BOBADILLA, RENZ BENHAR O.

CEIT-05-401A SAFETY ENGINEERING/T 12:00-2:00pm

DEFINITION OF TERMS
ACCESS A point of entry or a means of entry into a circuit. ACCESSIBLE admitting close approach because not guarded by lock doors, elevation or other effective means. ACCESSIBLE PART A part so located that it can be contracted by a person, either directly or by means of a probe or tool, or that is not recessed the required distance behind an opening. ACCESSORIES Devices that perform a secondary or minor duty as an adjunct or refinement to the primary or major duty of a unit of equipment. ACOUSTICS The science of sound. ACOUSTIC SHOCK The physical pain, dizziness and sometimes nausea caused by hearing a sudden very loud sound. The threshold of pain is about 120 dBm. AGING The change in properties of a material with time. AIR GAP A separating space between two magnetic materials or conductors. ALARM A visual or audible signal which alerts personnel to the existence of an abnormal condition. ALIVE To have an electrical potential or charge different from that of the earth. ALPETH A type of telephone cable sheath featuring a corrugated aluminum tape applied longitudinally and a polyethylene jacket overall. AWG (AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE) A scale of cross sectional measurement for nonferrous (copper, bronze, aluminum, etc.) wires. AMPERE-HOUR The quantity of electricity represented by a current of one ampere that flows for one hour. ANCHOR Any device which hold something secure; a device buried in the ground to which anchor rods and guys are fastened. ANHYDROUS Dry; containing no water.

ANTENNA A means for radiating or receiving radio waves. APPLIANCE Any device that uses or needs electricity usually an electric current supply to perform a certain function or operation; any equipment, usually complete in itself, that transforms electric energy into another form usually aural, visual, heat or motion at the point of utilization. ARRESTER Device which diverts high transient voltage ground and away from the equipment thus protected; the voltage limiting portion of a protector. ARRESTER GAS-FILLED Protector consisting of opposing spaced metal electrodes within a sealed tube or enclosure filled with gas such as neon or argon. ASSEMBLY A grouping of components to publish a particular function. ATMOSPHERE, EXPLOSIVE Air holding in suspension dust, metal particles or flammable gas in such proportions that may ignite explosively. ATTACHMENTS All of the plant elements (cable, cross-arms, brackets, etc.) which are fastened to a supporting structure such as a pole. AUDIO Pertaining to frequencies which can be heard by the human ear. AUTOMATIC Describing the actions of a device or equipment which are taken without human supervision in response to a certain pre-determined conditions. BACKBONE The main system route, usually the route carrying the majority of the traffic, and often the longest series of cascaded hops. BANDWIDTH Range of frequencies of a device, within which its performance, in respect to some characteristics conform to specified limits; the difference between the upper and lower limits of the operating frequency of the device. BASEBAND Band of frequencies occupied by the aggregate of all the information signals used to modulate a carrier. BATTERY A group of two or more cells connected together to furnish current by conversion of chemical, thermal, solar or nuclear energy into electrical energy. Common usage permits this designation to be applied also to a single cell. BOND A low resistance electrical connection between two cable sheaths, between two ground connections or between similar parts of two circuits. BUS A conductor or group of conductors, that serve as a common connections for two or more circuits.

CABLE Assembly of insulated conductors into a compact form which is covered by a flexible, waterproof, protective covering. CIRCUIT (1) The complete electrical path between terminals over which telecommunications are provided; (2) A network of circuit elements: resistances, reactances, semiconductors, etc. to perform a specific function. CLIMBING SPACE The vertical spaced reserved along the side of a pole or tower to permit ready access for linemen to equipment and conductors located thereon. CONDUCTOR Anything, such as a wire or cable which is suitable for the carrying of an electric current. COMMUNICATIONS (1) Transmitting and/or receiving of information signals, or messages between two or more points; (2) the information thus received. Decibel (dB) Decibel, which is one-tenth of a bel. A unit expressing the ratio of two voltages, currents, or powers. It is equal to 20 times the common logarithm of the ratio of the two voltages or two currents and 10 times the common logarithm of the ratio of the two powers. DROPWIRE Insulated wires, used to run a subscribers line from the terminal on the pole to the protector at the house or building. ELECTRONICS The branch of science and technology which deals with the control and utilization of electron flow. ELECTRONIC SWITCHING The selective interconnection of channels of communication by means consisting essentially if not entirely of electronic circuitry and circuit elements. EXPLOSION PROOF One that is designed and constructed to withstand an explosion of a gas or vapor that may occur within it or its immediate vicinity and to prevent the ignition of the gas or vapor surrounding or within its enclosure. EXPOSED PART A part which can be inadvertently touched or approached nearer than a safe distance. FACILITY Anything used or available for use in the furnishing of communication service. FACILITIES The elements used or available for use in the furnishing of communication service, such as radio facilities, outside plant facilities, indoor plant facilities, etc. The term does not normally include the customers equipment.

FAULT A physical condition that causes a device, a component or an element to fail to perform in a required manner. FAULT CURRENT A current that flows from one conductor to ground or to another conductor owing to any abnormal connection (including an arc) between the two. FLAME PROOF Apparatus so treated such that it will not maintain a flame or will not be injured readily when subjected to flame. FLAME RETARDING Property of materials structures such that they will not convey flame or continue to burn for longer times than specified in the appropriate flame test. FLASHOVER A discharge through air, around or over the surface of solid, liquid or other insulation, between parts of different potential of polarity, produced by the application of voltage such that the breakdown path becomes sufficiently ionized to maintain an electric arc. FUSE A device used for protection against excessive currents. Consisting of a short length of fusible metal strip which melts when the current through it exceeds the rated amount for a definite time. GROUND A conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental, by which an electric circuit or equipment is connected to the earth, or to some conducting body of relative large extent that serves in place of the earth. GROUND BUS A bus to which the grounds from individual pieces of equipment are connected, and that, in turn, is connected to ground at one or more points. GROUND RING A configuration of grounding conductors arranged around a structure such as building, tower footing, tower guy, anchor, etc. normally connected to an earth ground at one or more points. GUY A tension member (of solid or stranded wires) used to withstand an otherwise unbalanced force on a pole or other overhead line structures. OVERHEAD GUY A guy extending from a pole or structure to a pole structure or tree and sometimes called a span guy. ANCHOR GUY A guy which has its lower anchorage in the earth. GUY EXPOSED A guy which has any part less than 2.5 meters from vertical plane of any electric power conductor of more than 250 volts. GUY IN PROXIMITY A guy which has any part within a vertical distance of less than 2.5 meters from the level of power conductors and a radial distance of less than 1.8 meters from the surface of a wooden pole or structure.

GUARDED Covered, shielded, fenced, enclosed, or otherwise protected by means of suitable covers or casings, barrier rails or screens, or platform to remove the likelihood of dangerous contact with or approach by persons or objects to a point of danger. HANDHOLE An opening in an underground run or system into which workers reach, but do not enter. A subsurface box having a cover flush with the ground. HAZARD Any condition which imperils life, limb and property. INSULATED Separated from other conducting surfaces by a dielectric substance or air space permanently offering a high resistance to the passage of current and to disruptive discharge through the substance or space. When any object is said to be insulated, it is understood to be insulated in suitable manner for the conditions to which it is subjected. Otherwise, it is, within the purpose of this code, uninsulated. JOINT USE Occupancy of poles or structures by two or more different entities by mutual agreement. LIGHTNING ARRESTER A device designed to protect apparatus from high transient voltage, by diverting surge current to ground and capable of repeating this function as specified. COMMUNICATION LINES The channels or conductors and their supporting or containing components or structures usually located outdoors which are used for transmission/reception of information/intelligence in communication service (telephone, telegraph, data telemetering, video, etc.). POWER LINES The conductors and their supporting or containing structures which are located outdoors used for transmitting a supply of electrical energy. MAINTENANCE All of the work required to keep the plant, circuits, lines, facilities, systems and services up to standards. This includes testing, trouble clearing, repairing, and replacing defective elements. MANHOLE A subsurface chamber, large enough for a person to enter, in the route of one or more conduit runs, and affording facilities for placing and maintaining in the runs, conductors, cables and any associated apparatus. MANUAL Operated by mechanical force, applied directly by personal intervention. MESSENGER Stranded steel wires in a group which generally is not a part of the conducting system, its primary function being to support wires or cables of the system. NOISE Any unwanted disturbance in a communication system which tends to obscure the clarity and validity of signal in relation to its intended end use.

OPERATING CONTROL A control, usually a knob, pushbutton or lever, provided to enable the user to cause the appliance to perform its intended function, without the use of tools, when the appliance is in normal operating condition. PLANT A general term applied to the whole or portion of the physical property of a communication company which contributes to the furnishing of communication service. INSIDE PLANT All plant which is inside of buildings. OUTSIDE PLANTS All plant which is out of doors not in buildings, such as poles, conduits, cables, etc. installed overhead or underground. PRACTICABLE Capable of being accomplished by reasonably available and economic means. PROTECTOR A device which provides protection from over-voltage and/or over current. CARBON BLOCK PROTECTOR A protector whose voltage limiting element utilizes carbon blocks. GAS TUBE PROTECTOR A protector whose voltage limiting element employs electrodes in a gas filled (neon, argon, etc.) envelope. QUALIFIED Persons trained and authorized for construction, maintenance and operation of the apparatus, circuit or system and responsible for the safety precautions involved. RADIANT ENERGY Any energy which radiates in the form of radio waves, infra red (heat) waves, light waves, X-rays, etc. RADIATE The spreading out of radiant energy. GROUND ROD A metallic rod, driven into the ground to provide an electrical connection to the earth. LIGHTNING ROD A metallic rod carried above the highest point of a pole or structures and connected to earth by a heavy copper conductor intended to carry lightning currents directly to earth. RECONSTRUCTION That work which in any way changes the identity of the plant or station or portions thereof. SERVICE DROP The installation from the terminal on the pole to the protector at the customers premises.

SAG The maximum departure, measured vertically, of a wire or cable in a given span from a straight line between the two points of support of the span at 60C and no wind loading. SPAN The horizontal distance between two adjacent supporting points of a cable or wire. SUPPLY CIRCUIT The branch circuit supplying electrical energy to the equipment or appliance. ELECTRONIC SYSTEM A configuration or arrangement of one or more electronic equipment producing the desired performance. TELECOMMUNICATION Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writings, images, sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, visual or other system that may in the future become known or developed. TENSILE STRENGTH The pulling stress required to break a material, such as a wire, expressed in kilograms of stress per cross-sectional area. TENSION Mechanical stress caused by forces which tend to stretch or severe the material stressed. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TENSION One half of the tensile strength for messenger guys, etc. and one fourth of the tensile strength for communication cables and wires. MAXIMUM WORKING TENSION The tension resulting under the construction arrangement with the maximum loading conditions specified in Section 4. TOWER DISPLACEMENT The horizontal displacement of a point on the tower axis from its no-wind load position at that elevation. TOWER SWAY Tower sway at any specified elevation shall be defined as the angular displacement of a tangent to the tower axis at the elevation from its no-wind load position at that elevation. TOWER TWIST Tower twist at any specified elevation shall be defined as the horizontal angular displacement of the tower from its no-wind load position at that elevation. UNDERGROUND Describing communication facilities installed below the surface of the earth. WORKING SPACE The space extending laterally from the climbing space, reserved for working below, above and between conductor levels; the space surrounding a device or equipment.