PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS Prof. Elizabeth Aguiling-Pangalangan First Semester, SY 2006-2007 Reference books: Tolentino, Vol.

1, Civil Code and Aguiling-Pangalangan, Teaching the Law on Family Relations (Jurisprudence) COURSE OUTLINE AND SYLLABUS OF READINGS I. Introduction A. Background on Philosophy of the Civil Code *Agabin, The Philosophy of the Civil Code, 66 PLJ 1 (1991) B. Intersection of Modern Constitutional Developments and Traditional Family Law 1. Provisions of the 1987 Constitution Sec. 12, Art. II; Sec. 1, Art. XV; Sec. 2, Art. XV; Sec. 14, Art. II; Sec. 1, Art. III 2. Overview of Due Process and Equal Protection Cases Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438 II. Civil Personality A. Concept and Classes of Persons Arts. 37, 40-47 Cases: Geluz v. CA, 2 SCRA 801 (1961) People v. Tirol, 102 SCRA 558 Joaquin v. Navarro, 93 Phil 257 B. Capacity to Act and Restrictions Thereon 1. Presumption of Capacity Standard Oil Co. v. Arenas, 19 Phil 363 2. Restrictions Arts. 6, 38-39, Civil Code a. Minority RA 6809 i. Effect on Contracts

Arts. 1327, 1390 (1), 1403 (3), 1397, 1399, 1489, 1426-27, 1489, Civil Code Cases: Mercado v. Expiritu, 37 Phil. 215 Bambalan v. Maramba, 51 Phil. 417 Branganza v. Villa Abrille 105 Phil. 456 Shields v. Gross, 58 NY 2d 338 ii. Effect on Marriage Art. 5 and 35, Family Code Moe v. Dinkins, 533 F. Supp. 623 iii. Effect on Crimes Arts. 12, 18-2, 68 RPC b. Insanity i. Effect on Contracts Arts. 1327, 1328, 1399, Civil Code ii. Effect on Crimes Art. 12, RPC Cases: Carillo v. Jaojaco, 46 Phil. 957 U.S. v. Vaquilar, 27 Phil. 88 Dumaguin v. Reynolds, 10 Phil. 306 iii. Effect on Marriage Art. 45 and 47, FC

C. State of being deaf-mute Arts. 1327, 807, 820, Civil Code Cases: People v. Sasota, 52 Phil. 281 Director of Lands v. Abelardo, 54 Phil. 381 D. Prodigality Art 92 (2), Rules of Court Case: Martinez v. Martinez, 1 Phil. 182 E. Civil Interdiction Art. 34, RPC Arts. 54 & 123, Civil Code Arts. 11.2, 13.5, RPC F. Family Relations Arts. 37 & 87, Family Code Arts. 1109 & 1490, Civil Code G. Alienage

Sec. 2, 7, 8, 11, Art. 12 Sec. 4, Art. 14, Sec 11, Art 16, Constitution H. Absence Arts. 390, 391Civil Code Art. 124, FC I. Married Women Art. 2259, Civil Code Rule 3, Sec. 4. Rules of Court III. Marriage A. Definition 1. Nature of Marriage Art. 1, Family Code Sec. 1-4, Art. XV, Constitution ` 2. Breach of Promise to Marry Arts. 19-21, 2176 Civil Code Cases: Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648 Tranjanco v. CA, 18 SCRA 994 De Jesus v. Syquia, 58 Phil. 866 B. Marriage Models 1. Traditional Marriage *Galbraith, "Economics and the Public Purpose" (1973) (photocopy) Case: Graham v. Graham, 33 F. Supp. 936 2. Challenges to the Traditional Marriage Model Chafe, "Looking Backward in Order to Look Forward" (1976) (photocopy) a. The Changing Status of Women Dunn v. Palermo, 522 S.W. 2d 679 b. By Private Contract: When Valid? When Void? In Re Santiago, 70 Phil 66 Selanova v. Mendoza, 64 SCRA 69 C. Requisites of Marriage Arts. 2-3, Family Code

1. Essential Requisites a. Legal Capacity; male and female Vermont Act No. 91 Act of 21 December 2000 amending Book 1 of the Civil Code, concerning the opening up of marriage for persons of the same sex (Act on the Opening up of Marriage) - Netherlands Case: Jones v. Hallahan 501 S.W. 2d 588 Goodridge v. Department of Public Health, 440 Mass. 309 (2003) Baker v. State (98-032); 170 Vt. 194; 744 A.2d 864 b. Consent Freely Given Arts. 4, 45(3) Family Code People v. Santiago 51 Phil 68 Buccat v. Mangonon de Buccat, 72 Phil 19 Eigenmann v. Guerra, 5 C.A. Rep. 836 2. Formal Requisites a. Authority of Solemnizing Officer Arts. 7, 10, 31, 32 Family Code Effect of absence of authority Art 4, 35(2) Art 3, Civil Code Case: Navarro v. Domagtoy 259 SCRA 129 Araes v. Occiano, 380 SCRA 402 b. Marriage License Arts. 9-34 Family Code; PD965(1976) Cases: Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257 Moreno v. Moreno, 246 SCRA 120 People v. Borromeo, 133 SCRA 106 Seguisabal v. Cabrera 106 SCRA 67 c. Ceremony Arts. 3, 6, 8, 28, 29, 22-24 Cases: Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil. 731

Madridejo v. de Leon, 55 Phil. 1 2. Presumption of Marriage Art. 220 Civil Code Section 3 (aa), Rule 131 of the Rules of Court Cases: Trinidad v. CA, 289 SCRA 188 (1998) Vda. de Jacob v. CA, 312 SCRA 772 (1999) Void and Voidable Marriages A. Void Marriages 1. Grounds Art. 4, 35 - 41, 44 Family Code; RA 8533 Arts. 390-391, CC Cases: People v. Mendoza, 95 Phil. 845 Tolentino v. Paras, 122 SCRA 525 Wiegel v. Sempio-Dy, 143 SCRA 499 Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6 Atienza v. Brillantes, 243 SCRA 32 Borja-Manzano v. Sanchez, 354 SCRA 1 Art. 36 (Read annotations in Sempio-Diy, Handbook on The Family Code of the Philippines) Santos v. Bedia-Santos 240 SCRA 20 (1995) Rep. v. Molina, 268 SCRA 198 (1997) Apiag v. Cantero 268 SCRA 47 (1997) Domingo v. CA, 226 SCRA 572 (1993) Choa v. Choa 392 SCRA 198 Tsoi v. CA, 266 SCRA 324 Antonio v. Reyes, G.R. 155880, 10 March 2006 2. Effects of Nullity Arts. 50-54 Case: Ninal v. Badayong, 328 SCRA 122 (2000) B. Voidable Marriages 1. Grounds for Annulment Arts. 45-48, Family Code Art. 344, RPC Cases: Katipunan v. Tenorio, 38 OG 171 Buccat v. Buccat, supra Aquino v. Delizo, 109 Phil 21 Anaya v. Palaroan, 36 SCRA 97

Ruiz v. Atienza, 40 O.G. 1903 Jimenez v. Canizares, 109 Phil. 273 Sarao v. Guevara, 40 O.G. 15 Supp. 263 People v. Santiago 52 Phil. 68 Suntay v. Cojuangco-Suntay, 300 SCRA 760 2. Marriage When One Spouse is Absent Arts. 83, 85(2), 87(2), Civil Code Art. 41-44, Family Code Art. 349, RPC Cases: Jones v. Hortiguela, 64 Phil. 179 3. Effects of pending action/decree Art. 49, 50-54, Family Code Art. 371, Civil Code Art. 369, Civil Code 4. Jurisdiction Taman v. Ortiz, 291 SCRA 584 (1998) Legal Separation A. Grounds Art. 55, Family Code Art. 97, Civil Code Cases: People v. Zapata and Bondoc, 88 Phil. 688 Munoz v. del Barrio, 51 OG 5217 Gandionco v. Penaranda, 155 SCRA 725 US v. McMann 4 Phil. 565 Lapuz Sy v. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177 Dela Cruz v. Dela Cruz, 22 SCRA 333 B. Defenses Art. 56 Cases: People v. Sansano, 58 Phil. 73 Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil 35 Sargent v. Sargent, 114 A. 428 Brown v. Yambao, 102 Phil. 168 Willan v. Willan, 2 A11 E.R. 463 Ginez v. Bugayong, 100 Phil. 620 Matubis v. Praxedes, 109 Phil. 789 C. When to file/try actions

Arts. 57-60 Cases: Ocampo v. Florenciano, supra Contreras v. Macaraig, 33 SCRA 222 Somosa-Ramos v. Vamenta, 46 SCRA 11 D. Effects of Filing of Petition Arts. 61-62, Family Code Cases: De La Vina v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13 Reyes v. Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803 E. Effects of Decree Case: Banez v. Banez (January 23, 2003) Arts. 63, 64 Family Code PD 612, Sec 11 (Insurance Code) 1. Dissolution and liquidation of ACP or CPG Case: La Rue v. La Rue, 304 S.E. 2d 312 2. Custody a. Determining the Best interest of the Child i. Gender and Tender Years Presumption Cases: Ex Parte Devine, 398 So. 2d 686 Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575 Espiritu v. CA, 246 SCRA 362 Celis v. Cafuir, 86 Phil. 554 ii. Parental Unfitness Cases: Feldman v. Feldman, 358 NYS 2d 507 Santos, Sr. v. CA, 242 SCRA 407 b. Role of the Childs Preference Cases: David v. CA, 250 SCRA 82 Perez v. Vasquez (CA) 36 OG 449 Goldstein v. Goldstein, 115 R.1. 152, 341 A. 2d. Laxamana v. Laxamana 388 SCRA 296 c. Presumption for Primary Caretaker Case: Garska v. McCoy, 278 S.E. 2d 357 d. Flip of the Coin

Reading: Moonkin, Child Custody Adjudication Judicial Functions in the Face of Indeterminacy (excerptphotocopy) 3. Other Effects Art. 372, Civil Code Cases: Matute v. Macadalo, 99 Phil 340 Laperal v. Republic, 6 SCRA 357 F. Reconciliation 1. How Done Art. 65 2. Effects Arts. 66-67 G. Divorces 1. Foreign Divorces Art. 15, Civil Code, Art. 26 FC Cases: Van Dorn v. Romillo, 134 SCRA 139 Quita v. Dandan, 300 SCRA 406 Llorente v. CA 345 SCRA 592 Garcia a.k.a Recio v. Recio, 366 SCRA 437 2. Muslim Divorces Code of Muslim Personal Laws Case: Yasin v. Sharia District Ct, 241 SCRA 606 H. De Facto Separation Art. 100, 127, 239, 242, 246, 247 Case: Perez v. Court of Appeals, 255 SCRA 661 Rights and Obligations Between Husband and Wife Readings: *Brown, Emerson, Falk, Freedman, The Equal Rights Amendment: A Constitutional Basis for Equal Rights for Women, 80 Yale L.J. 872; 936-954 (1971) *Rhode, Justice and Gender, Ch. 1 Natural Rights and Natural Roles (1990) A. Cohabitation, mutual love and respect Art. 247, Revised Penal Code Art. 68, Family Code; Art. 34, Civil Code RA 8353 (Anti-Rape Law) RA 9262

Cases: Narag v. Narag, 291 SCRA 451 Goitia v. Campos Rueda, 35 Phil. 252 Warren v. State, 255 Ga. 151, 336 S.E. 2d 221 Thurman v. City of Torrington, 595 F. Supp. 1521 People v. Liberta, 64 NY 2d 152, 485 N.Y.S. 2d 207, 474 NY 2d 567 (1984) B. Fixing the family domicile Art. 69. Cases: Tenchavez v. Escano, 17 SCRA 674 Dadivas v. Villanueva, 54 Phil. 92 Garcia v. Santiago, 53 Phil. 952 Atilano v. Chua Eng Beng, 103 Phil. 255 Del Rosario v. Del Rosario, 46 OG 6122 C. Mutual Help and Support Arts. 68 & 70, FC compared with Art. 11, CC Arts. 199-200, FC Cases: McGuire v. McGuire, 157 Neb 226, 59 N.W. 2d 336 Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil. 453 D. Management of the Household Art. 71, FC compared with Art. 115, CC E. Exercise of profession Art. 73, FC compared with Art. 117, CC RA 7192 (Women in Development and Nation-Building Act) Case: Bradwell v. Illinois, 93 US (16 wall) 130 F. Use of Surname Art. 370, 373, 377, 378 Civil Code; Cases: Silva v. Peralta, 110 Phil 57 Tolentino v. CA, 162 SCRA 66 Yasin v. Sharia District Court, supra G. Relief from Courts Art. 72 Cases: Perez v. Perez, 109 Phil. 657 Arroyo v. Vasquez, 42 Phil. 54

Property Relations Between Spouses A. General Provisions Arts. 74-81, Family Code Case: Collector v. Fisher, 110 Phil. 686 B. Donations 1. Requisites for donations Arts. 82 - 87 Cases: Domalagan v. Bolifer, 33 Phil. 471 Serrano v. Solomon, 105 Phil 998 Solis v. Barroso, 53 Phil. 912 Mateo v. Lagua, 29 SCRA 864 2. Donation propter nuptias of present or future property. 3. Grounds for Revocation of Donation propter nuptias 4. Void Donations Cases: Nazareno v. Birog, 45 OG 11 Supp 268 Matabuena v. Cervantes, 38 SCRA 284 Harding v. Commercial Union, 38Phil. 464 Sumbad v. CA, 308 SCRA 75 C. System of Absolute Community 1. General Provisions Arts. 88-90 2. What Constitutes Community Property Arts. 91-93 3. Charges Upon the ACP Arts. 94-95 4. Ownership and Disposition of the ACP Arts. 96-98 5. Dissolution Arts. 99-101 6. Liquidation of Assets and Liabilities Arts. 102-104 Cases: Onas v. Javillo, 59 Phil. 733 Vda. de Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216 D. Conjugal Partnership of Gains 1. General Provisions Arts. 105 108 2. Exclusive Property Arts. 109 115 Cases: Lim v. Garcia, 7 Phil. 320 Rodriguez v. De la Cruz, 8 Phil. 665 Rosete v. Provincial Sheriff, 96 Phil 560 (1954) Peoples Bank and Trust Co. v. Reg. Of Deeds, 60 Phil. 167 Philippine Sugar Estates v. Poizat, 48 Phil. 536

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Castro v. Miat, 397 SCRA 271 3. CPG a. Presumption that property is conjugal Art. 116 Cases: Jocson v. CA, 170 SCRA 333 Francisco v. CA, 299 SCRA 188 b. Properties that compose the CPG Art. 117 Cases: Zulueta v. Pan Am, 49 SCRA 1 Mendoza v. Reyes, 124 SCRA 154 Villanueva v. TAC, 192 SCRA 21 c. Property purchased by installment Art. 118, FC Cases: Castillo v. Pasco, 11 SCRA 102 Lorenzo v. Nicolas, 91 Phil. 686 d. Rules on improvement Art. 120, FC compared with Art. 158, CC Case: Calimlim-Canullas v. Fortun, 129 SCRA 675 e. Charges upon the CPG Arts. 121-123 Cases: Javier v. Osmena, 34 Phil. 336 Cobb-Perez v. Lantin, 23 SCRA 637 DBP v. Adil, 161 SCRA 307 Cuatico v. Morelos, 61 OG 869 Luzon Surety v. De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111 Ayala Investment v. Ching 286 SCRA 272 Carlos v. Abelardo 380 SCRA 361 f. Administration of the CPG Art. 124-125 Cases: Felipe v. Heirs of Maximo Aldon, 120 SCRA 628 Tinitigan v. Tinitigan, 100 SCRA 619 Guiang v. CA, 291 SCRA 372 Relucio v. Lopez 373 SCRA 578 Jader-Manalo v. Camaisa 374 SCRA 498 g. Dissolution of the CPG Arts. 126-128

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h. Liquidation of Assets and Liabilities Arts. 129-133 Case: Santero v. CFI of Cavite, 153 SCRA 728 E. Separation of Property and Administration of Common Property by one spouse 1. Judicial separation of property for Sufficient Cause Arts. 134-135 Cases: Garcia v. Manzano, 103 Phil. 798 Partosa-Jo v. CA, 216 SCRA 692 Dela Cruz v. Dela Cruz 22 SCRA 333 2. Voluntary Separation of Property Art. 136 Cases: In re: Voluntary Dissolution of Conjugal Partnership of Spouses Bernas, 14 SCRA 327 Lacson v. San Jose, 24 SCRA 837 3. Liquidation and Dissolution of Property Arts. 137-142 4. Sole Administration of Other Spouses Property Art. 142 F. Regime of Separate Property Arts. 143-146 G. Property Regimes of Unions Without Marriage Arts. 147-148 Cases: Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489 Juaniza v. Jose, 89 SCRA 306 Vda. de Consuegra v. GSIS, 37 SCRA 315 Layson v. Oliquino, 47 OG 4216 Maxey v. CA, 129 SCRA 187 Valdes v. RTC 260 SCRA 221 (1998) Nicdao Carino v. Lee Carino, 351 SCRA 127 (2001) THE FAMILY A. Members of a Family i. Nature - Arts. 149-151, CC ii. Support - Arts. 195- 208, CC iii. Funerals - Arts. 305-310, CC Cases:

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Penobscot Area Housing Development Corp. v. City of Brewer, 438 A. 2d. 14 Mendoza v. CA, 19 SCRA 756 Mendez v. Bionson, 80 SCRA 82 Guerrero v. RTC, 229 SCRA 274 Hontiveros v. RTC, 309 SCRA 340 B. The Family Home Arts. 152-162 Cases: Siari Valley Estates v. Lucasan, 109 Phil. 294 Modequillo v. Breva, 185 SCRA 766 Taneo v. CA, 304 SCRA 308 (1999) IX. PATERNITY AND FILIATION A. Legitimate Children 1. Kinds of Filiation Art. 163-164 Cases: Perido v. Perido, 63 SCRA 97 In Re Baby M, 109 N.J. 396, 537 A. 2d 1227 (1988) In Re Adoption of Anonymous, 345 N.Y.S. 2d 430 Liyao, Jr. v. Liyao et al. 378 SCRA 563 Readings: *Wadlington, Artificial Conception: The Challenge for Family Law * Field, "Do New Reproductive Techniques Threaten the Family?" Surrogate Motherhood: The Legal and Human Issues (1988). 2. Impugned Legitimacy Arts. 166-171 Cases: Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil. 165 Jao v. CA, 152 SCRA 359 Macadadang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73 Chua Keng Giap v. TAC, 166 SCRA 451 Cabatbat Lim v. TAC, 166 SCRA 451 Republic v. Labrador, 305 SCRA 438 (1999) Tan v. Trocio, 191 SCRA 764 People v. Tumimpad, 235 SCRA 483 (1994) Benitez-Badua v. CA, 229 SCRA 468 Lumain de Aparicho v. Paraguya 150 SCRA 279 (1987) B. Proof of Filiation 1. How to prove filiation

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Art. 172; Rules 129 & 130, Revised Rules of Court; Art. 220, Civil Code Cases: Constantino v. Mendez, 209 SCRA 18 Mendoza v. Melia, 17 SCRA 788 Lim v. CA, 65 SCRA 160 Heirs of R. Banas v. Heirs of Bibiano Banas, 134 SCRA 260 Uyguangco v. CA, 178 SCRA 684 Mariategui v. CA, 205 SCRA 675 Adriano v. De Jesus, 23 Phil 350 Acebedo v. Arquero (March 11, 2003) 2. Action to Claim legitimacy Art. 173 3. Rights of Legitimate Children Art. 174 Cases: Republic v. CA, Vicencio, 300 SCRA 138 De Asis v. CA, 303 SCRA 176

C. Illegitimate of Filiation 1. Proof of Filiation Art. 175 Cases: Leuterio v. CA, 197 SCRA 369 Uyguangco v. CA, 178 SCRA 684 Rodriguez v. CA, 245 SCRA 150 (1995) Aruego v. CA, 254 SCRA 711 (1996) Jison v. CA, 286 SCRA 495 Alberto v. CA, 232 SCRA 745 2. Rights of Illegitimate Children Art. 176 RA 9255 Cases: David v. CA, 250 SCRA 82 (1995) People v. Namayan, 246 SCRA 646 (1995) Mossesgeld v. CA 300 SCRA 464 (1998) Rep v. Abadilla, 302 SCRA 358 (1999) Gonzales v. CA, 298 SCRA (1998) Republic v. Vicencio 300 SCRA 138 (1998) Gan v. Reyes 382 SCRA 357 Tonog v. CA (Feb. 7, 2002)

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D. Legitimated Children Arts. 177-182 HB 4244 (substituted HB 90) filed 1 July 2004 Cases: De Los Santos v. Luciano, 60 Phil 328 Ramirez v. Gmur, 42 Phil 855 X. ADOPTION RA 8552 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) compared with cited Family Code provisions July 2002 En banc Resolution of the Supreme Court (Rule on Adoption) A. Adoption defined 1. Who may adopt/be adopted Art. 183-187, FC Cases: In re: Adoption of Edwin Villa, 21 SCRA 399 Republic v. CA Bobiles, 205 SCRA 356 Republic v. Toledano & Spouses Clave, 233 SCRA 9 Republic v. Miller, 306 SCRA 183 2. Nature of Adoption Proceedings Cases: Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250 Santos v. Aranzanso, 16 SCRA 344 DSWD v. Belen, 275 SCRA 645 B. Pre-Adoption and Adoption Procedure Arts. 184 and 187 C. Consent Necessary for Adoption Art. 188 Cases: Duncan v. CFI, 69 SCRA 298 Cang v. Clavano, 296 SCRA 128 (1998) D. Effects of Adoption Arts. 189-190, Family Code, Art. 365 Civil Code Cases: Tamargo v. CA, 209 SCRA 518 Sayson v. CA, 205 SCRA 321 Johnston v. Republic, 7 SCRA 1040 Republic v. Wong, 209 SCRA 189 Republic v. CA & Caranto, 255 SCRA 99 Republic v. Hernandez, 253 SCRA 509 E. Rescission Arts. 191-193

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F. Rectification of Simulated Birth G. Inter Country Adoption RA 8043 and its IRR Amended implementing Rules and Regulations on Inter-country Adoption (2004) Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in respect of Inter Country Adoption H. Adoption Issues Readings: *Ziegler, International Adoption in the Best Interest of the Child *Barthlolet, "Family Bonds: Adoption and the Politics of Parenting, Ch. 2, 4, & 8 (photocopy) XI. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PARENTS A. General Provisions Arts. 209-215, FC RA 8972 (Solo Parents Welfare Act) Cases: Dempsey v. RTC, 164 SCRA 384 Santos v. CA, 242 SCRA 407 (1995) B. Substitute and Special Parental Authority Arts. 216-219

Cases: Palisoc v. Brillantes, 41 SCRA 548 Amadora v. CA, 160 SCRA 315 St. Mary's Academy v. Carpitanos, (January 23, 2002) Vancil v. Belmes 358 SCRA 707 (2001) C. Effects of Parental Authority Arts. 220-226 Cases: Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94 Libi v. TAC, 214 SCRA 816 Lindain v. CA, 212 SCRA 725 People v. Silvano, 309 SCRA 362 (1999) D. Suspension or Termination of Parental Authority Arts. 225-233, FC Sec 5-10, 27-28, 31-c, RA 7610 (Anti-Child Abuse Act) Cases: Chua v. Cabangbang, 27 SCRA 791 Abiera v. Orin, 8 Phil. 193

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Cortes v. Castillo, 41 Phil. 466 E. Summary Procedure Arts. 249-252 R.A. 8369 (family Courts Act of 1997)F F. Rights of Parents Cases: Silva v. CA and Gonzales, 275 SCRA 604 London v. BCC (October 10, 2002) XII. Rights and Duties of Children Arts. 356-364, 375-376, Civil Code Art. 129(a), 211, par. 2, 213, 226, Family Code Arts. 3 amd 4, P.D. 603 Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 (US) Cases: Roe v. Doe, 29 NY 2d 188 Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) In Re Edward C. (Sta. Clara County Dept. of Soc. Services v. Edmond C.), 178 Cal. Rptr. 694

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/rsg.persons 2003

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