1

PA R T
I I
C H A P T E R 6
Applications of Integration
Section 6.1
Area of a Region Between Two Curves . . . . . . . . . . 264
Section 6.2
Volume: The Disk Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Section 6.3
Volume: The Shell Method
Section 6.4
Arc Length and Surfaces of Revolution . . . . . . . . . . 282
Section 6.5
Work
Section 6.6
Moments, Centers of Mass, and Centroids . . . . . . . . . 290
Section 6.7
Fluid Pressure and Fluid Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Review Exercises
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
C H A P T E R 6
Section 6.1
Area of a Region Between Two Curves
Solutions to Even-Numbered Exercises
2. A
2x 5 x 2 2x 1 dx
4. A
x 2 x 3 dx
2
2
x 2 4 dx
1

3
8.
x 1 3 x 1 dx
6. A 2
1 x 2 x 2 1 dx
10.
4
x3
x
x
dx
3
3
12.
sec2 x cos x dx
4
7
2
(3, 6)
,2
4
2
5
4
( 4 , 2)
3
x
2
1
(2, 23 )
( 4 , 22 ) (4 , 22 )
(3, 1)
x

8
1
14. f x 2 2 x
16. A
gx 2 x
A1
Matches (a)
1
3
10 x xx 8
2
8

dx
3 2 7
x x 10 dx
8
2
x8 7x4
3
10x
64 112 80 1 7 20 18
y
3
(2, 9)
(0, 2)
(8, 6)
6
1
(4, 0)
4
x
(2, 92 )
(8, 0)
x
2
264
10
Section 6.1
18. The points of intersection are given by
x2
20. The points of intersection are given by:
4x 1 x 1
x 2 4x 2 x 2
x2 3x 0
x3 x 0 when x 0, 3
x2 3x when x 0, 3

A
x2 4x 1 x 1 dx
A
x2 3x dx
2 3
x
3x

3
2
x 2 4x 2 x 2 dx
0
3
f x gx dx

x 2 3x dx
27 9
9

2
2
(3, 5)
(0, 2)
(3, 4)
4
3
2
(0, 1)
x
1

5
22. A
1
1
0 dx
x2
x
5
1
4
5
(1, 1)
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
(5, 0.04)
x
1
24. The points of intersection are given by

3 x 1 x 1

x 1 x 13 x3 3x2 3x 1
3x 2x 0
x3
(2, 1)
(1, 0)
xx2 3x 2 0
xx 2x 1 0 x 0, 1, 2

1
A2
3 x 1 dx
x 1
2 x 4x 1
2
x2
43
12 1 0 43
21
2
x
2
(0, 1)
x3
3 2
x
2
3
0
9
2
265
266
Chapter 6

2y y 2 y
(3, 3)
y y 3 0 when y 0, 3

A
f y g y dy
(0, 0)
2y y 2 y dy
1
1
0
3
3y y 2 dy

32 y
1 3
y
3
3
0
9
2
28. A
f y g y dy
4
16 y 2
3
,3
7
1
2
16 y 2122y dy
16 y 2

1
30. A
0 dy
4
3
0
4 7 1.354
4
dx
2x
(1, 4)

0
4x 4 ln 2 x
(0, 2)
4 4 ln 2
1.227
32. The point of intersection is given by:
x 4 2x 2 2x 2
x 3 2x 1 2x

1
x 2x 2 4 0 when x 0, 2
x 3 1 0 when x 1
A2
f x gx dx
1
2x 2 x 4 2x 2 dx
0
2

A
2
x 3 2x 1 2x dx
x4
x

x 1 dx
4
1
3
Numerical Approximation: 2.0
1
1
4x 2 x 4 dx
2
2
4x3
x5
5
2
0
128
15

10
(2, 8)
(2, 8)
(1, 2)
4
(1, 0)
2
2
1
2
(1, 2)
4
2
(0, 0)
Section 6.1
36. f x x 4 4x 2, gx x 3 4x
g 4
The points of intersection are given by:
x 4 4x 2 x 3 4x
4 3
x 4 x 3 4x 2 4x 0
xx 1x 2x 2 0 when x 2, 0, 1, 2
A
2
3
4
x 3 4x x 4 4x 2 dx
x 4 4x 2 x 3 4x dx
x3 4x x4 4x2 dx
248 37 53 293

30
60 60
30
Numerical Approximation: 8.267 0.617 0.883 9.767

3
38. A
x2
3 ln x 2 1
40. A
( 3, )
(0, 0)
1
6.908
6
44 xx dx 3.434
9
5
3 ln 10
42. A
6x
0 dx
1

1
44. A
cos 2x sin x dx
2
6
43 23 0 3 4 3 1.299
1
sin 2x cos x
2

2
, 1
6 2
2 4 x 4 sec
2 4
x2 4x
2 4
x
x
tan
dx
4
4
4
x
sec

4
4
4
4 2

2
4
1 2 2.1797

( 2 , 1)
(1,
2)
1
x
1
46. From the graph we see that f and g intersect twice at x 0

and x 1.

A
48. A
(0, 1)
2x 1 3 x dx
1 x
3
x2 x
ln 3
1
sin 2x
2
(1, 3)
2 cos x
2 sin x cos 2x 0 dx
gx f x dx
1
2 1
0.180
ln 3
5
4

4
(0, 1)
x
1
(, 1)

0
4
267
268
Chapter 6

5
50. A
4 ln x
0 dx
x
2ln x 2
52. (a) y x e x, y 0, x 0, x 1
(b) A
2ln 5 2 5.181
x e x dx.
No, it cannot be evaluated by hand.
(5, 1.29)
0
(c) 1.2556
y = xe x
(1, 0)
2
1

x
54. Fx
12
1
t 2 dt t3 2t
2
6
x3
2x
6
(b) F4
(a) F0 0
43
56
24
6
3
(c) F6 36 12 48
y
y
y
20
20
20
16
16
16
12
12
12
8
8
4
4
x
1
6
1
56. F y
1
4ex2 dx 8ex2
1
(b) F0 8 8e12 3.1478
30
25
25
20
20
20
15
15
15
10
10
10

2
74 x

6
y = 29 x 12
(4, 6)
y = 25 x + 16
(6, 1)
x
6
(2, 3)
y=x5
10

6
21x
6
4
5
x 16 x 5 dx
2
7
x 21 dx
2
4 x
7x
9
x 12 x 5 dx
2
7
x 7 dx
2
5
x
30
(c) F4 8e2 8e12 54.2602
25
30
8e y2 8e12
(a) F1 0
58. A
7 7 14
x
1
Section 6.1
1
x2 1
60. f x
f x
(0, 1)
2x
x 2 1 2
(1, 21 )
1
2
1
1
At 1, , f 1 .
2
2
Tangent line:
1
4
y= 1x+1
2
x
1
2
1
1
1
x 1 or y x 1
2
2
2
y

1
1
1
x1
1
2
x2
3
2
1
at x 0.
x2 1
The tangent line intersects f x

A
1
f ( x) = 2
x +1
3
4

dx arctan x x4 x
1
0
3
0.0354
4
62. Answers will vary. See page 417.

64. x 3 x on 1, 0
x 3 x on 0, 1
(1, 1)
Both functions symmetric to origin
(0, 0)
1
x 3 x dx
x 3 x dx.
Thus,
1
x 3 x dx 0.
A2
x x 3 dx 2
( 1, 1)
x2 x4
4 1
1
2
66. Proposal 2 is better, since the cummulative deficit (the area under the curve) is less.
68. A 2
9 x dx 2 9x

9b
x2
2
9
0
9 b x dx
12
9
81
9 x b dx
2
9b
81
x2
2
9b
81
2
81
2
9 b9 b
81
2
2 9 bx
9b
b9
9
2
9
2
2.636
( (9 b), b)
(9 b, b)
x
3
3
6
269
270
Chapter 6
n
70. lim
0 i1
4i
4
and x is the same as
n
n
2
4 x i2 x
where xi 2
4 x 2 dx 4x
x3
3
2
2
f ( x) = 4 x 2
3
2
32
.
3
( 2, 0)
3
(2, 0)
x
72.
7.21 0.26t 0.02t 2 7.21 0.1t 0.01t 2 dt
0.01t 2 0.16t dt
0.01t
3
29
billion $ 2.417 billion
12
0.16t 2
2
5
0
74. 5% : P1 893,000 e 0.05t

312 %: P2 893,000 e 0.035t
Difference in profits over 5 years:
893,000e 0.05t 893,000e 0.035t dt 893,000
e0.05 e0.035
0.05t
0.035t 5
0
893,00025.6805 34.0356 20 28.5714

893,0000.2163 $ 193,156
Note: Using a graphing utility you obtain $193,183.
76. The curves intersect at the point where the slope of y2 equals that of y1, 1.
y2 0.08x2 k y2 0.16x 1 x
1
6.25
.16

6.25
(b) Area 2
(a) The value of k is given by
y2 y1 dx
y1 y 2
6.25
2
6.25 0.086.25 2 k
0.08x 2 3.125 x dx
k 3.125.
2
0.08x
3
3.125x
x2
2
6.25
0
26.510417 13.02083
16
2 8
5.908
78. (a) A 6.031 2
(b) V 2A 25.908 11.816 m 3

80. True
(c) 5000V 500011.816 59,082 pounds
Section 6.2
Section 6.2

3

4 x 2 2 dx
4. V
x 4 8x 2 16 dx
9 x2
2 dx
9 x2 dx
5
x5
8x 3
16x
3
x3
3
3
0
256
15
V
x2
8

4
16 y 2
y3
16y
3
4
0
2 dy
16 y 2 dy
128

3
x4
80
2
x5

8
V
4
8
0
y 4 8y 3 16y 2 dy
y5 2y
5
16y 3
3
4x 4 dx
4
1
(c) Rx 8, rx 8 2x 2

32x 2
dx 4
4x 4
8x 2
x4
dx
8 3 1 5
x x
3
5
2
0
896
15
2y
dy
y
y
4 4
dy
2 2
2
2
4y
42 32 y 2
y
3
4
y
8
128
5

8
V
64 64 32x 2 4 x 4 dx
4
(d) R y 2 y2, r y 0
5 2
2
x
V
4x5
2
x
2
y 2 4y 2 dy
22
4482
132.69
15
459 153

15
5
V
16
12 dx
(b) Rx 2x 2, rx 0
y
y2
dy 4y
2
4
2x3
12x
3
12. y 2x 2, y 0, x 2
(a) R y 2, r y y2
22 dx
1282 322

242
80
3
16 2x
2
22
10. V
x2
2
x 22
8. y 16 x 2 x 16 y 2
4 4
22
8 16 x2
18

22
x2
4
6. 2 4
9x
V
271
Volume: The Disk Method
2. V
x
4

0
16
3
272
Chapter 6
14. y 6 2x x 2, y x 6 intersect at 3, 3 and 0, 6.

(a) Rx 6 2x x 2, rx x 6

(b) Rx 6 2x x2 3, rx x 6 3
V
3
V

6 2x x 2 2 x 6 2 dx
3 2x x 2 2 x 3 2 dx
3
0
x 4 4x 3 9x 2 36x dx
3
5 x
1
x 4 3x 3 18x 2
0
3
243
5
x 4 4x 3 3x 2 18x dx
3
5x
1
x 4 x 3 9x 2

2
V
2
x
x3
, rx 0
2
dx
x6
4
x7

28
32 16

3
4 2 4 sec x 2 dx
dx
3
8 sec x sec 2 x dx

128
144

28
7
3
3
2
1
x
1
20. R y 6, r y 6 6 y y
V
2
9
4
9
5
9
y
5
6 2 y 2 dy
36y
y3
3
4
0
368
3
8 ln 2 3 3 27.66
y
3
8 ln 2 3 3 8 ln 1 0 0
(2, 4)
8 ln sec x tan x tan x
108
5
16x
V
16 4x3
x4
18. Rx 4, rx 4 sec x
x3
4
2
3
16. Rx 4
3
2
1
x
1
1
Section 6.2
6
22. R y 6 , r y 0
y

6
V
6
V 2
dy
2
1
y

35
rx 0
x4 x 2 dx
2
36 y 2 ln y
6

0
2
1
1 2 dy
y
y
36
36
24. Rx x4 x 2,

2
6
y
2
6
2
32 2 ln 2

2 ln 6
4x 2 x 4 dx
4x3
x5
5
2
0
128
15
y
13
1
36
2 ln
1213 6 ln 3 241.59
3
3
3
2
1
6
3
4
2
3
3
2
1
x
1
3
, rx 0
x1
26. Rx

8
V
3
x1
28. Rx e x2, rx 0
dx
x 1
2
dx
8
0
e x dx
1
9
x1
e x2 2 dx
9

V

e x
8
4
0
e 4 1 168.38
4
8
3
6
2
4
1
2
x
2
8
2

4
30. V
1
4 x
2
x
56
88
48
3
3
4
0

8
dx
x2
5x 16 dx
4
x3
5x2

16x
12
2
x
x
2
2 4 21 x
dx
y
4
x2
5x 16 dx
4
x3
5x2

16x
12
2
8
4
(4, 2)
1
x
2
2
1
10
273
274
Chapter 6
32. y 9 x 2, y 0, x 2, x 3
y
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
x 9 y

5
V
9 y
2 22 dy
5 y dy
(2, 5)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
y2
2
25
25

2
2
5y
25
34. V
2
5
0
cos x 2 dx 2.4674
36. V
ln x 2 dx 3.2332
x
2
38. V
2 arctan 0.2x 2 dx 15.4115
3
40. A 4
42. V
or
V
Matches (b)
Ax dx
Ay dy
3
4
1
2
1
4
x
1
4
44. (a)
1
2
3
4
(b)
2
2
4
x
r2 2
x dx
h2
r3h x
2
y= r x
h
(h, r)
2
8
x
a < c < b.
r
46. Rx x, rx 0
h
z
4
V
(c)
1
r
2 h 3 r 2h
3h
3
x
h
16
Section 6.2

4
50. (a) V
48. x r 2 y 2 , R y r 2 y 2 , r y 0

V
r 2 y 2
2 dy
r y dy
2
r3
r3
h3
r 2h
3
3
2r3
h3
3
c2
y3
3
r2y
x dx
2 d x
x dx
2x
2 4
0
8
Let 0 < c < 4 and set
x
275
x2
2
c
0
c 2
4.
2
8
c 8 22
r 2h
Thus, when x 22, the solid is divided into two

parts of equal volume.
(b) Set
x dx

2r 3 3r 2h h 3
3
8
(one third of the volume). Then
3
43
c 2 8 2 16
4

, c , c

.
2
3
3
3
3
To find the other value, set

of the volume). Then
x dx
16
(two thirds
3
32
46
d 2 16 2 32

, d , d

.
2
3
3
3
3
The x-values that divide the solid into three parts of equal
volume are x 43 3 and x 46 3.
52. y
2.95,0.1x

11.5
V
2.2x 2 10.9x 22.2, 0 x 11.5

11.5 < x 15
0.1x 3 2.2x 2 10.9x 22.2 2 dx
0.1x 4 2.2x 3 10.9x 2

22.2x
4
3
2
11.5
0
y
8
15
2.95 2 dx
11.5
2.95 2x
15
2
11.5
x
1031.9016 cubic centimeters
12
54. (a) First find where y b intersects the parabola:

b4
x2
4
z
x 2 16 4b 44 b
5
x 24 b

24b
V
4
4
x2
b
4
x2
b
4
dx
24b
b4
x2
4
dx
dx
x4
bx 2
2x 2
b 2 8b 16 dx
16
2
80
2x 3 bx 3

b 2x 8bx 16x
3
6
5
128 32
64
512

b 4b 2 32b 64 4b 2 b
3
3
3
15
x5
64
CONTINUED
4
0
16
276
Chapter 6
54. CONTINUED
(b) graph of Vb 4b 2
64
512
b
3
15
(c) Vb 8b
120
64
643 8
223
0 b
3
8
3
V b 8 > 0 b
8
is a relative minimum.
3
4
0
Minimum Volume is 17.87 for b 2.67
10
56. (a) V
f x 2 dx
Simpsons Rule: b a 10 0 10,

V

n 10

2.1 2 41.9 2 22.1 2 42.35 2 22.6 2 42.85 2 22.9 2 42.7 2 22.45 2 4 2.2 2 2.3 2
3

178.405 186.83 cm 3
3
(b) f x 0.00249x 4 0.0529x 3 0.3314x 2 0.4999x 2.112

6
10
0
10
(c) V
f x 2 dx 186.35 cm 3
1
58. V 1023 30 m3
2
60.
1
1
(b) Ax bh 24 x 2 34 x 2
2
2
y
3
3 4 x 2
V 3
1
1
2
4 x 2 dx
3 4x
x3
3
2
2
Base of Cross Section 24 x 2

(a) Ax b 2 24 x 2
2 4 x2
2 4 x2
V
2
44 x 2 dx
4 4x
3 2
x
3
2
2 4 x2
128
3
2 4 x2
CONTINUED
2 4 x2
323
3
Section 6.2
60. CONTINUED
1
(d) Ax bh
2
1
(c) Ax r 2
2

2
V

4 x 2 2 2 4 x 2
2
2
4 x 2 dx

x3
4x
2
3
2
2
1
24 x 2 4 x 2 4 x 2
2
16
3
V
2
4 x 2 dx 4x
x3
3
2
2
32
3
4 x2
2 4 x2
2 4 x2
62. The cross sections are squares. By symmetry, we can set

up an integral for an eighth of the volume and multiply
by 8.
A y b 2 r 2 y 2
2
y
V8
r 2 y 2 dy
1 3
y
3
8 r2y
r
0
16 3
r
3
64. V

R 2 r 2
R 2 r 2
R 2 r 2
2
R 2 x 2 2 r 2 dx
R
R 2 r 2 x 2 dx
2 R 2 r 2 x
2
R2
r 2 32
x3
3
R 2 r 2
R 2 r 232

3
R2 r 2
4
R 2 r 2 32
3

When a 2: x2 y2 1 represents a circle.
(b) y 1 xa1a
66. (a) When a 1: x y 1 represents a square.
A2
1
1 xa1a dx 4
1 x a1a dx
a=1
To approximate the volume of the solid, form n slices, each of whose area is
approximated by the integral above. Then sum the volumes of these n slices.
a=2
277
278
Chapter 6
Section 6.3
2. px x
4. px x
hx 1 x

hx 8 x 2 4 4 x 2
V 2

x1 x dx
V 2
x4 x 2 dx
x x2 dx 2
2
x2 3
2
x3
1
0

3
2
4x x 3 dx
2 2x 2
6. px x
8. px x
8
hx 4 2x
V 2
1 3
x dx
2

4 6
x

4
10. px x
hx 4 x
1
hx x2
2
V 2
x4
4
V 2
2
0
8
2
4x 2x 2 dx
2
2 2x 2 x 3
3
y
18
x4 2x dx
1
2 2x 2 x 4
4
324

4x x 3 dx
2
0
16
3
15
4
12
9
6
3
1
3
x
1
2
1
x
12. px x
hx

2
sinx x dx

sin x dx 2 cos x
14. p y y p y 0 on 2, 0

h y 4 2 y 2 y

2
y2 y dy
2
3
4
16. p y y
h y 16 y2

y
4
V 2
y16 y2 dy
3
2
1
2
4
2
V 2
sin x
x
V 2
2y y 2 dy
y 2
y3

3
0
2
8

3
2
16y y3 dy
y4
2 8y2
4
4
0
2 128 64 128
x
1
2
3
4
12
Section 6.3
20. px 6 x
18. px 2 x
hx 4x x x 4x 2x
2

hx
x
2 x4x 2x 2 dx
V 2
6 x
x dx
2

V 2
8x 8x 2 2x 3 dx
2
6x 1 2 x 3 2 dx
8
1
2 4x 2 x 3 x 4
3
2
2
0
16
3
2
2 4x3 2 x5 2
5
4
0
192
5
y
4
3
3
2
2
1
x
1
x
22. (a) Disk
(b) Shell

5
V
10
, rx 0
x2
Rx
10
x2
dx
2
1
x3
100
3
20
x
1

x4 dx

5
V 2
100
Rx x, rx 0
10
10
dx
x2
1
dx
x

20 ln x
5
1
20 ln 5
100 1
496
1

3
125
15
(c) Disk
10
x2
Rx 10, rx 10

5
V
102 10
200

100
3x
x
10
x2
dx
2
1904

15
y
24. (a) Disk
(b) Same as part a by symmetry
Rx a 2 3 x 2 3 3 2
(0, a)
rx 0

(0, a)
V
a
(a, 0)
a 2 3 x 2 3 3 dx
(a, 0)
(a, 0)
x
x
2
a 2 3a 4 3x 2 3 3a 2 3x 4 3 x 2 dx
9 4 3 5 3 9 2 3 7 3 1 3
a x a x x
5
7
3
9 3 9 3 1 3
32 a 3
a a a
5
7
3
105
2 a 2x
2 a 3
a
0
(0, a)
279
280
Chapter 6
26. (a)
(b)
(c)
a < c < b
28. 2
2x dx
30. (a)
1
represents the volume of the solid generated by revolving

the region bounded by y x 2, y 0, and x 4 about
the y-axis by using the Shell Method.
10
3
4
1
2
1
4
16 2y dy
2
4 2y dy
2
x
1
4
1
2
represents this same volume by using the Disk Method.
3
4
(b) V 2
x
1 x 3 dx 2.3222
3
2
1
x
1
Disk Method
32. (a)
34. y tan x, y 0, x 0, x
y
4

4
Volume 1
Matches (e)
1
x
1
(b) V 2
2x
dx 19.0162
1 e 1 x
36. Total volume of the hemisphere is 12 43 r 3 23 3 3 18. By the Shell Method, px x, hx
9 x 2.
Find x0 such that

x0
6 2
x
9 x 2 dx
6
x0
9 x21 2 2x dx
2
9 x 2 3 2
3
1
x
x0
0
2
18 9 x 02 3 2
3
9 x 02 3 2 18
x0
9 18 2 3 1.460.
Diameter: 2
9 18 2 3 2.920
3 2 1
1
2
3
Section 6.3
38. V 4
r
R x
r 2 x 2 dx
4 R
4 R
2r 2 23 r
r2 x2 dx 4
r
x
r 2 x 2 dx
r
x 2 3 2
r
r
2 2 r 2R
abn axn dx
xn1
xa
n1
40. (a) Area region
(c) Disk Method:

abn1
a
abn1
V 2
R1n
2a
bn1
n1
xbn xn1 dx
1
n
1
abn1
n1
n1
b2 x
b 2
2a
2a
R2n
n
1
n n 1
(b) lim R1n lim

n
xabn axn dx
n
n1
n

abnb
n1
abn1

b
abn
n2
abn2
n
b
0
b2abn
n
n
bn2
abn2
n2
n2
n n 2
(d) lim R2n lim
lim abnb
n
xn2
n2
n n 2
n n 2 1
lim b2abn
n
(e) As n , the graph approaches the line x 1.
42. (a) V 2
x f x dx
2 40
0 41045 22040 43020 0
34
20
5800 121,475 cubic feet
3
(b) Top line: y 50
1
1
40 50
x 0 x y x 50
20 0
2
2
Bottom line: y 40

20
V 2
0
20
2
2
2
0 40
x 20 2x 20 y 2x 80
40 20
1
x x 50 dx 2
2
21 x

40
40
50x dx 2
x3
25x 2
6
20
0
x 2x 80 dx
20
2x 2 80x dx
20
2
2x 3
40x 2
3
40
20
32,000
2
26,000
3
3
121,475 cubic feet

(Note that Simpsons Rule is exact for this problem.)
281
282
Chapter 6
Section 6.4
Arc Length and Surfaces of Revolution
2. 1, 2 , 7, 10
4. y 2x3
2 3
(a) d 7 1 2 10 2 2 10
y
2
4
x
3
3
(b) y
s
4
3
272 1 9x
3
2
1
43
dx
53 x
7
1
10
3
6. y x2
3 4
2
2
823
2 1 54.929
27
8.
y x1
3, 1, 27

27
s
1
27
x1
32 23 x
1 4
1
x 4
2
2x
s
27

2
14. (a) y
1 x
e ex
2
101 x
2
1
779
3.246
240
dx
(b)
y 2x 1
1 y 2 1 4x 2 4x 1
2
0
L
1
1
e 2 2 3.627
2
e
(b)
y
1
1 x 2
1 y 2 1
y= 1
x+1
2 4x 4x 2 dx
L
1
(c) L 1.132
1
1 x 4
2
(c) L 5.653
1
6x 3
1
,0 x 1
1x
e x ex dx
1 x

e ex
2
1
2
dx
12. (a) y x 2 x 2, 2 x 1
2
1 x
e ex , 0, 2
1 y
2

1 4
1
x 4
2
2x
1 4
1
x 4 dx
2
2x
1
y e x ex , 0, 2
2
1 2
, 1, 2
2x 4
1 y 2 dx
1
y e x ex
2
s
103
2 23
2 28.794
10.
12 x
b
1 3
2
2
3
y
1 y 2
x2
3
x5
1

10 6x 3
dx
1
3
2
1 1
3 dx
3x
y
x2
3 1
dx
x2
3
27
3

2
1 9x dx
s
y 3x1
2, 0, 9
1
dx
1 x 4
Section 6.4
16. (a) y cos x,

x
2
2
y sin x
(b)
(c) 3.820
1 y 2 1 sin 2 x
L
y
1
x
y = cos x
2

2

2
1 sin 2 x dx
18. (a) y ln x, 1 x 5
(b)
(c) L 4.367
2
1
1 y 2 1
1
x2

5
L
1
20. (a) x 36 y 2 , 0 y 3
(b)
dx 1
36 y 2 1
2 2y
dy 2
y 36 x 2, 33 x 6
10
y

1
10
(c) L 3.142 !
36 y 2
3
L
10
1
dx
x2
y2
dy
36 y 2
36 y 2
dy
Alternatively, you can convert to a function of x.

y 36 x 2
y
dy
x

dx
36 x 2
L
33
1 36 x x dx
33
6
36 x 2
dx
Although this integral is undefined at x 0, a graphing utility still gives L 3.142.

4
22.
1 dxd tan x
dx
2
s1
( 4 , 1(
y = tan x
1
Matches (e)
(0, 0)
x
3
8
24. f x x 2 4 2, 0, 4
(a) d 4 0 2 144 16 2 128.062
(b) d 1 0 2 9 16 2 2 1 2 0 9 2 3 2 2 25 0 2 4 3 2 144 25 2
160.151
(c) s
1 4x x 2 4 2 dx 159.087
(d) 160.287
283
284
Chapter 6
26. Let y ln x, 1 x e, y
1
and L1
x
Equivalently, x e y, 0 y 1,

e
1
dx
e y, and L 2
dy
1
dx.
x2
1 e 2y dy
1 e 2x dx.
Numerically, both integrals yield L 2.0035

y 31 10e x
20 ex
20
28.
1
y e x
20 ex
20
2
s
1
2
20
20
1 x
10
1 x
20
e
2 ex
10
e
ex
20
4
2
1 y 2 1
12 e
x
20
ex
20
20
20
dx
e x
20 ex
20 dx 10e x
20 ex
20
20
20
20 e
1
47 ft
e
Thus, there are 10047 4700 square feet of roofing on the barn.
30. y 693.8597 68.7672 cosh 0.0100333x
y 0.6899619478 sinh 0.0100333x
299.2239
s
1 0.6899619478 sinh 0.0100333x 2 dx 1480
299.2239
(Use Simpsons Rule with n 100 or a graphing utility.)

32.
34. y 2x
y 25 x 2
y
1 y 2
x

3
4
3
S 2

1 1x dx
2x
25
dx
25 x 2
5 arcsin
5 arcsin
, 4, 9
4
x
5
8
x 1 3
2
3
3
7.8540
4
3
arcsin
5
5
1
2 5 7.8540 s
4
x 1 dx
5
dx
25 x 2
1
x
25
25 x 2
4
s
y
25 x 2
9
4
8 3
2
10 53
2 171.258
3
Section 6.4
36.
y
x
2
y
1
2
y 2x
S 2
x
2
40.
1 y 2
x1 4x2 dx
54 dx
25 2
x
8
6
0

4
1 4x2 1
2 8x dx
6 1 4x
2 3
2
95
y ln x
y

S 2
3
2
37 1 117.319
6
42. The precalculus formula is the distance formula between

two points. The representative element is
1
x
xi 2 yi 2

y
1 x
xi.
i
x2 1
, 1, e
x2
x x 1 dx
S 2
2
x 2 1 dx 22.943
44. The surface of revolution given by f1 will be larger. rx is larger for f1.
46. y r 2 x 2
y
1 y 2
285
38. y 9 x2, 0, 3
5
1 y 2 , 0, 6
4
48. From Exercise 47 we have:

S 2

2
r
r
r
r
rx
r 2 x 2
r2
2
r dx 2 rx
r
r
x2
dx
4 r2
dx
r 2 x 2
r2
r2 x2
S 2
x
r 2 x 2
2x dx
r 2 x 2
2rr 2 x 2
2r 2
2rr 2
a
0
a2
2r r r 2 a 2
2 rh where h is the height of the zone
y
h
rh
x2 + y2= r2
286
Chapter 6
50. (a) We approximate the volume by summing 6 disks of thickness 3 and circumference Ci equal to the average of the given
circumferences:
6
r
2 3 4 C
6
3
i1
Ci
i1
i1
50 2 65.5 65.5 2 70 70 2 66 66 2 58 58 2 51 51 2 48
2
3
4
3
57.75 2 67.75 2 68 2 62 2 54.5 2 49.5 2
4
3
21813.625 5207.62 cubic inches
4
(b) The lateral surface area of a frustum of a right circular cone is sR r . For the first frustum,
S1 32
65.52 50 250 65.5

2
2 1
2
50 2 65.59 65.52 50
r
s
2 1
2
Adding the six frustums together,

S
50 2 65.59 15.5

2
2 1
2
65.5 2 709 4.5

2
2 1
2
70 2 669 24
66 2 589 28
58 2 519 27
51 2 489 23
2 1
2
2 1
2
2 1
2
2 1
2
224.30 208.96 208.54 202.06 174.41 150.37

1168.64

18
(c) r 0.00401 y 3 0.1416 y 2 1.232 y 7.943
(d) V
r 2 dy 5275.9 cubic inches
20
18
S
2 r y 1 r y 2 dy
1179.5 square inches

1
19
1
52. Individual project, see Exercise 50, 51.
54. (a)
1 x9 , 0 x 3
x2 y2
1
9
4
1 x9
Ellipse: y1 2
y2 2
(b) y 2
1 x9
y 2
2x
1 9
x2
2 1
2
121 x9 2x
9
L

3
1
2x
39 x2
4x2
dx
81 9x2
x2 + y = 1
9 4
4
(c) You cannot evaluate this definite integral, since the integrand is not defined at x 3. Simpsons Rule will not work for the
same reason. Also, the integrand does not have an elementary antiderivative.
56. Essay
Section 6.5
Section 6.5
Work
4. W Fd 92000 2 5280 47,520,000 ft lb
2. W Fd 28004 11,200 ft lb
Work
6. W
Fx dx is the work done by a force F moving an object along a straight line from x a to x b.

8. (a) W
(b) W
10. W
20 dx
10
6 dx 54 ft lbs
5
5 2
x dx
x
4
8
lb
3.33 ft lb
40 in
10x 90 dx 140 20
10
160 ft lbs

(c) W
1 2
x3
x dx
27
81
(d) W
2 32
x
3
x dx
9 ft lbs
2
27 18 ft lbs
3
12. Fx kx
14. Fx kx
800 k70 k
70
W
80
7
70
Fx dx
16
kx dx
kx 2
2
524
W
540x dx 270x 2
16
80
40x 2
x dx
7
7
W2
70
16
0
524
16
15x dx 15x 2
4
0
240 ft lb
cm 280 Nm
28000 n
16. W 7.5
15 k1 k
k
k 540
72
18. W
80,000,000
80,000,000
dx
2
x
x
4000
4.21875 ft lbs
h
4000
80,000,000
20,000
h
lim W 20,000 miton

2.1 1011 ft lb
h
20. Weight on surface of moon: 16 12 2 tons

Weight varies inversely as the square of distance from the center of the moon. Therefore,
Fx
2
k
x2
k
1100 2
k 2.42 10 6
1150
W
1100
2.42 10 6
2.42 10 6
dx
x2
x
1150
1100
2.42 10 6
1
1

1100
1150
95.652 mi ton
1.01 10 9 ft lb
287
288
Chapter 6
22. The bottom half had to be pumped a greater distance then the top half.
24. Volume of disk: 4 y
Weight of disk: 98004 y
Distance the disk of water is moved: y
W
12
y98004 dy 39,200
10
12
y2
10
39,200 22
862,400 newtonmeters
26. Volume of disk:
23 y y
2
Weight of disk: 62.4
y
7
23 y y
2
5
4
3
2
Distance: y
4
(a) W 62.4
9
(b) W
4
62.4
9

y3
28. Volume of each layer:
4
1
dy 62.4 y 4
9
4
y 3 dy
2
0
49 62.4 14 y
110.9 ft lb
y3
3 y y 3 y
3
Distance: 6 y
4 3 2 1
y
4
(2, 3)
3
7210.7 ft lb
Weight of each layer: 55.6y 3 y
W
55.66 yy 3 dy 55.6
18 3y y2 dy
y = 3x 3
55.6 18y
3y2
2
y3 3
3
3252.6 ft lb
30. Volume of layer: V 122254 y 2 y
Weight of layer: W 4224254 y 2 y
Ground
12
level
Distance:
19
y
2

19
25
1008 y
2
4
2.5
y
x
2.5
W
19
2
3
9 6 3
3
25
19
y2
y dy
4
2
4224
2.5
2.5
2.5
dy
2.5
254 y y dy
2
The second integral is zero since the integrand is odd and the limits of integration are symmetric to the origin.
The first integral represents the area of a semicircle of radius 52 . Thus, the work is
W 1008
192 52 12 29,925 ft lb
94,012.16 ft lb.
2
Section 6.5
Work
32. The lower 10 feet of chain are raised 5 feet with a constant force.
W1 3105 150 ft lb
The top 5 feet will be raised with variable force.
Weight of section: 3 y
Distance: 5 y
W2 3
3
5 y dy 5 y 2
2
W W1 W2 150
5
0
75
ft lb
2
75 375

ft lb
2
2
34. The work required to lift the chain is 337.5 ft lb (from Exercise 31). The work required to lift the 500-pound load is
W 50015 7500. The work required to lift the chain with a 100-pound load attached is
W 337.5 7500 7837.5 ft lbs
36. W 3
3
12 2y dy 12 2y 2
4
6
0
3
12 2 108 ft lb
4
38. Work to pull up the ball: W1 50040 20,000 ft lb
40.
p
Work to pull up the cable: force is variable

2500
Weight per section: 1 y
40
k
k 2500
1
Distance: 40 x
W2
k
V
W
1
40 x dx 40 x 2
2
40
2500
dV 2500 ln V
V
3
1
2500 ln 3
2746.53 ft lb
800 ft lb
W W1 W2 20,000 800 20,800 ft lb
42. (a) W FD 80002 16,000 ft lbs
(b) W
20
0 420,000 222,000 415,000 210,000 45000 0
36
24,88.889 ft lb
(c) Fx 16,261.36x 4 85,295.45x 3 157,738.64x 2 104,386.36x 32.4675
25,000
2
0
(d) Fx 0 when x

0.524 feet. F x is a maximum when x
0.524 feet.
(e) W

4
44. W
Fx dx
25,180.5 ft lbs
ex 1
dx
11,494 ft lb
100
2
46. W
1000 sinh x dx
2762.2 ft lb
289
290
Chapter 6
Section 6.6
2. x
Moments, Centers of Mass, and Centroids
73 42 35 86 17

7438
11
4. x
126 14 62 30 118

0
12 1 6 3 11
8. 200x 5505 x (Person on left)
6. The center of mass is translated k units as well.
200x 2750 550x

750x 2750
x 323 feet
10.
101 25 54

0
x
10 2 5
y
12.
x
101 25 50

0
10 2 5
x, y 0, 0
y
15
6 152
2
93
62

15
40.5 27
15
12 6
2
122 61
15
8 152
2
96
64

15
40.5 27
15
12 6
2
123 65
8
6
m2
(5, 5)
m3
( 4, 0)
x, y
64
,
62
27 27
m3
(6, 8)
8
x
m1 4
(1, 1)
m2
( 1, 5)
m1
(2, 3)
x
2
2
2

14.
m
1 1 2
x
2 2

2
x
x, y
4

3
4

5
Mx
3
y

m
4
5

3
My
12x dx 8 x
Mx

1 2
x3
x dx
2
6
1
1 2
x dx
2
2
2
My
3

m
4
2

3
32, 35
dx
40 x
32
4

40
5
( 32 , 35 )
x
1
x3 dx
8x
2
m4
(2, 2)
Section 6.6

1
m
16.
x x dx
Mx
23 x
x x dx

1
0

6
y
1
x2 x3
dx

2 2
3
x
x2

12
0
1
3
4
1
2
Mx
1
6

m
12
2
My
x2
2
x x
y
3
2
( x, y )
1
4
x x x dx
x 3
2 x 2 dx
25 x
5
2
x3
3
1
0

15
x
1
4
My
2
6
x

m
15
5

25 , 12
x, y

9
18. m
23x

3
2

9 x
Mx

2
x2 9
6
13x 1 dx x 31x dx

9
x 1
18
1
1 x1
1
3

x 1 x 1 dx
2
3
2

9
0

1
x x 1 x 1 dx
3

9
81
81
486
5
5
185, 25
y
5
(9, 4)
4
3
(185, 52 )
2
1
2
(0, 1)
x
10
1
3
x x 2
x 31x dx

1
1
x x2 2 x dx
3
9
45
27
27 36
2 2
3
81
45

5
4
My
18
Mx
5
x

;y

m
9
5
m
9
2

2
2
x, y

1
1
1
2

x x3
2 x3
2 x2 2 x x dx
3
3
9
3
2
x2
x3
4

x3
2
2 6
27 3
My
27
9

2
2
1
2
1
x3
2 x2 dx x5
2 x3
3
5
9
9
0
1
2
3
4
291
292
Chapter 6
20.
m 2
3
4 x 2
3 dx 2 4x x 5
3
5
128
5
y
12
By symmetry, My and x 0.

8
Mx 2
4 x 2
3
3
4 x 2
3 dx 16x x 7
3
2
7
8
0
512 5
20
y

7 128
7
20
7
x, y 0 ,

m
2y y 2 dy y 2
y3
3
4
3
2y y 2
4y 3
y5
2y y 2 dy
y4
2
2 3
5
2
0
8
15
( x, y )
1

y 2y y 2 dy
2y 3 y 4

3
4
4
3
25 , 1
m

1
y 2 y 2 dy
y2 2y y3
3 2
1
9
2

2
y 2 y 2
y 2 y 2 dy
2
1
2
1
y 2 2 y 4 dy
y 2 3 y 5

2
3
5
2
1
36
5
My 36 2
8

m
5 9
5
x

1
y y 2 y 2 dy

85 , 12

4
A
Mx
My

1
dx ln x
x
4
1
2
y3 y4

3
4
Mx 9 2
1

m
4 9
2
y
26.
1
2y y 2 y 3 dy y 2
4
1
ln 4
8 2 8
1
1 1
dx

x2
2 x

1
dx x
x
4
1
4
1
3
2
1
9
4
( x, y )
x
1
1
Mx
y
3
My
x, y

24.
Mx 4 3

1
m
3 4
y
x, y
My 8 3
2

x
m
15 4
5
Mx
My
4
4
22.
( x, y )
512

7
Section 6.6

2
28.
A
Mx
2
x 2 4 dx 2
1
2
2
x 2 44 x 2 dx
1 x 5 8x 3

16x
2 5
3
4 x 2 dx 8x
2
1
2
2x 3
3
2
0
16
16 32

3
3
x 4 8x 2 16 dx
2
5
32
64
256
32
3
15
My 0 by symmetry.

4
30. m
xex
2 dx 2.3760
Mx
xex
2

xex
2 dx
2
2
( x, y )
dx 0.7619
x 2ex
1
1
My
x 2ex
2 dx 5.1732
x
My
2.2
m
y
Mx
0.3
m
Therefore, the centroid is 2.2, 0.3.

32. m
2
8
dx 6.2832
x2 4
Mx
1
8
2
2 2 x 4
x
8
dx 32
4
2
1
dx 5.14149
x 2 4 2
Mx
y
0.8
m
x 0 by symmetry. Therefore, the centroid is 0, 0.8.

34.
A bh ac
1
1

A ac
x

y
x, y

c
1 1
ac 2
1

2ac
0
c
y= c x
b
b
ya
c

c
0
dy
( x, y )
y = c (x a )
b
x
(0, 0)
1
1
abc a 2c b a
2ac
2

b
b
ya y
c
c
(a + b, c)
(b, c)
b
y
c
2ab
y a 2 dy
c
1 ab 2
y a 2y
2ac c
1
ac

2
dy

1 y2
c 2
b 2 a , 2c
This is the point of intersection of the diagonals.
c
0
c
2
(a, 0)
293
294
Chapter 6
36. x 0 by symmetry
1
A r2
2
2
1

A r2
y
2 1
r2 2
r
1
x3
2
2 r x
r
3
4r
3
x, y 0,
r
r

1 4r 3
4r

r2 3
3
38.
A
1
3
1 2x x 2 dx
1
3
A

x3
1 2x x 2
3
1 2x x 2 dx
2
2
x, y
3
2
x 2x 2 x 3 dx 3
x 1 2x x 2 dx 3
y3
r 2 x 2 2 dx
1 4x 2 4x 3 x 4 dx
x2 32 x
2
x4
4
1
0
1
4
1 2x x 2 2 dx
3
4
x5
x x3 x4
2
3
5
1
0
7
10
14, 107
40. (a) M y 0 by symmetry

My
b
b
because there is more area above y
2
2
than below.
(b) y >
2n
2n
b
x b x 2n dx 0
because bx x 2n1 is an odd function.
b x2nb x2n
dx
(c) M x
2
2n
b
2n
1 2
x 4n1
b x
2
4n 1
b 2 b 1
2n

(d)
1 2
b x 4n dx
2
2n
b
y
b 1
2n
5
9b
7
13 b
9
17 b
2n
(e) lim y lim
2n
b
n
x 2n1
A
b x 2n dx 2 bx
2n
1
2n
b
2 b
1
3
5b
b 4n1
2n
4n

b 4n1
2n
4n 1
4n 1
2n
2n
n
2n 1
1
b b
4n 1
2
(f) As n , the figure gets narrower.

y
2n
y = x 2n
b 2n1
2n
4n

b 2n1
2n
2n 1
2n 1
Mx
4n b 4n1
2n
4n 1
2n 1

b
A
4n b 24n1
2n
2n 1 4n 1
y=b
x
2n
2n
Section 6.6
295
42. Let f x be the top curve, given by l d. The bottom curve is dx.
x
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
1.93
1.73
1.32
0.50
0.48
0.43
0.33
(a) Area 2
(b) f x 0.1061x 4 0.06126x 2 1.9527
f x dx dx
2
dx 0.02648x 4 0.01497x 2 .4862
2
1.50 4 1.45 21.30 4 .99 0
34
1
13.86 4.62
3

y
(c)
Mx
4.9133

1.068
A
4.59998
x, y 0, 1.068
f x dx
f x dx dx
2
2
2
Mx
f x 2 dx 2 dx
2
3.75 4 3.4945 22.808 4 1.6335 0
34
1
29.878 4.9797
6
y
d
2
Mx 4.9797

1.078
A
4.62
2
0
x, y 0, 1.078
44. Centroids of the given regions:
12, 32, 2, 12, and 72, 1
Area: A 3 2 2 7
x, y
33
2 21
2 21 15
2 15

7
7
14
m1
m3
m2
1
x
1
7
7
287
55
6

, P 0,
8
8
64 2
16
5
4
3
By symmetry, x 0.
y
15
,
25
14 14
7
7
7
46. m1 2 , P1 0,
8
4
16
m2
4
3
31
2 22 27
2 25
2 25

x
7
7
14
y
7
47
16 287
6455
16 16,569 5523

7
4 287
64
6384
2128
x, y 0,
m2
5523
0, 2.595
2128
m1
23
21
x
1
2
3
2
296
Chapter 6
48. Centroids of the given regions: 3, 0 and 1, 0
50. V 2 rA 2 34 24 2
Mass: 8
y0
x
x, y

81 3 8 3

8
8
883 , 0 1.56, 0
52.
A
My
4
2 x 2 dx x 23
2
3
32
3
x2 x 2 dx 2
x x 2 dx
Let u x 2, x u 2, du dx:
My 2
u 2 u du 2
645 323
2
x
5u
u3
2 2u1
2 du 2
(6, 4)
5
2
4
u3
2
3
( x, y )
4
0
x
2
704
15
My 704
15 22

A
32
3
5
rx
22
5
V 2rA 2

294.89
225323 1408
15
54. A planar lamina is a thin flat plate of constant density. The center of mass x, y
is the balancing point on the lamina.
56. Let R be a region in a plane and let L be a line such that L does not intersect the interior
of R. If r is the distance between the centroid of R and L, then the volume V of the solid
of revolution formed by revolving R about L is
V 2rA
where A is the area of R.
58. The centroid of the circle is 1, 0. The distance traveled by the centroid is 2. The arc length of the circle is also 2.
Therefore, S 22 4 2.
y
2
d
x
1
1
2
Section 6.7
Section 6.7
Fluid Pressure and Fluid Force
Fluid Pressure and Fluid Force
2. F PA 62.4516 4992 lb
4. F 62.4h 448 62.4h48

62.4448 11,980.8 lb
6. h y 3 y
8. h y y
L y 24 y 2
4
L y y
3
F 62.4
4
62.4
3
F 62.4
4
3 y y dy
3
62.4
3y y 2 dy
y24 y 2 dy
2
23
4 y
2 32
2
332.8 lb
y3 3
3y 2
4
62.4

3
2
3
374.4 lb
1
x
1
Force is one-third that of Exercise 5.
y
3
2
1
x
2
10. h y y
y
x
4
L y 9 y 2
3
1
1
F 62.4
4
y 9 y 2 dy
3
3
62.4
2
3
3
9 y 2 122y dy
4
62.4
9 y 2 32
9
0
3
748.8 lb
12. hy 1 32 y
1+ 3 2
L1y 2y lower part

L2y 232 y upper part

322
F 29800
19,600
19,600
y2
2
1 32 yy dy
32y
y3 322
3
322

1 32 y32 y dy
32y 18y
9 22 1 92 1

4
4
44,10032 2 Newtons

32
3 2
3 2
2
y3
3
62 1
y
2
32
322
3
3
x
1
297
298
Chapter 6
16. h y y
14. h y 6 y
L y 1
L y 2
F 9800
16 y dy
y
9800 6y
2
0
2 5
43 9 y
F 140.7
171,500 Newtons
3
y2
43 9 y
dy
2
140.74
3
140.73 4 23
9 y
3
9 y 2 2y dy
0
2 32
3
3376.8 lb
y
2
x
3 2 1
4
6
18. h y y
y
1
5
L y 5 y
3

0
F 140.7
140.7
x
1
5
y 5 y dy
3
3
3
20. h y
(5, 3)
0
3
452 15 1055.25 lb
3
y
2
L y 2
12
9 4y
32
F 42
5
5y y2 dy
3
5
5
140.7 y2 y3
2
9
140.7
32
32 y
9 4y
32
dy 63
32
9 4y 2 dy
21
4
32
32
9 4y 2 8y dy
The second integral is zero since it is an odd function and the limits of integration are symmetric to the origin.
3
The first integral is twice the area of a semicircle of radius 2 .
9 4y 2 294 y 2
9
Thus, the force is 63 4 141.75 445.32 lb.
22. (a) F wk r2 62.47 22 1747.2 lbs
(b) F wk r2 62.4532 2808 lbs
24. (a) F wkhb 62.4
112
35 5148 lbs
(b) F wkhb 62.4
175
510 10,608 lbs
Review Exercises for Chapter 6

26. From Exercise 21:
F 64 15
12 753.98 lb
2
28. h y 3 y
30. h y 12 y
Solving y 5x 2 x 2 4 for x, you obtain

x 4y 5 y.
L y 2
L y 2
716 y 2
716 y 2
F 62.4
4y
5y

3
F 62.4 2

y
3 y
dy 546.265 lb
5y
3 y
2124.8
12 y716 y 2 dy
4y
dy
5y
62.47
12 y16 y 2 dy 21373.7 lb
10
8
6
5
4
x
6 4 2
1
x
3 2 1
1
32. Fluid pressure is the force per unit of area exerted by a

fluid over the surface of a body.
34. The left window experiences the greater fluid force

because its centroid is lower.
2. A
1 2
4x
1
x
5
1 2

1
dx
x2
4
4. A
y 2 2y 1 dy
0
1
81
5
y 2 2y 1 dy
y 1 2 dy
( 21 , 4 )
(5, 4)
y 13
3
1
0
1
3
( 5, 251 )
1
6
3
2
(1, 1)
1
1
2
23
21
299
300
Chapter 6

6. A
y 3 y 2 1 dy
1
8. A 2
1
1
2y y 2 y 3
2
3
2
1
2
6
2 csc x dx
2 y y 2 dy
1
2
6
2 2x ln csc x cot x
9
2
2 0
2
3 ln 2 3
23 ln 2 3 1.555
(5, 2)
2
y
3
( 6 , 2 )
x
2
( 56 , 2)
(2, 1)
10. A
5 3
3
12 cos y dy cos y 21 dy
x
2
3
5
6
7 3
5 3
y
sin y

2
5 3
3
y
sin y
2
7 3
5 3

23
3
12. Point of intersection is given by:

x3 x2 4x 3 0 x 0.783.
3 4x x 2 x 3 dx
1
1
3x 2x 2 x 3 x 4
3
4
0.783
0
1.189
( 21 , 73 )
( 21 , 53 )
0.783
A
( 21 , 3 )
2
2 (.7832, .4804)

14. A 2
2x 2 x 4 2x 2 dx
16. y x 1 x y 2 1
0
2
2
4x 2 x 4 dx
y
x1
x 2y 1
2

4
1
2 x3 x5
3
5
2
0
128

8.5333
15
A
10
(2, 8)
x 1
(2, 8)

4
2y 1 y 2 1 dy
23 x 1
x1
dx
2
1
x 1 2
4
3 2
4
y
2
(0, 0)
3
(5, 2)
2
1
x
(1, 0) 2
1
2
5
1
4
3
18. A
2 dx
2 x 1 dx
301
y
5
x y2 1
A
y 2 1 dy
(5, 2)
3 y
1
y
2
0
14
3
(1, 0)
x
2
20. (a) R1t 5.28341.2701t 5.2834 e0.2391t
(b) R2t 10 5.28 e0.2t
15
40
Difference
R1t R2t dt 171.25 billion dollars
10
10
0
22. (a) Shell
(b) Shell
V 2
y 3 dy
4
y
2
2
0

8
V 2
2 yy 2 dy
0
2
2
2y 2 y 3 dy
2
23 y
1
y4
4
2
0
8
3
2
y
1
4
x
1
1
x
1
(c) Disk
(d) Disk
V
y 4 dy
5
y
5
2
0
32
5

V
y 2 1 2 12 dy
0
2
y 4 2y 2 dy
15 y
2
y3
3
2
0
176
15
2
y
1
5
x
1
4
3
2
1
x
1
302
Chapter 6
24. (a) Shell
(b) Disk
V 4
b
x a 2 x 2 dx
a
2 b
a
a 2 x 2 1 22x dx
2 b 2 2
1
a x x3
a2
3
43ab a
x 2 3 2
b2 2
a x 2 dx
a2
V 2
4
a 2b
3
V 2
1
1 x 2
2 arctan x
2
2
x2 + y
=1
a2 b2
(0, b)
(a, 0)
(a, 0)
28. Disk
y
2
x2 + y
=1
a2 b2
(0, b)
4
ab 2
3
26. Disk

dx
V
ex 2 dx
0
1
4 0

e2x dx e 2x
2
1
0
2e 2 2 1 e1
2
2
2
y
3
2
x
1
30. (a) Disk

(b) Shell
V
1
0
1
x 2x 1 dx
u x 1
x u2 1
x3
x4 x3

4
3
dx
x2

12
1
0

dx 2u du
0
V 2
1
x 2x 1 dx
4
u 2 1 2 u 2du
4
u 6 2u 4 u 2 du
4
17 u
2
1
u5 u3
5
3
1
0
32
105

1
1
32. Ax bh 2a 2 x 2 3a 2 x 2
2
2
34.
3 a 2 x 2
3
a
1
x3

6
2x
1
1
y x 2 2
2
2x
V 3
y
303
a 2 x 2 dx 3 a 2x
x3
3
a
a
4a3
1 y 2
12 x

3
s
1
2x 2
1
1
1 2
1
x 2 dx x 3
2
2x
6
2x
3
1
14
3
Since 43 a 3 3 10, we have a 3 53 2. Thus,

a
5 2 3 1.630 meters.
3
2 a 2 x 2
2 a 2 x 2
2 a 2 x 2
36. Since f x tan x has f x sec 2 x, this integral

represents the length of the graph of tan x from x 0 to
x 4. This length is a little over 1 unit. Answers (b).
38. y 2x
y
1
x
1 y 2 1
1 x1

x
x
x x 1 d x 4
S 2
2x
4
40. F kx
3 2
56
3
8
dV 4 gal min 12 gal min

ft3 min

dt
7.481 gal ft3
7.481
50
9
50
x
9
9
W
23x 1
42. We know that
50 k9 k
F
x 1 dx
V r 2h
50
25 2
x dx
x
9
9
225 in
9
0
lb 18.75 ft lb
19 h
dV dh

dt
9 dt

dh
9 dV
9
8

3.064 ft min.
dt
dt
7.481
Depth of water: 3.064t 150
150
49 minutes
3.064
4912 588 gallons pumped
Time to drain well: t
Volume of water pumped in Exercise 41: 391.7 gallons

391.7 588

52
x
x
58852
78
391.7
Work 78 ft ton
304
Chapter 6
44. (a) Weight of section of cable: 4 x

Distance: 200 x
200
W4
200 x dx 2200 x 2
200
0
80,000 ft lb 40 ft ton
(b) Work to move 300 pounds 200 feet vertically: 200300 60,000 ft lb 30 ft ton
Total work work for drawing up the cable work of lifting the load
40 ft ton 30 ft ton 70 ft ton
46.
W
Fx dx
Fx
x 6,
2 9
4 3x 16,

9
W
0 x 9
9 x 12
12
2
x 6 dx
9

32 x
1
x 2 6x
9
34 x 16 dx

16x
12
9
9 54 96 192 54 144 51 ft lbs
48.
A
3
1

A 32
x
1
2x 3 x 2 dx x 2 3x x 3
3
1
3
32
1
x2x 3 x 2 dx
323 12
3
32
1
17
x, y 1,
5
3
1
32
3
3x 2x 2 x 3 dx
1
2x 3 2 x 4 dx
3
4
1

9x 6x 2 x 3 x 5
64
3
5
1
y
3
64
3 3 2 2 3 1 4
x x x
32 2
3
4
1
1
1
9 12x 4x 2 x 4 dx
9
17

5
( x, y )

8
50.
A
5
1

A 16
x
5
16
16
5
y
6
( x, y )
1
x x 2 3 x dx
2
165 12 x
8
4 3
x, y
5 3 8 3 1 3
x x

16 8
6
y
3
1
1
x 2 3 x dx x 5 3 x 2
2
5
4

37 x
1 5
2 16
40
103 , 21

7 3
x
2
2
10

3
1
x 2 dx
4
1 3
x
12
8
0
40
21

1

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PA R T

Area of a Region Between Two Curves . . . . . . . . . . 264

Volume: The Disk Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Volume: The Shell Method

Arc Length and Surfaces of Revolution . . . . . . . . . . 282

Moments, Centers of Mass, and Centroids . . . . . . . . . 290

Fluid Pressure and Fluid Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

Area of a Region Between Two Curves

Solutions to Even-Numbered Exercises

64 112 80 1 7 20 18

Area of a Region Between Two Curves

20. The points of intersection are given by:

24. The points of intersection are given by

26. The points of intersection are given by:

16 y 21 22y dy

34. The points of intersection are given by:

32. The point of intersection is given by:

Numerical Approximation: 2.0

Numerical Approximation: 8.533

Area of a Region Between Two Curves

36. f x x 4 4x 2, gx x 3 4x

The points of intersection are given by:

x 3 4x x 4 4x 2 dx

x3 4x x4 4x2 dx

Numerical Approximation: 8.267 0.617 0.883 9.767

Numerical Approximation: 6.908

46. From the graph we see that f and g intersect twice at x 0

2 sin x cos 2x 0 dx

No, it cannot be evaluated by hand.

(b) F0 8 8e1 2 3.1478

(c) F4 8e2 8e1 2 54.2602

Area of a Region Between Two Curves

The tangent line intersects f x

62. Answers will vary. See page 417.

Both functions symmetric to origin

7.21 0.26t 0.02t 2 7.21 0.1t 0.01t 2 dt

74. 5% : P1 893,000 e 0.05t

893,000e 0.05t 893,000e 0.035t dt 893,000

893,00025.6805 34.0356 20 28.5714

(a) The value of k is given by

78. (a) A 6.031 2 

(b) V 2A 25.908 11.816 m 3

(c) 5000V 500011.816 59,082 pounds

(c) Rx 8, rx 8 2x 2

(b) Rx 2x 2, rx 0

Volume: The Disk Method

Volume: The Disk Method

14. y 6 2x x 2, y x  6 intersect at 3, 3 and 0, 6.

(b) Rx 6 2x x2 3, rx x  6 3

8 ln sec x  tan x tan x

18. Rx 4, rx 4 sec x

24. Rx x4 x 2,

Volume: The Disk Method

28. Rx e x 2, rx 0

2 arctan 0.2x 2 dx  15.4115

Volume: The Disk Method

Let 0 < c < 4 and set

Thus, when x 22, the solid is divided into two

To find the other value, set

2.2x 2  10.9x  22.2, 0 x 11.5

0.1x 3 2.2x 2  10.9x  22.2 2 dx 

0.1x 4 2.2x 3 10.9x 2

64 112 80 1 7 20 18

16 y 2122y dy

36. f x x 4 4x 2, gx x 3 4x

x 3 4x x 4 4x 2 dx

x3 4x x4 4x2 dx

2 sin x cos 2x 0 dx

(b) F0 8 8e12 3.1478

(c) F4 8e2 8e12 54.2602

The tangent line intersects f x

7.21 0.26t 0.02t 2 7.21 0.1t 0.01t 2 dt

74. 5% : P1 893,000 e 0.05t

893,000e 0.05t 893,000e 0.035t dt 893,000

893,00025.6805 34.0356 20 28.5714

78. (a) A 6.031 2

(b) V 2A 25.908 11.816 m 3

(c) 5000V 500011.816 59,082 pounds

14. y 6 2x x 2, y x 6 intersect at 3, 3 and 0, 6.

(b) Rx 6 2x x2 3, rx x 6 3

8 ln sec x tan x tan x

24. Rx x4 x 2,

28. Rx e x2, rx 0

2 arctan 0.2x 2 dx 15.4115

Thus, when x 22, the solid is divided into two

2.2x 2 10.9x 22.2, 0 x 11.5

0.1x 3 2.2x 2 10.9x 22.2 2 dx

1031.9016 cubic centimeters

(b) f x 0.00249x 4 0.0529x 3 0.3314x 2 0.4999x 2.112

Base of Cross Section 24 x 2

66. (a) When a 1: x y 1 represents a square.

14. p y y p y 0 on 2, 0

2 128 64 128

(e) As n , the graph approaches the line x 1.

121,475 cubic feet

(a) d 7 1 2 10 2 2 10

16. (a) y cos x,

20. (a) x 36 y 2 , 0 y 3

1 0.6899619478 sinh 0.0100333x 2 dx 1480

65.52 50 250 65.5

50 2 65.59 65.52 50

50 2 65.59 15.5

65.5 2 709 4.5

70 2 669 24

66 2 589 28

58 2 519 27

51 2 489 23

(c) r 0.00401 y 3 0.1416 y 2 1.232 y 7.943

r 2 dy 5275.9 cubic inches

10x 90 dx 140 20

lim W 20,000 miton

26. Volume of disk:

Weight of disk: 62.4

55.66 yy 3 dy 55.6

Weight of layer: W 4224254 y 2 y