www.wunan.com.

tw
(02)2705-5066

 www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

2006

http://classi.ppo.
scu.edu.tw/congress/

20067

20092010
2011

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

ii

66

2011/10/12

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

.............................. 3

11

17

........................................................ 19

19

20

25

37

41

49

52

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

ii

...................................................................... 59

59

63

68

77

89

96

100

.......................... 109

109

112

118

120

125

137

138

2008
.................................................................... 143

143

145

147

151

154

160

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

iii

162

163

........................................ 175

175

177

183

187

189

195

197

..... 199

199

202

208

210

216

224

230

232

..... 235

235

240

249

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

iv

254

261

275

277

.......................... 279

279

280

282

285

291

295

302

303

.................................................................... 309

309

312

317

336

350

365

371

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

fusion of powers

responsible government

2010

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

Roskin et al., 2010: 240

Bundesversammlung
1,244

598
5%

200967

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

separation of powers

Roskin et al., 2010Linz

1994

100435

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

2016
subcommittee10173

1970

1995
36%
200738.3%200847.8%

184
34
71

2011
http://www.house.gov/committees/http://www.senate.gov/
pagelayout/committees/d_three_sections_with_teasers/committees_home.htm

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

Congressional Budget Office

Congressional Accountability OfceCongressional
Research Service

going for public

Maurice Duverger1980(1)
(2)(3)
Duverger

1958
1962

1986

cohabitation19931995

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

19972002
200125

1988
481

37

38

443

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

2008
2007

2008

6
8

49

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

10

2011

Elgie and Griggs, 2000;

Samuels and Shugart, 2010

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

11


1999

2000

200320032010




32

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

12

Disraeli

56

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

13

20002008
party leadershiplegislative
leadership

leadership models

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

14

2008

1958
1997

2000

Single NonTransferable Vote System

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

15

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

16

2005

2262221010

73%

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

17

Duverger, Maurice. 1980. "A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential
Government." European Journal of Political Research 8: 165-87.
Elgie, Robert and Steven Griggs. 2000. French Politics: Debates and
Controversies. London and New York: Routledge.
Linz, Juan J. 1994. "Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does it Make
a Difference?" in Juan J. Linz and Arturo Valenzuela eds. The Failure of
Presidential Democracy: Comparative Perspectives I: 3-87. Baltimore: The
Johns Hopkins University Press.
Roskin, Michael G. et al. 2010. Political Science: an Introduction. 11th edition.
New York: Longman.
Samuels, David, and Matthew Shugart. 2010. Presidents, Prime Ministers and
Political Parties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

2009
473: 27-65
201073
87-122
2003
7251-104
2001/

200372

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

18

1-46
20112008
2011326

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

Panebianco, 1988

2004
2008a

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

20

personal vote

Cain,FerejohnandFiorina,1987;CareyandShugart,
1995

www.wunan.com.tw
(02)2705-5066

.
. , 2011.12
.-
ISBN 978-957-11-6490-8
1. 2. 3.
576.88

100023405

1PZ9

P.Design

106 3 3 9 4
(02)2705-5066(02)2706-6100
http://www.wunan.com.tw
wunanwunan.com.tw
0 1 0 6 8 9 5 3

/6
(04)2223-0891(04)2223-3549
/290
(07)2358-702 (07)2350-236

2 0 1 1 1 2
4 8 0

(02)2705-5066

www.wunan.com.tw