NATIONAAL INSTITUUT VOOR KERNFYSICA EN HOGE-ENERGIEFYSICA

September

1987

N1KHSF-HI87-16

The Spinning

Superparticle

J. Kowalski-Glikman and J.W. van Holten, NIKHEF-H, P.O. box 41882, 1009 DB, Amsterdam The Netherlands S. Aoyama, Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 6380, 7500 Karlsruhe J. Lukierski, Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wroclaw, ul. Cybulskiego 36, Wroclaw, Poland

Abstract
Doubly graded massless supersymmetric particle models with both woi'd-line local and space-time global supersymmetry are considered. We describe the first quantization of the model with four-dimensional space-time and N-1 world-line SUSY. Using th Gupta-Bleuler method we obtain as the super wave-function a pair of D=4 chiral spinor superfiec>> with the onshell spectrum containing scalar and vector multiplets.

aiKMEF&ecfig.H

MsfU 4ift3, loo? bk AMsfER6AM

The

Spinning

Superparticle

We use the Gupt .-Bleulcr quantization, degrees of the first-quantized

which

has been shown to lead to a correct spectrum ol Two and ways string of incorporating spin theory for the superparticlc freedom into reparamctrizalion invariant particle models have been considered. The in the spinning particle or Grassmann local to local variables world-line first way, realized the vector-like The model ((151; for a harmonic superspace treatment see (16)) and we restrict our consideration to D=4. The kinematics of the free spinning coordinates
m A

string, consists in adding to the coordinates X * ( | 1 | - | 4 | ) . invariance reparamclrization (see |1],[4]). This coupled to scalar the NSR

superpart-

icle is described in terms of sets of supcrspacc (X m (-r), 9 (T), A m (x), 0 (r)), where
A m

is extended

(world-sheet) supcrsymmetry dimensional mulliplets; model scalar its supergravity string

X and o are commuting, 0 ana A anticommuling; m and A are vector and spinor indices in D-dimensional flat superspace. As mentioned above we choose D=4, so m = 0, ..., 3; A = 1, .... 4. The Lagrangian of the system reads as

model can be considered as a theory of one counterpart, to

is described muttiplcts

in two dimensions by D coupled superconformal follows , models arc obtained

(supcrstrings) in

supergravity (see [5|, [6|).

Space time supersymmctric

particles)

L =

l2

( ^

o> o v , - A m A

VAmo>

by considering trajectories ( X (T), 8 (x)) (superor (X (T.O), 8 (T,O))

2Y'"(>m - iyAm) + Vy y m 0),

(1)

target supcrspacc [7]-[ 10]. The masslcss supcrparticlc action is determined by the SUSY invar lanl line e l e m e n t 1 . After Gupta-Bleulcr quantis described in ization the superparticle model

where a = /dz a; 0. 9 are the Majorana spinors, V and v arc the cinbein and a one-dimensional gravitino respectively, and

D 4 by ;i chiral supcrfield. The string counter pjrt of the superparticlc was found in [ I I ) .

u> = X

- i y *.

(2)

The In this paper wc consider a doubly-graded model, which can be considered either as the global, SUSY extension of the masslcss space time extension

lagrangian

(1) is invariant

under the

following sets of transformations: (a) local one dimensional supersymmctry with

spinning particle, or the local world line SUSY of the masslcss supcrparticlc. Our model can be treated therefore as a d--2 d= 1 > reduction of a A-2 doubly graded sigma-model with rigid supcrspacc as a target formulated recently under the name of local supcrsymmctrysquared sigma model in |12] and independently by two of us 113], [14|.

parameter c(t)
m 8o> = I(EAm )' - 2ic0y B,

(3a) (3b)
(3c) (3d) (3c)

h\

(o>

- l\l/\

)C + E07 , )E,

0 = -

(8

- v0

SV = 2iLV, V = c. (b, local ing) Siegcl invariancc

(K (T) anlicommul

The first supcrparticle model, presented in |7j docs not provide first-class constraints leading after quantization to the Dirac equation, except after addition of the Wcss-Zumino term, proposed in (10J. which exist for N22.

This expression holds for any D, well as in D 10, t h e last term Majorat) o due to the Pier/ identity

in D 4, vanishes

as for

0 = n
S^V = 4IK,

(9d) (9c) (90 (9.)

(4a) (4b) (4c) (4d)

8 r v = O, ^X = iy ,p\,

iA = 7t
V 0 = 7C ,

s,e" = Op*)*.
/i 2i

ft^ = -

KH.

(4e)
0 = 71*

where p = (to - vA + Vy 0)
(5)

Equation (9a) can be solved for X (9b-g) gives rise to the

v

, the equation constraints. Hamiltoman given

pr. mary

One can e a s i l y ( c ) the new bosonic invariancc with the gom of the system

find

the canonical

using momenta definitions

mutiny

.spinor parameter a (T)

by formulas (9a g) and gets

. , <? m m

V = - 4 V u o , brfi = Opa) - 2o 6 a .

(6a) (6b)

H,

12 Vp

+ iVP m A

- V p m 0 7 0.

(10)

The primary Hamiltonian is then given by H = Hc p"G

+

It plays a similar role in removing degrees

of

+
,

p"Ga

m + x

f.m

In* (11)

freedom from as Siegel invariance in removing dot from 6. In addition from the given commutators more where

-t- S7C

OTt

of the symmetries

above one finds

local symmetries, which, however do not remove any extra degrees of freedom.

Ga = n*a+

iirap0,

(12) (13; (14)

G = re ^-t it jr f l a , (d) Global

A

space-lime

supcrsymmctry

with

para

meter c ^ m is recognized as a standard fcrmionic S,.X

A

second

= icy
A

e,

(7a) (7b)

class constraint and since

ft

= .

The

first

step of

in the

performing spinning the phase

the

canonical

one can always use the Dirac bracket { A , B } D B = {A,BJ + HAAm}nm"<,n,B\ instead of Poisson bracket and put ,m (15) strongl\

quantization model

super-particle space variables. spinor to zero afterwards (e.g. one removes , term from

is to identify

It is convenient notation for 6:

to use

two c o m p o n e n t

"

it

ti

ix m

ft

the (8) momenta

Hamiltonian).

As

a result

one

obtains

the

H - r - -(H a One finds

ap

Hthe

H a ' ) . canonical

Dirac bracket < Am- \ Wc can

)DB

for

= "1 look for secondary

(15.) constraints

corresponding to (1) .11.. = v

(w

now

requiring the bracket of primary constraints with m ~ '^m +

(9b)

the Hamillonian to be weakly zero {nvMp^ - 0 => 'i2 p - p m 7 m 0 = 0, (16) (17) {JI.H J - 0 =>F = p,*y - 0. (18)

= - ' / . / = "?
. i> - *

(9c)

t = *alin"
Using as p J = . One can then check that there are no (19) other (18) one sees that ( 1 6 ) can be rewritten

- O,

(24b)

where in any frame in which pm = (p,, p 0 ) , p m is defined as p m = (p,, - p 0 ) . Observe that from F a = 0, Ca=0, (24a,b) it f o l l o w s that "=0,

constraints, since the brackets of ( 1 2 ) , ( 1 3 ) and (18) with Hp lead only to c o n d i t i o n s on the

Tt =0, which can be made strong equation after applying Dirac bracket procedure. Therefore, - P - *P after quantization, o n e can treat 0 and re as zero operators, in particular the w a v e function - P -P d e p e n d s neither on 7t nor ; and consists only of first class constraints: (23)

Lagrange multipliers p and f.

On the mass-shell (p =0) the set of ( G ^ G a) is half firstand half

constraints class.

second

The first-class part is B = (Tt (20.) (200 Then one can split the full set of 6 ( 1 2 ) , ( 1 3 ) , (20a,b) into t w o complex sets A, = ( G , D ) , A; - (C, D ) . Now, (21) constraints conjugated Thus w e end up with the full set of constraints to be used in Quantization
Tt

0).

(25) first-class

o, / - o,
p A = 0, G a = 0, DQ
TC
V

(26) (27) (28) (29) 0, (30) (31) (32)

- 0, 0.

in the Gupta Bleuler quantization w e only the

If

need to assume that the matrix e l e m e n t of operators physical A. , corresponding vanishes, to A/( the

between matrix

In order to quantize the theory one must replace the Dirac brackets between phase space variables by (i) times an (anti-)commutalor. The co-

states

since

elements of A , then also become zero.

ordinate representation of this The o variable constraints (9d) and (18) can also be written in a two-components Wcyl form and split class into two complex-conjugated constraints: (22a) (22b) The which maximal can be is
< Am' % \ ~ ^ Ky- -i
d

(anti-)commutator

algebra pm~

is
r)

sets of

first

"ax*
d

* ~ 1 3

(33) (34) (35)

- TC ' -

aw
The Dirac brackets (15a) now become equal time a n t i - c o m mutators (36)

set

of

first-class in the

constraints, Gupta Blculcr

employed

quantization

B = (**\ F ^ ^ . o " , c = jr a /").

The gauge transformations generated

(23) This algebra can be realized in two ways: cither by Fa and as a matrix Clifford algebra:

C K can be fixed (sec [17|) by conditions

^m ~' u ^n^AB'

(37)

<P (i

(24a)

in

which

case

the

wave

functions

become

Poincar group for zero mass, since <t>A may be decomposed (* *<*> ' chirality,
n

( c o m p l e x ) 4-spinors * , ; or one uses 2 anlicommuting c-numbers: A,~ ? ( \ + c'>,

into
lne

chiral *a

and
an<

anti-chiral
e

parts

casc

have the same obtained from for

the

particle

spectrum

( 4 4 ) is a m a s s l e s s opposite chirality a

vector *a(z

multiple!, whilst

, 6 ) the

wavefunction To see , 6 )

A , - , ^

(,

",

-,c'), C2), (38)

describes this, note

massless the

scalar

multiplel. on

constraint

(42)

4> a (z

A,-.

'

implies:

v2

rfC wave functions C, are functions of the

A U- = 0,
1 = 1 , 2 , with 4 c o m -

A H

0.

(45)

Then the Grassmann

The constraint ( 2 8 ) b e c o m e s a Dirac equation on the external spinor index:

variables

p o n e n t s [ 1 8 |: , C 7 * , . C Z * 2 c'c?4>l2. arc in 1-1

4H.C') = %

(39)

?a v =0,

^ u<#
fm a

0. ^

(46) with a comanti-sclfdual

These 4 components with the spinor

correspondence in the matrix

Expanding U .= S S ^ + t ^ na plex scalar and

components

complex

representation (37). We c h o o s e to work with the latter one.

antisymmetric tensor, w e find from (45), (46):

da It follows the from the discussion (26), of the (31), above, (32) in that space

y a = 0,

S = constant, H = constant. (47)

3 t __ = 0,

particular the
A

constraints subspacc

Thus v a represents a chiral

fermion, S and H n

physical

Hubert

consists of the spinor valued H ) satisfying a * * = 0. the conditions

functions <S>/t(Xm,

arc auxiliary degrees of freedom, and v~mn is the complex anti-selfdual Am field strength of a

complex vector (40)

~mn

k' and

(48) (48) The

v
<
d

" "r ^ : '

m
,L

(41) satisfying (42) (47). The solutions of (47) arc m a s s l c s s vectors o f one helicity only.

,"

ax"

'

CPT conjugated states are contained in hermitean conjugated super I>(z wavefunction , 6 ) describes (super a bra).

From (41)

Therefore vector (43)

masslcss

*, = * / 1 (x"-ie"o'- 0 X' a )m

mulliplet.

Defining in 0 *

= X

*,m

iO a

. tl m

an0

- a

On the other hand, if w e have a wavefunction and expanding <Pa(z , 8 B ), w e obtain: (49) and

one gets-' V(Z") I U Z " W ' , \ HAaea. (44)

This is a reducible representation o f the super-

^"Vri-o,
'NOII-, lhai II
A*9

Kav*

0.

(50)

- H _ implies II _
Aft
r

II r .
A
a

A*

5 [6) M B . Green, J.H. S c h w a r z and E. Witten,

Writing U n p = W m o ^ be written

the

equation o n U can

Supcrstring Theory, Vol.1, Cambridge University Press, 1987. |7J R. Casalbuoni, N u o v o Cim. 3 5 A (1976) 289. [ 8 ) L. Brink, J.H. S c h w a r z , P h y s . Lett. 1Q0B

with the

solution
Q # = 0.

(1981) (52)

310. A.I. Pashnev, Teor. Mat. Fiz.,

W m = dm*

[ 9 ] D.V. V o l k o v , M

(1980) 321.

Thus 0 ) is

the

particle of a

content

of the stales *(*,> (chiral) scalar

[ 1 0 ] J.A. de Azcarraga, J. Lukierski, Phys. Lett. 1 1 3 B ( 1 9 8 2 ) 170. [ 1 1 ] M B . Green, J.H. Schwarz, Phys. Lett. 1_5_2B (1985) 367.

that

masslcss

multiplct.

Wc conclude that the theory describes N=l scalar and vector multiplcts,

massless which is

[ 1 2 ] R. Brooks, F. M u h a m m e d , S.J. Gates Jr., Nucl. Phys. B 2 6 8 ( 1 9 8 6 ) 5 9 9 ; Class. Quant. Grav. i (1986) 745.

different

from the spectrum of the

supcrparliclc

m o d e l s with simple S U S Y It would be very

analyzed in the past. to identify the

[ 1 3 ] J. Kowalski-Glikman, J.W. van Holten, Nucl. Phys. B 2 8 3 ( 1 9 8 7 ) 305. 180B

interesting

spectrum of and

the spinning the

supcrparliclc in D = 1 0 to spinning super-

[ 1 4 ] J. Kowalski-Glikman, Phys. Lett. (1986) 359.

to e x t e n d model.

analysis

string

[ 1 5 ] A. Frydryszak, Phys. Rev. 3 0 D (1984) 2172.

ACKNOWUZOCJFMlWrs

[ 1 6 ] E . N i s s i m o v , S. Pachewa, S. Salomon, Weizmann Inst. Preprint WIS-87/28/PH. [17]K. Sundemeyer, Constrained Dynamics with to Y a n g - M i l l s theory, General String

J.L. would like to thank prof. Abdus Salam and the International Atomic Energy Agency for the hospitality at ICTP, Trieste.

Application

Relativity, Classical Spin, Dual of the Stichting

For two of us, J.K. and J.W.v.H., this works is part of the FOM. research program

Model, Lecture N o t e s in Physics 169, Springcr-Vcrlag [18]J.O 625. Winnberg, 1982. J. Math. Phys. 18 (1977)

REFERENCES [ 1 ] L. Brink, P. di Vccchia, P. Howe, Nucl. Phys. B l 18 (1977) 76. | 2 | A. Barducci, R. Casalbuoni and L. Lusanna,

N u o v o Cim. 3 5 A (1976) 377. [ 3 ] F.A. Bcrc/.in and M.S. Marinow, Ann. Phys. 1 0 4 ( 1 9 7 7 ) 336. [ 4 ] L. Brink, S. Descr, B. Zummo, P. di Vecchia, 435. [ 5 ] L. Brink, P. Di Vccchia and P. H o w e , Phys. Lett. 6 5 B (1976) 4 7 1 ; S. Descr, B. Zumino, Phys. Lelt. 6 5 B (1976) P. H o w e , Phys. Lett. 6 4 B (1976)

369.