Lesson Two

Have - Present and Past Tense Present Tense I have We have You have You have He has She has They have It has Past Tense I had We had You had You had He had She had They had It had

Examples: I have a garden in my backyard. (present tense) I had a garden in my backyard last year, too. (past tense) You have some schoolwork to do. You also had some work to do yesterday. He has a beehive full of bees. He had a beehive when he was a child. Do you have any interest in bees? She has a fear of spiders. Do you have a fear of anything? They have fun playing in the water. They had a good time in this pool last week, too. Questions Present Tense Do I have... Do we have... Do you have... Do you have... Does he have.. Does she have... Do they have... Does it have... Negatives Present Tense - Negative do / does + not + main verb I don't have We don't have You don't have You don't have He doesn't have She doesn't have They don't have It doesn't Did Did Did Did Did I have... you have... he have... she have... it have... Past Tense Did we have... Did you have... Did they have...

Past Tense - Negative did + not + main verb I didn't have We didn't have You didn't have You didn't have He didn't have She didn't have They didn't have It didn't have

It's important to understand in the examples above that the main verb is in the simple form. You can make any verb negative in the present and past tense with this method--but not the verb "be."

Below are examples of how to make the present and past tense negative with verbs other than "have." simple have eat see be past had ate saw was / were

Today I don't have any work to do. (present tense) Yesterday I didn't have any work to do. (past tense) I usually don't eat a big breakfast. (present tense) Yesterday I didn't eat a big breakfast. (past tense) I don't see movies very often. (present tense) I didn't see that movie yet. (past tense) The verb "have" is also used as an auxiliary verb (or you can call it a "helping verb") when making the present perfect tense. To make the present perfect: has or have + the past participle You will learn more about this in Lesson Three. Eg. He has finished his beer. There isn't any beer left in the glass.

Lesson Three:

The Present Perfect Tense S + Has or Have + the Past Participle

Singular I have lived You have lived He has lived She has lived It has lived

Plural We have lived You have lived

They have lived

The present perfect is used for three reasons:

1. To describe an action that goes from the past up to the present moment. 2. To describe an action that occurred sometime in the past but the exact time is unknown. 3. To describe an action that was repeated many times in the past. 4. Contractions are usually used with this tense: I've lived, you've lived, he's lived, she's lived, etc. Examples 1. I have lived in Minnesota for 15 years. I've lived here since 1991. 2. You have heard this song before. You've listened to a lot of music, haven't you? 3. She has cleaned her bathroom twice this week. She's also cleaned her kitchen. (She's = she has) Don't confuse the present perfect with the past tense. The present perfect is used with unspecified periods of time in the past or to show the passage of time. Here's an example of a mistake: She has cleaned her bathroom yesterday. This mistake specifies when she did something which you can only do with a past tense. Here's the correction: She cleaned her bathroom yesterday. Sometimes people learning English use the past tense when they should use the present perfect. Here's an example of three common mistakes. I lived in Minnesota for 10 years. (ok but it sounds like he is no longer there and lives in another place.) I am living in Minnesota 10 years. (wrong) I live in Minnesota 10 years. (wrong) This person wants to say that he moved to Minnesota 10 years ago and is still there. In this case the present perfect is a good choice: I have lived in Minnesota for 10 years. (correct!) or... I have lived in Minnesota since 1996. Notice also that for and since are often used in the present perfect. For is used with numbers of days, weeks, months, years, centuries, etc., and since is used with specified days, months and years.

Lesson Four: The Present Perfect Tense - Negative

S + have or has + not + past participle Singular I have not worked You have not worked He has not worked She has not worked It has not worked Notice the use of "has" for a man, a woman, or a thing. Also, it's important to know the irregular past participles. Most Americans use the contracted form: have + not = haven't / has + not = hasn't Singular Plural I haven't worked You haven't worked He hasn't worked She hasn't worked It hasn't worked They haven't worked We haven't worked You haven't worked They have not worked Plural We have not worked You have not worked

More Examples of the Present Perfect Negative 1 I have not been to China. (contraction: I haven't been to China.) main verb: be 2 You have not been to China, either. (contraction: haven't been) main verb: be 3 He has not played this game before. This is the first time. (contraction: hasn't played) main verb: play 4 She has not cleaned the bathroom in a week. Now she's cleaning it. (contraction: hasn't cleaned) main verb: clean

The banana has not turned brown yet. It's still yellow. (contraction: hasn't turned) main verb: turn 6 We have not visited China. Never in our lives have we been there. (contraction: haven't visited) main verb: visit and been Notice that you can also make the present perfect negative by using "never." 7 You have not finished your lunch yet. (contraction: haven't finished) main verb: finish 8 They have not marched in the Minnesota State Fair Parade before. This is their first time. (contraction: haven't marched) main verb: march Lesson Five: The Present Perfect Tense - Questions Have or Has + Subject + past participle Singular Plural Have I seen... Have you seen... Has he seen... Has she seen... Has it seen... In the example above, the verb "see" is in the present perfect tense. "Seen" is the past participle for the verb "see." When you begin a question with "have" or "has," the answer is usually yes or no. Examples: 1. Have I ever met you? (Answer: Yes, you have.) 2. Have you lived in the United States long? (Answer: No, I haven't.) 3. Has he had any coffee yet this morning? (Answer: No, he hasn't.) 4. Has she ridden a bike before? (Answer: Yes, she has.) 5. Has the goat eaten anything yet today? (Answer: No, it hasn't.) Have they seen... Have we seen... Have you seen...

6. Have we known each other for a long time? (Answer: No, we haven't. We've known each other for a short time.) 7. Have you ever traveled to China? (Answer: No, we haven't.) 8. Have they marched in this parade before? (Answer: No, they haven't, but they have marched in other parades.) Lesson Two: "I was born..." One good way to begin thinking about the passive voice is with this question: "Where were you born?" The answer: I was born in ___________ (country). This very common question is asked in the passive voice. In fact, it's the only way to ask it. The verb "bear" means to have or to produce children. No one says, for example, "Where did your mother bear you?" This lesson is focused only on where and when you were born, which you are frequently asked in the U.S. Singular Plural I was born You were born He was born She was born It was born The simple form of the verb is "bear." The past tense is "bore." The words "bear" and "bore" are typically not used when describing a birth -- except for animals. Examples: I was born in Germany. You were born in _______. (name of country) This radio announcer was born in Iran. He was born in Iran. This famous actress was born in India. She was born in India. This penguin was born in a zoo. It was born in a zoo. We were born in different countries. I was born in Germany, and you were born in Vietnam. You were born in the United States. These children were all born in the United States. They were born in the United States. They were born We were born You were born

Lesson Three: The Present Passive Subject + (be) + past participle singular I am + __________ You are + __________

plural

We are + __________ You are + __________

He is + ___________ They are + __________ She is + __________ It is + __________ * Adding the past participle after the verb "be" causes some students to believe the sentence is in the past tense, but it isn't.

Active Voice I teach English.

You learn English. He learns English. She learns English. Sony makes this computer. (Can't use "learn" for a machine--not usually.) We learn English. You learn English. They learn English

Passive Voice English is taught by me. (note: this example sounds a little strange.) You are taught English. He is taught English. She is taught English. It's made by Sony.

We are taught English. You are taught English. They are taught English.

Remember: The verb "be" indicates the verb tense. In this lesson, the verbs are in the present tense. In the next lesson, the verbs will be in the past tense.