Clutch Operation

The transmission has three speeds FORWARD and three speeds REVERSE. It has planetary gear systems and five hydraulic clutches.

Clutch Operation (Typical Example) 1. Piston. 2. Spring. 3. Plates. 4. Ring gear. 5. Discs. 6. Clutch housing.

The five transmission clutches are the disc type and in separate housings. Each clutch has discs (5) and plates (3). The inside teeth of discs (5) are engaged with the outside teeth of ring gear (4). Notches on the outside diameter of plates (3) are engaged with pins in the clutch housing. The pins hold the plates stationary. In the example above, springs (2) are between clutch housing (6) and piston (1). The springs keep the clutches disengaged (not engaged). The clutches are engaged when oil is sent into the area behind piston (1). When the pressure of the oil in the area behind the piston increases, the piston moves to the right. The piston moves against the force of spring (2) and pushes the discs and plates together. The clutch is now engaged. The discs hold ring gear (4) stationary. When the clutch is released, the pressure in the area behind piston (1) decreases and the force of spring (2) moves the piston to the left. The discs and plates are now apart. The clutch is not engaged.

Clutch Identification

The two front clutches (No. 1 and No. 2) are direction clutches. The No. 2 clutch is the FORWARD direction clutch. The No. 1 clutch is the REVERSE direction clutch. The three rear clutches (No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5) are speed clutches. A speed and a direction clutch must be engaged in the transmission before power goes through the transmission.

Power Flow Through The Transmission

Transmission Components 1. Manifold assembly. 2. No. 5 clutch. 3. No. 5 clutch housing. 4. No. 4 carrier. 5. No. 5 clutch gear. 6. No. 4 clutch. 7. No. 4 planet gear. 8. No. 3 clutch. 9. No. 3 planet gear. 10. No. 2 clutch. 11. No. 2 planet gear. 12. No. 1 clutch. 13. No. 1 clutch ring gear. 14. No. 3 and No. 4 sun gear. 15. No. 1 carrier. 16. No. 1 planet gear. 17. No. 4 clutch ring gear. 18. No. 1 and No. 2 sun gear. 19. No. 3 carrier. 20. No. 4 clutch housing. 21. No. 3 clutch ring gear. 22. No. 2 and No. 3 clutch housing. 23. No. 2 clutch ring gear. 24. No. 1 clutch housing. 25. No. 2 carrier. 26. No. 1 and No. 2 carrier ring gear.

The directional clutch section is made up of the No. 1 and No. 2 clutches and No. 1 and No. 2 planetary carriers. The No. 1 clutch is the reverse directional clutch. The No. 2 clutch is the forward directional clutch. The No. 1 clutch ring gear and No. 1 carrier are connected together and turn as a unit. The No. 1 and No. 2 carrier ring gear, No. 2 and No. 3 carrier, and No. 4 carrier are connected together and turn as a unit. The speed clutch section is made up of the No. 3 (3rd speed), No. 4 (2nd speed) and No. 5 (1st speed) clutches and No. 3, No. 4 and No. 5 planetary carriers. The No. 4 clutch ring gear is connected to the No. 5 carrier. The No. 3 sun gear is a part of the output shaft. The No. 4 and No. 5 sun gears are connected to the output shaft. In the illustrations that follow, circles give the indication that the clutches are engaged. The darker components are the components that move and send power through the transmission.

First Speed Forward

First Speed Forward (No. 2 and No. 5 clutches engaged)

The No. 2 clutch ring gear is kept stationary. This will cause the No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 carriers and No. 5 clutch to turn. The No. 5 clutch is also engaged. The torque will then go to the No. 5 clutch gear and output.

Second Speed Forward

Second Speed Forward (No. 2 and No. 4 clutches engaged)

The No. 2 clutch ring gear is kept stationary. This will cause the No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 carriers to turn. The No. 4 clutch ring gear is kept stationary by the engaged No. 4 clutch. The No. 4 planet gears move around the inside of the No. 4 clutch ring gear and drive the No. 4 sun gear. The No. 4 sun gear is connected to the No. 5 clutch gear and output.

Third Speed Forward (No. 2 and No. 3 clutches engaged)

The No. 2 clutch ring is kept stationary by the No. 2 clutch. The No. 3 clutch ring gear is kept stationary by the No. 3 clutch. The No. 2 sun gear will drive the No. 2 planet gears which move around the inside of the No. 2 clutch ring gear and turn the No. 2 carrier. The No. 3 planet gears are driven around the inside of the stationary No. 3 clutch ring gear and drive the No. 3 sun gear, No. 5 clutch gear and output.

First Speed Reverse

First Speed Reverse (No. 1 and No. 5 clutches engaged)

The No. 1 clutch ring gear and No. 1 carrier are kept stationary by the No. 1 clutch. The No. 1 sun gear will drive the No. 1 and No. 2 clutch ring gears through the No. 1 planet gears. This will cause the No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 carriers and No. 5 clutch to turn in the opposite direction. The No. 5 clutch is also engaged, the torque will then go to the No. 5 clutch gear and output. In second speed reverse, the No. 1 and No. 4 clutches are engaged. The power flow through the directional clutch section of the transmission is identical to first speed reverse. The power flow through the speed clutch section of the transmission is the same as for second speed forward. In third speed reverse, the No. 1 and No. 3 clutches are engaged. The power flow through the directional clutch section is the same as for the first speed reverse. Power flow through the speed clutch section is the same as for third speed forward.