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12/6/2011

Topics
Parts of a power supply Ripple Voltage Regulation Capacitor input filter RMS ripple and ripple voltage DC voltage output Effect of capacitor sizing

EE 21 Slides (AAMS)

Power Supply Design


A little more diode applications

Block diagram of a power supply

Ripple Voltage
A rectified AC signal will have a DC (steady) component and an AC (varying) component known as the ripple. Ripple is given by the equation

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ripple voltage(rms) Vr( rms ) x100% dc voltage Vdc

Example
The following readings were obtained in measuring the output signal of a filter circuit:
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Voltage Regulation
Describes the amount of change between the no-load and load conditions of a power supply.
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DC voltmeter: 25 volts DC AC voltmeter: 1.5 volts RMS Compute for the ripple of the filter output. Ans: 6%

Given by the following equation:

%V .R.

VNL VFL x100% VFL

Where %V.R. voltage regulation VNL = DC voltage at no-load VFL = DC voltage at full-load

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Example
A DC voltage supply provides 60 V when the output is unloaded. When connected to a load, the measured voltage drops to 56 V. Calculate the voltage regulation. Ans. 7.1428%

Ripple factor of a half-wave rectified signal


Vdc 0.318Vm
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Vr ( rms ) 0.385Vm
r Vr ( rms ) Vdc 0.385Vm x100% 121% 0.318Vm

Ripple factor of a full-wave rectified signal


For half-wave rectified signal:

Capacitor Filter
Capacitor develops voltage from the output of the rectifier circuit (RC charging) The capacitor discharges during down time of rectifier circuit cycle

Vdc 0.636Vm
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Vr ( rms ) 0.308Vm
r Vr ( rms ) Vdc 0.308Vm x100% 48% 0.636Vm

Capacitor Filter Operation


Normal rectifier output With capacitor filter

Output Waveform Times


At T1: -diodes conduct -cap charges to Vm At T2: -rectifier V drops -cap discharges

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Output Waveform Times


Charge-discharge cycle occurs every half-cycle of rectifier
Filtered voltage includes a dc level Vdc, as well as a ripple voltage Vr(rms) caused by capacitor charging and discharging.

Ripple Voltage Vr (RMS)


Vr (rms ) I dc 2.4 I dc 2.4Vdc C RL C 4 3 fC

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IMPORTANT! Idc in milliamperes C in microfarads RL in kilohms

Example
Calculate the ripple voltage of a full-wave rectifier with a 100-F filter capacitor connected to a load drawing 50mA.
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DC Voltage Vdc
Vdc Vm I dc 4.17 I dc Vm 4 fC C

Ans. 1.2 V

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Where Idc in milliamperes C in microfarads Vm is the peak rectifier voltage

Example
If the peak rectified voltage for the previous filter circuit example is 30 Volts, calculate the filter DC voltage.
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Filter Capacitor Ripple


r 2.4 I dc 2.4 I dc Vr (rms ) x100% x100% x100% Vdc CVdc RL C
Where Idc in milliamperes C in microfarads Vdc in Volts RL in kilohms

Ans. 27.915 Volts

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Example
Calculate the ripple of a capacitor filter for a peak rectified voltage of 30 Volts, a capacitor C = 50F, and a 50 mA load current.
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Diode Conduction Period and Peak Diode Current


Larger capacitor = less ripple, higher Vdc However, capacitor size directly affects the current drawn by the rectifying diodes Larger capacitor = larger peak current drawn by rectifying diodes
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Ans. 4.3%

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Capacitor Filter Waveforms

Current calculations

T I dc 1 I peak T T I peak I dc T1

Where T1 = diode conduction time T = rectifier period (note that its twice for the fullwave) Idc = average current drawn from filter Ipeak = peak current through conducting diodes

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