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The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2007, there were over 903 million international tourist arrivals, with a growth of 6.6% as compared to 2006. International tourist receipts were USD 856 billion in 2007.
Despite the uncertainties in the global economy, international tourist arrivals during the first four months of 2008 followed a similar growth trend than the same period in 2007.[4] However, as a result of the economic crisis of 2008, international travel demand suffered a strong slowdown beginning in June 2008, with growth in international tourism arrivals worldwide falling to 2% during the boreal summer months, while growth from January to April 2008 had reached an average 5.7% compared to its 2007 level. Growth from 2006 to 2007 was only 3.7%, as total international tourism arrivals from January to August were 641 million tourists, up from 618 million in the same period in 2007. Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as people who travel "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity. The United Nations classified three forms of tourism in 1994, in its "Recommendations on Tourism Statistics: Domestic tourism", which involves residents of the given country traveling only within this country; Inbound tourism, involving non-residents traveling in the given country; and Outbound tourism, involving residents traveling in another country
Rank
Country
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
81.9 million 59.2 million 56.0 million 54.7 million 43.7 million 30.7 million 24.4 million 23.1 million 22.2 million 21.4 million
79.1 million 58.5 million 51.1 million 49.6 million 41.1 million 30.7 million 23.6 million 18.9 million 18.9 million 21.4 million
United Kingdom Europe Germany Ukraine Turkey Mexico Europe Europe Europe North America
Rank
Country
(2007)[4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United States Spain France Italy China North America Europe Europe Europe Asia $96.7 billion $57.8 billion $54.2 billion $42.7 billion $41.9 billion $37.6 billion $36.0 billion $22.2 billion $18.9 billion $18.5 billion
(2006)[8] $85.7 billion $51.1 billion $46.3 billion $38.1 billion $33,9 billion $33.7 billion $32.8 billion $17.8 billion $16.6 billion $16.9 billion
United Kingdom Europe Germany Australia Austria Turkey Europe Oceania Europe Europe
Rank
Country
International Tourism Expenditures (2007)[4] $82.9 billion $76.2 billion $72.3 billion $36.7 billion $29.8 billion $27.3 billion $26.5 billion $24.8 billion $22.3 billion $20.9 billion
International Tourism Expenditures (2006)[8] $73.9 billion $72.1 billion $63.1 billion $31.2 billion $24.3 billion $23.1 billion $26.9 billion $20.5 billion $18.2 billion $18.9 billion
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
United Kingdom Europe France China Italy Japan Canada Russia South Korea Europe Asia Europe Asia North America Europe Asia
Most visited attractions by domestic and international tourists in 2007[11] Top 10 ranking tourist attractions
World's ranking
Tourist attraction
Location
Country
Times Square
United States
35
United States
25
Magic Kingdom
United States
16.6
Trafalgar Square
London
United Kingdom
15
Disneyland
Anaheim, California
United States
14.7
Niagara Falls
14
United States
13
Japan
12.9
Paris
France
12
10
Disneyland Paris
Paris
France
10.6
11
Badaling
China
10
15
Louvre
Paris
France
7.5
18
Eiffel Tower
Paris
France
6.7
24
Hong Kong
China
5.2
28
Universal Studios
Los Angeles
United States
4.7
31
Grand Canyon
Arizona
United States
4.4
36
Statue of Liberty
United States
4.24
37
Vatican City
Vatican City
Vatican City
4.2
38
Sydney
Australia
39
The Colosseum
Rome
Italy
42
United States
44
London Eye
London
United Kingdom
3.5
47
Giza Pyramids
Cairo
Egypt
50
Taj Mahal
Agra
India
2.4
Ranki ng
City
Numbe Numbe r of r of Countr intl. Ranki Count intl. Ranki City y visitors ng ry visitors ng (millio (millio ns) ns)
City
7.65
11
Barcelo Spa na in
5.04
Hong Kong
Chi na
12.05
Toron Ca to nada
6.63
12
Seoul
Sou th Korea
4.99
Un 3 Bangko Thai 10.84 k land 8 ited Dubai Arab Emirat es 6.54 13 Shangh Chi ai na 4.80
Istanb Tu ul rkey
6.45
14
Dublin
Irel and
4.63
Paris
Fran
8.76
10
Rome
Ital
6.12
15
Kuala
Ma
4.40
ce
Lumpur laysia
HSTORY: Wealthy people have always traveled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, experience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. Long ago, at the time of the Roman Republic, places such as Baiae, were popular coastal resorts for the rich. The word tourism was used by 1811 and tourist by 1840.
Leisure travel
Leisure travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom the first European country to promote leisure time to the increasing industrial population.[citation needed] Initially, this applied to the owners of the machinery of production, the economic oligarchy, the factory owners and the traders.
Mass tourism
Mass tourism could only have developed with the improvements in technology, allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time to places of leisure interest, so that greater numbers of people began to enjoy the benefits of leisure time.
Adjectival tourisms
See also: List of adjectival tourisms Adjectival tourism refers to the numerous niche or specialty travel forms of tourism that have emerged over the years, each with its own adjective. Many of these have come into common use by the tourism industry and academics.[citation needed] Others are emerging concepts that may or may not gain popular usage. Examples of the more common niche tourism markets include:
1. Culinary tourism 2. Dark tourism 3. Disaster tourism 4. Ecotourism 5. Heritage tourism 6. LGBT tourism 7. Medical tourism 8. Nautical tourism 9. Sex tourism 10. Space tourism 11. War tourism
Medical tourism
Main article: Medical tourism When there is a significant price difference between countries for a given medical procedure, particularly in Southeast Asia, India, Eastern Europe and where there are different regulatory regimes, in relation to particular medical procedures (e.g. dentistry), travelling to take advantage of the price or regulatory differences is often referred to as "medical tourism".
Educational tourism
Educational tourism developed, because of the growing popularity of teaching and learning of knowledge and the enhancing of technical competency outside of the classroom environment.[citation needed] In educational tourism, the main focus of the tour or leisure activity includes visiting another country to learn about the culture, such as in Student Exchange Programs and Study Tours, or to work and apply skills learned inside the classroom in a different environment, such as in the International Practicum Training Program. GROWTH
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) forecasts that international tourism will continue growing at the average annual rate of 4 %.[24] By 2020 Europe will remain the most popular destination, but its share will drop from 60% in 1995 to 46%. Long-haul will grow slightly faster than intraregional travel and by 2020 its share will increase from 18% in 1995 to 24% Tourism in pakistan: Although Pakistan has a huge image-problem around the world, tourism is still a growing industry in Pakistan, based on its diverse cultures, peoples and landscapes. [1] The variety of attractions range from the ruins of ancient civilizations such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa and Taxila, to the Himalayan hill stations, which attract those interested in field and winter sports. Pakistan is home to several mountain peaks over 7000m, which attracts adventurers and mountaineers from around the world, especially K2[2]. The northern parts of Pakistan have many old fortresses, towers and other architecture as well as the Hunza and Chitral valleys, the latter being home to the small pre-Islamic Animist Kalasha community who claim descent from the army of Alexander the Great. The romance of the North West Frontier Province is timeless and legendary. In the Punjab is the site of Alexander's battle on the Jhelum River and the historic city Lahore, Pakistan's cultural capital with many examples of Mughal architecture such as the Badshahi Masjid, Shalimar Gardens, Tomb of Jahangir and the Lahore Fort. To promote Pakistan's unique and various cultural heritage, the prime minister launched "Visit Pakistan 2007
Famous Landmarks
Badshahi Masjid (Emperor's Mosque), Lahore. Shalimar Gardens, Lahore. Skardu Hiran Minar, sheikhupura. Takht Bhai a Buddhist Monastic Complex, Mardan Ancient city of Taxila. Ancient city of Harappa. Ancient city of Moenjodaro. K2, second tallest mountain in the world, Northern Areas. Bhong Mosque, Rahim Yar Khan Nanga Parbat, one of the tallest and hardest mountain in the world to climb, Northern Areas. Wagha Border, Kasur. Faisal Mosque, Islamabad. Mausoleum of Quaid, Karachi.
Islamabad: Faisal Mosque, Margalla Hills, the pass of ancient kings from Europe, Central Asia and Iran, Simly Dam, Rawal Lake, Azad Kashmir: Muzaffarabad, Jhelum Valley, Bagh, Poonch Balochistan: Ziarat, Bolan Pass, Mehrgarh, Khojak Pass Federally Administered Tribal Areas & Northern Areas: Chakdara, Lower Dir, Upper Dir, Lowari Pass, Drosh, Chitral, Garam Chashma, Kohistan District, Besham, Pakistan, Chilas, Astore Valley, Nanga Parbat, Gilgit, Parri Bangla, Naltar Valley,BagrotHaramosh Valley,Juglot, Gashoo Pahoot,Rama Ishkoman, Yasin Valley, Ghizar, Baltistan, Skardu, Deosai National Park, Shigar, Khapalu Biafo glacier,Sadpar lack ,Shangrilla,K2 base camp,K7,Broad Peak,Braqthok khaplu,Gondogoro-laa, Masherbrum,Hunza, Nagar, Gojal, Chalt, Aliabad, Karimabad, Altit Fort, Gulmit, Passu, Sost, Khunjerab Pass NWFP: Peshawar, Kohat, Bannu, Mardan, Swat, Mingora, Saidu Sharif, Shangla District, Kalam valley, Haripur, Tarbela Dam, Havelian, Abbottabad, Thandiani, Mansehra, Kaghan Valley, Batagram Punjab: Murree, Cholistan Desert, Uch Sharif, Multan, Harappa, Pakpattan, Lahore, Fort Munro, Panjnad, Salt Range, Rohtas Fort, Taxila, Lal Suhanra National Park Sindh: Karachi, Mohenjo-daro, Hyderabad, Sehwan Sharif,Gorakh Hill, Manchhar Lake, Kot Diji, Kalri Lake, Bhambore, Thatta, Chaukundi Tombs, Makli Hill, Gateway of Pakistan, Haliji Lake, Kher Thar National Park, Hostorical City Thatto and Keti Bandar, Shahbandar,Jani Bandar, Bhanbhor. Gidu Bandar.
Malysia: is a country in South-East Asia, located partly on a peninsula of the Asian mainland and partly on the northern third of the island of Borneo. West Malaysia shares a border with
Thailand, is connected by a causeway and a bridge (Malaysia-Singapore Second Link) to the island state of Singapore, and has coastlines on the South China Sea and the Straits of Malacca. East Malaysia (Borneo) shares borders with Brunei and Indonesia. The government agency in charge of promoting tourism in Malaysia is Tourism Malaysia or the Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board (MTPB)[1]. In 2005, tourism accounted for 7% of Malaysia's economy.
Cities
George Town - the political capital of Penang. George Town is one of two cultural World Heritage Sites in Malaysia.
o
Gurney Drive - a popular seafront promenade, filled with condominiums and hotels. It is one of the busiest streets in Penang.
Ipoh - capital of Perak, famous for its Chinese food, tin mines and limestone mountains and caves. Alor Star - capital of Kedah, the state of the Paddy fields. Johor Bahru - capital of Johor, and gateway to Singapore. Kangar - capital of Perlis, and gateway to Thailand. Kota Kinabalu - capital of Sabah, and the largest city in East Malaysia. Kota Bahru - capital of Kelantan. Kuala Terengganu - capital of Terengganu, famous for the penyu (turtles) and beaches. Kuantan - capital of Pahang, noted for its many beaches. Kuching - capital of Sarawak, the Cat City of Malaysia. Melaka - a historical city in Malaysia. This is the other cultural World Heritage Site in Malaysia. Miri - the resort city of Sarawak is the gateway to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Mulu caves and numerous magnificent tourism attractions. Seremban - the capital of Negeri Sembilan, and the nearest cities to Port Dickson. Putrajaya - the administrative centre of Malaysia, known for its lavish buildings, bridges and man-made lakes. Petaling Jaya - a satellite city located in the state of Selangor, and is in the proximity of Kuala Lumpur. It has the most commercial complexes in Malaysia.
Beside the main cities, there other town and places in Malaysia offer some special tourist attraction. Such as in Taiping, Perak for their landscape and local attraction. Teluk Intan for their Leaning tower. Genting Highlands, Cameron Highlands and Bukit Tinggi in Pahang for a cool climate. Muar in Johor is famous for its food. Miri is the official tourism-city and resort city of Sarawak and Sibu in Sarawak is famous for its landscape and parks.
Labuan Langkawi Pangkor Penang Island, the western half of Penang, which is heavily industrialised Redang Island Tenggol Island Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park Perhentian Islands Kapas Island Tenggol Island Lang Tengah Island Rantau Abang Beach Mabul Sipandan
Bako National Park, Sarawak - famed for its wildlife, especially bearded pigs and proboscis monkeys Batang Ai National Park, Sarawak Endau Rompin National Park, Johor Gunung Gading National Park, Sarawak Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak Kinabalu National Park, Sabah - home of 4100 metre peak Mount Kinabalu. Kubah National Park, Sarawak Taman Negara National Park - the self-proclaimed World's Oldest Rainforest, spanning Kelantan, Pahang and Terengganu