SYLLABUS FOR M TECH SIGNAL PROCESSING (2011 BATCH)

LINEAR ALGEBRA
Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 50 :2 : MSP11 Unit-1 Linear Equations in Linear Algebra: Systems of Linear Equations, Row Reduction and Echelon Forms, Vector Equations Solution Sets of Linear Systems Applications of Linear Systems, Linear Independence Determinants: Introduction to determinants, Cramers rule. Properties of Determinants Cramers Rule, Volume 10 HOURS Unit-2 Vector Spaces Vector Spaces and Subspaces, Null Spaces, Column Spaces, and Linear Transformations, Linearly Independent Sets; Bases, Coordinate Systems, The Dimension of Vector Space, Rank, Change of Basis, Applications to Difference Equations, Applications to Markov Chains 10 HOURS Unit-3 Linear transformations: Introduction to Linear Transformations, The Matrix of a Linear Transformation, Rank-nullity theorem, Algebra of linear transformations Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors: Characteristic equation, Diagonalization, eigenvectors and linear transformation. 10 HOURS Unit-4 Orthogonality and Least-Squares: Inner Product, Length, and Orthogonality, Orthogonal Sets, Orthogonal Projections, The Gram-Schmidt Process, Least-Squares Problems, Inner Product Spaces 10 HOURS Unit-5 Symmetric and Quadratic Forms: Diagonalization, Quadratic forms, Constrained Optimization, The Singular value decomposition. 10 HOURS Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

Reference Books : 1 2 3 3 David C. Lay Strang, G. Seymour Lipschutz Kenneth and Ray Kunze Hoffman Linear Algebra and its Application, Pearson Education Third Edition. Linear Algebra and its Applications, Third Edition, Thomson Learning. Schaum's Outline of Linear Algebra, Third Edition Linear Algebra, 2nd edition, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd. Prentice Hall of India, 2004.

IMAGE PROCESSING
Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 50 :2 : MSP12 Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

Unit 1 Introduction: Examples of 2D signals-Impulse, step sequence, exponential sequence, 2D linear shift invariant systems, 2D convolution Image Fundamentals: Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing, Components of an Image Processing System, Image Sensing and Acquisition, Image Sampling and Quantization, Some Basic Relationships Between Pixels 10 Hrs Unit 2 Image Transforms: Introduction, 2D orthogonal & unitary transforms, Properties of unitary transforms, DFT, DCT, DST, Hadamard, Haar, Slant, KLT, SVD transform. Image Representation by Stochastic Models: Introduction, one-dimensional Causal models, AR models, Non-causal representations, linear prediction in two dimensions. 10 Hrs Unit 3 Image Enhancement: Point operations, Histogram modeling, spatial operations, Transform operations, Multi-spectral image enhancement, false color and Pseudo-color, Color Image enhancement. 10 Hrs Unit 4 Image Filtering & Restoration: Image observation models, Inverse & Wiener filtering, Fourier Domain filters, Smoothing splines and interpolation, Least squares filters, generalized inverse, SVD and Iterative methods, Maximum entropy restoration, Bayesian methods, Coordinate transformation & geometric correction, Blind de-convolution. 10 Hrs Unit 5 Image Analysis & Computer Vision: Spatial feature extraction, Transform features, Edge detection, Boundary Extraction, Boundary representation, Region representation, Moment representation, Structure, Shape features, Texture, Scene matching & detection, Image segmentation, Classification Techniques. 10 Hrs Reference Books: 1 2 3 Jae S. Lim A. K. Jain R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, R. C. Gonzalez R. E. Woods, and S.L. Eddins Two-Dimensional Signal and Image Processing, Prentice Hall, Eanglewood Cliffs, New Jersey Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd. / Prentice Hall of India, 2004 Digital Image Processing, 2nd edition, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd/Prentice Hall of India, 2004. Digital Image Processing using MATLAB, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd/Prentice Hall of India, 2004.

STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 50 :2 : MSP13 Unit 1 Probability and Random Variables: Introduction to probability, sample space, events, Bayes' rule, Concept of a random variable, continuous and discrete probability distribution, joint probability distribution, Expectation operator, mean and variance of a random variable, some standard continuous and discrete probability distributions and function of a random variable. 10 HOURS Unit 2 Random processes: Random processes, white noise, filtering random processes, spectral factorization, ARMA, AR and MA processes. 10 HOURS Unit 3 Signal Modeling: Least squares method, Pad approximation, Prony's method, finite data records, stochastic models, Levinson-Durbin recursion; Schur recursion; Levinson recursion. 10 HOURS Unit 4 Spectrum Estimation: Nonparametric methods, minimum-variance spectrum estimation, maximum entropy method, parametric methods, frequency estimation, principal components spectrum estimation. 10 HOURS Unit 5 Optimal and Adaptive Filtering: FIR and IIR Wiener filters, Discrete Kalman filter, FIR Adaptive filters: Steepest descent, LMS, LMS-based algorithms, adaptive recursive filters, RLS algorithm. 10 HOURS Reference Books: 1 Ronald E. Walpole, Raymond H Myers, etal Monson H. Hayes , Probability and Statistics, Pearson Education Inc., VIII edition, 2007. Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling," John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2002. Probability and Random Processes, Academic Press, I edition, 2009. "Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing: Spectral Estimation, Signal Modeling, Adaptive Filtering and Array Processing," McGraw-Hill International Edition, 2000. "Adaptive Filters," Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 4th edition, 2002. Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

3 4

Scott L. Miller and Donald G. Childers, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Vinay K. Ingle, and Stephen M. Kogon, Simon Haykin

J.G. Proakis, C.M. Rader, F. Ling, C.L. Nikias, M. Moonen and I.K. Proudler

"Algorithms for Statistical Signal Processing," Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 2002.

DSP System Design

Contact Week Total Hours Sub. Code Pre-requisite Hours/ Lecture :4 : 52 : MSPE11 Credits : CIE Marks : Marks : 4+1 50 100

: Digital Signal Processing, Microprocessors

Course Objectives : i) To review DSP concepts, (ii) To understand the implementation issues of DSP algorithms on a DSP processor, (iii) To learn the architecture of a floating point processor (TMS320C67xx), its instruction set in brief, (iv) To implement a few algorithms using C, assembly and linear assembly. Module-1 Discrete time processing of continuous time signals: Review of signals and systems, sampling theorem (Text 1: 1.1, 1.2,), Structure of a digital filter, Frequency domain analysis of a digital filter, Quantization errors, (Text 1: 2.1-2.4), Discrete time Fourier transform(DTFT), Discrete Fourier transform (DFT), The DFT as an estimate of the DTFT, DFT for spectral estimation, DFT for convolution (Text 1: 31.-3.6), Ideal versus nonideal filters, Finite and infinite response filters (only concepts, filter design problems are not included) (Text 1: chap-4). 12 Hrs Module-2 Fundamentals of multirate digital signal processing : Introduction, statement of the problem and definitions, analysis of downsampling and upsampling, sampling rate conversion by a rational factor, multistage implementation of digital filters, efficient implementaion of multirate systems, application of multirate DSP: Digital-to-analog conversion, sampling frequency and quantization error (Text 1: chap-6) 10 Hrs Module -3 Implementation considerations: Data representation and arithmetic, Finite-word length effects, Programming issues, Realtime implementation considerations, Hardware interfacing. (Text 2: chap-3). 10 Hrs Module -4 Architecture and instruction set of the C6x processor: Introduction, TMS320C6x architecture, Functional units, Fetch and execute packets, Pipelining, Registers, Linear and circular addressing modes, TMS320C6x instruction set, (Text 3:3.1-3.8), Fixed- and floating-point format (Text 3:3.18), Constraints (Text 3: 3.20). 14 Hrs Module -5

Programming examples using C, assembly and linear assembly using TMS320C67xx: Computation of dot product using C, Computation of factorial of a given number using C function calling linear assembly, Computation of n+(n-1)+(n-2)+..+1 using C function calling assembly function, , FIR and IIR implementation (Text 2: 6.4, 7.5) 6 Hrs Text Books: 1 Roberto Cristi Modern Digital Signal Processing, Brooks Cole, 2003.

2 Sen M. Kuo and Woon- Digital Signal Processors: Architecture, Implementations and Applications, Pearson Education, 2005. Seng Gan DSP Applications using C and the TMS320C6X DSK, John3 Rulph Chassaing Wiley & Sons, 2002.

Reference Books: 1 Texas Instruments Texas Instruments TMS320C67x/C67x+ DSP CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide, 2006.

Digital Signal Compression

Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 50 :2 : MSPE12 Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

UNIT-1 Introduction to Multimedia comprssion: Graphics and Image data representation, color in Image and video, Fundamental concepts in video, Basics of Digital Audio Lossless compression Algorithms: Introduction, Run-Length Coding, Variable Length Coding- Shannon-Fano Algorithm, Huffman coding, Adaptive Huffman coding, Dictionary Based Coding, Arithmetic Coding, Lossless Image Compression Differential Coding of Images, Lossless JPEG . 10 HOURS UNIT-2 Lossy compression Algorithms: Distortion measures, The rate distortion theory, Quantization Uniform Scalar and Nonuniform Quantization, Transform Coding discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) , Karhunen- Loeve Transform, Wavelet-Based Coding, Embedded Zerotree of Wavelet Coefficients, Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees. 10 HOURS UNIT-3 Image Compression Standards: The JPEG Standard , The JPEG2000 Standard Region of Interest Coding, The JPEG-LS Standard- Prediction, context determination, Residual Coding, Bilevel Image Compression Standards- JBIG Standard Basic Video compression Techniques: Introduction, Video Compression based on Motion Compensation, Search for Motion Vectors Sequential Search, 2D Logarithmic Search, Hierarchical Search, H.261 Intra-Frame Coding, Inter-frame Coding, Quantization, Encoder and Decoder,H.261 Video Bitstream, H.263- Motion Compensation 10 HOURS UNIT-4 MPEG Video Coding: MPEG-1 Motion Compensation, Differences from H.261, Video Bitstream, MPEG-2 Interlaced Video, Scalabilities, Differences from MPEG-1, Overview of MPEG-4, object based Visual coding in MPEG-4 VOP-based vs Frame-based Coding,

Motion Compensation, Texture coding, Shape coding, Synthetic Object coding in MPEG-4, MPEG-4 Object types, profiles and levels, H.264 Core features, MPEG-7, MPEG-21 10 HOURS UNIT-5 Audio Compression Techniques: ADPCM in Speech Coding, G.276 ADPCM, Vocoders Phase Insensitivity, Channel Vocoder, Formant Vocoder, Linear Predictive Coding, CELP, Psychoacoustics Frequency Masking, Temporal Masking, MPEG Audio MPEG layers, MPEG Audio Compression Algorithm, MPEG-2 AAC, MPEG-4 Audio, The future: MPEG-7 and MPEG-21. 10 HOURS REFERENCE BOOKS: 1 2 3 Ze-Nian Li and Marks S. Drew Khalid Sayood Fred Halsall Fundamentals of Multimedia, Prentice-Hall 2004 Introduction to Data Compression, 3/e Elsevier Publishers Multimedia Communications: Applications, Networks, Protocols and Standards, Pearson Education, Asia, Second Indian reprint 2002.

SPEECH PROCESSING
Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 52 :2 : MSP21 Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

Unit 1 Speech Production: Introduction to speech processing applications, Anatomy and physiology of speech production, spectrograms, categorization of speech sounds, Acoustic analysis of speech. Unit 2 Time-domain processing of speech: Short-time energy, pitch estimation using autocorrelation and AMDF, formant estimation, voiced/unvoiced classification. Short-time Fourier Transform Analysis and Synthesis: Short-time analysis, Effect of shape and size of windows, linear filtering interpretation, short-time synthesis, short-time Fourier transform magnitude, signal estimation from the modified STFT or STFTM, time-scale modification and enhancement of speech. Unit 3 Linear prediction analysis of speech : All-pole modeling of deterministic signals, linear prediction analysis of stochastic speech sounds, criterion of 'goodness,' inverse filter formulation, spectral matching formulation, synthesis based on all-pole modeling, pole-zero estimation, decomposition of glottal flow derivative. Unit 4

Homomorphic Signal Processing: Concept, homomorphic systems for convolution, complex cepstrum of speech-like sequences, spectral root homomorphic filtering, short-time homomorphic analysis of periodic sequences, short-time speech analysis, analysis/synthesis structures, contrasting linear prediction and homomorphic filtering. Unit 5 Statistical modeling of speech signals: Theory and implementation of HMM, Three basic problems of HMM, Types of HMM, Implementation issues for HMMs, applications. Reference Books: 1 Lawrence R. Rabiner and Ronald W. Schafer, Lawrence Rabiner and Biing-Hwang Juang Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan Thomas F. Quatieri, Digital Processing of Speech Signals, Pearson Education Asia, 2003. An Introduction to Speech Education Asia, 2003. Recognition, Pearson

Speech and Audio Signal Processing: Processing and Perception of Speech and Music, John Wiley, 2002. Discrete-time Speech Signal Processing: Principles and Practice, Pearson Education Asia, 2003.

DETECTION THEORY
Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 50 :2 : MSP22 Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

Unit 1 Review of random variables and random processes: probability density functions, Detection theory in signal processing, detection problem, mathematical detection problem, Role of asymptotes, simple binary hypothesis tests, M Hypotheses 10 Hours Unit 2 Statistical decision theory-I, Neyman-Pearson theorem, Receiver operating characteristics, multiple hypotheses testing, Bayes risk detector, minimum Bayes risk detector for binary and multiple hypotheses . 10 Hours Unit 3 Detection of deterministic signals, matched filters, performance of matched filter, generalized matched filter, multiple signal detection, performance for m-ary case and binary case. 10 Hours Unit 4 Detection of random signals: Estimator-correlator, canonical model, detection performance, summary of composite hypothesis testing, Bayesian approach and generalized likelihood ratio test, locally most powerful detectors, multiple hypothesis testing 10 Hours Unit 5

Detection of deterministic signals with unknown parameters: Introduction, signal modeling and detection performance, sinusoidal detection, unknown amplitude, phase, frequency, arrival time. 10 Hours Reference Books:

1 2 3 4

Steven M. Kay Steven M. Kay Harry L. Van Trees M.D. Srinath, P.K. Rajasekaran and R. Viswanathan K Sam Shanmugam, Arthur M Breipohl

"Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing," Volume I: "Estimation Theory", Prentice Hall, USA, 1998; "Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing, "Volume II: "Detection Theory," Prentice Hall, USA, 1998. Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part I, John Wiley & Sons USA, 2001. "Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing with Applications, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd. /Prentice Hall of India, 2003. Random Signals: Detection, Estimation and Data Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

VLSI DSP Systems

Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 50 :2 : MSPE22 Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

Unit -1 Introduction to FPGA technology- Introduction to FPGA device architecture, FPGA Design Flow, Computer Arithmetic: Number representation, Binary Adders, Binary Multipliers, Binary Dividers, Floating point arithmetic implementation, Multiplyaccumulator (MAC) and Sum of products (SOP), Computation of special functions using CORDIC 10 Hours Unit- 2 Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Digital Filters: Digital Filters, FIR and Designing FIR filters Direct Window design method and Equiripple design method, Constant Coefficient FIR Design - Direct FIR design, FIR filter with transposed Structure, FIR filters using Distributed Arithmetic 10 Hours

Unit -3 Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Digital Filters: IIR coefficient computation, IIR filter implementation - Finite wordlength effects, Optimization of the filter gain factor, FAST IIR Filter - Time domain interleaving, Clustered and scattered Look- ahead

pipelining, IIR Decimator design, Parallel Processing 10 Hours Unit -4 Multirate Signal processing: Decimation and interpolation-Noble identities, Sampling Rate Conversion by Rational factor, Polyphase decomposition- Recursive IIR Decimator, Fast Running FIR filter, Multistage Decimator- using Goodman- Carey Halfband filters, Frequency Sampling filters as Bandpass Decimators, Design of Arbitrary Sampling rate converters- Fractional delay rate change, Polynomial Fractional Delay Design 10 Hours Unit -5 Fourier transforms: The Discrete Fourier Transform Algorithms -The Goertzel algorithm , The Bluestein chirp-z transform, The Rader algorithm, The Winograd DFT algorithm, The Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms -The Cooley Tukey algorithm, The Good Thomas FFT algorithm, The Winograd FFT algorithm, Fourier related Transforms Computing the DCT using the DFT, Fast Direct DCT implementation 10 Hours REFERENCE BOOKS: 1 2 Meyer-Baese, Uwe Keshab K. Parhi Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate Arrays, Springer 2007 VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems Design and implementation- Wiley-India

Neural networks
Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 50 :2 : MSPE Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

Unit-I Introduction: Trends in computing, Pattern and Data, Pattern recognition tasks. 10 Hours Basics of Artificial Neural Networks: Terminology, Models of neuron, topology, basic learning laws, Realization of logic functions using MP neuron 10 Hours Unit-II Activation and synaptic dynamics: Introduction, learning methods, stability and convergence, recall in neural networks Feed forward neural networks: Analysis of pattern association networks 10 Hours Unit-III Pattern classification networks, Perceptron convergence theorem, Linear separability, Back propagation learning, discussion on error back propagation 10 Hours Unit-IV Feedback neural networks:Pattern storage networks, Hopfield model, continuous and discrete models, state transition diagrams, Stochastic networks and simulated annealing 10 Hours Unit-V Architectures for complex pattern recognition tasks and applications: Bidirectional memories, autoassociative memory, Radial basis functions, support vector machines, probabilistic networks, applications in pattern recognition like speaker recognition, face recognition etc. 10 Hours

Reference Books:

1 2 3 4 5

B. Yegnanarayana Robert J. Schalkoff Jacek M. Zurada Christopher Bishop Simon Haykin M.

Artificial neural networks, PHI, 2003. Artificial Neural Networks, Mcgraw-Hill Inc. Introduction to artificial neural systems, Jaico publishing house, 2003. Neural networks for pattern recognition, Oxford University Press (1995) Neural networks a comprehensive foundation, Pearson
Education Limited

Pattern Recognition
Contact Week Sub. Code Pre-requisite processing : Hours/ :4 :52 : MSP24 Probability and Random Credits : CIE Marks : Marks : process, 5 50 100 Statistical signal

Total Lecture Hours

Course Objective: To introduce fundamental concepts, theories, and algorithms for pattern recognition and machine learning, which are used in computer vision, speech recognition, data mining, statistics, information retrieval, and bioinformatics.

Module-1 Basics of pattern recognition: Machine perception, Terminology, Design cycle, learning and adaptation; Bayesian decision theory:Classifiers, Discriminant functions, Decision surfaces, Normal density and discriminant functions, Discrete features, Bayesian networks (Graphical models) 12 Hrs

Module-2 Parameterestimation methods:Maximum-Likelihood estimation, Gaussian mixture models, Expectation-maximization method, Bayesian estimation, Gaussian mixture models-multimodal distribution (Expectation maximization EM) 10 Hrs. Module -3 Dimension reduction methods:Fisher discriminant analysis, Principal component analysis Discriminant analysis: Linear discriminant functions and decision surfaces, Perceptron model, Minimum mean squared error, support vector machines 10 Hrs Module -4 Non parametric methods: Density estimation, Parzen-window method K-Nearest Neighbour methods: Non metric methods: Decision trees, CART 10 Hrs Module -5 Unsupervised learning and clustering: Criterion function for clustering, methods for clustering, Cluster validation methods, Component analysis: ICA, NLCA. 10Hrs

Reference Books: 1 Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart, and David G. Stork, 2 S.Theodoridis K.Koutroumbas 3 Christopher M. Bishop and "Pattern classification," John Wiley and Sons Pte Ltd., II edition 2002. Pattern Recognition, 4th Ed., Academic Press, 2009 Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Springer (2006).

ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 50 :2 : MSPE Unit 1 Digital Modulation Techniques: QPSK, DPSK, FQPSK, QAM, M-QAM, OFDM, Optimum Receiver for Signals Corrupted by AWGN, Performance of the Optimum Receiver for Memory-less Modulation, Optimum Receiver for CPM Signals, Optimum Receiver for Signals with Random Phase in AWGN Channel. 10 Hours Unit 2 Coding Techniques: Convolutional Codes, Hamming Distance Measures for Convolutional Codes; Various Good Codes, Maximum Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional codes, Error Probability with Maximum Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional Codes, Sequential Decoding and Feedback Decoding, Trellis Coding with Expanded Signal Sets for Band-limited Channels, Viterbi decoding. 10 Hours Unit 3 Communication Through Band Limited Linear Filter Channels: Optimum receiver for channels with ISI and AWGN, Linear equalization, Decision-feedback equalization, reduced complexity ML detectors, Iterative equalization and decoding-Turbo equalization. Adaptive Equalization: Adaptive linear equalizer, adaptive decision feedback equalizer, adaptive equalization of Trellis- coded signals, Recursive least squares algorithms for adaptive equalization, self recovering (blind) equalization. 10 Hours Unit 4 Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communication: Model of Spread Spectrum Digital Communication System, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals, FrequencyHopped Spread Spectrum Signals, CDMA, time-hopping SS, Synchronization of SS systems. 10 Hours Unit 5 Digital Communication Through Fading Multi-Path Channels: Characterization of fading multi-path channels, the effect of signal characteristics on the choice of a channel model, frequency-Nonselective, slowly fading channel, diversity techniques for fading multi-path channels, Digital signal over a frequency-selective, slowly fading channel, coded wave forms for fading channels, multiple antenna systems. 10 Hours REFERENCE BOOKS: 1 John G. Proakis Digital Communications," 4th edition, McGraw Hill, Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

2 3

Stephen G. Wilson Kamilo Feher,

Andrew J. Viterbi

2001. Digital Modulation and Coding, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 2003. Wireless Digital Communications: Modulation and Spread Spectrum Applications, Prentice-Hall of India, 2004. CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications, Prentice Hall, USA, 1995.

Biomedical Signal Processing

Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 52 :2 : MSPE Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

Introduction- General measurement and diagnostic system, classification of signals,introduction to biomedical signals, Biomedical signal acquisition and processing, Difficulties in signal acquisition Origin of BioElectric Signal : Action Potential :Generation and Propogation, ECG , EMG and EEG Sampling : Uniform and Nonuniform sampling Quantization : Zero memory Quantization Quantization Noise ,rough Quantization ECG- ECG signal origin, ECG parameters-QRS detection different techniques, ST segment analysis, Arrhythmia, Arrhythmia analysis ECG Data reduction Direct data compression Techniques: Turning Point, AZTEC, Cortes, FAN, Transformation Compression Techniques, Huffman coding Filtering ECG : Integer Filters , Removal of Removal of random noise in ECG baseline drift, artifact removal,

Adaptive filtering- Introduction, General structure of adaptive filters, LMS adaptive filter, adaptive noise cancellation, improved adaptive filtering, Cancellation of 50 Hz interference in ECG, cancellation of ECG from EMG signal EEG- EEG signal characteristics, Sleep EEG classification and epilepsy. 3 h Finite time averaging- Introduction, finite time estimation of mean value, estimation of variance, correlation, synchronous averaging.Estimation of visual or auditory ERPs (Event Related Potentials) using synchronous averaging technique, event detection and epoch analysis of EEG in multiple channels using correlation analysis. Frequency domain analysis- Introduction, Spectral analysis, linear filtering, cepstral analysis and homomorphic filtering. Removal of high frequency noise (power line interference), motion artifacts (low frequency) and power line interference in ECG,

Time series analysis- Introduction, AR models, MA models, ARMA models. Spectral modeling and analysis of PCG signals. Spectral estimation- Introduction, Black Tukey method, The periodogram References: 1 2 3 4 Arnon Cohen. Willis J. Tompkins Rangaraj Rangayyan D.C.Reddy M Biomedical Signal Processing Time and Frequency Domains Analysis (Volume I) Biomedical Digital Signal Processing Biomedical Signal Analysis case study approach Biomedical Signal Processing Principles and Techniques

ADVANCED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING

Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 52 :2 : MSPE Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

1. Multirate Signal Processing: Fundamentals of Multirate Systems :- Introduction,

basic multirate operations, interconnection of building blocks, polyphase representation, multistage implementations, special filters and filter banks; Maximally Decimated Filter Banks:- Introduction, errors created in QMF bank, alias free QMF system, power symmetric QMF banks, M-channel filter banks, polyphase representation, perfect reconstruction systems; Paraunitary Perfect Reconstruction (PR) Filter Banks :- Introduction, lossless transfer matrices, filter bank properties induced by paraunitariness, two channel FIR paraunitary QMF banks, two channel paraunitary QMF lattice, M-channel FIR paraunitary filter banks; Linear Phase Perfect Reconstruction QMF Banks:- Introduction, lattice structures for linear phase FIR PR QMF banks, formal synthesis of linear phase FIR PR QMF lattice; Cosine modulated Filter Banks: Introduction, pseudo QMF bank, design of pseudo QMF bank, efficient polyphase structures, cosine modulated perfect reconstruction systems. Applications of Multirate Signal Processing: Analysis of audio, speech, image and video signals.

2. Time-Frequency Signal Analysis and Processing: Time-Frequency Concepts :Time-domain representation, frequency domain representation, joint timefrequency representation, desirable characteristics of a time-frequency distribution (TFD), analytic signals, Hilbert transform, duration, bandwidth, bandwidthduration product, uncertainty principle, instantaneous frequency, time delay; Time-Frequency Distributions:- Wigner distribution, wigner-ville distribution, timevarying power spectral density, short-term Fourier transform, spectrogram, Gabor transform, instantaneous power spectra, energy density, quadratic TFDs, relationship between TFDs; Applications of Time-Frequency Analysis:- analysis of non-stationary signals like speech, audio, image and video signals.

Texts/References:

1. P. P. Vaidyanathan, "Multirate Systems and Filter Banks", Pearson-Education, Delhi, 2004. 2. B. Boashash, "Time-Frequency Signal Analysis and Processing: A Comprehensive Reference", Elsevier, UK, 2003. 3. L. Cohen, "Time-Frequency Analysis", Prentice Hall, 1995. 4. A. Spanias, T. Painter & V. Atti, "Audio Signal Processing & Coding", WileyInterscience, NJ, USA, 2007.

MEDICAL IMAGING
Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 52 :2 : MSPE Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

A number of new, imaging techniques and modalities in imaging area have revolutionized the Medicare In this Course principles of various imaging modalities are to be discussed X-Rays: X raydiagnostjc methods, Conventional x-ray radiography fluoroscopy and angiography computed tomography: Recent developments in x-ray unit characteristics. Biological effects ionizing radiation Computed Tomography: Basic principles, system components and truncations of scanning systems, Medical applications and safety precautions, Discussion on reconstruction algorithms Ultrasound:. Functional block diagram of basic pulse echo system for diagnostic purposes, A mode, B mode and M mode principles of echocardiography Magnetic resonance imaging: Basic principles, Signals excitation and detection, Schematic functional diagram of MRI scanner with its sub systems, Magnet gradient systems, RF transmitter- receiver system, medical applications, safety precautions. Radio nuclide imaging: Principles, schematic functional diagram and components of gamma, Medical applications, safety precautions. Medical thermography: Basic principles, functional diagram of thermo graphic equipment PET Principles ,Medical applications of microwaves References: 1 2 3 Jacob K1ine Kirk Shung Zhong Hicho and Handbook of Biomedical engineering, Academic Press .1998. Principles of medical imaging ,Academic press Fundamentals of Medical imaging John Wiley, 1993

Manbir Singh 4 Peter Josefell & Edward Sudney A. C. Kak & Malcolm Slaney G.T. Herman Nuclear Medicine introductory Text, - William Blackwell Scientific Publishers London Principles of Computerized Topographic Imaging Imaging reconstruction from projections Implementation and applications, Topics in applied physics vol.32 Springer Verlag 1979. Diagnostic Ultrasound principles & Instruments, 5th Edition, W B Sanders Company, 1998

5 6

Frederic W Kremkan

Computer Vision

Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code

:4 : 52 :2 : MSPE

Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks :

5 50 50

Image formation and image models; image filtering; lines, blobs, edges and boundary detection; representation of 2-D and 3-D structures; Bayes decision theory for pattern recognition; supervised and unsupervised classifications; parametric and nonparametric schemes; clustering for knowledge representation; applications of neural networks and fuzzy logic in pattern recognition; feature extraction in images; texture analysis and classification; image segmentation; optical character recognition; 2-D and 3-D object recognition; surface extraction from monocular images; stereo image pair analysis; optical flow and 3-D motion analysis. Texts/References: 1. D. H. Ballard and C. M. Brown: Computer Vision; Prentice Hall, 1982. 2. R. O. Duda and P. E. Hart: Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis; John Wiley, 1973. 3. R. Jain, R. Kasturi and B. G. Schunck: Machine Vision; McGraw-Hill, 1995. 4. D. Marr: Vision; Freeman and Co., 1982. 5. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods: Digital Image Processing; Addison-Wesley, 1993. 6. R. Schalkoff: Pattern Recognition Statistical, Structural and Neural Approaches; John Wiley, 1992.

Error Control Coding

Contact Hours/ Week Total Lecture Hours Lab work Sub. Code :4 : 52 :2 : MSPE Unit 1 Introduction to Algebra: Groups, Fields, Binary Field Arithmetic, Construction of Galois Field GF (2m) and its basic properties, Computation using Galois Field GF (2m) Arithmetic, Vector spaces and Matrices. Linear Block Codes: Generator and Parity check Matrices, Encoding circuits, Syndrome and Error Detection, Minimum Distance Considerations, Error detecting and Error correcting capabilities, Standard array and Syndrome decoding, Decoding circuits, Hamming Codes, Reed Muller codes, The (24, 12) Golay code, Product codes and Interleaved codes. Unit 2 Cyclic Codes: Introduction, Generator and Parity check Polynomials, Encoding using Multiplication circuits, Systematic Cyclic codes Encoding using Feed back shift register circuits, Generator matrix for Cyclic codes, Syndrome computation and Error detection, Meggitt decoder, Error trapping decoding, Cyclic Hamming codes, The (23, 12) Golay code, Shortened cyclic codes. Unit 3 BCH Codes: Binary primitive BCH codes, Decoding procedures, Implementation of Galois field Arithmetic, Implementation of Error correction. Non binary BCH codes: q ary Credits : CIE Marks : SEE Marks : 5 50 50

Linear Block Codes, Primitive BCH codes over GF (q), Reed Solomon Codes, Decoding of Non Binary BCH and RS codes: The Berlekamp - Massey Algorithm. Majority Logic Decodable Codes: One Step Majority logic decoding, one step Majority logic decodable Codes, Two step Majority logic decoding, Multiple step Majority logic decoding. Unit 4 Convolutional Codes: Encoding of Convolutional codes, Structural properties, Distance properties, Viterbi Decoding Algorithm for decoding, Soft output Viterbi Algorithm, Stack and Fano sequential decoding Algorithms, Majority logic decoding Concatenated Codes & Turbo Codes: Single level Concatenated codes, Multilevel Concatenated codes, Soft decision Multistage decoding, Concatenated coding schemes with Convolutional Inner codes, Unit 5 Turbo coding:Introduction to Turbo coding and their distance properties, Design of Turbo codes. Burst Error Correcting Codes: Burst and Random error correcting codes, Concept of Inter leaving, cyclic codes for Burst Error correction Fire codes, Convolutional codes for Burst Error correction. References: 1. Shu Lin & Daniel J. Costello, Jr. Error Control Coding Pearson / Prentice Hall, Second Edition, 2004. 2. Blahut, R.E. Theory and Practice of Error Control Codes Addison Wesley, 1984

DSP System Design lab

Contact Week Total Hours Sub. Code Pre-requisite Hours/ Lecture :3 :4 : Credits : CIE Marks : Marks : 2 50 50

: Digital Signal Processing, Communication systems, DSP Processors

Course Objectives : To design communication systems using DSP algorithms with TMS320C6713 DSK

List of experiments Non-real time experiments: 1. Compute linear Convolution of two sequences 2. Compute circular Convolution of two sequences 3. Compute DFT of a sequence using radix-2 algorithms 4. Generating a sine wave

Real-time experiments:

1. Verification of CODEC with audio loop through example 2. Implementation FIR and IIR filters 3. Amplitude and frequency modulation 4. Pseudo-random binary sequences and data scramblers 5. QAM transmitter and receiver 6. Echo cancellation for full-duplex modems

Reference Books: 1 Steven A. Tretter 2 Texas Instruments Communication system design using DSP algorithms with laboratory experiments for the TMS320C6713TM DSK. Texas Instruments TMS320C67x/C67x+ DSP CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide, 2006.