Implementation TCP/IP in WSN

Work Group (WG) from IETF called 6LowPAN created to develop an energy aware adaptation model for the integration of IPv6 packets over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (LowPANs), and released two RFC RFC4919 and RFC4944 . There already 3 implementations for 6LowPAN which are: 1- 6Lowpancli (tinyos-2.1.0/apps/6lowpancli/README) 2- Blowpan (BLIP) 3- SICSlowpan 6Lowpancli and Blowpan (BLIP) implemented for TinyOS-2.x . SICSlowpan implemented for ContikiOS , there is comparison between them:

BLIP (Berkeley Low-power IP stack):

I will introduce BLIP implementation, installation and testing steps using MicaZ or TelosB or combination of them. Because 6lowpancli is not complete and I tried to use SICSlowpan but it was work well with telos and Tmote sky but not with micaz. BLIP is implemented in tinos-2.1.1 so we need to install it first.

Installation of TinyOS-2.1.1:
( I will use Ubuntu-11.04 in VMware workstation. Set network adapter on NAT and chick internet connection) Open Terminal to edit sources.list file sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list add this line into the end of the file opened deb http://tinyos.stanford.edu/tinyos/dists/ubuntu karmic main karmic for all type of ubuntu distribution. Install aptitude package sudo apt-get install uptitude Install autoconf package sudo apt-get install autoconf2.13 Then type this command to install TinyOS-2.1.1 sudo aptitude install tinyos-2.1.1 Also you can install TinyOs-2.1.1 using Synaptic Package Manager after add deb http://tinyos.stanford.edu/tinyos/dists/ubuntu karmic main in setting->Repositories>Other Software, and then use search to find tinyos-2.1.1 and click on it and install it. Now change the owner of the folder tinyos-2.1.1/ sudo chown R username:group /opt/tinyos-2.1.1/ (change username by your user name, and group by user names group). Before to be ready to use tinyos-2.1.1 you should configure some environment variables sudo gedit /opt/tinyos-2.1.1/tinyos.sh add /tinyos.jar to the end of CLASSPATH to be like this : CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$TOSROOT/support/sdk/java/tinyos.jar Also edit user bash file as following: sudo gedit ~/.bashrc and add this line to the end of the file source /opt/tinyos-2.1.1/tinyos.sh If you find any terrible with java then install openjdk-6-jre-headless sudo apt-get install openjdk-6-jre-headless

If everything is okay then you can go ahead and test BLIP as it shown below.

Test BLIP:
Commissioning a simple blip subnetwork is not complicated. Here are the steps:
1- Add an 802.15.4 interface to the device (Edge router). 2- Install your program image on the motes (node router) 3- Compile and run the routing driver.

Add an 8.15.4 interface to the device using apps/IPBaseStation as following:

cd $TOSROOT/apps/IPBaseStation $ make telosb blip install (for telosb mote) $ make micaz blip install mib520, /dev/ttyUSB0 ( use mib520 for micaz mote connected via usb programming board mib520. If you use serial board you should change it to mib510).

Note: Make sure that mote is defined, you can use this command to chick ls /dev/. Usually mote port is ttyUSB0 or ttyUSB1. Also you should note that mib520/510 programming board defines two ports ttyUSB0 -programming port- and ttyUSB1 communication port- so you should be careful on the port No. You dont need to determine port for telosb platform.

Install your program image on the mote (Node Router):

A sample application is provided in $TOSROOT/apps/UDPEcho. This application provides a UDP echo service on port 7, as well as a very simple UDP-based shell on port 2000. To install this application on an attached mote: cd $TOSROOT/apps/UPDEcho make micaz blip install,ID mib520,/dev/ttyUSB0 set ID as node ID, mib520 if you use usb programming board like I use but if you use serial board then set mib510 instead of mib520. make telosb blip install,ID ID represents the node ID so set it as unique number.

Compile and run the routing driver:

Before compile the driver you need to build it: cd $TOSROOT/support/sdk/c/sf ./bootstrap ./configure make cd $TOSROOT/support/sdk/c/blip ./bootstrap.sh ./configure make

Now connect the edge router mote (which you installed IPBaseStation image on it) and let us assume it was micaz. Then run routing driver: While you are still in the $TOSROOT/support/sdk/c/blip directory run this command sudo driver/ip-driver /dev/ttyUSB1 micaz Note: Routing driver communicate with communication port /dev/ttyUSB1 not programming port /dev/ttyUSB0. If you see output like this, then everything is okay.

The numbers you see at the last two lines are the node id which are running while you run the command. Ping each node connected to edge router (sink) using ipv6 fec0::ID so open new terminal and type these commands : ping6 fec0::4

Output should be like this

Edge router configuration:

Router driver loads its configuration from this file $TOSROOT/support/sdk/c/blip/serial_tun.conf. It contains IPv6 prefix for the subnet and channel used. Means you may want to change IPv6 default prefix from fec0::Node_ID to be fc00::NodeID (default router IP fec0::64)or change 802.15.4 channel from 15 to any other channel in the range 11-26.

Build your own SimpleUDPEcho application:

It is simple just use UDP interface and wire it with UdpSocketC. interface UDP { command error_t bind(uint16_t port); command error_t sendto(struct sockaddr_in6 *dest, void *payload, uint16_t len); event void recvfrom(struct sockaddr_in6 *src, void *payload, uint16_t len, struct ip_metadata *meta); } bind command to open a port and start listening directly. sendto command to send a message and recvfrom event fire when there is new message received. SimpleUDPEchoP.nc file: #include <ip.h> module SimpleUDPEchoP { uses { interface Boot; interface SplitControl as RadioControl; interface UDP as Echo; interface Leds; } } implementation {

event void Boot.booted() { call RadioControl.start();

call Echo.bind(7); // open port on port 7 and start listening } event void RadioControl.startDone(error_t e) { } event void RadioControl.stopDone(error_t e) { } event void Echo.recvfrom(struct sockaddr_in6 *from, void *data, uint16_t len, struct ip_metadata *meta) { call Echo.sendto(from, data, len); // return the same message payload to the sender (ECHO) call Leds.led0Toggle(); } } SimpleUDPEchoC.nc file: configuration SimpleUDPEchoC { } implementation { components MainC, LedsC; components SimpleUDPEchoP; UDPEchoP.Boot -> MainC; UDPEchoP.Leds -> LedsC; components IPDispatchC; UDPEchoP.RadioControl -> IPDispatchC; components new UdpSocketC() as Echo; UDPEchoP.Echo -> Echo; } Makefile: COMPONENT=SimpleUDPEchoC CFLAGS += -DCC2420_DEF_CHANNEL=15 CFLAGS += -DRF230_DEF_CHANNEL=15 CFLAGS += -DIEEE154FRAMES_ENABLED include $(MAKERULES) Note: Usage: 1. Install IPBaseStation into edge router (mote) 2. Install SimpleUDPEcho in another mote 3. Run routing driver If you change channel in $TOSROOT/support/sdk/c/blip/serial_tun.conf you should change it here in Makefile as well. You can just bind one port .

4. Open terminal and connect with SimpleUDPEcho nc6 u fec0::4 7 assuming you installed SimpleUDPecho on node 4, 7 is the port number.

Linux commands you may need:

Enable login using root in GUI sudo passwd root (set a password) sudo passwd u root (unlock root user)

Tinyos-2.1.1 Troubleshooting :
-

If you try to run make micaz and it gives you a long error message starting with: Inttypes.h or stddef.h: No such file or directory I faced this error and tried a lot to fixed c library/build-essential with no avail, the solution was install tinyos-2.1.1 using aptitude from http://tinyos.stanford.edu/tinyos/dists/ubuntu instead of http://hinrg.cs.jhu.edu/tinyos and everything was okay. If you try to run make <platform> and it gives you an error in permission permission denied , then change the owner of the folder as it is explained in installation steps. Also if you find any installation problem especially in msp430 or avr packages as I found- then you may need to try to install tinyos-2.1.1 using installation steps above.

Note: I used ubuntu-11.04 in VMware workstation.

If you faced any troubles with this tutorial please feedback me: Alshaboti_it@yahoo.com

Further Reading :
http://docs.tinyos.net/tinywiki/index.php/BLIP_Tutorial http://docs.tinyos.net/tinywiki/index.php/Installing_TinyOS_2.1.1 http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4944 Evaluating 6lowPAN implementations in WSNs byRicardo Silva, Jorge S Silva and Fernando Boavida, Department of Informatics Engineering, University of Coimbra Installation of blip under Ubuntu 10.04.pdf