Engineering Drawing S R Kale

Flow / Schematic / Process Flow / P&I Drawings:

Equipment
Ver. R0 (Oct 2009)

Schematic / PFD / Flow diagrams

Applications: Power plants, Cogeneration, Oil and Natural gas Paper and pulp Plastics and chemicals Food processing Building air conditioning and ventilation Mineral processing Utilities (water, steam, N2, O2, )

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Instruments

TI

Rankine cycle (MEL140)

Equipment Lines

PI

Fittings
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Lines - purpose
Line denotes pipes, tubes, ducts carrying the working fluid that Connects equipment, fittings, instruments & controls
in a scientific / technical manner to put together the

Process sequence
that meets the process objectives in normal system and takes care of

Operating requirements
e.g. maintenance, stand-by, start-up, shut-down, vents, drains, safety, -- abnormal situations
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Lines Materials (fluid) handled

Working fluids : Water, steam, air, gas, oil, fuel, Working fluid sub-classification
Water (liquid): Tap, filtered, soft, DM, fire fighting, river, sea, potable. OR Warm, cold, chilled, tap Steam: S/H, low pressure, high pressure, wet, Oil: Lube (!), HSD, crude, kerosene, thermic fluid, Gas: NG, LPG, Biogas, flue gas, CO2, H2, Air (compressed) Refrigerant: R-??, Sub-cooled, S/H, wet, refrigerants, blood, chemicals (Cl2, O2, CO2, H2, H2SO4, ), food, coal,..

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Line representation
Line types for clarity, one type per fluid (/state)
o o o o o

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Lines Pipe exterior

Steam tracing
Steam line

Electric tracing
Electric heater

Heavy oil,

Insulated

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Lines - Interconnections
Connected lines Cross-over (no connection)

Continuation from
From B on drawing no. 12

Continuation to
To A on drawing no. 89

Termination

Flanged
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Plugged
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Lines - Termination
Types of connections
Threaded Flanged Welded

Termination

Flanged
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Plugged
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Lines - Distribution
Header
Large diameter pipe/duct, distributor More than one inflows and/or outflows Ensures uniform distribution amongst tappings Fitted with vent and drain Tapping Small diameter pipe/duct that branch-off

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Lines Process requiremnt

Lines connect equipment and fittings as per process scheme/requirement. Direction of flow with arrows Example
Eqpt. 2 Eqpt #1 Continued to A, on same/other drwg
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Schematics Equipment (typ.)

Tank Pump, fan, blower Turbine Compressor Heat exchanger, boiler Chimney Conveyor Air blown heat exchanger
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Equipment Tanks/Storage
Tanks - storage

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Equipment - Pumps
Pumps liquid flow
Centrifugal

Gear (positive displacement) Relief/safety valve integral

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Equipment Fans, Blowers

Blowers, fans gas, air flow
Centrifugal

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Equipment Heat exchanger

mixing

Heat exchanger heat transfer between two fluids without

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Equipment Heat exchange, ..

Heat exchanger air blown (air cooler, air heater typ.)

Desuperheater steam

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Equipment Turbine, compressor

Compressor gas, air Turbine steam, gas, hydro

Compressor with bleed

Turbine steam with extraction

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Equipment Bulk materials

Hopper store & feed Mill, crusher crush

g
Granular materials

Feeder metered

Conveyor belt,

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Equipment Cooling tower

Cooling tower
forced draft

Cooling tower
natural draft

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Equipment Chimney/stack
Chimney, stack

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Equipment Motor, generator

Electric motor, generator (usually A.C.)

~
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Equipment - Others
Process specific create with resemblance to equipment
+ Tyre making machine Paper machine Machine tool Tanker truck, truck Railway tanker, freight wagon Ship, boat Furnace Boiler Digester Stack of granular material Steel mill , non-ferrous. ++
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Fittings - Types
Expansion joint Reducer/ expander Blind flange, Plug Drain funnel Vent (with goose neck) Silencer Y-strainer, T-strainer, Basket strainer Sight glass Steam trap
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Fittings - Expansion Joint

Diesel engine exhaust

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Fittings - Expansion Joint

Application
Allow relative movement thermal expansion, pressure, machine vibration

Symbol

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Fittings - Flexible hose

HSDO line at boiler burner

Lube oil, HSDO & water lines on diesel engine

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Fittings - Flexible hose

Application
Allow flexibility in placement and connectivity of different equipment and fittings

Symbol

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Fittings - Y-strainer

Water from cooling tower to pump (DG set)

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HSDO from tank to burner (boiler)

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Fittings - Y-strainer
Application
Metal wire mesh removes large particles Mesh can be removed, cleaned & reassembled without disturbing piping

Symbol

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Fittings - Basket strainer

HSDO filter on diesel engine (DG set)

HSDO from tank to burner (boiler)

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Fittings - Basket strainer

Application
Fine wire mesh or fabric filter removes small particles Mesh/filter element can be removed replaced without disturbing piping

Symbol

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Fittings - Filter

Intake air filter on diesel engine (DG set)

Air filter in HVAC system (CSC A.C.)

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Fittings - Filter
Application
Fine opening fabric removes small & very small particles Mesh/filter element can be removed replaced without disturbing assembly

Symbol

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Fittings - Drains
Applications
Drain liquid from pipes & equipment to enable maintenance Connection at lowest point of equipment and piping On-Off valve normally closed Outlet to nearest drain (channel)

Symbols

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Fittings - Vents

Vent on boiler shell

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Fittings - Vents
Applications
Open at start-up to vent out air from pipes & equipment Open while draining pipes & equipment to let air in Connection at highest point of equipment and piping On-Off valve normally closed OR no valve Outlet led to safe point or locally at gooseneck

Symbols

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Fittings - Silencer
Application
Reduce noise due to sudden expansion Engine exhaust, safety valve outlet, compressor inlet,

Symbol

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Schematics Stand-by capacity

System operates if one equipment / fitting is out of service Extra investment plant operates at full or part load without complete shut-down ($$$). Equipment/fittings connected in parallel. Too many equipment/fittings Maintenance , space , cost , Compromise, optimize philosophy, experience

Application

Notation

100 % Provides the full required process capacity. 50 % Provides half the required process capacity, so on..

Examples
1 1 3 4 x x x x

100%. 2 x 100%, 3 x 10 % ( ) 50% , 2 x 50 %. 3 x 50%, 4 x 50% ( ), 5 x 50% ( ) 33%, 4 x 33% ( ) 25%, 5 x 25% ( ), 11 x 10% ( ),
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Example Gas turbine power plant

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Example - Lubricating Oil System

BEARING LUBE OIL TANK

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Francis Turbine Lube Oil System

Drawing given in class

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Francis Turbine Lube Oil System

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Schematics Next step

This information
+ Information on Layout & G.A. drawings

Pipe routing as 3-D drawings Specifications of piping

Fluid, pressure, temperature, Material, OD, thickness, insulation

instruments, equipment, construction, pipe support, cable trays, . . . . THEN purchase & construction commence !
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Civil drawings Power, instrument & control cable routing Bill of materials (& specs.) pipes, fittings,

Lecture - Summary
Schematic drawings show: line connections between equipment and fittings so that process logic is realized; symbolic arrangements, not to scale; Bill of Materials pipes, equipment & fittings;

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