II. Entry Phase A.

Sometimes called the social preparation phase as to the activities done here includes the sensitization of the people on the critical events in their life, innovating them to share their dreams and ideas on how to manage their concerns and eventually mobilizing them to take collective action on these. B. This phase signals the actual entry of the community worker/organizer into the community. She must be guided by the following guidelines however. 1. Recognizes the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform them of their presence and activities. 2. The appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those of the community residents without disregard of their being role models. 3. Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents; adopt a low-key profile. Phases of COPAR Process: 1. Pre-Entry Phase - is the intial phase of the organizing process where the community organizer looks for communities to serve and help. Acitivities include: Preparation of the Institution * * * * Train faculty and students in COPAR. Formulate plans for institutionalizing COPAR. Revise/enrich curriculum and immersion program. Coordinate participants of other departments.

Site Selection * * * * Initial networking with local government. Conduct preliminary special investigation. Make long/short list of potential communities. Do ocular survey of listed communities.

Criteria for Initial Site Selection

* * * *

Must have a population of 100-200 families. Economically depressed.* No strong resistance from the community. No serious peace and order problem. No similar group or organization holding the same program.

Identifying Potential Municipalities * Make long/short list. Identifying Potential Barangay * Do the same process as in selecting municipality. * Consult key informants and residents. * Coordinate with local government and NGOs for future activities. Choosing Final Barangay * Conduct informal interviews with community residents and key informants. * Determine the need of the program in the community. * Take note of political development. * Develop community profiles for secondary data. * Develop survey tools. * Pay courtesy call to community leaders. * Choose foster families based on guidelines Identifying Host Family * * * * * House is strategically located in the community. Should not belong to the rich segment. Respected by both formal and informal leaders. Neighbors are not hesitant to enter the house. No member of the host family should be moving out in the community.

2. Entry Phase - sometimes called the social preparation phase. Is crucial in determining which strategies for organizing would suit the chosen community. Success of the activities depend on how much the community organizers has integrated with the commuity. Guidelines for Entry * Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform their presence and activities.

* Her appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those of the community residents without disregard of their being role model. * Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents; adopt a lowkey profile. Activities in the Entry Phase * Integration - establishing rapport with the people in continuing effort to imbibe community life. o living with the community o seek out to converse with people where they usually congregate o lend a hand in household chores o avoid gambling and drinking * Deepening social investigation/community study o verification and enrichment of data collected from initial survey o conduct baseline survey by students, results relayed through community assembly Core Group Formation * Leader spotting through sociogram. Key persons - approached by most people Opinion leader - approach by key persons Isolates - never or hardly consulted 3. Organization-building Phase Entails the formation of more formal structure and the inclusion of more formal procedure of planning, implementing, and evaluating community-wise activities. It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given training (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their style in managing their own concerns/programs. Key Activities * Community Health Organization (CHO) o preparation of legal requirements o guidelines in the organization of the CHO by the core group o election of officers * Research Team Committee

* Planning Committee * Health Committee Organization * Others * Formation of by-laws by the CHO 4. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase Occurs when the community organization has already been established and the community members are already actively participating in communitywide undertakings. At this point, the different committees setup in the organization-building phase are already expected to be functioning by way of planning, implementing and evaluating their own programs, with the overall guidance from the community-wide organization. Key Activities * Training of CHO for monitoring and implementing of community health program. * Identification of secondary leaders. * Linkaging and networking. * Conduct of mobilization on health and development concerns. * Implementation of livelihood projects. _____________________________________________________________________________ _ Copar 1. C O P A R (COMMUNITY ORGANIZING PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH) o COPAR is a social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, poor into dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community. o a collective, participatory, transformative, liberative, sustained and systematic process of building people's organizations by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their exploitative conditions (1994 National Rural CO Conference). COPAR

A process by which a community identifies its needs and objectives, develops confidence to take action in respect to them and in doing so, extends and develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community (Rose 1967). A continuous and sustained process of educating the people to understand and develop their critical awareness of their existing conditions, working with the people collectively and efficiently on their immediate needs toward solving their long-term problems.

Importance of COPAR o COPAR is an important tool for community development and people empowerment as this helps the community workers to generate community participation in development activities. o COPAR prepares people to eventually take over the management of a development program in the future. COPAR maximizes community participation and involvement; community resources are mobilized for health development services. PRINCIPLES OF COPAR
o

o o

People, especially the oppressed, exploited and deprived sectors are open to change, have the capacity to change and are able to bring about change. COPAR should be based on the interests of the poorest sectors of the society. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant community and society.

PROCESS/METHODS USED IN COPAR PROGRESSIVE CYCLE OF ACTION-REFLECTION-ACTION

o

Which begins in small, local and concrete issues identified by the people and the evaluation and reflection of and on the action taken by them.

CONSCIOUSNESS-RAISING
o

Through experiential learning is central to the COPAR process because it places emphasis on learning that emerges from concrete action and which encircles succeeding action.

COPAR IS PARTICIPATORY & MASS-BASED

Because it is primarily directed towards and biased in favor of the poor, the powerless and the oppressed.

COPAR IS GROUP-CENTERED And not leader centered. Leaders are identified, emerge and are tested through action rather than appointed or selected by some external force or entity. Phases of C O P A R
o o o o o

PRE-ENTRY ENTRY ORGANIZING SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE-OUT

Pre- Entry phase o The initial phase of the organizing process where the community organizer looks for communities to serve or help. It is the most complex phase in terms of actual outputs, activities, and strategies and time spent for it.

RECOMMENDED ACTIVITIES:
o o o o o o

Statement of objectives, and realization of copar guidelines. Laying out the site criteria. Site selection. Meeting and courtesy call to the local government unit of the selected site. Courtesy call to the barangay level. Meeting w/ the will be foster parents of the health care students.

Criteria For Site Selection

o o o o

Is the community in need of assistance? Do the community members feel need to work together to overcome a specific health problem? Are there concerned groups and organizations that the nurse can possibly work with? What will be the counterpart of the community in terms of community support, commitment and human resources?

ENTRY IN THE COMMUNITY AND INTEGRATION WITH THE PEOPLE

o

Before actual entry into the community, basic information about the area in relation to the cultural practices and lifestyles of the people must be known. Establishing rapport and integrating with them will be much easier if one is able to understand, accept or imbibe their community life. Living with the people, undergoing their hardships and problems and sharing their hopes and aspirations help build mutual trust and cooperation.

SOME GUIDELINES IN CONDUCTING INTEGRATION WORK

o o o o o o o

Recognize the role and position of local authorities. Adapt a lifestyle in keeping w/ that of the community. Choose a modest dwelling which the people, especially the economically disadvantaged will not hesitate to enter. Avoid raising expectations of the people. Be clear w/ your objectives and limitations. Participate directly in production process. Make house calls and seek out people where they usually gather. Participate in some social activities.

ENTRY PHASE
o

Sometimes called the immersion phase as it the activities done here includes the sentization of the people on the critical events in their life, motivating them to share their dreams and ideas on how to manage their concerns and eventually mobilizing them to make collective action on THESE.

RECOMMENDED ACTIVITIES:
o o o o o o o o o

Courtesy call to mayor, or the local government leader of the selected site. Courtesy call to the barangay level. Meeting with the foster parents. Appreciating the environment. Meeting with community officials and residents. General assembly. Preparation of survey forms. Actual survey. Analysis of the data gathered

ORGANIZATIONAL- BUILDING PHASE

o The formation of more formal structures and the inclusion of more formal procedures of planning, implementing and evaluating community-wide activities. It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given trainings to develop their ask (attitude, knowledge and skills) in managing their own concerns/programs.

RECOMMENDED ACTIVITIES:
o o o o o o o o o

Meeting with the officials. Identifying problems. Spreading awareness and soliciting solution or suggestion. Analysis of the presented solution. Planning of the activities. Organizing the people to build their own organization. Registration of the organization. Implementing of the said activities. Evaluation.

SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE o Occur when the community organization has already been established and the community-wide undertakings. At this point, the different committees set-up in the organization-building phase are already expected to be functioning by way of planning, implementing and evaluating their own programs, w/ the overall guidance from the community-wide organization.

RECOMMENDED ACTIVITIES:
o o o o o o o o

Meeting with the organizational leaders. Evaluation of the programs. Re-implementing of the programs. (for unmet goals) Recommended activities: Education and training. Networking and linking. Implementation of livelihood projects. Developing secondary leaders.

PHASE OUT o The phase when the health care workers leave the community to stand-alone. This phase should be stated during the entry phase so that the people will be ready to for this phase. The organizations built should be ready to sustain the test of the community itself because the real evaluation will be done by the residents of the community itself.

RECOMMENDED ACTIVITIES:
o o

Leaving the immersion site. Documentation.

The Community Health Worker as a Documenter / Reporter

o

o o

The community health worker keeps a written account of services rendered, observations, condition, needs, problems and attitude of the client in community activities, accomplishments made and, etc. Community workers takes responsibility to disseminate pertinent information to appropriate authorities, agencies, and most especially to the client. At the same time, the community worker develops the peoples capabilities to keep/maintain their recording and reporting system. RECORDS refer to forms on which information pertaining the client is noted. REPORTS - refers to periodic summaries of the services/activities of an organization/unit or the analysis of certain phases of its work.

PURPOSE OF RECORDS AND REPORTS

o o o o o

Measure service/program directed to the clients. Provide basis for future planning. Interpret the work to the public and other agencies, community. Aid in studying the conditions of the community. Contributes to client care.

REFERENCE:

http://nursingcrib.com/nursing-notes-reviewer/phases-of-the-copar-process/ http://health.feedfury.com/content/38213950-nle-topics-copar-communityorganizing-participatory-action-research.html http://www.slideshare.net/VinLewis/copar-9482513