D R2010

(~ages

2)

Name

..

Reg. No

..
200~

SIXTH SEMESTER B.TECH. (ENGINEERTNG). DEGREE EXAl1:INATION, JUNE

Time : Three Hours

ME 04 60l-Ie ENGINES AND GAS TU1.BINES

(20CH

l\1aximum . 100 Marks

Answer Question I and Questions? :(l 5 answer (a), (b) or (,:), (d) in '~ach (jllestwn.
I. (a) Compare two .stroke and fonr stroke h1gines. State its advantages ana rhsadval\tages.

(b) (c)
(d)

Admissions) What do you understand by V8l\", ti'Tling diagram? Explain the need ~.nd various events with a neat Sketch.
Explain the fuel supply system of Sl an! Cl Engines. What is supercharging? Wh"t dl'f' its limitations? Distinguish between normal ;.lIld ,lbnori'1al combustion. What 'W~ the additives used ill per.w! crq::;mes. State the need for them, What do you Imderstand by intcl'-ccolmg? Explain its effects on the Gas turbine power plant What are the merits and demerits of centrifugal and axial flow compressors? (8
x..')
=.:

(e)
(t) (g)

(h)

40

m~,rks)

2 (a) Exp]am the

ideal and actual cycles for ri'~ engine. (7 ;narks) The compression o.tio of an otto cycle l~' 8. At the beginning of the compression tht: pressure and temperature are 1 bar and :-;00 K respectively. The heat transfer to the ,llr per cycle is 1900 KJ/Kg of air. Calculate,
(b) (i) The pressure and temperatm'(' at. I he end of each process of the cycle

(ii) (iii)

TI;e thermal efficiency.

The mean effective pre::l::lure. (8 marks) Or

(c)

Explain different types of scavenging process in Engines. (7 marks)

(d) [n an air standard Diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 16, and at the beginning of isentropiC compression, the temperature IS 15C and the pressure is 0.1 Mpa. Heat is added until the temperature at the end of the constant pressure process is 1480C. Calculate (a) the cut-off ratio, (b) the heat supplied per kg of air, and (c) the cycle efficiency.

2 . 3. (a) Explain ignition system (If ~ 31 Engines. (7 marks) (8 marks)

D 32010

(b) Explain different met1 )ods of governing of IC Engines. (c) (d)

Or
Explain the exhaust er.l1ission from IC engines. Discuss various'methods to control it. (8 marks) What are stratifierj charge engines? Explain the working principle with a neat sketch? (7 marks) 4. (a) Define the fol~lowing :_.

(i) Cet~ane Number. ... (ii) 'Jctane Number.

(iii.j Diesel Index.

(iv) Flash & Fire Point. (8 marks)

(b) Explain the phenomena of ignition delay in Ie engine. (c) Explain the phases of normal combustion.

(7 marks)

Or
(7 marks) (8 marks)

(d) Discuss the effect of engine variables on diesel knock. 5.

(a) Explain regeneration and reheating in gas turbines. (7 marks) (b! Write short notes on the perfonnance of a gas

turbine. (8 marks) (c) Write notes on combustion chamber desig:n of a gas turbine.

Or
(8 marks)

(d) Explain gas turbine design and the limiting factors associated with. (7 marks)

(8 marks) Turn over

C 14741

(Pages: 3) Name . Reg. No .

SIXTH SEMESTER B.TECH. (ENGINEERING) DEGREE EXAMINATION DECEMBER 2010

ME 04 60l-Ie ENGINES AND GAS TURBINES (2004 admissions)
Time : Three Hours Maximum: 100 Marks

Answer all questions.

1. (a) Discuss the important features that distinguish four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine from (b) Explain combustion engine. two-stroke cycle internalvalve timing diagram for four-stroke cycle spark ignition engine. (c) Describe the methods of measuring the hent lost in exhaust 'gases of an I.e. engine.

(d) Define volumetric efficiency as applied to petrol engine. How does the volumetric efficiency of an engine limit the power output. (e) Explain the phenomena of knocking in S.L engine. What are the different factors which influence the knocking? Describe the methods used to suppress it.
(f)

What is meant by ignition delay? Name and describe'the two components of ignition delay period. (g) Explain with neat sketch closed cycle gas turbine plant.

(h) Discuss with the help of graphs, the variations or cycle thermal efficiency with pressure ratio at various maximum cycle temperatures for gas turbine plant.

(c) An oil engine works on the Dual cycle. The compression ratio is 10 and expansion ratio is 5.5.
2 C 14741 The initial pressure and temperature of the air are 1 bar and 300 K. The heat liberated at

constant volume. The expression and compression follow the law PV1.3 = C. Find the following; (a) Pressure and temperature at all salient points.
(b) Mean effective pressure of the cycle.

(c) Efficiency of the cycle. Room temperature Bore 20C (d)

The power ifworking cycles are 500/min and20 cm 24 cm and L d= Stroke 25 cm Speed 350 r.p.m.

=40 cm.

(15 marks) 3. 1.2 m Brake drum diameter (a) Net brake load 450 N The following observations were made during as test on a two-stroke cycle oil engine :Mean effective pressure Oil consumption Calorific value of oil Quantity ofjacket cooling water Rise in temperature ofjacket water Temperature of exhaust gases entering
(8x 5=40 marks) the exhaust gas calorimeter Temper'ature of 2. (a) Show that 'the compression ratio for the maximum work to be done per kg of air in an Otto cycle exhaust gas having the exhaust gas between upper and lower limits of absolute temperatures T3 and T1 is given by : calorimeter Quantity of water passing To exhaust through)~(Y-l) gas calorimeter Rc ( To =Temperature rise ofcalorimeter water i 8 kg/min 1

2.8 bar 3.6 kg/hr 41800 kJlkg 455 kglhr 28C

8C (7 marks) Determine the indicated abd brake power mechanical efficiency and brake thermal efficiency up a heat (b) balance onthe air standard efficiency ofthe cycle when the cycle d~velops maximum work with the Find one minute basis. temperature limit of 300 K and 1200 K and working fluid is air. What will be the percentage change in the Or efficiency and work done if helium is used as working fluidthefour-strokecycle is measured bybetween the (b) Theairconsumptionofa30kWfour-strokeengineworkingon instead ofair ? The cycle operates means ofa same temperature limit for maximum coefficient ofdischarge circular orifice of diameter 3.8 cm. The work development. for the orifice is 0.6 and the pressure across the orifice is 14.5 cm ofwater. The barometer reading is (8 marks) and air 75 cmof Hg 3 and the compression ratio is 6.4. temperature 24C. The swept volume of the engine cylinder is 2210 cm Or The consumption is 0.13 kg/min and the engine speed is 2500 r.p.m. The calorific value is 44,000 kJlkg.

Turn over

Determine: _________

"'".""_ ~=_ =~

__

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(a) Air-fuel ratio. (b) Tlvolumetric

4.

(c) (a) Discuss the important features that distinguish (Brake) cycle internal combustion engine PM four-stroke (d) from two-stroke cycle internal combust.ion engine. (8 marks) llrelative . (b) (c) Explain the valve timing diagram for four-stroke cycle spark ignition engine. (7 marks) Or What do you understand by the terms "pre-ignition' and "detonation" ? Sketch indicator diagrams to illustrate their effect. (8 marks) (d) (15 marks) Discuss briefly the factors which may influence detonation in a petrol engine, illustrating with sketches the influence of the forms of combustion chambers. (7 marks)

5.

(a) In a gas turbine plant the ratio of TmaJTmin is fixed. Two arrangements are to be investigated: (i) Singlestagecompressionfollowed byexpansionintwoturbinesofequalpressureratios with reheat to the maximum cycle temperature, and (ii) Compressionintwocompressors ofequalpressul'e-ratloswithintercoolingto minimum cycle temperature followed by single-stage expansion.

C 6146

(Pages 2) Name .

Reg. No SIXTH SEMESTER B.TEeR. (ENGINEERING) DEGREE EXAMINATION, JUNE 2010 ME 04 601-I.C.
ENGINES AND GAS TURBINES (2004 Admissions) Time : Three Hours Maximum: 100 Marks . Answer all questions. Part A

1.

List the important I.C. Engine parts.

2. The bore and stroke ofan enginf" working on the otto cycle are 17 cm and 30 cm respectively. The clearance volume is 0.001025 m3 Find the compression ratio. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Differentiate quality governing and quantity governing in LC. engines. What is a stratified charge engine? What are the basic requirements ofa good S.L engine combustion chamber. Name any four. Name the stages ofcombustion in a C.l. engine. Draw the P-8 diagram. Draw and P-v are the compressorfor the simple entropic efficiencies, show thatand heat exchanger. output If Tic the TIT and T-s diagrams and turbine is gas turbine cycle with reheat the optimum specific is obtained at the same overall pressure ratio for each arrangement. (15 marks) What are the basic requirements ofa gas turbine combustion chamber? (8 x 5 =40 marks) PartB Or
(b) The following data apply to a gas turbine set employing a heat exchanger isentropic efficiency of 9. compressor =0.83,expression efficiency of Turbineefficiency ofa dual ccmbustion cycle. combustion (a) Derive an Isentropic for the air standard =0.85. Mech. transmission efficiency, efficiency = 0.98, H.E. effectiveness = 0.80, Pressure ratio = 4.0, Maximum cycle temperature = 1100 K, Ambient conditions = 1 bar and 288 K Lower heating value of fuel = 43,100 kJlkg. Take Cp = 1.005 kJlkg K, r = 1.4 during compression and Cp = 1.147 kJlkg-K, r = 1.33 during compression and expansion. Calculate specific work output, specific fuel consumption and cycle efficiency. Neglect all losses. (15 marks) [4x 15 = 60 marks]

C6146

12. (a) Describe a battery ignition system with a help of a sketch. (b) The following readings were obtained from a test on a single cylinder oil engine working on the four-stroke cycle. Areaoftheindicatordiagram=4.1em2, lengthifindicatordiagram6.25 em,indicator spring rating =0.9 mm, cylinder bore =10.5 cm, engine stroke 15 em, mean diameter of brake wheel

= 0.6 m brake load = 186 N spring balance reading =30 N, engine speed =480 RPM.
Calculate the brake power, indicated power and mechanical efficiency. (7 + 8 = 15 marks) 13. (a) What is meant by combustion induced swirl? Show with sketches two important designs of CI combustion chamber using this method of swirl. (b) Write a note on octane number and cetane number. (10 + 5 =15 marks)
Or

14.

(a) What are the disadvantages of : 1 T-head

combustion chamber; and 2 Side value combustion chamber. (b) Explain the phenomenon of diesel knock. Compare it with the phenomenon ofdetonation in ~.I. engine. (c) Name any four factors which affect the tendency of detonation. (6 + 5 + 4 =15 marks)

(b) marks)

Explain the scavenging process in two-stroke engine. What is meant by blow down? (8 + 7 =15 Or

10. (b)

(a) Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of four-stroke and two-stroke cycle engines. Explain with P-v diagram the loss due to variation in specific heat in otto cycle. (7 + 8 =15

marks) 11. (a) Sketch and explain the fuel consumption loop in the S.I. engine. (b) Discuss with the help ofa suitable sketch, the wet sump lubricating system. (7 + 8 =15 marks) Or

Turn over

C 58389 (Pages: 2) Nal:ne....

oo

Reg. No

SIXTH SKMESTER B.TECH. EXAMINATION, JUNE 2009

(ENGINEERING)

DEGREE

ME 04 GOt-Ie ENGINES AND GAS TUR.RINgS

(2004 admissions)
Time: Three Hours
i\/IaximnlTI: WO Marks

Ansu;er all questions.

1. (a) Compare four stroke and two ht.rnke eycle ;:engines. List out; he;;}' {';t:"it'i ::,J.1 <!(ul~~rits. (b) Compare Otto, Diesel ;lnd Dwtll:j'les tor the (i) same comprcsslon ratio and heat input. (ii) same maximurn presslUC :md lwat input. (iii) same l11ilxiIllUrl1 pressure and tempel'attlre. (c) Write short notes on eooling ;:;,)'i'tem of an Ie engine. (d) Explain the construction and operation of ,;vankel engine,\ ;;h l :elt ::.l:', h. (e) }i;xplain brietly the combw3tiun phenomenon in Ie engiac.
(f) Enlist various mdhor!" A fen/rolling (be-sel knock. (v,) Explain

Assume any missing data suitably.

regeneration and n:heating in ~as turbine. (h) Writ.e short notes on thE' 1>erfcrmance of a gas turbine.

15. (a) Discuss the effect ofimpeller Blade shape on performance ofa centrifugal compressor. (b) The poly tropic efficiency of the compressor is 85%. Ifthe ideal outlet temperature of the compressor is twice of the inlet, calculate the isentropic efficiency of the compressor. Ifthe polytropicefficiencyofthe turbine is same as the compressor calculate the isentropic efficiency of the turbine, assuming that there is no pressure loss. Take ../air =1.4 ~gas =1.33. (7 + 8 = 15 marks)
Or 16. (a) Show that the specific work output is maximum when the pressure ratio is such that the compressor outlet and turbine outlet temperatures are equal.

(b) Define degree of reaction. Show that when the degree of reaction is 50%, the blades are symmetrical. (7 + 8 =15 marks) [4 x 15 = 60 marks]

C 58389

(b) (i) Explain the principle of operation of a differential with a neat sketch. (7 marks) (ii) Explain the step-by-step procedure for the heat balance test. (8 marks)

2. (a) A gas engine operating on the ideal Otto cycle has a compression ndi,. of 6 : I. The pres''ure and temperature at the commencement of compressi0I! are 1 bar and 27" C. The heat addpd during the constant volume c0mbustii1n proce,'3s is 1170 ktJ/kg. D,::te'f.i,;::t> i.h: j/pak pressure and temperature, work output per kg. of eli!" and air d:md3.rd ,f1:icii'IWy \;>,,\i['i:~ C v =0.717 k,Jfkg. K and y =1.4 for air. (15 illarks) Or
(b) (i) Explain the scavenging proceGS in t."vo stroke enginc. Disc'h'i t1)/...:.~(: ..n,r;gj{}g prOCC:48C8 used in two stroke engine. (7 marks)

(ii) Explain various stages of the Port timing and valve tiJ,m"~ dWi;r:lIil !e)r two stroke and four stroke cycle engine. (8 marks) 3. (a) (i) What are two types ofinjection pump that are commonly used in diesel (:fi{{ines ? Explain their working principle with neat sketch. (8 marks) (ii) Explain transistorized coil ignition system with a sketch. (7 marks) Or Turn over

.....Ji...;~

4. (a) (i) Distinguish between Normal combustion and Abnormal combustion. (5 marks) D52408 is Additives?N aIue . lkg.different additives used in diesel engines and explain its (Pages 2) No . (ii) What List out the importance. (6 marks)

SIXTH SE:MESTER B.TECH~ briefly. (4 marks) (iii) What are the different methods of fuel rating? Explain (ENGINEERING) DEGREE EXAMINATION, DECE:MBER 2008 Or 04 60l-IC ENGINES AND GAS TURBINES ME
(b) Explain the different types of combustion chambers used in IC eng~ne with neat sketch and (2004 Admissions)

list out the merits and demerits. (15 marks) 100 Marks Answer all questions. Time: Three Hours Maximum:

Assume any missing data suitably. 5. (a) Explain the working principle of a simple gas turbine cycle with intercooled cycle, with the schematic diagram and derive the expression for specific work output and maximum efficiency. Draw also the p-V and T-s diagrams of the cycle.
I. (a) Explain briefly crankcase scavenging. (15 marks)

(b)

Explain ideal and actual cycles for ICOr engine.

(15 marks) [4 x 15

(b) Explain the various short notes on cooling system oJ an IC E'ngine.with a neat sketch. (c) Write types of combustion chamber used in gas turbine

(d) (e)
(f)

Explain the battery ignition system with a neat sketch. List out the various factors which affect combustion in Ie P!lgine. What is Pre-ignition? Explain its effect. Write short notes on the performance of a gas turbine.

=60 marks]

(g) (h)

Explain gas turbine design and the limiting factors associated with. (8 x 5 =40 marks)

D 52408

(ii)

What is meant by supercharging? And -list out the limitations of supercharging in an Ie engine. (7 marks)

Or
(b)
(i) Explain the construction and operation of a free piston engine with a ne-at sketch. (6 marks)

(ii)

Whatarethedifferenttypesofcoolingsystems usedinmodemautomobile?Explainwith neat sketch. (9 marks)

IV.

(a) Explain the following types of combustion chamber with neat sketch: (a) Direct combustion chamber. (b) Turbulent chamber. (c) Pre-eombustion chamber. (d) Energy cell. (15 marks)

(b) (i)

Or Distinguish clearly between 'Octane Number' and Cetane Number'. What is their

significance in rating of fuel ? (6 marks) II. (a) In an air standard Otto cycle, th~ compression ratio is 7 and the compression begins at 1 bar and 313 K. The heat added is 2510ExplainFind: (i) Maximum temperature and pressure of the cycle; (ii) Workdone (ii) What is Detonation? kJlkg. the process ofdetonation. (5 marks) per kg of air; (iii) Cycle efficiency; :-:lld Ijv);"'Iean effective pressure. (For air, C= 0.713 kJlkgK and R -= 0.28'7 (iii) Explain the different factors affecting detonation. (4 marks) kJlkgK). v V. (a) Ex.plain the working principle of a simple gas turbine cycle with intercooled cycle, with the (15 marks) schematic diagram and derive the expression for specific work output and maximum efficiency. Draw also the p-V and T-s diagrams ofthe cycle. Or (b) For an engine working on the ideal Dual cycle, the compression ratio is 10 and the maximum pressure is limited to 70 bar. If the heat supplied is 1680 kJlkg, find the pressure and temperatures at the various salient points of the cycle and the cycle efficiency. The pressure and temperature ofair at the commencement ofcompression are 1 bar and 100 C respectively. Assume C p =1.004 kJlkg K and Cv
0

=0.717 kJlkg K for air.

III. (a) (i) Explain with a neat sketch the principle of exhaust cylinder engine. (8 marks) turbo charging of a single

(15 marks)

Turn over

C 47633
SIXTH SEMESTER JUNE 2008 B.TECH.

(Pages: 2) Narne , . Reg. No .

(ENGINEERING)

DEGREE

EXAMINATION

ME 04 601---IC ENGINES AND GAS TURBINES

(2004 Admissions) Time: Three Hours
Maximum: WO Marks

Answer all questions. Assume any missing data suitably. I. (a) Explain briefly crankcase scavenging.
(b)

Explain various stages of the valve timing diagram for four :stnJke cycle \',,~il:e. Explain the fuel supply system of SI and CI engines. Explain the battery ignition systr:m with a neat sketch. Explain briefly the combustion phenomenon in IC engine. Explain the following (i) Fuel rating (ii) After burning. Explain the effects of intercooling on t.he gas turbine power plant. Write notes on combustion chamber design of a gas turbine. (8x 5 =40 marks)

(c) (d) (e)

(f)

(g) (h)

11.

(a) Derive an expression for the efficiency of Otto cycle and expbin on the effect of comlJreSSiOIl ratio on the efficiency with respect to ratio of specific heat: by means of a t-nit:\hle graph. (15 marks)

Or
(b) The compression ratio of an ideal air standard Diesel cycle is 15. The heat transfer is H,G[, kJ/kg ofair. Find the pressure and temperature at the end of each process and determine the cycle efficiency. What is the mean effective pressure of the cycle, if the inlet conditions are aoo K and 1 bar.
(15 marks)

III.

(15 marks) (a) (i) What are the different types of cooling systems llsed in modem automobile? Explain with neat sketch. Or (b) With neat sketches explain the working ofclosed cycle arrangements and discuss the advantages (ii) Explain turbo charging in engines. (5 marks) Or and disadvantages ofclosed cycle system over open cycle system.
(b) (10 marks)

(i) What are the requirements of the transmission system? (5 marks) (ii) Explain the Principle of operation of a differential with a neat sketch. (6 marks)

(15 marks) (4 x 15

=60 marks)

2 C 47633

IV. (a) (i) Explain the phenomena of ignition delay in IC engine. (4 marks) (ii) Explain the Different Theories of Detonation and explain how to control detonation (7 marks) (iii) Explain the different factors affecting detonation. (4 marks)

Or
(b) Explain the different types of combustion chambers used in IC engine with neat sketch and list out the merits

and demerits. (15 marks)

V. (a) Explain the working Principle of a simple gas turbine cycle with reheat cycle, with the schematic diagram and

derive the expression for specific work output and maximum efficiency. Draw also the p-V and T-s diagrams of the cycle. (15 marks)

Or
(b) (i) Explainare the types of nozzlesofa centrifugal compressor with suitable diagram.(9 marks) (ii) What the working principle used in an aircraft engine? Briefly explain them.(6 marks)

(iii)

Explain the front longitudinal engine automotive transmission system with neat sketch. (4 marks)

Turn over

D 42287 (Pages: 2) Name....................................

Reg. No................................

SIXTH SEMESTER B.TECH. (ENGINEERING) DEGREE EXAMINATION DECEMBER 2007 ME 04 601-IC ENGINES AND GAS TURBINES (2004 Admissions)

Time : Three Hours Maximum: 100 Marks

Answer all questions. Assume any

mis::Jing data suitably. 1. (a) Compare four stroke and two ~troke cycle enginea. List out its advantages and disadvantages. (b) Draw the on p-V and Ts diagrams of a dual cycle and mark the various processes. (c) Explain the magneto ignition system with a neat sketch. (d) Explain the step by step procedure for the neat b~tlance test. (e) List out the various factors which affect combustion in IC ~ngine.
(f) 'Vhat is Pre-ignition? Explain its effect.

(g) What is meant by a stage and explain in detail the stage velocity triangles? (h) Write notes on combustion chamber design of a gas turbine. (8 x 5= 40 marks) [4 x 15 =60 marks] II. (a) An engine working on the Otto cycle is supplied with air at 0.1 MPa, 350 C. The compression ratio is 8. Heat supplied is 2100 kJlkg. Calculate the maximum pressure and temperature ofthe cycle. the cycle efficiency and the mean effective pressure. (For air, Cp

=1,005 kJlkgK, Cv = 0.718 kJlkg K and R = 0.287 kJlkgK).

(15 marks)
"'\

Or (b) (i) Explain ideal and actual cycles for IC engine. (7 marks) (ii) EXplain different types of scavengin~~1"ocess in engines witt ueat sketch. (8 marks:

2 D422S7 (b) (i) Explain the construction and operation ofstratified charged engine with a neat sketch. (8 mark~)
(ii) Why Morse test is not suitable for single cylinderengine? Describe the method offinding

frictional power using Morse test. (7 marks) IV. (a) Explain the following types ofcombustion chamber with neat sketch:(i) Direct combustion chamber.
(ii) Turbulent chamber. (iii) Pre-combustion chamber.

(iv) Energy cell. (15 marks) Or

(b) (i) Distinguish clearly between "Octane Number" and "Cetane Number". What is their significance in rating of fuel ? (6 marks)
(ii) What is Detonation? Explain the process of Detonation. (5 marks) (iii) Explain the different factors affecting detonation. (4 marks)

V. (a) Explaintheworkingprinciple ofasimplegas turbinecyclewithreheatcycle,withtheschematic diagram and derive the expression for specific work output and maximum efficiency. Draw also the p-V and T-s diagrams of the cycle.

III. (a) Explain the following cool~g syst~ws with neat sketch:
(~\ ~orced circulation cooling

system.

(ii) Evaporative cooling system. (iii) Pressure cooling system. (15 mark
Or

Turn ov

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