Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Definition
A contract becomes unenforceable, impossible to perform, illegal or futile when something occurs after the formation of the contract which renders it physically or commercially impossible to fulfill the contract. This is known as a doctrine of frustration Example: When somebody made a contract with the other party that he transfer the good on the 12 December at 2 pm and not transfer it due to accident then the contract leads to the doctrine of frustration The Requirements of Doctrine of frustration are: (a) It must proceed from a cause not brought about by the defaulting partys default. (b) The cause must be inevitable and unforeseeable. (c) The cause must make execution of the contract wholly impossible.
When the person is died or became incapable to perform the contract then the contract also lead to end due to doctrine of frustration. Example Mr. A made a contract to sell his car for rupees 500000 to Mr. B, before the performance of the contract Mr. A died so contract is not possible to perform as Mr. A is died. It leads to the doctrine of Frustration.
4. Government intervention
A contract may be frustrated by government intervention such a declaration of war, one of the parties to the contract has become an enemy alien, then the contract will be frustrated Example: A contract is made between the two parties one belongs to the Pakistan and other belongs to the India about the trade of rice and after the contract the Government announced the war between the Pakistan and India. Then the contract became frustrated due to doctrine of frustration.
5. Frustration of the purpose
A contract has been frustrated by an event that merely renders its performance more difficult or expensive than anticipated. Example: Mr. A made a contract with the Mr. B to sell a horse for rupees 25000 and MR.B agree to buy the horse on the date 12 December but before the 12 December Mr. A is enter into a fetal decease and unable to performed it on the 12 of December then the contract is frustrated on the basis of unable to perform the purpose.
Mr. A made a contract with the Mr. B about the sales of the weapons for rupees 50000 at 20 November and after the contract and before the maturity of 12 November, the Law is passed that weapon is not sold unless with the issue of government license, so contract leads to the doctrine of frustration Rights of Parties, Involved in a Frustrated Contract :"When an agreement is discovered to be void due to doctrine of frustration than the any party who has received any advantage under such agreement or contract is bound to restore it or to make compensation for it to the person for whom he received."