Biography Dr. Linah Askari (170 words) Dr.

. Linah Askari, Assistant Professor - Psychology, College of Business Management, Institute of Business Management, holds a PhD in Psychology from the University of Karachi - Pakistan. A gold medalist in both MSc Psychology and Post Magistral Diploma in Clinical Psychology from the University of Karachi. She has been involved in teaching BBA, MBA and MPhil students. She has also been supervising research for MPhil/PhD students since 2004. She believes that Life is learning, Learning is Experience & Experience we share, keeps us alive! She is the Founder Director of The Ideal Parents A national Trust in Pakistan, to help and train parents to raise successful children. She has been awarded Star Laureate in 2006 for Whos Who in Pakistan. The Inventress of; Attitudinize Psychotherapy, the new theory of emotionality Heart the Sixth Sense Organ for Emotions , the new theory of rationality Mind (not Brain) the Seventh Sense Organ for Reasoning and Predictability & Pain Management Therapy Crossing the Threshold. She has appeared in Media as an Expert Psychologist. Biography Dr. Linah Askari (80 words..)

Dr. Linah Askari, Assistant Professor - Psychology, College of Business Management, Institute of Business Management, holds a PhD in Psychology from the University of Karachi - Pakistan. A gold medalist in both MSc Psychology and Post Magistral Diploma in Clinical Psychology from the University of Karachi. She is the Founder Director of The Ideal Parents A national Trust in Pakistan, to help and train parents to raise successful children. She has been awarded Star Laureate in 2006 for Whos Who in Pakistan.
Biography Dr. Linah Askari (53 words..)

Dr. Linah Askari, Assistant Professor - Psychology, CBM, IoBM. PhD in Psychology from the University of Karachi - Pakistan. A gold medalist in both MSc Psychology and PMDCP from University of Karachi. Founder Director of The Ideal Parents A national Trust in Pakistan. Awarded Star Laureate in 2006 for Whos Who in Pakistan.

TITLE PAGE

THE ATTITUDINIZE PSYCHOTHERAPY

DR. LINAH ASKARI ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, PSYCHOLOGY COLLEGE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Residence Address; D28, Navy Housing Scheme, Zamzama Road, Clifton, Karachi Pakistan Office Address; Institute of Business Management, Korangi Creek Karachi 75190 Pakistan

Mobile; 0300 2632074 Office Fax ; 9221- 509-0968, 509-2658 Office phone; 9221 111-002-004 Email; dr.linah@iobm.edu.pk

KEY WORDS: PSYCHOTHERAPY, ATTITUDINIZE, EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS, SELF ESTEEM.

THE ATTITUDINIZE PSYCHOTHERAPY

Dr. Linah Askari ABSTRACT

The Attitudinize therapy is a complete psychotherapy dealing effectively with all the six vital aspects concerning an emotional problem of a human being. The research will help to provide recommendations to the parents and other adults to seek help through Attitudinize Therapy for the treatment of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms, Reducing Suicidal Ideation, Enhancing Self Esteem and dealing with general emotional problems, if they are searching for a complete, economical, less time consuming and easily adaptable method of psychotherapy. The Attitudinize therapy slows down the aging process, through inculcating positive attitudes within psychological, terminological, physiological, spiritual, neuro-hormonal and time-management aspects. A combination of a healthy, active lifestyle with balanced food, water, oxygen content choices and persistent positive attitudes would enhance healthy aging. Overall, our mental state, our physical fitness and our nutritional status provide us with the pathways to healthy aging. In fact, there is increasing evidence that the aging process can be minimized, and survival can be extended through some simple strategies of the attitudinize therapy. To conduct an initial study, it was hypothesized that the attitudinize therapy enhances the Self Esteem of a person, which would be beneficial in turn for him/her to achieve better in educational performance. In order to test the hypothesis, the sample comprised of Ninety Male and Ninety Female Adult Students of Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi. This study comprises of Three phases, in the first phase the students were selected who had Low - Score (Below 50) on Self esteem Test by administering Queendoms Self Esteem Test (2003), and were then divided into TWO groups; THERAPY GROUP; the students on which Attitudinize therapy would be conducted, and NO THERAPY GROUP; the students on which NO Attitudinize Therapy would be conducted. Also Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (Therapy Form) (Modified by Dr. Linah Askari, 2003) and various demographic questionnaires were also administered to the whole sample. In addition, the Grade Point

Average (GPA) of all the students was recorded for the previous semester. In the second phase, Attitudinize Therapy was conducted for fourteen weeks (75 minute session, twice a week) on the THERAPY GROUP only. In the third phase, after completion of various demographic questionnaires, the whole sample of 90 males and 90 females were re-administered the Queendoms Self Esteem Test (2003) and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (Therapy Form) (Modified by Prof. Dr. Linah Askari, 2003). Again the Grade Point Average (GPA) of all the students included within the sample was recorded for the present semester to relate the effectiveness of the Attitudinize Therapy with the Enhancement of Self Esteem and their Educational Performance.

THE ATTITUDINIZE PSYCHOTHERAPY

OBJECTIVE The human attitudes follow the value systems for approval, love, achievement, perfectionism, entitlement, omnipotence and autonomy. And when these needs are not met successfully, the human attitudes become negative or dysfunctional that reacts to stressors, and at this point the individual experiences emotional problems. This study proposes to enhance Self-Esteem of the individual through Attitudinize Psychotherapy. Our objective is to prove the effectiveness of the new introduced Attitudinize Psychotherapy, which can prove an economical, practical and innovative intervention to enable the individual to turn their dysfunctional attitudes (within all the six dimensions) into adaptive (functional/positive) attitudes for the benefit of individual, treatment of the emotional problems and success in life. INTRODUCTION Bartleby (2000) defines, Attitudinize means to assume an affected attitude; Practice or adopt attitudes especially for effect. The Attitudinize therapy is a complete psychotherapy dealing effectively with all the six vital aspects concerning an emotional problem of a human being. Meanwhile in Pakistan, in its initial study phase, Attitudinize therapy began to prove to be the therapy of choice for many mental health care problems, including depression, suicidal ideation and the anxiety disorders. Attitudinize therapy can be easily conducted in Individual Sessions as well as in Group Sessions, as per Clients Choice. Individual Sessions Typically, individual treatment involves seeing the therapist one to two times per week for a fifty-minute session, although other schedules are not uncommon. Due to financial concerns, for example, some patients opt to see the therapist every other week. Similarly, some clients, who are interested in very intensive work, may come as often as four or five times weekly. Individual goals, personality style and financial resources determine the scheduling. One of the main advantages to the individual treatment option is the way in which it facilitates a very intense personal relationship with the therapist. This allows the client to explore and play out patterns that may influence other close relationships throughout his or her life, without the same complications that exist in friendships, family relationships, and other significant interpersonal relationships. Advantages with Attitudinize Individual Therapy No one except the therapist will know your secrets.

The therapist gets more time to handle your particular problems. You can often penetrate deeper into your inner problems than with group therapy. Individual attention from a respectable person sometimes becomes of the core importance for the client to review the life patterns and inculcate positive changes. You do not have to listen to other people, which seems better with ones own problems. You can arrange a time which suits you and you do not have to co-ordinate your calendar with other people and available group therapy slots. Group Sessions Group psychotherapy consists of a group of five to seven individuals meeting on a regular basis

to discuss both private and group issues. Most commonly, the group meets once per week for an hour and a half, although twice weekly meetings are not uncommon. Group members are selected from a pool of Dr. Linahs clients and other referral sources to best match the diverse individual needs of all participants. The main advantage to group psychotherapy is its emphasis on multiple relationships with particular attention to how individual personality dynamics play out in a wide variety of situations. This allows the client to get multiple perspectives about the way that others perceive him or her. Advantages with Attitudinize Group Therapy: Group therapy usually costs much less. The clients attendance in the group for the first time is like a public declaration of their commitment to change. Meeting other people with problems can give a wider perspective of your own problems. The group provides opportunities for vicarious learning from witnessing other people solve similar problems. Listening to other people helps you understand that you can view and handle problems in more than one way. Other people can give encouragement and emotional support; a general feeling for the human condition: "We are all in the same boat." There is a sense of universality, realizing they are not alone in suffering from their problems. Through role-play, realistic yet controlled exposure situations can be tailored to the individual needs of each client present in the group. The Theory of Attitudinize Psychotherapy The Theory of Attitudinize Psychotherapy postulated by Dr. Linah Askari proposes, All Behaviors arise from Attitudes and Intentions. It means that the bases of every human action and

reaction are the attitude / intention. After the arousal of a positive or a negative attitude (intention) to particular stimuli or situation, the person starts thinking on those terms, beliefs due to his / her past experiences arise accordingly and hence the behavior in the connection is framed. Askari (2005) suggests, Attitudes determine how we mold our personalities by continuously reacting to people and to objects within the environment. These attitudes determine our behavior in social, physical, psychological, spiritual and time-line situations. As a general rule, positive attitudes will always benefit the individual and their environment together producing favorable behaviors, while negative attitudes will always produce detrimental effects for the individual as well as the environment by producing unfavorable behaviors. Definitions of Attitude To some investigators, attitudes pertained primarily to affective reactions --- feelings or emotional reactions to an object (Katz, 1960; Thurstone, 1928). Others in contrast, proposed that attitudes were not different from other cognitions such as beliefs, values, and knowledge (Chave, 1928). A third group held fast to the original emphasis on behavior by defining an attitude as a tendency to behave in a certain way (Campbell, 1950; Green, 1954). Many theorists believe that attitudes involve all three of the elements identified by earlier researchers i.e., affect, cognitions, and behavior. According to this tricomponent theory, an attitude is (1) an affective feeling of liking or disliking based on (2) beliefs (cognitions) about an object or a person, which (3) leads to a readiness to behave in a certain manner (Breckler, 1984; Smith, 1947). According to Christopher (2001), There is no single, universally accepted definition of attitude. However, several authors seem to agree that attitude may be thought of in terms of a tendency to evaluate a stimulus with some degree of favor or disfavor, usually expressed in cognitive, affective, or behavioral responses. De Angelis (2002) proposes, Attitude is a state of mind with which an individual approaches a situation. Moallemm (2003) states, Attitude is a personal feeling or belief that influences a persons tendency to act in a particular way. And an Attitude affects the choice that one makes. Webster (2003) defines, Attitude is a complex mental state involving beliefs, feelings, values and dispositions to act in certain ways. In addition, Attitude is a psychological tendency expressed by an evaluative response that can be overt or covert, cognitive, affective or behavioral. Components of Attitude Kamradt and Kamradt (1999) defines, Attitude is a psychophysical structure that stores related bits of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor learning in a manner that allows instantaneous,

subconscious access by its owner (p. 570). They view attitude as the fundamental unit of learning. As shown in Figure 1, bits of cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning are the components of attitudes. Figure1: Components and Structure of a Discrete Attitude (Kamradt & Kamradt, 1999) To Change an attitude The instructional model (shown in Figure 2) proposed by Kamradt and Kamradt (1999) is intended to help a learner change an attitude when he/she is willing to do so. Its general strategy is to simultaneously move all three components of the attitude (affective, cognitive and behavioral) the same amount in the same direction, using rapid shifts in instructional tactics, from one component to another. The authors noted that if the instructional process does not fully and correctly integrate all three components of an attitude (affective, cognitive, and psychomotor), learners would subconsciously fill in the blanks withinformation drawn ingenuously from their own experience and temperament. This distorts the instructional main-focused instructional plan, leading to unpredictable performance outcomes.

Figure 2: Holistic Instructional Strategy, by Kamradt & Kamradt (1999). Attitudinal process Within an attitude, the three components interact through an explicit structure and process. This concept map shows understanding about an attitudinal process. An unresolved need activates a latent attitude of a person the feeling in the affective domain, the related knowledge and experiences in the cognitive domain, the selection of a course of action, and the implementation of the action. The selected action may successfully solve the need, which reflects an attitudinal consistency, or fail to solve the need, which creates an attitudinal dissonance. If an attitude is lacking in consistency or if its reliability becomes questionable, a person tends to invest a great deal of mental-emotional energy in refining it to a higher level of consistency. However, if an attitude is inherently dissonant and its consistency is damaged beyond repair, it becomes a dysfunctional attitude (Kamradt & Kamradt, 1999).

Concept Map: An Attitudinal Process Theory by (Kamradt & Kamradt, 1999), and design by (Reigeluth, 1999).

Affect ive
LATENT ATTITUDE

Unres olved Need

Trig ger

Feeling

Define the feeling

Choose a course of action Psychomotor React to the unresolved need

Recall related knowledge Cognitive

Does the action work?

No

Yes
ATTITUDINAL CONSISTENCY

ATTITUDINAL DISSONANCE

Yes Is it repaira ble?

Refine the Attitude

No
DYSFUNCTIONAL ATTITUDE

Weissman (1979) hypothesized that Dysfunctional Attitudes are the distorted beliefs or attitudes reacting to stressors. They may include: The need for perfectionist achievement. Constant approval by others. The need for unconditional Love. Ones sense of entitlement to things as happiness, love, success, etc. Constant sense of personal responsibility for self and the environment. Ones ability to be responsible to find happiness within oneself or seek it from the outside world. Attitudinize Attitude makes a difference every hour, everyday, in everything that one does for the entire life. Anything done with a positive attitude will work beneficially, whereas anything done with a negative attitude will work harmfully. If one has a positive attitude, a person looks for ways to solve the problems that one can solve, and let go off things, over which one has no control. One can develop a positive attitude by emphasizing the good, by being tough-minded and by refusing defeat. The greatest discovery of any generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering the attitudes of their minds (Schweitzer, 2002). Beck (1963, 1964) found that depressed patients tended to distort their experiences in an idiosyncratic way. They misinterpreted specific irrelevant events in terms of personal failure, deprivation, or rejection, or they tended to greatly exaggerate or over generalize any event that bore any resemblance of negative information about them. From this, Beck theorized that certain cognitive schemas become pre-potent during depression, dominates the thought processes and lead to cognitive distortions, and the cognitions are based on attitudes or assumptions (schemes) developed from previous experiences. The Multifaceted Approach of Treatment in Attitudinize Psychotherapy The goal in disputing maladaptive / dysfunctional attitudes is to replace illogical and maladaptive attitudes with more positive, realistic and logical ones. It works to help people successfully overcome their particular emotional problems by developing positive and adaptive attitudes toward a particular person, situation, environment or the world around them. Weissman (1979) represented the Human Attitudes by the following Seven Major Value systems:

1.

Approval:

These attitudes show ones tendency to measure his/her self-esteem based on how

people react to him/her and what they think of him/her. Is the person independent with a healthy sense of his/her own worth even when confronted with criticism and disapproval; or, is he/she excessively dependent, evaluating himself/herself through the other peoples eyes? For e.g., (negative) It is best to give up my own interests in order to please other people. Or (positive) My value as a person depends greatly on what I think of myself. 2. Love: These attitudes deal with an individuals tendency to measure his/her worth on whether or not he/she is loved. Does the individual see love as desirable, but there are other interests he/she finds gratifying and fulfilling or does he/she see love as a need without which he/she cannot survive? For e.g., (negative) I cannot find happiness without being loved by another individual. Or (positive) I am not worried if a person I love doesn't love me. 3. Achievement: These attitudes indicate whether the individual is workaholic with a constricted

sense of his/her own worth, or whether he/she enjoys creativity and productivity, but do not see them as the exclusive road to self-esteem and satisfaction. For e.g., (negative) I must be a useful, productive, creative person or life has no purpose. Or (positive) People who have good ideas are not more worthy than those who do not; it is the human factor which is important. 4. Perfectionism: These attitudes are aimed to measure an individuals tendency toward perfectionism. Does the individual demands perfection in him/her, i.e., mistakes are taboo and failure is worth than death or does he/she have the capacity to set meaningful, flexible, appropriate standards? For e.g., (negative) If I dont set up the highest standards for myself, I am likely to end up as a second-rate person. Or (positive) If a person asks for help, it is a sign of strength, the work done does not need to be perfect. 5. Entitlement: These attitudes are aimed at measuring ones sense of entitlement. Does the individual feel that he/she is entitled to things, e.g., success, love, happiness, etc., or does he/she negotiate for what he/she wants, with no inherent reason why things should always go his way? For e.g., (negative) If I put other peoples needs before my own, they should help me when I want them to do something for me. Or (positive) To be a good, moral, worthwhile person, I can only help those who need it, not everyone who wants it. 6. Omnipotence: These attitudes indicate whether the person sees himself/herself as the center of

his/her personal universe and holds himself/herself responsible for much of what goes on around him/her or, whether he/she realizes he/she is not in control of other adults; i.e., he/she is not ultimately responsible for them but only for himself/herself. For e.g., (negative) I should be able to please everybody. Or (positive) Being isolated from others does not bind to lead to unhappiness; rather one can be satisfied with oneself.

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7.

Autonomy:

These items refer to ones ability to find happiness within him / her. Does the

individual assume responsibility for his/her feelings because he/she recognizes that they are ultimately created by himself / herself, or is he/she trapped in the belief that his/her potential for joy and selfesteem comes from the outside? For e.g., (negative) People who have the marks of success such as good looks, social status, wealth or fame, are bound to be happier than those who do not. Or (positive) One can remain happy and satisfied if the person is following his/her lifes motto. A therapist would be able to determine the individuals areas of attitudes where the client is psychologically strong as well as emotionally vulnerable in each of these predetermined value systems Attitudinize Therapy approach is multifaceted and is based on the assumption that changing the dysfunctional / maladaptive attitudes within the seven major value systems effectively, along the following Six dimensions (like the Holy Kaaba and the dice) would treat the emotional problems. Leaving any one aspect would provide hindrance therapeutically and problems may reoccur later. The six dimensions are:

1. Psychological: The treatment within the psychological aspect of the emotional problem
includes, Change in the Dysfunctional / Maladaptive Attitudes of the person, to change the patterns of thinking, beliefs and behavior toward psychological self, environment and the world around. To Attitudinize Psychologically: If a person has an attitude that My life is full of pain, it is unrewarding and pitiful too or I can never be relieved from the pain of my life. During Therapeutic Intervention, the client is shown a different angle and aspect for Pain in Life, such as, No soul in this world lives without pain. Pain is experienced every minute; it can be of any kind within the six dimensions. Nobody can give thy pains, hurts, failures, etc. to thy neighbors and take all the joys, pleasures, and achievements from thy neighbors. The fact remains that everyone has to take his or her own pain. Our destined pains, hurts, failures and experiences of pleasures, happiness, and achievements are still thy own. On the other hand, high achievers have narrated their life stories emphasizing that every pain gives a new learning and a new experience. Life is learning, learning is experience, Pain is gain and Excellence is painful, But Experience cannot be counted from age. Hence you can also experience the pain and simultaneously become an experienced person. Dont be afraid of experiencing pain. Do you remember any minute when you did not experienced any type of pain? I think humans experience pain every minute, of one type or the other. Didnt you attitudinize your pain?

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2.

Terminological: The treatment within the terminological aspect of the emotional problem includes, Changing of the abusive / invective attitudes and behaviors; altering verbal and non-verbal maladaptive communications, through altering the language-expression toward self, environment and the world around. To Attitudinize Terminologically: If a person has an attitude that I am frank and outspoken, so

even if I use negative terminology for anyone, I am justified in doing so or The language and terminology used habitually cannot be changed ever. During Therapeutic Intervention, the client is shown the benefits of chosen words, through different aspects such as, Does any goodness / religion of the world teach you to abuse or degrade anybody through words or speech. If your environment does not teach you to weigh before you say you may learn it through reading good material and sitting among disciplined people. Have you ever received good results by negative terminology, except that people will follow you out of fear but will associate negative emotions and keep them in their hearts for forever. Also when they will become more powerful than you, they will try to return the harshness produced by your words and expressions. Will you be able to convince anyone through harsh words? Would people learn through your experiences if you reject, criticize or degrade them? Will anybody listen to you in the real, affectionate, obedient sense? Sure youve started believing that your choice of words is very important, if you wish to make your communication effective. If you speak softly, assertively and empathetically, your words will have the value of golden words, which will be remembered forever, obeyed and will leave positive marks on the hearts and minds of other people. According to a saying your tongue is the heaviest part of the body, very few people are able to hold it. OK! Did you Attitudinize your tongue!

3. Spiritual: The treatment within the spiritual aspect of the emotional problem includes,
Changing of dysfunctional / maladaptive attitudes toward Allah (the Divine Being), Reducing guilt and fear, and Inculcating the belief of attaining perfect justice for self and others. To Attitudinize Spiritually: If a person has an attitude that Allah (or The Divine Being You Believe) has all the powers, and one cannot do anything to change ones fate or life. or One is entitled to get luxuries in life from Allah (or The Divine Being You Believe), and one cannot do anything in return. During Therapeutic Intervention, the clients perception about the communication and connection process of the human being and Allah (or The Divine Being You Believe) is logically defined such as, Have you ever seen Allah (or The Divine Being You Believe), surely not through your simple eyes, but through your logical eyes.

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Everyone knows that human scientists are able to explore the world and invent computers, rockets and missiles, but can anyone of them create a gnat (mosquito) that can bite by its own will and produce its own generation. Also can anyone create a leaf which can produce its own food for survival and also supply to other parts of the plant. If a person looks around a tree with leaves, the person will definitely find leaves of green color, we only know twelve colors since childhood, if we mix each color with another one by one in different measures, there will be 12 x 12 x 12.. Infinite green colored leaves each with a pinch of different green shade. Who says we cannot see Allah (or The Divine Being You Believe) through our mental eyes? Every soul has and purpose of its own. Every soul is different like every thumbprint. But still every soul sent has one purpose that is to understand the existence of Allah (or The Divine Being You Believe), accept His powers and hence seek benefits from Him. Only if you seek it youll get it, otherwise NOT. Do you really think that you have attitudinized your faith!

4. Physiological: The treatment within the physiological aspect of the emotional problem
includes, Changing of maladaptive attitudes toward physiological self, through deep breathing exercise to keep oxygen balance in the body, to maintain balanced diet consumption and control the water intake and output to stabilize the body fluids. To Attitudinize Physiologically: If a person has an attitude that There is no need for extra oxygen through deep breathing. or Our Physiological tendencies are inherited by us, whatever care we take, it will not affect at all and well remain the same. During Therapeutic Intervention, the clients belief about oxygen, water and food intake, regular balance and its vital importance is emphasized, such as Under stress or tension we always keep on short breaths, over-eating, and lack of water intake. Generally it is seen that people remain under constant stress/tension but they dont accept, neither have they achieved the best possible measure of complete relaxation nor they ever try to learn. A person is similar to a computer, whatever input we save, hence we get the output. If we eat a small quantity of food daily, we will never be able to deposit fat within our bodies, but if we take a large amount which deposits fats on daily basis, after a month or so definitely we will become obese, whether we have tendency or not. If we measure the diet intake of thin vs. fat people we will clearly differentiate the reason of their physique and structure. Similar is the case of oxygen and water contents. They are required in a large quantity by the body more than food, to keep healthy functioning of all vital organs. If we intake water and oxygen below the average level, surely the speed of body functions will slow down and hence deficiencies will initiate the physical illness. Why dont we all breathe deeply, take eight glasses of water daily and eat the food to fill only half of the stomach daily, and remain relaxed while eating, drinking and breathing? Just because we were not guided in this direction since childhood, and we are not in a HABIT of doing so. Can we adapt

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a good Habit so we should live our healthy, happy lives or we have no such motivation! Pure water costs nowadays, are we wanting to pay for oxygen too? Then we only will value it, or we will start deep breathing from today! Do you know that scientists cannot even create one drop of ORIGINAL pure water with actual taste and properties? WOW! Havent you attitudinized your breaths?

5.

Neuro-hormonal: Neuro-hormones are the body's chemical messengers; these hormones stimulate the cells they are attached to. The treatment within the terminological aspect of the emotional problem includes, Inculcating an attitude that Neuro-hormonal Regulation of ones own body can be easily controlled through muscle relaxation exercises and massage of pressure points of your body. To attitudinize Neuro-hormonically; If a person has an attitude that there is no at all between

the thought process and a Neuro-hormonal response or Neuro-hormonal deregulation within a person cannot evoke a disease or a mental illness. During therapeutic intervention, the clients concepts about Neuro-hormonal process can be correctly directed through its knowledge and information such as Have you ever got angry? Or been abused? How do you feel at that time? Your blood pressure changes, your body temperature, your breathing, your thought process all get shuffled up, and produces negative impact on your mind, physiology and speech, wastes your time and leaves your ego guilty, at the actions and reactions. Whats all this about? Surely Neuro-hormonal deregulation. Now do you understand how all six dimensions are inter related and how effective for another. On the other hand if you are happy, achieved according to your expectations, you become relaxed, breath normally, think positively, your body temperature is regulated, your mood is good while talking and working, your time is well utilized and your ego is satisfied at the actions and reactions. It confirms that many decisions depend upon the positive or negative attitudes we are experiencing within these six dimensions. Its easy to balance your neuro hormonal regulation. Just by massaging the necessary pressure points, whenever needed. It will produce marvelous effects if you make it a habit to exercise and massage your feet, hands, ears, templates and eyes daily for overall thirty minutes only. Through massage, glands are activated and it is necessary to do deep breathing during massage, exercise or when we take the pain. One can massage though piercing thy hand knuckles in all the five areas. Are you ready to attitudinize your neuro hormonal regulation!

6. Time Management: The treatment within the time management aspect of the emotional
problem includes, Changing of maladaptive attitudes toward time management and to become positively creative and remain relaxed for most of the time in your life-time. To Attitudinize for time management; If a person has an attitude that Time has to pass away, we cannot hold time, and the fate will give you whats written for you, so dont worry about time.

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During therapeutic intervention, the clients attitude about time management is directed positively to inculcate through time accountability within the client. To make the client realize that if we just sit and imagine our achievements without doing anything to accomplish them, then what will happen? The time will pass and we will remain empty handed. Imaginations only become realities if they are experienced continuously through hard and smart work. If you will not experience, youll never learn, if you will not spend time on things youll never achieve. Why do we take pressures of time? Why do we wish to accomplish things quickly? Why do we remain under stress all the time? Just because we are in a habit of doing so, and people around us pressurize us to do so. Most important thing in life is to make ourselves continuously relaxed all the time, in the beginning, middle and at the end of every anxiety, every problem, every work, etc. Of coarse you will be able to attitudinize your time management. The Attitudinize therapy can be learned by the person / client. The person then needs to take what has been learned, practice it at home (when they are alone and not feeling self-conscious, for approximately thirty minutes a day), and through means of repetition, get that new learning down into the brain over and over again. Just like learning at school or an institution. It enables you to begin believing, feeling and acting, differently. This takes persistence, practice, and patience, but when a person sticks with this therapy, and does not give up, noticeable progress begins to occur. Persistency is the next key. These solutions must be practiced every day for three months or longer. It is essential that the brain receive these new, rational, forward moving messages so that attitude can be changed. The neural pathways in the mind "absorb" the attitudinize therapy and it begins to become a part of the person allowing permanent change to occur. After granting the intricacies, the mastery of these concepts is needed for treating the emotional problems successfully. The Attitudinize Psychotherapy enhances Self - Esteem Burns (1999) proposed the Development of Better Self Esteem inferring that, Most people's feelings and thoughts about themselves fluctuate somewhat based on their daily experiences. The grade you get on an exam, how your friends treat you, ups and downs in a romantic relationship - all can have a temporary impact on your wellbeing. Your self-esteem, however, is something more fundamental than the normal "ups and downs" associated with situational changes. For people with good basic self-esteem, normal "ups and downs" may lead to temporary fluctuations in how they feel about themselves, but only to a limited extent. In contrast, for people with poor basic self-esteem, these "ups and downs" may make all the difference in the world. People with poor self-esteem often rely on how they are doing in the present to determine how they feel about themselves. They need positive external experiences to counteract the negative

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feelings and thoughts that constantly plague them. Even then, the good feeling (from a good grade, etc.) can be temporary. Healthy self-esteem is based on our ability to assess ourselves accurately (know ourselves) and still be able to accept and to value ourselves unconditionally. This means being able to realistically acknowledge our strengths and limitations (which is part of being human) and at the same time accepting ourselves as worthy and worthwhile without conditions or reservations. Self-esteem is largely developed during childhood. Childhood experiences that lead to healthy self-esteem include; being praised, being listened to, being spoken to respectfully, getting attention and hugs, experiencing success in sports or school and having trustworthy friends. On the other hand, Childhood experiences that lead to low self-esteem include; being harshly criticized, being yelled at, or beaten, being ignored, ridiculed or teased, being expected to be "perfect" all the time and experiencing failures in sports or school. People with low selfesteem were often given messages that failed experiences (losing a game, getting a poor grade, etc.) were failures of their whole self. Low self-esteem can have devastating consequences. It can create anxiety, stress, loneliness and increased likelihood for depression. It can cause problems with friendships and relationships. It can seriously impair academic and job performance. It can lead to underachievement and increased vulnerability to drug and alcohol abuse. Worst of all, these negative consequences themselves reinforce the negative self-image and can take a person into a downward spiral of lower and lower self-esteem and increasingly non-productive or even actively self-destructive behavior. Three Steps to Better Self-Esteem Before you can begin to improve your self-esteem you must first believe that you can change it. Change doesn't necessarily happen quickly or easily, but it can happen. You are not powerless! Once you have accepted, or are at least willing to entertain the possibility that you are not powerless, there are three steps you can take to begin to change your self-esteem: Step 1: Rebut the Inner Critic The first important step in improving self-esteem is to begin to challenge the negative messages of the critical inner voice. Here are some typical examples of the inner critic's voice and how you can "rebut" that voice.

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The Inner Critic's Voice: Is Unfairly Harsh: "People said they liked my presentation, but it was nowhere near as good as it should have been. I can't believe no-one noticed all the places I messed up. I'm such an impostor." Generalizes Unrealistically: "I got an F on the test. I don't understand anything in this class. I'm such an idiot. Who am I fooling? I shouldn't be taking this class. I'm stupid and I don't belong in college." Makes Leaps of Illogic: "He is frowning. He doesn't like me!"

Your Rebuttals: Be Reassuring: "Wow, they really liked it! Maybe it wasn't perfect, but I worked hard on that presentation and did a good job. I'm proud of myself. This was a great success." Be Specific: "I did poorly on this one test, but I've done O.K. on all the homework. There are some things here that I don't understand as well as I thought I did, but I can do the material-I've done fine in other classes that were just as tough. Challenge Illogic: "O.K., he's frowning, with me. Maybe I should ask."

didn't say anything, but I know it means that he but I don't know why. It could have nothing to do

Catastrophizes: "She turned me down

Be Objective: "Ouch! That hurt. Well,

for a date! I'm so embarrassed and humiliated. she doesn't want to go out with me. That doesn't No one likes or cares about me. I'll never find a mean no one does. I know I'm an attractive and girlfriend. I'll always be alone." nice person. I'll find someone."

Step 2: Practice Self-Nurturing Rebutting your critical inner voice is an important first step, but it is not enough. Since our selfesteem is in part due to how others have treated us in the past, the second step to more healthy selfesteem is to begin to treat yourself as a worthwhile person. Start to challenge past negative experiences or messages by nurturing and caring for yourself in ways that show that you are valuable, competent, deserving and lovable. There are several components to self-nurturing: (i) Practice Basic Self-Care; Get enough sleep, eat in a healthy fashion, get regular exercise, practice good hygiene, and so forth. (ii) Plan Fun & Relaxing Things For Yourself; You could go to a movie, take a nap, get a massage, plant a garden, buy a pet, learn to meditate-whatever you enjoy. (iii) Reward Yourself For Your Accomplishments; (iv) You could take the night off to celebrate good grades, spend time with a friend, or compliment yourself for making that hard phone call. (v) Remind Yourself of Your Strengths & Achievements; One way is to make a list of things you like about yourself. Or keep a 'success' file of awards, certificates and positive letters or citations. Keep momentos of accomplishments you are proud of where you can see them. (vi) Forgive Yourself When You Don't Do All You'd Hoped;

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Self-nurturing can be surprisingly hard if you are not used to doing it. Don't be critical of yourselfremember that inner voice!-when you don't do it just right. (vii) Self-Nurture Even When You Don't Feel You Deserve It; "Fake it" until you can "make it." When you treat yourself like you deserve to feel good and be nurtured, slowly you'll come to believe it. Step 3: Get Help from Others Getting help from others is often the most important step a person can take to improve his or her self-esteem, but it can also be the most difficult. People with low self-esteem often don't ask for help because they feel they don't deserve it. But since low self-esteem is often caused by how other people treated you in the past, you may need the help of other people in the present to challenge the critical messages that come from negative past experiences. Here are some ways to get help from others: Ask for Support from Friends Ask friends to tell you what they like about you or think you do well. Ask someone who cares about you to just listen to you "vent" for a little while without trying to "fix" things. Ask for a hug. Get Help from Teachers & Other Helpers Go to professors or advisors or tutors to ask for help in classes if this is a problem for you. Remember: They are there to help you learn! If you lack self-confidence in certain areas, take classes or try out new activities to increase your sense of competence (for example, take a math class, join a dance club, take swimming lessons, etc.) Talk to a Therapist or Counselor Sometimes low self-esteem can feel so painful or difficult to overcome that the professional help of a therapist or counselor is needed. Talking to a counselor is a good way to learn more about your self-esteem issues and begin to improve your self-esteem. Hence Attitudinize Psychotherapy would be the BEST CHOICE. LITERATURE REVIEW The meaning of high self-esteem is currently under close empirical scrutiny. High self-esteem is typically viewed as beneficial for individuals due to its association with markers of psychological adjustment (Robins, Hendin, & Trzesniewski, 2001). Secure high self-esteem, which can be traced to the

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work of Carl Rogers (1959, 1961), reflects positive attitudes toward the self that are realistic, wellanchored, and resistant to threat. The Literature reveals the use of the different approaches in the treatment of the emotional problems which may have similar effects as in the multifaceted approach applied in the Attitudinize Psychotherapy. It is introduced and implemented for the first time nationally, hence no traces are evidenced for the implementation of the therapy internationally and no research work was found. Cognitive therapy is a widely used form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing dysfunctional cognitions (thoughts), emotions, and behavior. Aaron T. Beck and coworkers have developed cognitive therapy over the last thirty years. Cognitive therapy is based on the theory that individuals with depression, anxiety, and other emotional disorders have maladaptive patterns of information processing and related behavioral difficulties. Automatic thoughts are frequently based on faulty logic or errors in reasoning. Cognitive therapy is directed, in part, at helping patients recognize and change these cognitive errors (sometimes called cognitive distortions). Some of the commonly described cognitive errors include: all or nothing thinking, personalization, ignoring the evidence, and overgeneralization. In cognitive therapy, patients are usually taught how to detect cognitive errors and to use this skill in developing a more rational style of thinking. Generally, cognitive therapy for dysfunctional schemas is more complex and demanding than therapeutic work with automatic thoughts. (Beck, 1988; Beck, et al., 1979; Beck, et al., 1985; Beck, 1995). Smith (2003) defines, Abuse is generally prompted by anger, and vented in harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than invective. Abuse generally takes place in private quarrels; invective in writing or public discussions. Invective may be conveyed in refined language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy. And Hyper Dictionary (2003) revealed, Communication implies, the activity of conveying information; the transmission and reception of some stimulus or message. Communication occurs when one person transmits information to another person; It is the Intercourse by words, letters, or messages; interchange of thoughts or opinions, by conference or correspondence. In addition, Language entails, the system for communicating ideas and feelings using sounds, gestures, signs, or marks. Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another

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through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are represented to the eye by letters, marks, or characters, which form words. Also Expression connotes, lively or vivid representation of meaning, sentiment, or feeling, etc.; significant and impressive indication, whether by language, appearance or gesture; that manner or style which gives life and suggestive force to ideas and sentiments. Therapy (2000) suggests, Speech and language are two different, yet linked, skills that humans use to communicate. Language is the ability to understand spoken and written words (receptive language) and to express meaning through words (expressive language). Speech is producing sounds that make up words. Chrnalogar (1996) proposes, If the disciple can be steered by mere suggestion and the manipulation of the meanings of words, then the cumulative effect of repeatedly rejecting his own desires for the disciples advice, and the continual pressure to conform can cause emotional problems. Explaining the Spiritual Role of Kundali in Hinduism, Boyd (1992) narrates, Kundalini is the principle of energy and awareness that makes conscious functioning possible. When Kundalini is awakened, it becomes possible for a human being to become aware of the higher vehicles of consciousness, to empower and activate them, and then to use and channel the energies within them. Further, in specific instances, Kundalini may be used to actually drive the spiritual transformative process. Mirsiam, also known as Jisbond (2001) in explicating the teachings of Islam, narrates to all who question the Justice of Allah and to all who believe in an Imperfect God, I hope this will help some of us who care to understand the only true God (Allah) for Allah is only GOOD without whom there is no other good. Allah the Exalted and the High, there is no existence except Him, unless it occurs by His action and proceeds from His Justice, in the best, perfect, complete and just ways. He is Wise in His verdicts. His justice is not to be compared with that of worshipers, because it is conceivable that the worshiper is unjust when he deals with properties of other than his own. But, harm is not conceivable from Allah - the High - because He does not encounter any ownership of other than Himself, in which His dealing could be described to be harmful. He is Gracious in beneficence and reform, though not through any need. Munificence and Kindness, Beneficence and Grace are His, since He is able to bring upon His creatures all manner of torture and to try them with all kinds of pain and affliction. Even if He should do this, it would be justice from Him, it would not be vile, and it would not be tyrannous. He - the Mighty, the Glorified - rewards His believing worshipers for their acts of obedience according to generosity and encouragement rather than according to their merit and obligation. For there is no obligation upon Him in any deed

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towards anyone and tyranny is inconceivable in Him. For there is no right upon Him towards anyone. (Jisbond, 2001). Borsenko (2001) reveals that the necessity of oxygen is obvious. The human body can survive for weeks without food and days without water but only a few minutes without oxygen. We would expect to receive enough oxygen through our lungs under ideal conditions. Unfortunately there are several factors that we can point to that would lead us to believe that the oxygen we receive through breathing is not sufficient. First, it is believed by scientists that the oxygen levels in our early atmosphere were much greater than they are today. Secondly the increased toxins in our environment are believed to clog up our body's circulatory systems to the point that our cells have become oxygen deficient. These points are very much oversimplified but suffice it to say that our bodies could benefit greatly from an increase of oxygen at the cellular level. Oxygen Elements Plus is a highly concentrated liquid in which only a few drops at a time combined with water produce the desired results. Oxygen Elements Plus continuously releases oxygen into the body using a proprietary process that acts like a catalyst by reacting over & over, continually disassociating some of your bodys water and creating oxygen. In addition to oxygen, Oxygen Elements Plus supplies your body with a steady diet of hydrogen, full spectrum minerals, amino acids and enzymes. And simultaneously provides cleansing to all body cells including the colon. The under oxidized and subnormal temperature person will present one of more of the following symptoms: headache, dizziness, insomnia, constipation, faint-feeling, loss of appetite, palpitation of the heart, liver and kidney problems, menstrual problems, cold hands and feet, anemia, gastrointestinal problems, chlorosis, etc., all of which are due to an impoverished blood supply. Almost all forms of nervous, functional, respiratory and blood disorders can be successfully corrected by oxidation restoration. The effects are perfectly natural, the nerves being left calm and toned with a feeling of buoyancy and exhilaration. It stimulates the vasomotor system through the nerve centers, which fact is clearly shown in the increased redness of the skin, a feeling of warmth in the whole body, and waste products being more freely eliminated. The ozone treatment shows that poor oxidation is the cause of many disorders, by reason of the fact that when the temperature is brought up to normal, the problems disappear. Willner (2000) proposes that virtually every patient's room in a modern hospital is equipped for the administration of oxygen. Every emergency room is required by law to have the same equipment. Deep breathing exercises are prescribed for patients with lung problems and for persons recovering from surgery. The narrow application of these techniques is very unfortunate. They should be routine for every person. The average person takes their respiration for granted. There are large Eastern

21

religions which incorporate consciousness of breathing as an important teaching in their religious instruction. Indians refer to 'prana" as a wonderful substance that God has provided for a healthy life. It seems certain that prana is ozone. Deep breathing exercises carry greater importance today than ever before, because of the lowered amount of oxygen in the air in our cities. The effect of gradual oxygen deprivation on metabolism is devastating and leads to a greater production, and an inadequate processing, of the toxic wastes that our bodies produce daily. One of the consequences of a lowered oxygen supply is the elevation of uric acid in the body. This causes a wide variety of metabolic problems. Nicols (1991) proposes an interesting approach of "Autogenic training", which is an extension of hypnotherapy at a self-help level. Most people accept that a state of mind can cause a physical illness, and a persistent illness can produce an upset state of mind. When they realize that the mind can affect the body in a harmful way, they can then realize that it can affect it in a good way. Autogenic training exercises involve visualization, such as that of a calm, healthy colon free from spasm. Patients may focus on the smooth muscle that propels the digested food, and visualize the sea and a sailboat moving peacefully along on the waves; transferring the image to the smooth, wave-like motion of the colon muscles enables them to calm the peristaltic waves. The neuro-hormonal component of the digestive system plays an integral role in the smooth operation of the system, and must be integrated sometimes with other therapeutic approaches. Fitch, Dryden and Ransom (2000), indicate that when the therapist demonstrates close attention, acknowledgment, and respect to encourage the client's relaxation, the client will eventually come to trust the process of massage as a safe way to receive the soothing a person so deeply craved. With soothing coming as thawing from long-standing fear, and the opportunity to reacquaint the client with their normal body signals, in the ordinary course of events, massage therapy can offer a profound sense of peace to those who are able to feel strong enough at their core to let go and relax. Self-Massage therapy communicates support, acceptance, positive regard, and pleasure, and it empowers the self-confidence to take charge of how a person wants their body to become satisfied. Respectful self-touch can be healing. Self-Massage therapy offers a safe place to clients, who in turn, may learn to trust that the touch does not have to be associated with pain, fear, or anger. Reflexologist Says Feet Don't Lie, Kevin and Barbara Kunz (1980) propose the practice of stimulating pressure sensors in the feet to promote better health and wellness.

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In talk therapy, or psychotherapy, intrusive neural symptoms are transformed, in the context of a safe, boundaried, therapeutic relationship. By encouraging the client to talk about the traumatic event, the unpleasant memories get re-encoded from traumatic memory into narrative memory. In other words, people learn to use their left-brains (cortex) to coordinate their right-brained feelings. This prevents the discharge of stress hormone from the amygdala. Once talk therapy has helped the client establish some degree of narrative memory and experience of safety, clients may face intrusive body sensations with self-massage therapy. Self-Massage therapy can help clients to reframe their experience of trauma from a kinesthetic perspective. Randall (1996) suggests, Time is like a mirror--it reflects different things, depending on how we look at it. This statement implies that time is not a constant, but somehow changes depending on our consciousness, and on our view of time. If this is true, perhaps we don't need to race against time, or see it as a scarce resource. If you are missing opportunities for fulfillment because of confusion about your goals or inadequate planning of your personal or professional affairs, then one hour spent clarifying goals and planning activities can be worth three or four hours trying to do things without a good sense of direction. It gives you an opportunity to clarify the important goals in your life and learn the organizational skills necessary to accomplish them efficiently. You can feel more in control and get more done--while decreasing stress! Conventional time management (CTM) is about doing the right things, it handles what objectives and tasks we do, and Inner Time Management (ITM) is about doing things right, it optimizes how we do things. Possible Benefits of Organizing Your Life-Time are that You'll get a better sense of your direction in life, by identifying all your current roles, and then writing down your goals and their priorities in all the major areas of life. And You'll know how to organize in order to get things done efficiently, by learning the essential skills of identifying the tasks necessary to accomplish your goals, prioritizing and scheduling these tasks along with appointments from your calendar, and visualizing your schedule to make sure it will work. In general, the way to simultaneously optimize health and wellbeing productivity, and quality of products and processes is to continually get more involved in whatever is at hand, whether work or play (Randall, 1996). Attitudinize Therapy Technique includes Motivational Interviewing

elaborated by Group Health Centre for Health Promotion (2003) client-centered, directive method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change by exploring and resolving ambivalence.

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METHOD Sample of the present study comprised of Ninety Male and Ninety Female Adult Students of Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi. It was selected through Random Sampling Technique. Procedure of the study comprises of Three phases, in the first phase the students were selected who had Low - Score (Below 50) on Self esteem Test by administering Queendoms Self Esteem Test (2003), and were then divided into TWO groups; THERAPY GROUP; the students on which Attitudinize therapy would be conducted, and NO THERAPY GROUP; the students on which NO Attitudinize Therapy would be conducted. Also Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (Therapy Form) (Modified by Prof. Dr. Linah Askari, 2003) and various demographic questionnaires were also administered to the whole sample. In addition, the Grade Point Average (GPA) of all the students was recorded for the previous semester. In the second phase, Attitudinize Therapy was conducted for fourteen weeks (75 minute session, twice a week) on the therapy group only. In the third phase, after completion of various demographic questionnaires, the whole sample of 90 males and 90 females were re-administered the Queendoms Self Esteem Test (2003) and Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (Therapy Form) (Modified by Prof. Dr. Linah Askari, 2003). Again the Grade Point Average (GPA) of all the students included in the sample was recorded for the present semester to relate the effectiveness of the Attitudinize Therapy with the Enhancement of Self Esteem and their Educational Performance. Statistical Analysis of the obtained scores revealed the significance of differences for the Enhancement of Self Esteem and Educational Performance, through the application of Attitudinize Psychotherapy between the TWO Groups after completion of the Therapy and No Therapy. The Means, Standard Deviations, correlation coefficients, paired sample t-test, paired sample correlations, etc. was computed and Graphs were presented for data analysis.

RESULTS
The data was statistically analyzed among the following groups. BTMSE Before Therapy, Males, Self-Esteem Test. BTFSE Before Therapy, Females, Self-Esteem Test. BTMDAS Before Therapy, Males, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. BTFDAS Before Therapy, Females, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. BTMEP Before Therapy, Males, Educational Performance. BTFEP Before Therapy, Females, Educational Performance. ATMSE After Therapy, Males, Self-Esteem Test. ATFSE After Therapy, Females, SelfEsteem Test. ATMDAS After Therapy, Males, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. ATFDAS After

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Therapy, Females, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. ATMEP After Therapy, Males, Educational Performance. ATFEP After Therapy, Females, Educational Performance. NTMSE No Therapy Group, Males, Self-Esteem Test. NTFSE No Therapy Group, Females, Self-Esteem Test. NTMDAS No Therapy Group, Males, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. NTFDAS No Therapy Group, Females, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. NTMEP No Therapy Group, Males, Educational Performance. NTFEP No Therapy Group, Females, Educational Performance. The following Hypotheses proved their significance through the statistical analysis, and the summarized results are presented below:

1) There is More Negative Correlation between scores of Dysfunctional Attitudes and SelfEsteem, i.e., The Higher the Dysfunctional Attitudes the Lower will be the Self-Esteem, and Vice Versa. Both for Male as well as for Female Adult Students.

2) There is More Negative Correlation between scores of Dysfunctional Attitudes and Educational
Performance, i.e., The Higher the Dysfunctional Attitudes the Lower will be the Educational Performance, and Vice Versa. Both for Male as well as for Female Adult Students.

3) After the Therapy; the scores of Dysfunctional Attitudes are Lower within the adults of
ATTITUDINIZE THERAPY GROUP as compared to the scores of Dysfunctional Attitudes within the adults of NO THERAPY GROUP. Both for Male as well as for Female Adult Students.

4) After the Therapy; the scores of Self-Esteem are Higher within the adults of ATTITUDINIZE
THERAPY GROUP as compared to the scores of Self-Esteem within the adults of NO THERAPY GROUP. Both for Male as well as for Female Adult Students.

5) After the Therapy; the scores of Educational Performance are Higher within the adults of
ATTITUDINIZE THERAPY GROUP as compared to the scores of Educational Performance within the adults of NO THERAPY GROUP. Both for Male as well as for Female Adult Students.

Graphs

25

400

300

200

100

Mean

0 BTMSE BTMDAS BTMEP BTFSE BTFDAS BTFEP

400

300

200

100

Mean
0 ATMSE ATMEP ATFDAS ATFSE NTMDAS NTMEP NTFEP NTFSE ATMDAS ATFEP NTMSE NTFDAS

TABLE I T-Test Paired Samples Statistics Mean Pair 1 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 Pair 5 BTMSE BTFSE BTFDAS BTMEP BTFEP ATMSE ATFSE 44.3444 41.2667 316.7111 65.4333 62.2889 86.9778 82.4889 N 90 90 90 90 90 90 45 45 45 Std. Deviation 5.27483 4.83387 28.55568 30.36750 4.35516 3.62961 5.21575 5.86059 16.96818 Std. Error Mean .55602 .50953 3.01003 3.20102 .45907 .38259 .77752 .87364 2.52947

BTMDAS 300.7889

ATMDAS 101.1111

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ATFDAS Pair 6 Pair 7 Pair 8 Pair 9 ATMEP ATFEP NTMSE NTFSE NTFDAS NTMEP NTFEP

113.8444 87.1111 82.9111 44.4222 41.3333 319.2222 64.9333 62.7778

45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45

18.02644 4.21158 5.69618 4.91976 4.88969 26.97723 26.94429 3.70749 3.49603

2.68722 .62782 .84914 .73339 .72891 4.02153 4.01662 .55268 .52116

NTMDAS 300.1556

TABLE II Paired Samples Correlations Pair 1 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 Pair 5 Pair 6 Pair 7 Pair 8 Pair 9 BTMSE & BTFSE BTMDAS & BTFDAS BTMEP & BTFEP ATMSE & ATFSE ATMDAS & ATFDAS ATMEP & ATFEP NTMSE & NTFSE NTMDAS & NTFDAS NTMEP & NTFEP N 90 90 90 45 45 45 45 45 45 Correlation .000 -.030 -.004 .343 .204 .246 .036 .040 -.050 Sig. .999 .780 .967 .021 .180 .104 .816 .792 .743

TABLE III Paired Samples Test Paired Diffs. Mean St. Dev. Pair 1 Pair 2 BTMSE - BTFSE BTMDAS BTFDAS Pair 3 Pair 4 Pair 5 Pair 6 BTMEP - BTFEP ATMSE - ATFSE ATMDAS ATFDAS ATMEP - ATFEP 4.20 6.19 .92 2.33 6.06 4.547 44 .000 3.14 4.48 -12.73 5.68 6.36 .59 .94 1.95 2.57 -19.37 4.33 6.40 -6.09 5.250 4.727 -3.865 89 44 44 .000 .000 .000 3.07 -15.92 7.15 .75 SEM 95% Confid. Lower 1.57 -24.78 Upper 4.5764 -7.06 4.081 -3.571 89 89 .000 .001 t df Sig. (2tailed)

42.30 4.45

22.09 3.29

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Pair 7 Pair 8 Pair 9

NTMSE - NTFSE NTMDAS NTFDAS NTMEP - NTFEP

3.08 -19.06 2.15

6.81

1.01

1.04 -30.28 .58

5.1354 -7.84 3.72

3.042 -3.424 2.769

44 44 44

.004 .001 .008

37.35 5.56 5.22 .77

Graphs

500

160
2 20

400
43 53 75 24 86 46

140

300

120

44 3

200

100

100

80

20

0
N= 90 90 90 90 90 90

60
N= 45 45 45 45 45 45

BTMSE

BTMDAS

BTMEP

BTFSE

BTFDAS

BTFEP

ATMSE

ATMDAS

ATMEP

ATFSE

ATFDAS

ATFEP

400
29

300

200

100

0
N= 45 45 45 45 45 45

NTMSE

NTMDAS

NTMEP

NTFSE

NTFDA S

NTFEP

TABLE I V T-Test Paired Samples Statistics Mean Pair 1 Pair 2 BTMFSE ATMFSE BTMFDAS ATMFDAS 44.3444 84.7333 300.7889 107.4778 N 90 90 90 90 Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 5.27483 5.96017 28.55568 18.54677 .55602 .62826 3.01003 1.95500

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Pair 3 Pair 4 Pair 5 Pair 6

BTMFEP ATMFEP ATMFSE NTMFSE ATMFDAS NTMFDAS ATMFEP NTMFEP

65.4333 85.0111 84.7333 42.8778 107.4778 309.6889 85.0111 63.8556 TABLE V

90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90

4.35516 5.41013 5.96017 5.11844 18.54677 28.47141 5.41013 3.74334

.45907 .57028 .62826 .53953 1.95500 3.00115 .57028 .39458

Paired Samples Correlations Pair 1 Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 4 Pair 5 Pair 6 BTMFSE & ATMFSE BTMFDAS & ATMFDAS BTMFEP & ATMFEP ATMFSE & NTMFSE ATMFDAS & NTMFDAS ATMFEP & NTMFEP DISCUSSION The Means, Standard Deviations, correlation coefficients, paired sample t-test, paired sample correlations, and Paired sample Statistics were computed (Table I, II, III, IV & V) and ALL THE GRAPHS, to examine the relationship between application of Attitudinize Psychotherapy and improvement of Self Esteem and Educational Performance within the Personality of an individual. Statistically significant results reveal that Attitudinize Psychotherapy employs a positive, active, educational approach that focuses on how to change the attitudes and on seeking solutions rather than just simply talking about the past or exploring ones feelings and problems. Attitudinize Psychotherapy is typically provided within an emotionally supportive, empathic relationship, giving opportunity to express feelings and receive caring in addition to working directly on positive attitude change in thinking and lifestyle. The treatment is often short term because it is based on a clear attitude conceptualization that guides the treatment process. Attitudinize Psychotherapy emphasizes a collaborative relationship between the therapist and the client wherein they work together to specify goals and to implement the treatment strategies. Each client is assisted in using strategies / techniques that will help in resolving current areas of difficulty as well as learning skills that will be useful in preventing relapse and in dealing with future life challenges. N 90 90 90 90 90 90 Correlation -.255 -.221 -.180 .108 .115 .081 Sig. .015 .036 .090 .310 .281 .447

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Attitudinize Psychotherapy directly teaches specific ways to examine and correct dysfunctional thinking patterns or beliefs, those that are causing or contributing to problems in ones life within the personality. Behavioral strategies are often used with Attitudinize Psychotherapy to develop skills such as assertiveness or problem-solving. Often we need reality experiments to prove to ourselves that what we fear really is not true, or that we could cope with particular circumstances, or that we are capable of changing certain habits, or that we can easily delete our own low self esteem and lack of confidence, by learning and practicing an effective personality improving strategy. The results of this type of therapy may include a sense of freedom from old patterns, greater opportunity to pursue new life opportunities, improve personality to a maximum level, reduce distress, and enhance a greater sense of confidence and self-esteem. Schweitzer (2002) proposes, Attitude makes a difference every hour, everyday, in everything that one does for the entire life. Anything done with a positive attitude will work beneficially, whereas anything done with a negative attitude will work harmfully. If one has a positive attitude, a person looks for ways to solve the problems that one can solve, and let go off things, over which one has no control. One can develop a positive attitude by emphasizing the good, by being tough-minded and by refusing defeat. The greatest discovery of any generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering the attitudes of their minds. CONCLUSION The findings are statistically modest and provide an insight to the effectiveness of the Attitudinize Psychotherapy. Eland (2005) conducted research on Self Esteem Improvement, to know What Does It Takes and How Important Is It? The researcher proposes, To be honest, it probably takes less than most people would ever believe. Your desire, commitment and consistency are the most important success factors - and last but not least good tools to accomplish the task of improving your self esteem and confidence. Only one can tell how important it is. Self-esteem is fundamental. It is related to your self worth and how you value yourself. Thus, building self-esteem is basic for your happiness and a good life. Low self-esteem causes mental illness like depression and anxiety. Other people's desires can seem more important than yours. The Inner, nagging voice of disapproval makes you powerless even minor challenges seem impossible to overcome. This is a condition you don't have to stay in a minute longer! Then, how can I get out of it and really develop a high self-esteem, you may ask? The first is to admit and accept your fear - stop denying your bad self image - face it and from there start working with yourself. Then, set your goal as precisely as you can. Commit to your goal. Then follow a plan

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containing a set of self-esteem building activities to reach it. Be nice to yourself. Reward yourself when you have reached a sub-goal or a milestone. Give yourself a teaser from time to time. This is considered a vital part of the knowledge of how to build self-confidence. Just know that your desire and commitment for improving your self-esteem are most important. If you really don't want an improvement, no program or self esteem exercise can help you. But can I get help to develop my desire and commitment? Yes, you can. This is a major element in every quality program for improving your self-image.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Dr. Linah Askari deeply thanks Almighty Allah, Shahjehan S. Karim, Ms. Sabina Mohsin, Talib S. Karim, Dr. Javed Akbar Ansari, the Administration of Institute of Business Management, Deans and Directors of College of Business Management, my colleagues and my family for their guidance and Cooperation, in conducting and compiling the research.

REFERENCES Askari, Linah. (2005) Mothers Dysfunctional Attitude and Depressive Symptoms in Children. Pakistan Journal of Psychology, June,36,1, 39-55.University of Karachi, Pakistan. Bartleby. (2000) Attitudinize The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Published by the Houghton Mifflin Company. Bartleby.com. Beck, A. T. (1963) Thinking and Depression: 1. Idiosyncratic Content and Cognitive Distortions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 9: 324-333. In Shuja, Lina. (2005). Mothers Dysfunctional Attitude and Depressive Symptoms in Children. Pakistan Journal of Psychology, June, 36,1, 3955.University of Karachi, Pakistan. Beck, A. T. (1964) Thinking and Depression: 2. Theory and Therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 10: 561-571. In Shah, Lina. (2003). Mothers Dysfunctional Attitude and Depressive Symptoms. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Psychology, University of Karachi, Pakistan. Beck, A.T. (1988) Love Is Never Enough: How Couples Can Overcome Misunderstandings, Resolve Conflicts, and Solve Relationship Problems Through Cognitive Therapy. New York: Harper & Row.

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