Bureaucratic Theory of Management Max Weber:

Bureaucracy fundamentally means the exercise of control on the basis of knowledge. Max Weber had a strong belief in the use of logic and reason and his purpose was to clearly develop an Ideal-Type Model which would be a standard to judge and evaluate all forms of organization. The following are the characteristics of a Bureaucratic Firm: Continuous organizations bound by rules: The organizations are expected to carry their business continuously but are to be bound to rules and regulations laid down by the higher Authorities. Structure based on Hierarchy: It is basically like a pyramid of control like in military where higher-level officials supervise lower- level officials. Similarly in an organization superiors instruct and communicate the subordinates about what is to be done. Communication Flow is from Upwards to Downward. Employment which presupposes Expert Training: All employees hired by the organization must demonstrate their organization for the job through Adequate Technical Training i.e. through education, training and experience. Principle of Complete Separation: the members of Administrative Staff should be completely separated from the ownership of means of production or administration. All decisions, rules and administration acts which have been formulated have to be recorded in writing even in cases where oral decisions were mandatory. Employees have full-time working careers and all remunerated by fix salaries in money with a right to pension. Qualification and Competence: Competence means being fit for the job Qualification means some degree of Preparation and Education It was on these qualities that division of labour is to be done to achieve organizational objectives. Max Weber believed that bureaucracy is the most efficient and rational form of organization. The primary strength of bureaucracy lies in its ability to perform Standardized Activities in a highly efficient manner and thus it is a blue print for dividing Authority, Responsibility and Accountability.

Theory of Scientific Management Frederick. W. Taylor:

In its simplest form the theory is the belief that there is one best way to do a job and scientific methods can be used to determine that one best way. Taylor developed his theory through observations and experience as a mechanical engineer. As a mechanical engineer Taylor noticed that the environment lacked work standards, bred inefficient workers and jobs were allocated to people without matching their skills and ability. Thus se set 4 principles by which an increase in productivity can be achieved. They are as follows: Develop a science for each elements of an individuals work which replaces the original Rule of Thumb Scientifically select then train, teach and develop the worker. Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers with the former being there for more of the Execution work. Cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all the work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that have been developed. Thus the key is to match jobs according to each of their workers skills and abilities and provide them with proper training and tools to accomplish it.