GSM Architecture

Muhammad Amjad
020-bscs-08

Source
Pakistan 0092 321 4455660

Destination
Denmark 0045 6217540

Roaming
Saudi Arabia (Zain) Operater Services

Description:
0092 321 4455660 is the warid subscriber. The subscriber dials the mobile number, pressed the send key, and the mobile phone sends a call setup request message to the mobile phone network via the nearest mobile phone BTS (Base Transceiver Station). The call setup request message is handled next by the MSC (Mobile Switching Center), the first job of the MSC is to determine the current location of the mobile phone in order to connect the call. It does this by consulting the HLR (Home Location Register), knows which Visitor Location Register (VLR) the phone is associated with. Subscriber has no entry in the home subscriber register of the network. So, then pre-code of the request call which is 0045 send to the Country Gateway. From the Pakistan country gateway it will be forwarded to core network. Core network will find the country of that country code. Request will be sent to country gateway of Denmark from where it will be sent to the concerned network GMSC. The GMSC will check that number is on roaming in Saudi Arabia. It will send the request back to core network through country gateway. Core network will forward the call to Saudi Arabia Gateway from here request will be sent to GMSC where it will be determined that to which BTS the Concerned mobile phone is connected. GMSC will forward the request to relevant MSC. MSC will check the current status of the mobile, if not busy it will forward the request to BSC. BSC will forward the request to relevant BTS and connects the call.

Source
Pakistan 0092 321 4455660

Destination
Pakistan 0092 321 4466771

Roaming
Switched Services to mobilink

Description:
0092 321 4455660 is the warid subscriber. The subscriber dials the mobile number, pressed the send key, and the mobile phone sends a call setup request message to the mobile phone network via the nearest mobile phone BTS (Base Transceiver Station). The call setup request message is handled next by the MSC (Mobile Switching Center), the first job of the MSC is to determine the current location of the mobile phone in order to connect the call. It does this by consulting the HLR (Home Location Register), knows which Visitor Location Register (VLR) the phone is associated with. Subscriber has an entry in the home subscriber register but it is switched to the Mobilink network. The call will be forward to GMSC of Mobilink. GMSC will forward the request to relevant MSC. MSC will check the current status of the mobile busy or not, if not busy it will forward the request to BSC. BSC will forward the request to relevant BTS and connects the call.

Source
Pakistan 0092 300 9413120

Destination
England (3G) 0044 741 6666110 Switched OFF

Roaming

Description:
0092 321 4455660 is the warid subscriber. The subscriber dials the mobile number, pressed the send key, and the mobile phone sends a call setup request message to the mobile phone network via the nearest mobile phone BTS (Base Transceiver Station). The call setup request message is handled next by the MSC (Mobile Switching Center), the first job of the MSC is to determine the current location of the mobile phone in order to connect the call. It does this by consulting the HLR (Home Location Register), knows which Visitor Location Register (VLR) the phone is associated with. Subscriber has no entry in the home subscriber register of the network. Then pre-code of the request call which is 0044 send to the Country Gateway. From the Pakistan country gateway it will be forwarded to core network. Core network will find the country of that country code. Request will be sent to country gateway of England from where it will be sent to the concerned network GMSC. Request will be sent to country gateway of UK from where it will be sent to the concerned network GMSC. The GMSC will check which MSC leads the path to that mobile. Since mobile is switched off so there could not MSC connected to that mobile and GMSC found no MSC. And returns back a switched off signal to the source.

Source
Pakistan 0092 345 9991122

Destination
Austrailia 0061 425 0761

Roaming
Roaming with (TIM) operator sevices in italy and user bzy.

Description:
0092 321 4455660 is the warid subscriber. The subscriber dials the mobile number, pressed the send key, and the mobile phone sends a call setup request message to the mobile phone network via the nearest mobile phone BTS (Base Transceiver Station). The call setup request message is handled next by the MSC (Mobile Switching Center), the first job of the MSC is to determine the current location of the mobile phone in order to connect the call. It did this by consulting the HLR (Home Location Register), knows which Visitor Location Register (VLR) the phone is associated with. Subscriber has no entry in the home subscriber register of the network. Then pre-code of the request call which is 0061 send to the Country Gateway. As the network is not found, so GMSC forward the request to Country Gateway from where it will be forwarded to core network. Core network will find the country of that country code. Request will be sent to country gateway of Australia from where it will be sent to the concerned network GMSC. The GMSC will check that number is on roaming in Italy. It will send the request back to core network through country gateway. Core network will forward the call to Italy Gateway from here request will be sent to GMSC where it will be determined that to which BTS the Concerned mobile phone is connected. GMSC will forward the request to relevant MSC. MSC will check the current status of the mobile, In given case mobile is busy, the busy signal will be sent back to the source.