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ISSN 2231-4288
PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY IN BANKING BANK OF BARODA VS ING VYSYA BANK MR. HARSH ANAND
Assignments in Strategic Planning, Operations Management, Business Development with leading organisations in the Banking / Financial Services sectors Research Scholar, MMH College, Ghaziabad
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to compare the productivity and profitability of Public Sector Banks with that of Private Sector Banks. There is a general notion that staffs of private sector banks perform better than the staff of public sector banks and this study has been conducted to compare the business per employee and profit per employee to the two groups. The study has been done through the comparison of 5 years profit and loss and balance sheet of two banks and A Profile of Banks 2009-10' released by the RBI, Analysis of profit per employee and business per employee showed that Bank of Baroda is doing better than ING Vysya bank and this is mainly because of two reasons; first being the computerisation and the second being the entry of Bank of Baroda in retail loans and SME loans. The retail and SME loans on the one side increase the margins and on the other side are helpful in controlling the NPAs. The public sector banks understand the Indian market better than the private banks. They have a nationwide presence and can follow local sentiments, the general public has greater confidence in the public sector banks. Lastly and more significantly the public sector banks have been able to adapt well post liberalization. They have reduced their work force, outsourced where ever economical and computerize all the banking functions, now even the smallest public sector bank offers ATM/debit cards, RTGS fund transfer, internet banking, telephone banking etc. The staff in public sector banks is now motivated and they realise the importance of a good performance whereas the private bank staff is generally offered contractual employment and therefore, they lack the sense of belongingness with their
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organization, which is generally seen in public sector banks. The DSA (Direct Sales Agent) culture in private sector banks is also tarnishing their image Bank of Baroda is doing quite well and it seems that in coming years also it will be proving itself as the strong pillars of Indian economy. To compare the productivity and profitability of ING Vysya Bank Ltd with Bank of Baroda, their Balance Sheets and Profit Loss Accounts for the last five years have been compared. The study has been done on basis of Ratio Analysis. In financial analysis, ratios are generally used as benchmarks for evaluating a firms position or performance. The absolute values may not provide us meaningful values until and unless they are related to some other relevant information. Ratios represent the relationship between two or more variables. Ratios help to summarize large data to draw qualitative judgments about the firms performance. The common denominator used for developing the various profitability ratios is business volume (deposits + investments + advances). The banks generally calculate spread ratio as % of total assets. The total assets are accounting (Balance sheet) figures, which are based on historical costs and hence are not very suitable to evaluate the current performance of the banks. In order to have a suitable indicator for evaluating current bank performance we are using the volume of business (Advances + Investments + Deposits) in the denominator. It is like using Gross profit ratio (Gross profit / sales) as a substitute for Return on Total Asset (Profit / Total asset) as an indicator of the profitability of a business organisation. The following ratios are being used for measuring the profitability of the banks: 1. 2. 3. 4. Interest earned ratio (R)= Total interest earned / Volume of business Interest paid ratio (P)= Total interest paid / Volume of business Non-interest income ratio (N)= Other Incomes / Volume of business Other operating expenses ratio (O)= Operating expenses / Volume of business
The following equations have been derived from the above ratios: 1. Spread Ratio (S)= Interest earned ratio Interest paid ratio (R-P) 2. Burden Ratio (B)= Other operating expenses ratio Non-interest income ratio(O-N) The profitability ratio is being worked out as follows: Profitability ratio = Spread Ratio Burden Ratio
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Items Interest earned ratio Interest paid ratio Non-intrest income ratio Other operating expenses ratio Spread Ratio Burden Ratio Profitability Ratio
ISSN 2231-4288
R P N O R-P O-N
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 0.037363 0.03698 0.039039 0.038886 0.034987 0.020537 0.022289 0.026112 0.025685 0.022543 0.005973 0.005676 0.006778 0.007106 0.005879 0.01264 0.010448 0.010027 0.009214 0.007985 0.016827 0.014691 0.012927 0.013201 0.012444 0.006667 0.004772 0.003249 0.002109 0.002106 0.01016 0.009919 0.009678 0.011093 0.010338
The following ratios have been calculated for ING Vysya bank Items Interest earned ratio Interest paid ratio Non-intrest income ratio Other operating expenses ratio Spread Ratio Burden Ratio Profitability Ratio R P N O R-P O-N 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 0.043738 0.039721 0.04059 0.042959 0.040715 0.026522 0.025749 0.028552 0.0305 0.025581 0.004975 0.008959 0.01011 0.010504 0.011305 0.018576 0.015819 0.014722 0.014815 0.014732 0.017216 0.013971 0.012038 0.012459 0.015134 0.013601 0.00686 0.004612 0.004312 0.003428 0.003615 0.007111 0.007427 0.008148 0.011706
COMPARISON OF PROFITABILITY OF THE TWO BANKS AS PER THESE RATIOS Items ING Vysya Bank Bank of Baroda 2005-06 0.003615 0.01016 2006-07 0.007111 0.009919 2007-08 0.007427 0.009678 2008-09 0.008148 0.011093 2009-10 0.011706 0.010338
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0.014 0.012 0.01 0.008
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ING Vysya Bank 0.006 0.004 0.002 0 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Bank of Baroda
Profitability ratio which is spread ratio minus burden ratio has remained at around 1% for Bank of Baroda during the full study period but in case of ING Vysya Bank it has increased from 0.3% to 1.1%. Productivity is being measured in terms of the outputs (like Business, Deposits, Advances) per input (employee / branch) The following ratios are being used for measuring productivity: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Deposit per employee = Total Deposit / Total Staff Advances per employee Ratio = Total Advances / Total Staff Total Business per employee = Total Business / Total Staff Deposit per Branch = Total Deposits / No. of Branches Advances per Branch = Total Advances / No. of Branches Total Business per Branch = Total Business / No. of Branches
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The following ratios have been calculated for Bank of Baroda Items Deposit per employee Advances per employee Total Business per employee Deposits per employee Advances per Branch Total Business per Branch 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2.415588 3.23583 4.080358 5.279829 6.186961 1.545159 2.166123 2.863696 3.931147 4.492685 3.960747 5.401953 6.944054 9.210976 10.67965 33.72776 44.42248 53.43906 65.97975 78.05829 21.57436 29.7372 37.50486 49.12586 56.68232 55.30212 74.15967 90.94392 115.1056 134.7406
The following ratios have been calculated for ING Vysya Bank Items Deposit per employee Advances per employee Total Business per employee Deposits per employee Advances per Branch Total Business per Branch 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2.733702 2.987021 3.583387 4.08955 4.231147 2.097581 2.320031 2.566045 2.753204 3.027482 4.831283 5.307052 6.149431 6.842754 7.258629 34.36856 37.33414 48.59277 52.95532 52.4645 26.37113 28.99758 34.79703 35.65106 37.53955 60.73969 66.33172 83.3898 88.60638 90.00406
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
4.08955 4.231147
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7 6 5 4
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ING Vysya Bank 3 2 1 0 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 Bank of Baroda
Deposits per employee in case of ING Vysya Bank have increased by 54.77% whereas in case of Bank of Baroda they have increased by 156.12%. In the year 2005-06 deposit per employee of ING Vysya were more than Bank of Baroda but during the -5- years period of study the picture has totally reversed.
2. ADVANCES PER EMPLOYEE 2005-06 ING Vysya Bank Bank of Baroda 2.097581 1.545159 2006-07 2.320031 2.166123 2007-08 2.566045 2.863696 2008-09 2.753204 2009-10 3.027482
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5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2005-06
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2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Advances per employee in case of ING Vysya Bank have increased by 44.33 % whereas in case of Bank of Baroda they have increased by 190.75%. In the year 2005-06 the advances per employee were higher in case of ING Vysya Bank but in the year 2009-10 the advances per employee of Bank of Baroda are approximately 1.5 times those of ING Vysya Bank. 3. TOTAL BUSINESS PER EMPLOYEE
2007-08 6.149431
2008-09 6.842754
2009-10 7.258629
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12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2005-06
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2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
The total business per employee of ING Vysya Bank in the year 2005-06 was 4.83 crores and it rose to 7.25 crores in the year 2009-10 whereas in case of Bank of Baroda, the total business per employee in the year 2005-06 was 3.96 cores and it rose to 10.67 cores in the year 2009-10. The rise in case of ING Vysya Bank was 50.24% whereas the rise in case of Bank of Baroda during these -5- years 169.63%, which again shows that the total business per employee has risen much more in case of Bank of Baroda than in ING Vysya Bank. 4. DEPOSITS PER BRANCH 2005-06 ING Vysya Bank Bank of Baroda 34.36856 33.72776 2006-07 37.33414 44.42248 2007-08 48.59277 2008-09 52.95532 2009-10 52.4645
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90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005-06
ISSN 2231-4288
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Deposits per Branch of ING Vysya during the year 2005-06 were 34.36 crores whereas those of Bank of Baroda were 33.72 cores, which shows that ING Vysya had better productivity but in these -5- years the deposit per branch of ING Vysya grew by 52.65% to Rs.52.46 cores whereas those of Bank of Baroda rose by 131.43% to Rs.42.33 crores. This shows that now Bank of Baroda is more productive than ING Vysya Bank. 5. ADVANCES PER BRANCH 2005-06 ING Vysya Bank Bank of Baroda 26.37113 21.57436 2006-07 28.99758 29.7372 2007-08 34.79703 2008-09 35.65106 2009-10 37.53955
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60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005-06
ISSN 2231-4288
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
Advances per Branch of ING Vysya Bank in the year 2005-06 were 26.37 crores where those of Bank of Baroda were 21.57 crores which showed that per branch productivity of ING Vysya Bank was better. In the year 2009-10 the Advances per Branch of ING Vysya are Rs.37.53 crores and that of Bank of Baroda are Rs.56.68 crores, this shows that Advances per Branch of ING Vysya Bank has grown by 42.35 % whereas those of Bank of Baroda have grown by 162.73%. 6. TOTAL BUSINESS PER BRANCH
2007-08 83.3898
2008-09 88.60638
2009-10 90.00406
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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2005-06
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2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
(Amount in rupees crore) Absolute Change % Change 29.26437 79.43848 48.17 143.64
Total business per branch of ING Vysya Bank was more than that of Bank of Baroda during 2005-06 but year by year the position of Bank of Baroda is improving faster than that of ING Vysya. During the -5- years period of study the total business per branch of Bank of Baroda has increased by 143.64% whereas that of ING Vysya Bank has increased by only 48.17%. CONCLUSION The Bank of Baroda is doing quite well and it seems that in coming years also is will be proving itself to be the strong pillars of Indian economy. The findings in this paper show that the fast growth in productivity and profitability of Bank of Baroda Vs ING Vysya Bank can be summed us as follows 1. The entry of Bank of Baroda in retail loans and SME loans has probably been the main reason for increase in their profit margins and business per employee. The retail and SME loans on the one side increase the margins and on the other side are helpful in controlling the NPAs. 2. The general public has greater confidence in the public sector banks. There is also a greater level of comfort which private banks have yet to gain.
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3. Lastly and more significantly the public sector banks have been able to adapt well post liberalization. They have reduced their work force, outsourced where ever economical and computerize all the banking functions. Now even the smallest public sector banks offer ATM/debit cards, RTGS fund transfer, internet banking, telephone banking etc. The staff is now motivated and they realise the importance of a good performance. The interest rates on term deposits are comparable with the private banks. The staff is offered not just a job but a career. 4. The private bank staff is generally offered contractual employment and therefore, they lack the sense of belongingness with their organization, which is generally seen in public sector banks. The DSA (Direct Sales Agent) culture in private sector banks is also tarnishing their image. COMPARISON OF THE LAST FIVE YEARS BALANCE SHEET OF ING VYSYA BANK AND BANK OF BARODA
ING Vysya Bank Bank Of Baroda
Balance Sheet
-- in Rs. Cr. --
Balance Sheet
-- in Rs. Cr. --
Mar '06
Mar '07
Mar '08
Mar '09
Mar '10
Mar '06
Mar '07
Mar '08
Mar '09
Mar '10
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
Capital and Liabilities: Total Share Capital Equity Share Capital Share Application Money Preference Share Capital
90.72
90.90
102.47
102.60
119.97
365.53
365.53
365.53
365.53
365.53
90.72
90.90
102.47
102.60
119.97
365.53
365.53
365.53
365.53
365.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.47
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
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Reserves Revaluation Reserves Net Worth Deposits Borrowings Total Debt Other Liabilities & Provisions Total Liabilitie 817 901
ISSN 2231-4288
10,678 12,470 14,740
111.54
110.78
109.52
108.77
108.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2,330 Net Worth 25,865 Deposits 3,673 Borrowings 29,536 Total Debt Other 2,012 Liabilities & Provisions Total Liabilities
1,304
1,920
2,256
3,111
7,083
8,437
12,594
16,538
8,815
16,766
19,286
25,539
31,856
33,880
113,392
143,146
179,599
227,406
278,316
Mar '06
Mar '07
Mar '08
Mar '09
Mar '10
Mar '06
Mar '07
Mar '08
Mar '09
Mar '10
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
12 mths
Assets Cash & Balances with RBI Balance with Banks, Money at Call Advances Investmen Gross Block Accumulated Depreciation Net Block
Assets Cash & 2,329 Balances with RBI Balance with Banks, 697.46 Money at Call 18,507 Advances 10,472 Investmen 773 Gross Block Accumulated Depreciation
841.65
945.81
2,263
1,791
3,333
6,413
9,369
10,596
13,539
281.68
645.89
921.23
491.23
10,121
11,866
12,929
13,490
21,927
383
394
429
468
485
952
1,155
1,360
1,644
1,981
293.21 112.20
286.73 109.24
277.51 121.70
285.32 151.88
920 0.00
1,088 0.00
2,427 0.00
2,309 0.00
2,284 0.00
Capital
Capital
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Work In Progress Other Assets Total Assets Contingent Liabilities Bills for collection Book Value (Rs) 634 16,766 794 19,286
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4,301 179,599
4,578 227,406
4,347 278,316
72,851.44
2,850.1
3,033.3
3,096.6
4,303.0
4,570.4
10,407.
12,976.
15,105.
22,584. 27,949.60
100.10
109.18
139.17
154.93
185.04
215.35
237.46
303.18
352.37
414.71
COMPARISON OF THE PROFIT LOSS ACCOUNT OF LAST 5 YEARS OF ING VYSYA BANK AND BANK OF BARODA
ING Vysya Bank Bank Of Baroda
Private Sector
Public Sector
-- in Rs. Cr. --
-- in Rs. Cr. --
Mar '06 Mar '07 Mar '08 Mar '09 Mar '10 12 mths Income Interest Earned Other Income Total Income Expenditure 1,222.43 1,401.38 1,680.44 2,239.89 2,232.89 190.31 248.57 418.57 547.67 620.22 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths Income Interest Earned Other Income Total Income Expenditure
7,100.00 1,191.69
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Interest expended Employee Cost Selling and Admin Expenses Depreciation Miscellaneous Expenses 741.25 234.19
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5,426.56 1,644.06 7,901.67 1,803.76 9,968.17 2,348.13 10,758.86 2,350.88
161.58
170.16
140.70
231.68
374.15
714.77
646.25
927.20
885.24
1,627.56
37.20
37.98
38.93
40.82
40.96
Depreciation
111.1
194.28
232.00
230.50
230.86
229.47
255.10
279.99
343.78
363.87
1,016.85
1,656.81
1,564.36
2,189.99
1,478.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 Operating Expenses Provisions & Contingencies 2,724.77 2,771.45 3,370.27 3,844.66 4,711.23
Operating Expenses
641.77
1,369.95
1,157.05
1,809.20
976.28
90.27
125.21
116.52
129.70
170.11
Total Expenses
9,567.96 12,428.99 15,622.03 Mar '07 12 mths Mar '08 12 mths Mar '09 12 mths
1,403.69 1,561.03 1,944.06 2,598.77 2,610.88 Mar '06 Mar '07 Mar '08 Mar '09 Mar '10 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths
Net Profit for the Year Extraordionary Items Profit brought forward Total Preference Dividend Equity Dividend Corporate Dividend Tax Per share data (annualised)
1,050
1,026
1,435
2,227
3,058
Net Profit for the Year Extraordionary Items Profit brought forward Total Preference Dividend Equity Dividend Corporate Dividend Tax
9.06
88.91
154
188
242
-223.1
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-34.60
1.29
18.44
103.5
206.5
826.9
1,026.4
1,435.5
2,227.2
3,058.3
-25.54
90.20
173.3
292.3
448.7
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
207.6
252.46
340.94
383.56
639.26
0.00
5.91
15.37
20.52
29.99
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
2.61
3.49
5.10
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Per share data (annualised) Earning Per Share (Rs) Equity Dividend (%) Book Value (Rs)
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28.18 39.41 61.14 83.96
1.00
9.78
15.12
18.40
20.19
50.00
60.00
80.00
90.00
150.00
0.00
6.50
15.00
20.00
414.71
100.1
109.1
139.1
154.9
185.0
Appropriations
Appropriations Transfer to Statutory Reserves Transfer to Other Reserves 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 Proposed Dividend/Transfer to Govt Balance c/f to Balance Sheet 1.29 18.44 103.53 206.53 330.22 Total 826.9 1,026.4 1,435.5 2,227.2 3,058.3 207.6 252.46 340.94 383.56 639.26
Transfer to Statutory Reserves Transfer to Other Reserves Proposed Dividend/Transfer to Govt Balance c/f to Balance Sheet Total
-828.7
271.50
444.23
1,136.2
1,162.0
-26.84
64.85
53.85
61.77
83.45
1,448
502.50
650.35
707.41
1,257.0
0.00
6.91
17.98
24.01
35.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-25.55
90.21
175.3
292.3
448.7
REFERENCES:1. Balance sheets and Profit & Loss of Bank of Baroda 2. Balance sheets and Profit & Loss of ING Vysya 3. Profiles of Banks 2009-10 released by RBI