaBRsBicRsBiledayRbkarNamY yenaH KilanubdakRtUvshkarCamYymRnIsuxaPi) alCMnajEdl

Bak;BnCaRbjab;nigTan;eBlevlaedIm,Ieco svageRKaHfak;EdlekItmaneLIgedaykareRb Isf minsmRsb. dUcenHRKb;mRnIsuxaPi)al RKUeBT/ sfkarI/ Kilanubdak RtUvmankarsat;CMnaj kgyl; dwgBIGkSrkat; rWsBaaEdlman kareRbIR)as;CaTUeTAkgvisysuxaPi)al. taragxageRkayenHmankMNt;BIGkSrkat; rWsBaasMKal;EdleKniymeRbIR)as;kkgvi sysuxaPi)al

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Abbreviation

Latin word

Meaning

Abbreviation

Latin word

Meaning

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II.Preparating to administer drugs

1-Dosage measurement

kgkrNIsfmYycMnYnEdlBi)akevcxb;Cakta dose buKliksuxaPi)alRtUvecHKNnakMrit rW brimaNsfEdlRtUv eRbIR)as; Biesssf IV fluid or IV infusion . eKBiniteXIjmanrgVas;rgVal;sMxan;cMnYn 3kgkareRbIR)as;sf -The metric system
-The apothecary system -The household system

a-Metric system

KW Meter, Liter and gram -The meter KWCaktanrgVas;RbEvg ( Linear) . Centimeter and millimeter sMrab;vas; body organ . millimeter mercury of sphygmomanometer RtUv)aneRbIsMrab;vas;sMBaFQam. -CYnkaleKeRbI Inch = 2.5 cm -Liter KWCargVas;maDvtravEdlesInwg 1000 cc = 1000 ml
The basic metric unit of measurement -1 liter of water at 4 oc =1kg -gram is the metric of weight; 1g distilled water = 1ml Metric prefixes, meaning, and Relationship
PREFIX Meaning

Giga Kilo Hecto Deka Base units of meter, liter, gram Deci Centi Milli Micro Nano Pico -SI

Billons Thousands Hundreds Tens One unit Tenths Hundredths Thousandths Millonths Billionths Thousand billionths

KWCaRbBnxatGnrCati ( International system of Units) . eK)ankMNt;nUvktargVas;rgVal;Ca standard rYmTaMg rebobrbbnkarsresr rW dak;nimitsBaa .

kgenaHmank,nxatmYycMnYnEdlKYrkt;sMK al;dUcxageRkamenH -cMeBaH Unit eKminsresrGkSrFMeT ; gram( minEmn Gram)

-

karsresrcMnYnedaymanxatRtUveFIVkardkXat UcmYy.Ex: 24 kg ( 24kg)

-

cMeBaHcMnYnelxEdlFMRtUvdkXapac;Caxg; . Ex: 25 000 edaymineRbI camma ( 25,000)

-Abbreviation should not be in plural (kgs) :

Bakkat;minRtUvsresrCaBhuvcneT.
b-Apothecary system

mansftictYcNas;edayeRbIrgVas;enH. xageRkamenHCargVas; apothecary system mYycMnYn - basic unit of weight is grain =60-65mg . - xatdTeTotkg apothecary KWman dram, ounce and Pound .
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0.5gr

-Fluid volume is minim=0.005-0.006ml -dTeTotman Pint and quart -kg apothecary GkSrkat;RtUvsresrmuxcMnYnelx . -cMnYnelxCaTUeTAsresrCaGkSr latin Ex: gr not gr

C-House hold system

rgVas;rgVal;enHmandak;bBalnUv : glass, cup, tables spoon, tea spoon and drops . print and quarterk_RtUvbBalmkeRbIEdrkg RbBnenH. eKBiniteXIjfaBuMsUvmankarkPaBKaeTedaye htufamanrbs;CaeRcInEdlmankar ERb RbYlcMnuHeTAtamkar GPivDn_ nshKm.
Common approximate equivalents of weights and measures

d-Concentration expression

kgkarGnuvtn_ KilanubdakEtgCYbRbTHCajwkjab;nUvkareRbIR )as;sfCaRbePTsUluysg EdlcaM)ac;eKRtUvsal; c,as;GMBI;kMhab;rbs; solution enaHEdlCaTUeTAman - W/ V:ma:smaD( a solution is a given mass of solid substance dissolved in a known
volume of fluid)

V/V : other fluid)

maDelImaD ( Volume of a liquid substance dissolved in a known volume of an

% : Percentages ( weight of solid dissolved in 100 ml solution) Proportion or Ratio -5-

2-Calculation
2.1- the strength of drug solution
To calculate the concentration of a drug solution, use the following equation: Concentration =
Mass of drug

Volume of solution

Example 1: Prepare 1 L of a 5% solution. We know:

- Volume of solution 1 L - Concentration 5% To solve: 1. Convert all quantities to the same system of units: 5% = 5 gm / 100 ml; 1 L = 1000 ml 2. Substitute the know quantities into the equation: 5 mg /100 ml = Mass of drug / 1000 ml 3. Solve for mass or drug: Mass =
1000 ml x 5 gm

= 50 gm

100 ml Example 2: What is the strength of a 2 L solution containing 10 gm of drug ? We know: - Mass of drug 10 gm - Volume of solution 2 L To solve, substitute the known quantities into the equation: Concentration = =
10 gm 2L 5 gm 1L

0.5 gm

= 0.5 % = 1:200

100 ml

Example 3: How much of a 2% solution can be prepared with 6 gm of drug? You know: - Concentration 2% - Mass of drug 6 gm To solve: 1. Convert all quantities to the same system of units: 2 % = 2 gm/ 100 ml 2. Substitute the known quantities into the equation: 2 mg / 100 ml = 6 mg /volume of solution 3. Solve for volume of solution: Volume =
6 gm x100 ml

= 300 ml

2 gm Example 4: Prepare 4 oz of a 0.5 % solution from tablets gr V each. To solve: 1. Convert all quantities to the same system of units: 0.5 % = 0.5 gm / 100 ml 4 oz = 4 x 32 ml = 128 ml gr v = 5 gr = 0.333 gm 2. Substitute the known quantities in the equation: 0.5 gm / 100 ml = Mass of drug / 128 ml -63. Solve for mass of drug: = 0.64 gm 100 ml 4. Determine the number of tablets required to total 0.64 gm: = 2 tablets 0.333 gm / tablet
0.64 gm

Mass =

128 ml x 0.5 gm

2.2- Calculating the strength of diluted solution

To calculate the concentration of a drug solution, use the following equation: Concentration of solution x volume of solution = Concentration of stock x volume of stock

Sock or stock solution is a concentrated, storage form of a drug that must be diluted before use. Example 5: Prepare 1 quart of a 1:5000 solution from a 10% solution. To solve: 1. Convert all quantities to the same system of units: 1 qt =1 L = 1000 ml 1:5000 = 1 gm / 5000 ml 10 % = 10 gm / 100 ml 2. Substitute in the equation: 1 gm/ 5000 ml x 1000 ml = 10 mg / 100ml x Volume of stock 3. Solve for the unknown: Volume of stock = 1 gm x 1000 ml /500 ml x 100 ml/10 gm = 2 ml

2.3- Calculating drug dosages

The equation for calculating drug dosages from drug solution is: Body weight x Dosage = Volume of drug x Drug concentration A drug dosage is expressed as units or mass of drug per body weight of patient. For example, 500 mg of an antibiotic to be taken every 4 hours for the average size patient of 70 kg. But for more accurate dosage, of course, must be calculated for the patient who deviate greatly from the normal weight range or when highly toxic drug are involve. Example 6: A 100- kg patient is to receive a dose of 4 units / kg body weight. How many milliliters of the supplied drug at 100 units / ml are required? To solve : 1. Substitute in the equation: 100 kg x 4 units/1 kg = Volume of drug x 100 units / ml 2. Solve for volume of drug Volume of drug = 100 kg x 4 units/ 1 kg x 1 ml / 100 units = 4 ml Example 7: the physician orders 0.2 gm of drug for a patient. How many capsules at gr Iss each will administer? To solve: 1. Covert 0.2 gm to 3 gr 2. Convert gr iss to 1.5 gr Therefore,
3 gr

= 2 capsules 1.5 gr / capsule

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2.3- Calculating infusion rates

Large volumes of fluids of various types are available from several manufacturers. These sets are commonly calibrated to deliver 10, 12, 15, 20, 50, or 60 drops / ml fluid. Usually, hospital has only two sizes available to minimize confusion: one regular, or macro drop, set of 10, 12,15 drops /ml ( abbreviatetion: gtt / ml), and one pediatric, or micro drop, set of 50 or 60 gtt / ml. Calculation of infusion rates can be carried out with the following equation: gtt/ min =
gtt/ ml calibration

Total ml to be administred

60 min/ hr

Total hours of infusion

Example 8: A physician order reads 3500 ml 5% dextrose in water IV in 24 hours. What is infusion rate if the infusion set delivers 60 gtt / ml ? To solve, substitute in the equation: gtt / min =
60 gtt / ml

x 60 min / hr

3500 ml

= 145 to 146 gtt / min

24 hr

2.4- Calculating pediatric dosages

Calculation of pediatric dosages required special knowledge of each drug and how it interacts with the unique metabolism of the infant. Some drugs may be given to children in dose that are in the same proportion to the body weight as the doses used in adults. Other drugs must be given in greatly as in adult. Other drugs must be given in greatly reduced dose because the infant is more sensitive or incapable of metabolizing the drug as rapidly as in adults. For many drugs pediatric doses listed in various drug reference public include a statement indicating that the dose may be calculated for children according to their body weight, for example, but should not exceed a stated upper limit. Several methods for calculating pediatric dosages exist Three methods are presented here: a- First method, call Youngs rule is base on the age of the children and applies to the children between 1 and 12 years of age. The equation is: Childrens dose = x Adult dose Age of children in year + 12 b- A second method for calculating pediatric dosages is based on comparison of childs weight to the average weight of an adult. This formula, which applies to all ages of children, is called Clarks rule. The equation is: Childrens dose =
Weight of child in pounds Age of children in year

x Adult dose -8-

150 lb

Note that Clarks rule and Youngs rule give the same answer when child is not much lighter or heaver than the normal weight for age. c- The most accurate method of calculating pediatric dosage is based on body surface area of the childs body relative to that of an adult. The equation used for the drug dose calculation is: Childs dose =
Surface area of child in M2
2

x adult

dose

1.7 M (1.7 M2 is the average body surface area for an adult)

III-COMMUNITY PHARMACY OPERATIONS 1-Procedures and techniques of administration

muneBlpl;sfdl;GkCMgW

KilanubdakRtUvmankarepogpat;eGayR)akd fa )anpl;sfeTAelIGkCMgWRtwmRtUv/ kMrit dUsRtwmRtUv ( Right person get the right medication). xageRkamenHKWCa mKeTsn_sMrab;EckcaynigeRbIR)as;sfeTAel IGkCMgW ( guidelines for distributing or administering drugs to clients) : 1) eBlerobcM rWpl;sfRtUvykcitTukdak;epatGarmN_eGa y)anm:t;ct;edaymineGaymanGarmN_raymaye BleFVI karCamYysf. 2) RtUvsresreGay)ansatnigmannyRKb;RKan; dUcCa eQaHsf kMriteRbI/ ryeBleRbIR)as;/ rebobeRbIR)as; sf;/ CaBiessmancuHhtelxaRtwmRtUvelIevC bBaa rWGtbTGkCMgW.l.

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3) containers for milliliters etc

kgenaHeKval;edaydak;EPkeGayesInwgp kMritvtrav nigkMNt;ykEpk concave of the fluid ( meniscus) eGaysitenAcMKMnUsExSEdlcg;val;. 8) karEcksfrWrab;sfCUnGkCMgW dUcCasfRbePT tablets, capsules, and pillRtUvEteRbIRbdab;cab;rWrab;sat edayeCosvageRbIdpal;EdlnaMeGayKanGna my nigqgeraK.

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RtUvRbugRbytkarFak;rWkMBb;sfeTAelIkMr al;edIrEdlCaehtunkarxHxay nigRtUvsnSMsMcsfbMputenAkgkar pl;sfdl;GkCMgw. ]TahrN_ dUcCakarpl;sf cMnYn10 RKab;sMrab;GkCMgweRbI 1RKab;mgbIdgkgmYyf ryH eBlbIf EdlCasrubRtUvenAsl;mYyRKab;BMumanRbeyaC n_. 10) eBlcak;sfCavtFaturav RtUvRbugRbyt eCosvagkarehor edaysarkarcak;RCulrWedaysarBi)akBinitemIl KMnUsExSEdlkan;)aMgBIelIedayd. 11) krNIbUmfaMcUlkgesraMug RtUvbiTpaksMKal;eQaHfaMPamnigrkSaTuk dbsfenAEk,renaHedIm,IeCosvagkarRcLM.
12)

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13)

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14)

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hurt)

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19)

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4-Client teaching
Client teaching should be a part of the plan in any nursing process

tamkarsikSa)anbBaak;eGaydwgfa 1. GkCMgWRtUvsitkgsanPaBGacTTYlkare ronsURt)an (ready to learn) Ex:GkCMgWkMBugmankarQWcab;xaMg rWTukRByxaMg.

2.

3.

4.

kEng rW bridansMrab;bgat;beRgnGkCMgWKYrm anlkN privacy ( dac;BIeK ), sat; ( quiet), nigman PaBCit siTrvagGkBnl;nigGksikSa ( rapport between nurse and patient) . Ex:GkCMgWmankareGonxas;cMeBaH karBnl;GkCMgGMBICMgWpvePTrWCMg WeGds_. karBnl;RtUvsitkgkMritEdlGkCMgWyl;)a n. Ex:karBnl;BIeBlEdlRtUvbriePaKfaMeBlRBwk eKeRbIKMnUrrUb RBHGaTitrH eBlyb;eKeRbIrUbRBHcnrWpay.l. RtUvyl;dwgBItMrUvkarrbs;GkCMgWnig cMnucsMxan;EdlRtUvbgat;bgaj.
Bnl;BIkMritdUseRbIR)as;sfeday xngdl;GkCMgWEdlmankMritvb,Fm yl;dwgeTobtamRbBnxat House
Ex: hold

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