Professional Documents
Culture Documents
the physical models. None of this information is stored on the ActiveProject site, even though the models were digitally photographed. The ActiveProject system was very effective in streamlining communications and eliminating lag time caused by the geographic separation of team members. This is discussed further in the Illustrated Narrative. It is interesting to note that the preferred format for documents to be output on printers or plotters in other offices was PDF. However, the fact that design documentation that is arguably most important from an archivists perspective was not included illustrates the point that design firms must be encouraged to include the long-term archival perspective when planning the management of their digital project documentation.
Computer Use During Design Predominant Way Firm Performs Design Will Be Predominant Way Within 5 Years
100% 100%
100%
100%100%
100% 100%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
Collaboration
0%
Design Exploration
0% 0% 0%
Design Analysis / Validation
0% 0% 0%
Building Systems / Product Selection
0% 0%
Product Comparison / Cost Estimation
0% 0% 0%
Design Generation
0% 0% 0%
Rapid Prototyping
0% 0% 0%
Construction / Fabrication
Data Gathering
Computer Use During Design Predominant Way Firm Performs Design Will Be Predominant Way Within 5 Years
100%
93%
90% 80%
87%
76% 72%
54% 51%
55%
44% 38% 35% 32% 27% 29% 25% 21% 17% 11% 5% 16% 15% 10% 10% 28% 31% 26% 24% 20% 29% 25% 31%
Computer Use During Design Predominant Way Firm Performs Design Will Be Predominant Way Within 5 Years
100%
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Collaboration
0% 0%
Design Exploration
0% 0% 0%
Design Analysis / Validation
0% 0% 0%
Building Systems / Product Selection
0% 0% 0%
Product Comparison / Cost Estimation
0% 0% 0%
Design Generation
0% 0% 0%
Rapid Prototyping
0% 0%
Construction / Fabrication
0%
Data Gathering Documentation Communication / Presentation
Computer Use During Design Predominant Way Firm Performs Design Will Be Predominant Way Within 5 Years
100%
93%
90% 80%
87%
76% 72%
54% 51%
55%
44% 38% 35% 32% 27% 29% 25% 21% 17% 11% 5% 16% 15% 10% 10% 28% 31% 26% 24% 20% 29% 25% 31%
The Department of Architecture of the Art Institute of Chicago is conducting a study to identify and address the emerging need to collect, archive and exhibit digital design data. The study is being conducted by Kristine Fallon Associates, Inc. This study is the first of its kind, and its ground-breaking findings will be presented in 2004 at international architectural and archival conferences. This survey will help the museum plan for incorporating digital design within its future exhibitions, programs and archives. Please take a moment to let us know how you use digital design tools. Many thanks for your cooperation!
Please select the title that best defines your role at your firm:
Sole Practitioner Managing Principal Design Principal CTO / IT Manager / CAD Manager
Please check all the ways your firm uses computers during design Please check if this is the predominant (most frequent) way your firm performs this activity If this is not currently the predominant method of working, check if you believe it will be within the next 5 years
Please indicate which digital design products your firm is using, and in which ways. Check all that apply.
Product Comparison / Cost Estimation
Design Exploration
Design Generation
Rapid Prototyping
Communication / Presentation
Documentation
Data Gathering
3ds Max AccuRender ActiveProject Adobe After Effects Adobe Illustrator Adobe InDesign Adobe Photoshop Alias Power Animator Alias Sketchbook Pro Alias/Wavefront alphagraphics AutoCAD Autodesk Architectural Desktop Autodesk Buzzsaw Autodesk Revit Autodesk VIZ Citadon CW Citadon ProjectNet Eudora formZ Graphisoft ArchiCAD Graphite IrfanView Lightwave 3D Macromedia Flash Maya Media 100 Microsoft Access Microsoft Excel Microsoft PowerPoint MicroStation MicroStation TriForma NuGraf Pro/Engineer QuarkXPress Rhinoceros Others, please list
Please return your survey via email or fax no later than July 15, 2003:
Kristine Fallon Associates, Inc. 312 641 9337 (fax) survey@kfa-inc.com Thank you!
Click on the link above and attach the survey document
Construction / Fabrication
Collaboration
The Department of Architecture of the Art Institute of Chicago is conducting a study to identify and address the emerging need to collect, archive and exhibit digital design data. The study is being conducted by Kristine Fallon Associates, Inc. This study is the first of its kind, and its ground-breaking findings will be presented in 2004 at international architectural and archival conferences. This survey will help the museum plan for incorporating digital design within its future exhibitions, programs and archives. Please take a moment to let us know how you use digital design tools. Many thanks for your cooperation!
Please select the title that best defines your role at your firm:
Project Manager Lead/ Senior Designer Design Team Member Drafter/ CAD Technician
Please check all the ways your firm uses computers during design Please check if this is the predominant (most frequent) way your firm performs this activity If this is not currently the predominant method of working, check if you believe it will be within the next 5 years
Please indicate which digital design products your firm is using, and in which ways. Check all that apply.
Product Comparison / Cost Estimation
Design Exploration
Design Generation
Rapid Prototyping
Communication / Presentation
Documentation
Data Gathering
3ds max AccuRender ActiveProject Adobe After Effects Adobe Illustrator Adobe InDesign Adobe Photoshop Alias Power Animator Alias Sketchbook Pro Alias|wavefront AlphaGraphics AutoCAD Autodesk Architectural Desktop Autodesk Buzzsaw Autodesk Revit Autodesk VIZ Citadon CW Citadon ProjectNet Eudora formZ Graphisoft ArchiCAD Graphite IrfanView Lightwave 3D Macromedia Flash Maya Media 100 Microsoft Access Microsoft Excel Microsoft PowerPoint MicroStation MicroStation TriForma NuGraf Pro/ENGINEER QuarkXPress Rhinoceros Others, please list
Please return your survey via email or fax no later than July 15, 2003:
Kristine Fallon Associates, Inc. 312 641 9337 (fax) survey@kfa-inc.com Thank you!
Click on the link above and attach the survey document
Construction / Fabrication
Collaboration
Location:
Columbus Drive and Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois
Client:
The Art Institute of Chicago
Size:
230,000 gross square feet
Consultants:
InterActive Design, Inc. (Associate Architects) Ove Arup & Partners, London (Structural, Mechanical, Lighting) Lord Cultural Associates, Toronto (Program) Gustafson Guthrie Nichol Ltd. (Landscape) Sebesta Blomberg & Associates (Mechanical Upgrade) Jose DeAvila & Associates (Mechanical Upgrade) Patrick Engineering Associates (Civil, Site Utilities, Railroad, Traffic) Wiss Janney Elstner Associates Inc. (Structural) Morgan Construction Associates (Quantity Surveys, Cost Estimating) W.E. ONeil Construction (Preconstruction Services, Constructibility, Logistics) Dept. of Design & Construction, Art Institute (Owners Representative)
What was the most important digital tool used on the project?
ActiveProject collaboration Web site; digital photography
What image or object was the most important or effective communication medium?
Physical models produced by the Renzo Piano Building Workshop
The initial program for this addition to The Art Institute of Chicago was developed internally at The Art Institute and envisioned only 60,000 square feet of primarily gallery space on the air rights over the railroad tracks. A second part of the program was the revamping of the mechanical systems for the entire campus.
Robert A. Jones
In the program validation phase, after the selection of the Renzo Piano Building Workshop as design architects for the gallery addition, it became clear that building on grade would be much less expensive than developing the air rights and that the program needed to be expanded to better accommodate the educational mission of The Art Institute. In addition, the emerging presence of Millennium Park, with 8,000 parking spaces, suggested a re-orientation of the east side entrance to welcome patrons arriving by car. Lord Cultural Associates of Toronto were engaged to develop the expanded program, which was validated with the user groups by InterActive Design, Inc. The revised program includes 53,000 square feet of new galleries, a major new education center, a new garden and sidewalk caf, plus below grade storage and other back-of-house space.
RPBW
This program, as realized by the Renzo Piano Building Workshop, will add a 21st century presence on Monroe to a museum known for its Beaux Arts Michigan Avenue faade. The addition will transform internal circulation, reorient the east side entrance and provide natural light and greater transparency, with views out to Millennium Park and the Chicago skyline.
The full design team for the 230,000 square foot major addition is geographically dispersed. The Renzo Piano Building Workshop in Paris (design architects) works continuously with the London-based structural and building systems consultant, Ove Arup & Partners, from the earliest conceptual design phase to fully integrate building systems. Also, the Renzo Piano Building Workshop does not hand off design to the associate architects (InterActive Design, Inc. of Chicago), but requires ongoing collaboration on issues of code compliance, local construction methods and so forth. The landscape consultant is based in Seattle. Considering how to handle project communications, the Project Director from The Art Institutes Department of Design & Construction pursued a Webbased production control system. The product chosen was Framework Technologies ActiveProject. This is deployed on a server managed by InterActive Design, Inc. and is accessible to project participants worldwide via the Internet.
Because there is a seven-hour time difference between Paris and Chicago, this system allows the associate architects to review drawings posted by the design architects and return markups and comments before the next days start of business in Paris. The Art Institute required all participants to use AutoCAD for documentation in order to facilitate data sharing.
Robert A. Jones
The Web-based system is not used for design decision-making, however. Several times a year there is a workshop in either Chicago or Paris. This brings together the owner, the design architects and the appropriate consultants. These are typically two-day, intensive workshops followed by a third day, which is a wrap up of the discussions, the decisions and the direction going forward. This conversation continues subsequently via the Web site.
At the end of every workshop Pianos office produces a book that documents the output of the workshop. This is primarily graphic documentation. These drawings are not shared on the Web site. Each consultant attending produces additional documentation.
Robert A. Jones
RPBW
The office has a master carpenter on staff for this purpose. Approximately 300 models were produced during the schematic design and design development phases of this project. Once design issues are worked out in model, they are documented in CAD.
During design development, full-scale mockups were constructed, especially of the gallery space and the flying carpet roof to visualize how much light would enter the space.
ARUP
There were also computer simulations performed to understand solar penetration through the light-diffusing lattice. In this animation the viewers eye follows the path of the sun. If the viewer can see through the lattice, then the sun is directly penetrating into the gallery. Click image above to play animation.
Robert A. Jones
The design development set comprised 250 drawings, but the primary materials used for the presentation were models.
Robert A. Jones
Some model components were produced by laser cutters working from CAD data. An example is this model of the flying carpet light diffusing lattice.
With the exception of the books documenting the design workshops and photographs of models, the Web site serves as a shared project main file. Documents managed include meeting minutes, requests for information, reports, comments, drawings, cost estimates and program information. There is a separately tabbed section for documents related to each major project milestone. The PDF format is used extensively. Instead of faxing information, it is captured in PDF format and transmitted via the Web site. This reduces telecommunications costs. PDF was chosen because it was more universal than TIFF.
RPBW
The team also plots drawings to PDF format. Any large format or color AutoCAD drawings create output problems otherwise. The Renzo Piano Workshop maintains an archive warehouse in Italy, where they store models and other project documentation.
WHO
Internal / external participants in the process
WHAT
Design activity (process) or decision
HOW
What tools - digital or other - are used
OUTPUT
Manifestation / communication medium - digital or physical
Create program
Owner
Mass models
Program validation
Design Architect Owner
Study program
Revise program
Program
Consultant
Sketches
Study models
Schematic Design
AutoCAD drawings
Review comments
Scan to PDF
Book of drawings
Workshop
WHO
Internal / external participants in the process
WHAT
Design activity (process) or decision
HOW
What tools - digital or other - are used
OUTPUT
Manifestation / communication medium - digital or physical
Models
Drawings
Owner
Book
Study models
Design Development
Simulations / renderings
Engineering analyses
Fullscale mockups
Design Development
Review comments
Plot to PDF
AutoCAD drawings
Book of drawings
Workshop
Owner
Models
Approve
Drawings
Owner
Construction Documents
Book
Computing Environment
Firm, office location: InterActive Design, Inc., Chicago, Illinois Definition of Terms Data Gathering Documentation Communication / Presentation Collaboration
Design Exploration Design Analysis / Validation Building Systems / Product Selection Product Comparison / Cost Estimation Design Generation Rapid Prototyping Construction / Fabrication
Digital tools used to collect information that informs the design process: site survey, program, etc. Classic CAD using computers to create drawings in the manual tradition (plans, sections, elevations) Using more advanced computer graphics tools to improve ability to show the design concept: rendering, image montage, animation Using special-purpose applications (not email) to share information and manage shared work processes with remotely located team members or clients Developing a design concept on-screen: the software replaces or adds to traditional tools, such as physical model-making Quantitative analysis, excluding cost; from computer-generated solar penetration or shadow studies to engineering analysis Automated selection of products and components; not operator selection from electronic catalogs Automated generation of cost estimates from computer model of building; ability to substitute products or assemblies and compare results Using automated techniques to generate design or configure products / systems Data from computer model drives prototyping device Using design data to fabricate building components (full-scale) or to generate a list of specific manufactured components or products; using robotics in construction
General Product / Version Microsoft Outlook Microsoft Office Professional Edition Microsoft Windows 2000, XP Professional Primary Design Tools Product / Version ActiveProject, Version 10 Adobe Acrobat 6.0 Professional Adobe Photoshop 7.0
Use (see above) Collaboration Documentation Documentation Communication / Presentation Design Exploration Documentation Communication / Presentation Design Exploration Documentation Documentation Documentation Communication / Presentation Design Exploration
Flow and Aggregating Tools (translators, etc) Product / Version Adobe Acrobat 6.0 Professional Custom Applications Purpose
Internal Development?