Seminar Engineering

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Date: 25th August 2007

Time: 6pm
Location: Peninsula Plaza
#06-34, 6th story,
TMC Education Group
Speakers
1. Consumer Electronic
Kyin Shein
TCL Thomson Electronics
2. CP5 (Code of Practice)
San San Mya
Rotary Engineering
3. Silicon Industry
- Ma Myo Myat Thi
Chartered Semiconductor
MingalarOnline.com
Date: 25th August 2007 6pm @ Peninsula Plaza
Location: #06-34, 6th story, TMC Education Group
Confirmed speakers
1. Consumer Electronic
- U Kyin Shein , TCL Thomson Electronics
2. CP5 (Code of Practise) for Building Electrical Engineering
- Daw San San Mya , Rotary Engineering
3. Semiconductor Silicon Industry
- Ma Myo Myat Thi , Chartered Semiconductor
Each presentation will take about 15 ~ 20mins. Material will be
available for attendants.
******************************
Contacts: Yu Khin 98250639, Nyi Nyi Win 96633035, San San
Mya 81803739, Zaw Aung 91479275, Phone Naing 91014794, Su
Myat Aye 81185590
vkyfief; tawG@t=uHK ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG
Registration Website: http://www.mingalaronline.net/seminar.htm Organizer: Ellis 94356554
Objective of Job Presentation
1. Knowledge sharing and friendship building among Burmese
Engineers
2. Job market opportunities / status for Burmese Engineers
(targeted to young engineers)
3. Depending on response, continue to organize such activities
from time to time
Brief bio: of speakers
Kyin Shein, U: He worked for Burma Broadcasting Service (BBS), Yangon until 1988. He
studied in Germany as BBS scholar, came to Singapore in 1989 and 15 years experience in
Thomson (Singapore). He completed B.E. (Electronics) in 1978, D.A.C in 1988 and M.Sc. (CE)
from NTU in 1998.
San San Mya, Daw:. She gradauated from RIT in 1972 Electrical Power and joined Myanmar
Electric Power Enterprise. She resigned from MEPE in 1990 and migrated to Singapore since then.
She has experience working in Commercial, Residential, Industrial, Roads and rail networks and
presently working in Oil and Gas construction. She is a Member of Institute of Electrical
Engineers U.K. and achieved Professional Associate Title award in Power Systems from Parsons
Brinckerhoff Inc New York.
Myo Myat Thi, Ma: She worked for DAEWOO Yangon. Came to Singapore in 1995 and
worked for Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing. She completed B.E. (Electronice) in 1992
and M.Sc. (Microelectronics) from NUS (2000). Ma Myo Myat Thi will present how Silicon
wafer fab process to IC chip which is used in all digital/electrical items.
Engineering Job Seminar
Index (rmwd um)
Page
1. Consumer Presentation Kyin Shein 1
2. Code of Practice 5 for Electrical San San Mya 8
3. Wafer Fabrication Myo Myat Thi 29
Other Information
4. Wikipedia dictionary (Electronic Industry) 36
5. CP5 Internet Information (ITE course, EI ..) 39
6. Semiconductor Article (In Burmese) 43-55
7. Contact Singapore information website 56
8. Education Articles (Mingalar Internet) 57-68
9. Singapore Salary Guide 2007 69
10. Expat in Singapore (Article from Straits Times) 84
11. Seven Habits (Book Reference In Burmese) 87
12. Sponsor Group and Companies 92 - 93
Total 93 pages
Date:
25
th
Aug-2007
6 to 7pm
Location:
TMC
Education Group
#06-34
Peninsula Plaza
Consumer Electronics
Then
Now
Future
Consumer Electronics Kyin Shein (25-Aug-2007)
Page - 1
Then
Job opportunities in CE field:
R & D
Manufacturing
Customer Service
Semiconductor (CE related)
Page - 2

1
R & D
Development Engineer (HW & SW)
Quality Engineer (Performance, Reliability, Safety &
Agency, EMC, etc..)
Page - 3
Development
Hardware (power supply, tuner, signal processing,
display, etc..)
Software (user-interface, functional control, signal
controls, alignments, etc..)
Equipment support
Page - 4

2
Design Quality
Functional (HW & SW) & performance
Reliability (extreme temperature, stress tests,
ruggedness tests, etc..)
Safety & Agency (UL, VDE, PSB, etc..)
EMC (Emission, Immunity / Susceptibility)
Page - 5
Manufacturing
Own manufacturing plants for major companies
Test Engineer
Quality Engineer
Manufacturing Engineer
Equipment Engineer
Page - 6

3
Customer Support
Own Service Centre for major brands
Service Engineer
Page - 7
Semiconductor (CE)
Almost all major CE companies have their own
semiconductor departments
Application / Technical Support Engineer
Page - 8

4
Now
R & D (high-end, new technology based products such
as High Definition TVs, STBs, DVR/PVRs, DVD/Media
Players, etc.. )
Manufacturing (contract manufacturing)
Customer Service (outsourcing)
Semiconductor (CE) Industry (Application / Technical
Support Engineer)
Page - 9
Future
GOK
R & D (new technology, language barrier, traveling
restrictions,..)
Manufacturing (contract manufacturing high-end / less
labour-intensive products)
Customer Service (shared services)
Semiconductor (CE) industry (new specialized chips for
newly emerged technologies, e.g. DVB-T/S, ATSC,..)
Page - 10

5
Advice
Know the system (old / new) well
Improve your language skill (both spoken & written)
Communication skill
Update yourself with fast changing market and
technologies
Positive attitude
Page - 11
Q & A
Page - 12

6
Thank You!
Kyin Shein
Manager, Design Quality Assurance
Singapore R & D Lab
TTE CORPORATION
TCL Thomson Electronics Singapore Pte Ltd
8 Jurong Town Hall Road #28-01/06
The JTC Summit
SINGAPORE 609434
Tel: 65 6309 2962
E-mail: kyin.shein@ttecorp.com
Page - 13
1. Ship Building & Repair Industry
2. Industrial and Building Construction
3. Semiconductor Related Factory
4. Consumer Electronic companies
5. Aircon and Mechnical Fabrication Industry
6. Petro-Chemical and Refinary companies
7. Medical equipment company
8. Instrumentation & control companies
9. Security Industry
10. Information Technology for all companies
so on
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7
Singapore Code Of Practice :
CP 5
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Code of Practice 5 San San Mya (25-Aug-2007)
Page-1
CP 5
1.0 WHAT IS CP5?
2.0 WHY WE ALL NEED TO STUDY CP5?
3.0 IS THIS RELATED TO ALL KINDS OF
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS.?
4.0 HOW DOES IT RELATED TO
INTERNATIONAL CODE OF PRACTICES
SUCH AS IEC, NEC, CENELEC, EU
CODES
Page-2

8
CP5
CP5 is a code of Practice and recommendation
Guide lines for all Electrical engineers who wish to
practice in Singapore as as Electrical Engineer
CP5 guide lines are tailored made for most of the
Electrical Installation with the exception of some
type of installations.
In certain cases the installation needs to refer to
some other supplemental codes such as other CP
codes, local authority requirement, other BS
standards etc.or clients requirement.
Page-3
CP 5
The following scope are excluded from CP5
Transmissions, Distribution of energy to Public and Power
Generation
Railway Traction Equipment , rolling stock & signalling
equipment.
Electrical equipment of motor vehicles
On board Vessels, Air craft
Equipment of Mobile and fixed off shore installation
Installations at mines and queries
Installation of Radio Interference suppression equipment
Lightning Protection code governed by CP33
Installation of Lifts and escalators governed by CP1 & 2
Page-4

9
CP 5
CP 5 is localized version referred to BS 7671
Requirements for electrical installations. IEE
Wiring Regulations. Sixteenth edition
BS 7671 16
th
. Edition is published in 2000 years
and it was harmonized with IEC 60364 and
CENELC standards.
When refer to US standards there are differences
due to different concept of electrical system
Page-5
CP5
CP5 Apply to all Installations fed at
voltages included in the category of Extra
Low Voltages and Low Voltages.
Extra Low Voltages : Voltage not
exceeding 50V AC or 120V DC.
Low Voltages : Greater than Extra Low
Voltage but lower than or up to 1kV AC or
1.5kV DC
Page-6

10
CP5
CP5 mainly pay attention to protect: -
(i) Human Being
(ii) Property
(iii) Live stock in locations intended for them
against hazards arising from the use of
Electricity or Electrical Installation.
Page-7
CP5
CP5 prescribed requirements are in related
with:-
Electric Shocks
Fire
Burns
Injury from electrically operated
mechanical equipment.
Page-8

11
CP5
Flow Chart of the Electrical Installation
Conceptual
Design
Detail
Design
Equipment
Selection
Purchasing
Ordering Installation
Testing
Commissioning
Each and every stages it is required to
follow guidance of CP5
Page-9
CP 5
Typical Example Single Line Diagram
Page-10

12
CP 5
CP5 dominates from concept design,
detailed design, selection of equipment
such as Transformers, Power Cables
Breakers, protection and Earthing Cables,
installation of these equipments and
finally to Test and commissioning .
Page-11
CP5
EQUIPMENT SELECTION
POWER -CABLES SELECTION/SIZING
The sizing and selection of Power Cable is considered to
be one of the most important item in Electrical
Installation. Cable selection Criteria :-
(i) Power Supply rated Voltage
(ii) Load Current versus Cable Rated Current carrying
capacity and their correction values.
(iii) Voltage Drop constraints ( overall Volt Drop from the
source to users shall not be greater than 4%).
(iv) Cable withstand prospective short circuit current
Page-12

13
CP5
Correction Factors to be considered in cable selection.
The following formula applies for cable correction
factors
C = C
g
x C
t
x C
i
C :- Total Correction factor
C
g
:- Group Correction factor due to cable
installation methods
C
t
:Temperature correction factor
C
i:
Correction factors due to thermal Insulation
Page-13
CP5
Volt drop calculation
The cable resistance and reactance parameters for
various type of cable with various method of
installation are tabulated in CP5 for the use of
calculation of Cable Volt drops value.
The unit is in mV/A/m
For some cables parameters are not available refer
to vendors data.
Page-14

14
CP5
The formulae of Volt drop calculation:-
VD = I
n
*L* (TVD
r
Cos + TVD
x
Sin)
OR
VD = 3*(I
n
*L* (RCos + X Sin)
In : Load Current after correction factor
L : Length of the cable run
TVDr and TVDx are the tabulated Volt drop from
CP5 Tables,
: power factor
Page-15
CP5
The selection of Cables also link to the circuit
protection device and its operating time.
The circuit protection devices are;-
o Air Circuit Breaker(ACB),
o Moulded Case Circuit Breaker(MCCB)
o Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB),
o Earth fault relay, Earth Leakage relays
o and residual circuit protective devices (RCCB)
Page-16

15
CP5
Selection of Circuit Protective Devices ( Circuit
Breakers)
Circuit breakers are to be provided for each
electric circuit for automatic interruption of supply
in the event of over current and electrical fault
occurred.
Circuit breakers should work as a means of
protecting for human life , cables and the
equipment connected to the electric circuit
Page-17
CP5
A Circuit Breaker, a mechanical switching device
should fulfill the following specifications
Capable of being safely closed in any load current
or fault current within the making capacity of the
device
Capable of being safely open any current up to its
breaking capacity
Capable of automatic interruption when abnormal
current flows.
Capable of being carry continuous current up to
its rated capacity
Page-18

16
CP5
EARTHING
What is Earthing?
Those countries practice under BS codes, EU codes
IEC , used as Earthing and in US, Japan and
Taiwan called as Ground as specified in US
National codes.
Earth is a huge vast natural conductor which can be
considered as reference or zero potential.
All human being, live parts are in connection with the
earth ( ground)
Any Metal parts which being charged with respect to
earth can cause a hazard called electric shock, if
touched by human body
Page-19
CP5
The Process of Earthing &Equipotential
Bonding:-
Link all metal part via earth conductor or earth
cables, except the LIVE conductor, so that there is
no excessive potential differences between metal
parts or metal parts to earth.
Page-20

17
CP5
The advantages of Earthing
The practice of Earthing is widespread but not
many countries in the world use it.
Supply system neutral is at nearly zero volts to
earth Thus the phase conductor to earth differs
240Volts
Since the metal works are all linked and earth the
fault current shall be easily detected by the
protective device though the phase conductor
broken and fault appears
Page-21
CP5
The disadvantages of Earthing
It is too costly to provide the complete
Earthing system
There are arguments that the indirect
contact electric shock may give possible
safety hazards
Page-22

18
CP5
Type of Earthing system
There are three types of Earthing System
TT system
TN_S system
TN-C-S system
Page-23
CP5
Electrical Earthing TT System
Page-24

19
CP5
Electrical Earthing : TN-S System
Page-25
CP5
Electrical Earthing : TN-C-S System
Page-26

20
CP5
CP5 has prescribed clearly Other earthing
system differs from TT system and TN-S
system shall not be allowed in Republic of
Singapore
Page-27
CP5
TN-S System require separate Neutral
conductor and Circuit Protective Conductor
(CPC). CPC is well known as a Earth cable
TT system . No separate CPC is required to
provide. But All exposed conductive parts
of an installation are connected to an earth
electrode, which is electrically independent
of source of earth
Page-28

21
CP5
Sizing of CPC ( Earth Cables) if TN-S
system is to be used.
S= I
2
T/K
S = nominal cross section of the cable in mm
2
I = The value in Amperes Earth Fault Current
T = the operating time of the disconnecting device
in secs
K = Thermal coefficient values of the cables
Page-29
CP 5 Minimum Cross Section of Protective Conductor
in relation with the main conductor
Cross Sectional area
of Phase Conductor
in mm2
S
Minimum cross sectional area of
the corresponding protective
conductor (CPC) in mm2
If the CPC is same
material as phase
Conductor
If CPC is not the
same material as
Phase conductor
S<= 16 S k
2
/k
1
*S
16<S<35 16 k
2
/k
1
*16
S> 35 S/2 k
2
/k
1
*S/2
Page-30

22
CP 5
Equipotential Bonding
Both TT or TN_S system , the main eqipotential
conductors shall be connected to main earthing
terminals as well as to the following:-
(i) Water service Pipes
(ii) Gas Installation Pipes,
(iii) other service pipes and ducting
(iv) Central Heating and Air-conditioning,
(v) Exposed mettalic structure parts of the structure building
Page-31
CP 5
Risk of spread of Fire
Cables trays trunkings etc installations
shall not break or reduced the building fire
compartment
All penetrations shall be provided with the
proper sealant of fire barriers
Proper marking shall be provided for
verification during the maintenance
Page-32

23
CP 5
Proximity to Electrical Services
Two different voltage circuits are not allowed to
run in one trunking or tray
Low voltage circuit shall be separated from extra
low voltage cables
Two category circuits cables are not allowed to
run in one conduits or one tray unless it is
effectively partitioned
Cables in relation with Fire systems, emergency
systems PA systems Telecomm systems shall be
segregated from low voltage cables.
Page-33
CP 5
Emergency Supply or Standby system
Source of safety services shall be:-
Primary Cells or Cells ( Now in many
places used as UPS and battery)
Storage Battery
Generator
Page-34

24
CP 5
Source of safety services under Fire
conditions.
All equipment either by construction or by
erection with protection, providing with fire
resistance materials of adequate durations.
Page-35
CP 5
Special Installations
Details guide line are written for the special
installation and method of bonding of :-
o Suana
o Swimming Pool
o Bath Tub
o Shower Basin
The reasons are for the life safety and to prevent
from the electric shock occurred from direct
contact and indirect contact
Page-36

25
CP 5
Inspection Testing and commissioning
o CP5 has guided the methodology of Inspection
whether the Installation has full fill the safety
requirement
o Insulation Tests Earthing Tests
o Protection for separation of circuits
o Phase Polarity Tests
Page-37
CP 5
Maintenance and Periodic Inspection
o In order to protect the live stock from
electrical shock and burns periodic
inspection shall be carried out regularly
Page-38

26
CP 5
Summary findings from CP 5
It is a guide line for all of us to follow in
Electrical Installation to prevent from:-
Safety of persons and live stock against the
electric shock, burns and fire
Protecting the property and equipment from
fire and hazards
Page-39
CP 5
The code is a guide line only.
To follow the guide lines the users should
have a certain knowledge in Electrical
Installation and also to digest the concept
design basis of its own work.
The code even specified all Electrical
Installation should be supervised by
License Electrical Worker
Page-40

27
CP 5
SAFETY FIRST,
SAFETY SHOULD NEVER BE
COMPROMISED
&
ALWAYS PRACTICE YOURSELF TO
BE A SAFE PERSON
Page-41
CP 5
THANK YOU
Page-42

28
Wafer Fabricat ion
Wafer Fabricat ion
Myo Myat Thi Myo Myat Thi
Topics
Topics
1. 1. Wafer Fabricat ion Process St eps Wafer Fabricat ion Process St eps
2. 2. Key Modules Key Modules
3. 3. Career Advice Career Advice
Myo Myat Thi , 25-Aug-2007
Page - 1

29
I C Processing
I C Processing
Silicon I ngot
Raw Waf er
Waf er Fabri cat i on
Die Assembly
I C chips
Wafer Fab :
9 Class 1 Clean Room Environment
(less t han 1 part icle larger t han 0.5
microns in size per cubic foot of air)
9 Tight Temperat ure & Humidit y Cont rol
Page - 2
CMOS I llust rat ions
CMOS I llust rat ions
Plan View Plan View
X X- - sect ional View sect ional View
Schemat ic Schemat ic
P
N
Gat e
Sour ce
Drain
Drain
P
N
Gat e
Sour ce
Drain
Drain
We are
here!!
We are
here!!
Page - 3

30
Key Process St eps
Key Process St eps
1. Transist or Format ion ( Well/ I solat ion/ Gat e/ Source/ Drain/ Cont act )
2. Met allizat ion (Mult iple layers of I nt erconnect )
3. Passivat ion (Prevent processed wafer from moist ure and scrat ches)
Met 1
Met 2
Met 3
Met 4
Met 5
Met 6
Gox 38(El.)
0.11m
0.10m
0.32m
Poly 2k
SiN 500
ILD 6.5k CoSi 400
IMD1 9.0k
IMD2 9.0k
IMD3 9.0k
IMD4 9.0k
IMD5 9.0k
HDP 8.0k
SiN 3.0k
6.9k
5.4k
5.4k
5.4k
5.4k
5.4k
Met 1
Met 2
Met 3
Met 4
Met 5
Met 6
Gox 38(El.)
0.11m
0.10m
0.32m
Poly 2k
SiN 500
ILD 6.5k CoSi 400
IMD1 9.0k
IMD2 9.0k
IMD3 9.0k
IMD4 9.0k
IMD5 9.0k
HDP 8.0k
SiN 3.0k
6.9k
5.4k
5.4k
5.4k
5.4k
5.4k
St ep# 1- Front End
St ep# 2- Back End
Page - 4
Front End Process
Front End Process
Transist or Module
Act ive and I solat ion Area Format ion (Oxidat ion/ STI deposit ion/
Act ive area pat t erning)
Well and Channel Format ion (I mplant at ion wit h N t ype (As,P, I n)
and P t ype (B, BF2) dopant s)
Poly-Si Gat e (Gat e Oxidat ion and Poly-silicon deposit ion)
Spacer Nit ride (Nit ride and Spacer Teos Deposit ion and Et ching)
Source/ Drain Format ion (I mplant at ion wit h N t ype and P t ype
dopant s)
Page - 5
Click
t o Enlarge Pict ure

31
Back End Process
Back End Process
I nt erconnect s and Passivat ion I nt erconnect s and Passivat ion
I nt er-Layer Dielect ric (PEN/ BPSG/ TEOS deposit ion and planarizat ion )
Cont act (Cont act pat t erning , et ching and W-deposit ion)
Mult iple Met al layers ( Ti/ TiN/ AlCu/ Ti/ TiN deposit ion, pat t erning and et ching)
Mult iple layers of I nt er-Met al Dielect ric (HDP oxide deposit ion and planarizat ion)
Via connect ion bet ween Met al layers (Via pat t erning, et ching, W-deposit ion)
Passivat ion ( USG and SiN deposit ion and annealing)
M1
M5
M4
Top Metal
M2
M3
Inter-Layer Dielectric
Passivation
Si
M1
M5
M4
Top Metal
M2
M3
Passivation
Si
Page - 6
Click
t o Enlarge Pict ure
Key Modules
Key Modules
(Process/ Equipment / Mfg)
(Process/ Equipment / Mfg)
1. Lit hography
2. Diffusion
3. I mplant
4. Et ch
5. Clean t ech
6. CMP ( Chemical Mechanical Polishing)
7. Thin-film (CVD/ PVD)
Page - 7

32
Wafer Fab Depart ment s
Wafer Fab Depart ment s
1. Operat ions
1. Process and Equipment
2. Manufact uring
3. Process I nt egrat ion, Yield Enhancement and Defect Densit y
2. Cust omer Service/ Market ing
3. CAD Tape out / Product
4. Technology Development
5. I T/ CI M/ Elect rical Test
6. QA/ FA/ Reliabilit y
7. Facilit y (Elect rical/ Mechanical/ Chemical/ Maint enance)
8. Planning/ I ndust rial Engineering
9. Human Resource/ Finance
Page - 8
Career Advice
Career Advice
1. Relevant Experience or Academic Background
(Microelect ronics/ Device Physics / Mat erial Science/ Elect rical/
Mechanical / Chemical)
2. Personalit y
1. Commit t ed individual
2. Fast Learner
3. Smart and Analyt ical
4. Sense of urgency
Page - 9

33
Thank You
Thank You
Page - 10
Myo Myat Thi
Fab6, Yield Engineering
Chart ered Seimconduct or Manf act uring
Singapore
Tel: 63946022
Go Back

34
Go Back
M1
M5
M4
Top Meta
M2
M3
Passivati
Si
M1
M5
M4
Top Meta
M2
M3
Passivati
Si
Go Back

35
Consumer electronics
Consumer electronics include electronic equipment intended for everyday use.
Consumer electronics are most often used in entertainment, communications and
office productivity. Some products classed as consumer electronics include
personal computers, telephones, audio equipment, televisions, calculators, and
playback and recording of video media such as DVD or VHS. Popular brands of
consumer electronics include a wide range of European, American, Korean and
Japanese based companies including Philips, Apple, Sony, Toshiba, Samsung,
LG and others.
The CEA (Consumer Electronics Association) estimates 2007 Consumer
Electronics sales at 150 billion dollars. CEA: Industry Statistics

Consumer electronics are manufactured throughout the world, although there is a
particularly high concentration of manufacturing activity in the Far East, in
particular China and Singapore, amongst other countries. The latest consumer
electronics are previewed yearly at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las
Vegas, Nevada, at which many industry pioneers speak including Bill Gates from
Microsoft.
One overriding characteristic of all consumer electronic products is the trend of
ever-falling prices. This is driven by gains in manufacturing efficiency and
automation, coupled with improvements in semiconductor design. Semiconductor
components benefit from Moore's Law, an observed principle which states that,
for a given price, semiconductor functionality doubles every 18 months.
While consumer electronics continues in its trend of convergence; ie. DVD-Player
and Free-View Box becomes a 'Media Centre' combining elements of many
consumer electronic items. The consumer faces different decisions when
purchasing their items. The variables becoming more about "Style & Price" rather
than "Specification & Performance". This convergence of technologies promises

36
a shrinking of choice of retailer to the consumer and the rise of Manufacturer
status within the home.
Environment
Many consumer electronics have planned obsolescence, resulting in E-waste. It
is estimated that during 2003 the US alone generated over 2.8 million tons of
electronic waste. Less than 10% of that amount was recovered (reused or
recycled).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_electronic

Semiconductor device fabrication

NASA's Glenn Research Center cleanroom.

Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to create chips, the
integrated circuits that are present in everyday electrical and electronic devices.
It is a multiple-step sequence of photographic and chemical processing steps
during which electronic circuits are gradually created on a wafer made of pure

37
semiconducting material. Silicon is the most commonly used semiconductor
material today, along with various compound semiconductors.
The entire manufacturing process from start to packaged chips ready for
shipment takes six to eight weeks and is performed in highly specialized facilities
referred to as fabs.
History
When feature widths were far greater than about 10 micrometres, purity was not
the issue that it is today in device manufacturing. But as the devices became
more integrated the cleanrooms became even cleaner. Today, the fabs are
pressurized with filtered air to remove even the smallest particles, which could
come to rest on the wafers and contribute to defects. The workers in a
semiconductor fabrication facility are required to wear cleanroom suits to protect
the devices from human contamination.
In an effort to increase profits, semiconductor device manufacture spread from
Texas and California in the 1960s to the rest of the world, such as Ireland, Israel,
Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore and China, and is a global business today.
The leading semiconductor manufacturers typically have facilities all over the
world. Intel, the world's largest manufacturer, has facilities in Europe and Asia as
well as the U.S. Other top manufacturers include Freescale Semiconductor (US),
Samsung (Korea), Texas Instruments (US), Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
(US) see , Toshiba (Japan), NEC Electronics (Japan), STMicroelectronics
(Europe), Infineon (Europe), Renesas (Japan), Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company (Taiwan, see TSMC web site), Sony(Japan), and NXP
Semiconductors (Europe) and Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing CSM
(Singapore). In 2006, there are approximately 5,000 semi-conductor and
electronic components manufacturers in the United States, accounting for $165
billion, according to the 2006 U.S. Industry & Market Outlook by Barnes Reports.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_Manufacturing

38
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR THE SALE OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION PRODUCTS
TO THE PUBLIC
January 2004 Page 1 of 3
Preface
WHY DO WE NEED A CODE OF PRACTICE?
Electricity has become an essential commodity in our community. We rely on it in nearly all aspects of our
daily living. But as well as being a benevolent saviour, it can also be a malevolent killer.
Each year people get killed when they attempt to do their own electrical installation and maintenance work, no
matter how simple the job.
In many cases, they buy electrical installation materials, accessories and products, then attempt to install them
themselves instead of using a registered electrical contractor.
People give many reasons for doing their own electrical work:
didn't realise it was dangerous;
didnt realise it was illegal;
enjoy do it yourself (DIY) work;
thought they possessed the appropriate knowledge and skills;
persuaded by others to do it;
too expensive to employ a registered electrical contractor (in some cases, the cost to install the product
by a registered electrical contractor may be more than the purchase price of the product.)
But the fact remains that it is dangerous and illegal for electrical installation work to be carried out by other than
registered electrical contractors.
The public must be informed about the danger and illegality of doing their own electrical installation work.
Electrical Regulatory Authorities throughout Australia have conducted various public and industry awareness
campaigns to promote electrical safety and these have included information about the dangers and illegality of
unlicensed people doing their own electrical installation work.
The purpose of this Code of Practice is to help suppliers and retailers play their part in informing the buying
public of the need to use only registered electrical contractors to fit electrical installation materials, accessories
and products.
WHAT IS A CODE OF PRACTICE?
A code of practice is a document which specifies the agreed manner in which an activity or process should be
conducted.
This Code of Practice specifies various guidelines which should be adopted when selling certain electrical
installation materials, accessories and products.
Various electrical safety regulations in all Australian States and Territories specify that only licensed
electricians or registered electrical contractors may carry out electrical installation work. The reasoning behind
this law is that for untrained persons, the act of carrying out any electrical installation work can in itself be
dangerous. In addition, electrical installation work which is performed incorrectly, no matter how simple the
job, can present a life threatening and potential fire risk to both the worker and the subsequent user of the
installation.
This Code of Practice is not law. To become law it would have to be mandated in legislation. As it is not
mandatory, the Code merely represents a set of conditions which have been accepted with consensus of many
industry members and should be adopted voluntarily.
Following this Code will enable suppliers and retailers to be seen to be acting responsibly when selling electrical
installation materials, accessories and products which can present a danger to the purchaser if installed illegally.
WHO PREPARED THIS CODE OF PRACTICE?
This Code of Practice was prepared by the Office of the Chief Electrical Inspector in conjunction with electrical
regulatory authorities throughout Australia for consultation purposes in Victoria.

39
The Code
WHICH ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS CAN ONLY BE INSTALLED BY
REGISTERED ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS?
Electrical safety regulations in Australian States and Territories prohibit electrical installing work being carried
out by other than registered electrical contractors or licensed electricians. So although it is legal to buy products
like electrical cable, switches and power points, it is illegal and dangerous for unlicensed persons to install the
items.
The Regulations DO permit unlicensed persons to connect plugs to their own electrical cords. However, the use
of ready made extension cords is encouraged as they may be safer than home wired ones. An incorrectly wired
plug can be fatal.
LABELLING
The packaging of electrical installation materials, accessories and products which require connection to
electrical wiring should include a prominent warning which advises that the product must only be installed by a
registered electrical contractor or licensed electrician. The sorts of products which require a warning label on
their packaging are switches, power points, cables etc.
Most Australian manufacturers already display the warning label on the blister pack packing for these types of
products, but a check should be made to make sure the label is present.
NOTICES
Many electrical installation materials, accessories and products are sold in bulk without specific packing
things like switches, electrical cable etc. In these cases, a prominent warning poster should be located on the
display shelf near the product. The poster should carry the message that only registered electrical contractors
must be used to fit the electrical installation materials, accessories and products.
ADVERTISING
Many electrical installation materials, accessories and products which require connection to electrical wiring are
advertised for sale, both in the written and audio/visual media, words to the effect must only be installed by a
registered electrical contractor should be included in the advertisement. The warning should be displayed
prominently and in the immediate vicinity of any graphical representation of the product.
CUSTOMER ADVICE
A good indication that a customer is not a registered electrical contractor or licensed electrician is when he or
she asks the seller for advice on how to connect an electrical product to installed wiring.
In such cases, it is more prudent for sales staff to advise the customer that the electrical installation materials,
accessories and products must only be installed by a registered electrical contractor or licensed electrician, and a
Certificate of Electrical Safety issued to the customer.

40
More Information
If you want more information about warning labels for electrical products,
contact the product manufacturer. Alternatively, you may contact your
local electrical regulator at the number shown below:
Office of the Chief Electrical Inspector
Level 3, Building 2, 4 Riverside Quay SOUTHBANK VIC 3006
Phone: (03) 9203 9700
Fax: (03) 9686 2197
Website: www.ocei.vic.gov.au
ACT Planning & Land Authority
Electrical Safety
16 Challis Street DICKSON ACT 2602
Phone: (02) 6207 6400
Fax: (02) 6207 1640
Website: www.actpla.act.gov.au
Department of Fair Trading New South Wales
1 Fitzwilliam Street PARRAMATTA NSW 2150
Phone: (02) 9895 0715
Fax: (02) 9689 0423
Website: www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au
Department of Industrial Relations Queensland
Electrical Safety Office
75 William Street BRISBANE QLD 4000
Phone: (07) 3227 6251
Fax: (07) 3237 0229
Website: www.eso.qld.gov.au
Department of Infrastructure, Planning & Environment Northern Territory
38 Cavenagh Street DARWIN NT 0800
Phone: (08) 8999 8961
Fax: (08) 8999 8967
Website: www.ipe.nt.gov.au
Energy Safety Western Australia
20 Southport Street LEEDERVILLE WA 6007
Phone: (08) 9422 5200
Fax: (08) 9422 5244
Website: www.energysafety.wa.gov.au
Office of Electricity Standards & Safety Tasmania
30 Gordons Hill Road ROSNY PARK TAS 7018
Phone: (03) 6233 7831
Fax: (03) 6233 8338
Website: www.wst.tas.gov.au/electricity
Office of the Technical Regulator South Australia
Energy Regulation
Level 13 Wakefield House
30 Wakefield Street ADELAIDE SA 5000
Phone: (08) 8226 5500
Fax: (08) 8226 5866
Website: www.technicalregulator.sa.gov.au

41
SHORT COURSES PROGRAMME

I NSTI TUTE OF TECHNI CAL EDUCATI ON
I ndust r y Tr ai ni ng Pr ogr amme Dept , 10 Dover Dr i ve, Si ngapor e 138683
Tel : 67720609 | Fax : 65449373 | Emai l : i t p@i t e.edu.sg | Websi t e: w w w .i t e.edu.sg/c et /sc

EmployerswhowishtoapplyforSDF
fundingmustsubmittheSDFForm1
toSDFatleastoneworkingday
beforecoursestartdate.
Downloadtheformatwww.sdf.gov.sg
orrequestforacopybycallingthe
SDFHotlineon68835885.

SDFFunding
CP5: 1998 CODE OF PRACTI CE
FOR ELECTRI CAL
I NSTALLATI ONS
Objective
ToenableparticipantstoapplytheguidelinesofCP5:1998for
wiringofelectricalinstallations
WhoShouldAttend
Electricianswhoneedtoupdatetheirknowledgeinthenew
electricalregulations
Content
RecognisetheneedtocomplywithCP5:1998
KnowthebackgroundandLayoutPlanofCP5:1998
Appreciate the importance of Definitions as defined in
CP5:1998
InterpretCP5requirementsonAssessmentofInstallation
RelatetheClassificationofExternalInfluences
RelatetheIndexofProtection
Interpret CP5 requirements on Protection Against Electric
Shock
InterpretCP5requirementsonEquipotentialBonding
Interpret CP5 requirements on Automatic Disconnection of
Supply
Calculateearthfaultloopimpedanceandearthfaultcurrent
Selecttheminimumsizeofprotectiveconductor
InterpretCP5requirementsonProtectionAgainstOvercurrent
Statethefunctionofdifferenttypesofprotectivedevices
InterpretCP5requirementsonIsolationandSwitching
Interpret CP5 requirements on Selection and Erection of
Equipment
Calculatecablesizesforsingle-phaseinstallation
Determineconduitandtrunkingsizes
Interpret CP5 requirements on Special Installations or
Locations
InterpretCP5requirementsonInspectionandTesting
CourseDetails
Duration : 30hours(10sessions)
Totalfee : $270(inclusiveofGSTandregistrationfee)
(SDFFundingisavailable)
Schedule : See our website for details or call us for
moreinformation
Registration&Payment
Walk-inattheCustomerService
Centres
Applyonlineat
www.ite.edu.sg/cet/sc/online.htm
Posttheapplicationformtous
Paymentisrequiredforconfirmation
ofplace.Crossedchequesshouldbe
madepayabletoInstituteof
TechnicalEducation.Atthebackof
thecheque,pleasewriteyourname,
NRIC/FIN,coursetitleandcontact
number.
Closingdate:1monthbeforecourse
startdateorwhentheclassisfull.
Withdrawal&Deferment
Withdrawalordefermentnoticemust
bemadeinwriting:
2weeksormorebeforecourse
startdateFullrefund
Lessthan2weeksbeforecourse
startdate-50%refund
Onoraftercoursestartdate-
Norefund
Intheeventthatthecourseis
cancelledduetounforeseen
circumstances,fullrefundwillbe
given.

42
..~~~ ....,.~. .
.~ ~ ~ _, ~~_, ,~ ~ . .~ ~ .,.
.., ~ ~. . .. ~ ~ ._~~_ . .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~
~ .~ . ~ ~ ._~~_ _ ~ ,, ~ . .~ ~
~ .~ . ..~ ~ ~ ~ . .~ .. , ~ , ~ ~ ._~~_
. .~ ~ ~ ~ ~_~ .~ . .~ Chartered Semiconductor ~ ~~ ~ ~
. .~ ~ ._~.~._~ . .~ ~ ~ . . ..,.~ .~ . ~ ~ ..~ .~ ~
~ .~ _ ~ ~ ~ .. .~ .~ ~ . ~ ~~ ~. .~ . . .~~~
.~ .'~ ~~~ .~ ~.~ . , .~ .~ _.,... ~ ~_ . . . ~ ~ ....~ .
_. ..~ ~ . .,.~_

. .~ ~ ~ ~ . , . ~ ., ~ ~ _, ~ . . ~, .. ~ ~ ~ ~ .
.~ ~ ~ .~ ~ .~ ..~ ~, .. ~ . .~ . .~ ~ .~' . .,~ .
~ ~ ~ .'.~ ~ ~ . .~ .~ _~.~ . . . . .. ~~~ .
.~ ~_
~~ , ~ . .~ ~ ~ ...~ ~ ~~ ~~ . ., ~~. . .~ . ~
. ._~.~ . ...~~ ~ .. .~_ ~ _ .~ . .~ ~ ~ ~ .~_
~~.~_~.~ ~_~.~.. ~ _~ .~.~~_ _ ~ ., ~_ .
~_~ ., ~ ..~ , ~ ., ~ ., ~ .'~ ~ .. ,. , ~_ ~
.~ . ~ .._~ . .~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ .~~_ ~ ~ ~ ~, , ~
~~.~ ~ . ~ .. ~ ~ _~ . . . .~~_. . ~ ~ ..~ ~_ .
. _~ .~ ~_ .~ ~ , .~ . ~ ~ ~ ~_ ~ ~ _~.. ~ .
~. .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ , ~ .~ ~ ., ~_ ~ ~ ~ . .~ ~~
.~ , .. , . ~ .. ~ . ., ~ ~ ~ , .. ., .~ .. .~
~._~~_

43

. ....
. . . _ .. ~, .. ~ ~ , .. ~ ~ ~ ~~ . ~ .~_ ~ . ~_ .
~ . .'.~ . ~ ..~ ., ~ ~ ~ _~ .. ~ .. . ~ .,
.~.~.~ ~_ ..~. .. ~_ . ~ .~ ~~ . ~ .. . _..~ .~ ~_
~ ... ~ ~ .~ ~_ , . .~ ..' . . ~ ~, ~, .. ~ ~ .
~ ~_ . ...~ .~ . .~~. . Analog, Logic, High Voltage IC, RF
IC, CMOS, BMOS, NMOS ..etc .~_~ , ..~ ....~ ~~ . (Memory
IC) ... ~_. .~.. , ~_ ~ ~~ . . ~ ~ ~~ ~ ,
~, .~_ ~~ .~ ~~ ~, .. . _..~ . .. ~ .._~~_

44

. ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ . (Wafer Fab)
~ ~ ~ _~.~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..~ ~ ~, , ~ Microprocessor,
Controler, Memory .~_~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . . ~ .~ , .~ ~~~ ._~~_
~~..~ . ~ ~. ~ ~ , ~ ~. . .~ Intel, AMD, IBM ~._~.
~.. . _.~ ~ ~ .~ HP, Phillips, Sony, Simen, Toshiba, Motorola, Sumsung ..~
~ , .~_ ~ ~ _~ ..~_~_ . . ~ ~ ~ .~ .~ , .. _~~_ ~ . ~~~ .~
.~ , .~ (Wafer Fab - Fabrication Factory) .'~_

45

~~, . .~ , .
~ ~ _~ .. ~ ~ ~ .~ . (R & D) . .~. ~~~.~~
~ .~.~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ .~._~ ~._~ . . .~, ~ _~...
, . .,.~._~ ~._~ . ~ ~, ~ ~ .~ Contract Manufacturer .'~_ ~ ~ ~ .~
~ ~, ~ .._ ~ ~ ~_~~_ ~ .~ ., ~ ., ~ ~ ~ _~ ..~_ ~ ~
~ , .. .~ .~., . ~~ ~ ~, _ _~ .~ ~ ~ ., . ~~ .~_~~_
~._~ .,.~,~ .~~~ ~.~_ .~ .~.,.~~ ~.~.~~_

46

~ .~ ~ ~ , TSMC, UMC ..~ ~ ~ . .~ , Chartered Semiconductor,
~, _ , SMIC ~ , .., ~ ~, ~ . .~ ~ ~ .~ , . ~~ ~
~ .~ .~~ ~ ~_ .~ , Chartered Semiconductor ~ ~ . ., ..~
., ~ ~ ~ _~.. ~ . . . ..,.~ ~ _ ., ~ ..~ ...~ ~ ~ ~ ,.~ ., ~
.'~ ~ . ~~ ~ .~ ~ ~ _~ . ~ . ~_ .~ , , . ~ ..
~ ~~ _, .~..~ ~ ~ ._~~_ ~ . , ~ .~ ~~ ~ ~ .
~ ~ . ~ ~ ~~ ~. ..~ ~ ~ ~_ .
~ ~ ~ ~~ , ~_ ~ . , . ~ .~ MNC Multi-National Company
~ . ~_ .~., .. .,~~_ . .~ . .~ , .~ ~ .~ ~.~_ .~ ~
. ~ . ~ ~~ .~ ~ _~ . .~ . _. _ ._ ~~~ .~ . .~_ ,.~,
. .~ .. . .~._~ ~ . ~~~ , .~ ~ ~.. STM, SSMC,
Infineon, Agere, STATS-Chip Pac, UTAC, Micron, Syntronic .~_ .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ..
~_.~ .. ~_ ~ .~ ~ .~ .~...~. . , ~ ~ ~ ., .. ~
.~.

. ~ .~ , ~ . ~.~~ ~ ~ .~..
~ .~ , ..~ Clean Room ~_ ..~ ~~ ~~ . ~ ~ .~ .~ ~~ ~ ~
. . ~ ~~ ~~ . . .. . ~. ~~ ,.~._~ .~ ~..~_
~ ~ _~ .~., . ~, _ . _ . . ~ ~ .. ~ ~ ~
~~ ~ ,~ .~ ~ ~. .~ . .,~ .. .' ~.~_ .~ .
~ ._~ .~.~._~ ._ .~ . _~ ~_.. ~ ~ ,~ ~ ~.. ~ . ~.
._~. . . _ ..., ~ . . ~ .~ , .~~ _ . ..~.~_

47

.~ , ~_ . , , ~_ ~ . ~ . ~ ,~ ~ ~~ .~ .~ . ~~ ~ _ ~ .,.
~ ~ ,~_ ~~~ ,, , ~ ~ , . ~ ., _ . , , . . _ . .
~ ~ ,~_ . ~~ ~ ,~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ,~ ~ ~ ~ ...~_
~ ~~_, .. .~. ~~ . .~_~.~ ~~ ~ ,~
~ ~ . .. ~~ . . ,~ ~ ~_ ~ .~ ~ . .. ~~ . .~ ~_ .
~ ~~ ~.,~ ~ ~ ,~_
~ . ~ ~. ~~ . ~ .'~ .~~ ~~~ ~ .. . . . _ .
._~.. ..~ ~. .~ .'~ ~~ ,~_ ..~ ,~ ~~~ ~ .
. ~ .'~ ~~ , ~_ ~ . ~.~. ~~ ~ .
.~ _~ , .~~ ~~ ~ , _~ . . ~ . .~. ,~~~ ~~ , ~_
. ~ . ~. .~~~ ~~~ ,_~ . ~ .~ .~~ Expat _, .~ ., ~.
., ~ ., .. .~_ ~ .' ~. . ~. .'~ ~.~ . ~~ ..~_ .
. . ~.~ ~~ ..~ ...~ ~ ~ ~~ ., ~ .'~ .~ . .'~.~_
http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=CHRT
. ~ ~ ~ .
~. R&D
Wafer Fabrication
Assembly and Packaging

48
~. R&D
.. .. ~~~ . _. . ~ ..~ ~~ .~ ~ ,_.~. .
~ .~ .., ~~ ~ ~ .~. ~~..~_ . , ~_ ~ ~ .~ . ~ .
. .. ~_ Intel, AMD ~ ~ ~ ~ Pentium 4 ~ ~, , ~.
Memory Chips, Graphic card, Sound Chip ..etc .~ , ~ ~ ~ Proto type ., ... .~
~~_~~_ . . . ~~ .~ . . .. ~~.~ ~ . ~, .~ ~
.~ . ~ ~ ~ . Wafer Fabrication and Assembly and Packaging ~
.,~_

Wafer Fabrication
. ~ ~ .~ .'.~ .~ ..'~ .~ ~ ~ . . ~ .. ~ . . . ~
. ~ ~ . Inplant, ~~ _ ~.~,. , ~ .. . Lithography, ~~~ ~~ .~
~... Thin Film (Metalization), ~ .~ ..~ ... . Etch, . .'.~
~..~. ~ . ~ ~ .~ ..~ .._ .~~ ~ . ~... Diffision,
~ , . ~ . ... Clean Tech, _ .~.,.~ ., . ~ .~~ ~ . CMP (Chemical
Mechanical Polishing), .~_ ~ . .~ ~ . ~ ~~ ~~..~
_ ._~ . .. ~~ ~ . ,~_ .~ .~ . ~ ~~ ~ .'.~ .~~ ~
~_ . ~ ~~ ~, . . ~ ~ ~. ~ . ... CIM Computer Integrated
Manufacturing _ .~ ~ .~_ ~ . ~_ . ~ Equipment Engineer, , ~
~ Process Engineer, Yield, Quality, Product, Customer engineers .~
~ . ~~ ~ . ~ . _~,~_

49

.~ .~ ~ .~ , _~ ..~_ ~~ . . , .. ~ . ~~ .
,_ . ~ .. . . ~~ . ., . .~ .~_ ~ ~ Facility Engineering
~~ . , ~ . ..~ ~ . _.. ~_. ,, .~._~ .. ~~ . . ,~_ ~ ~ .~
_. _ . . .., ~ ~ Exhaust System ~ ~ .~ ..,~_ ~ ..~., ~_ . UPW Ultra-
Pure Water ~ ~ .,~_ . ~ ~ ..'~ . .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ .~ ,_ .~ .
~ ~.~ Electrical Parameter Testing ~ ,~_ .~ .~ Quality

50
. .. .. . .~ . ~~ .~.~ .~ . Assembly and Packaging
.~ , .~ ..,~_
Assembly and Packaging
. ~~ .~~ .'~ . ~~ ~~~~ ~ , ~_ ~ . .~ ~~ ~ ~
~ ~ Wafer Sort .~ . .. ..,~_ ~ .~ .~..~ .~ ~ .~ , . . .~
~ .~ ~ ,~_ ~ .~~ ...~.. , ~ ~ Grinding ~ , .~.~_ .~ .~
~ ~ .~ . ~ . ~ ., _~ . ~ _~ .. ~_~ .~ . Wire Bonding ~ .,
._~~ ~_ Packaging ~ . ,~_ .~ .~ .. . , . ~~ , ~~
, .~ , _~~_ _ ._ .~ ..' . .~ ~~ .~.~ .
~ ~ ~ ~_

., .~ , . . ~ ~ ~ ..
~ . ~ ~ ., .~ , . ~ .~. ~ ., ., ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~
~~ ~. ~.~_ Wafer Fabrication ~ ., .~ , ~ .~ .~., . ~ ~
~~~ . . . .~ ~ . .,... ~~ .~.~ , , . . ~_ .~., . ~.
~ . ~ ~~_ . Assembly and Packaging .~ , .. , . . ~_ .~ .~ , .
..._~ .~ . _ ._ . ~_ . ~ ~ .~._~ ., .~, ~ .. , _~ _ ._ .~
_ . ~ ~ .~ Assembly and Packaging .~ , . ., .~, .~
... , ~_ .~., . ~. ~ ~_ ~ ~. . .,.~ ~._~~_

. _ ._ ~~~ .~~
. .~ ~ ~ .~~~ _ ._~ ~ ~, (um) ~ .~. ~_ .~
_ ._.~ (nm) .'_~~_ ~. ~ ~, ~_ ~. ~ ~. ~ . ~. .~. . ~.
~_ ~..~ .~.~_ 0.5 um ~ ~ ~~ ~ .~ ~ .' . 0.13um ~
~ .~, . ~~ ~ .~ ~ .'~_ .~. .~ 0.09 um ~ 90nm ~ . ~~ ~ .~ ~

51
.'_~~_ 0.5 um ~_ . ~ .~. ..~ ~~ .._~ . ~ 0.5 um
, ~_ ~ ~_ . ~~ .~ ~ ..'~ _~_ .. ~ ~, .~~ _~_~
~ ~~ .._~ ..~ 90nm ,_ . . ~ ~ ~ _~_ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~_
,_ . ~_ .~ .~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ , ~_ ~~ . .~ .~ 90nm,
65nm, 45nm .~_ _ ._. ~ ~~ .~ .~ , .~ ~ ~ ~ . . ~_

. .~ ~ ~ ~ . ~~
. ~ . _~~ ~ .. _ ._ .~ .~ .~ ~~ ~ .~_ . ~_
~ .~ ~ .~ .~ ~~ ~ .~ _, .~_ ., ~ ., .~ , ._~~_

52
. ~ , . . ~~~ .~ _ ._.~ ..~ ~_ .~ ,
~ . ~ ~~ ~. ~ ,, ~ , ~ .~ ~~ ~ ~ ,~ . ~~
~~~ ~ . ~, .~. ,, ~_~ . ~_ .~ ~~ ~ ~ . . .~ ~ ~ ~ ~,
~~ ~, .. .~ ,~ .. , . . _~ . . ,~ , ~_~_ . ~_
~ . .~ ~ ~ .~ , .~_ . ~~ ~ .'~_ . ~_ . ~ . _~~
~, . . .~ ~ ~ _~ .~ .~ ~ ~ ..~_ .
~_~ ~ _ . ~ ~_ ~ _, .~_ ~~ . _ Bio Cell IC
.~ ~ ~ , _~ ... ~ .~~ ._~.~ ~_ . . . . ... . .~ ~ ~ _
....~ .,. ._ . ~_
.

Notes:
1. William Shokley, John Barden and Watter Brattain - those 3 scientic invented "transistor"
in 1947. They won noble price for Physic.
2. Intel Corporation , found by Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce started IC manufacturing
since 1968.
Reference:
1. Chartered Semiconductor Training Maunals
2. Wikipedia.com Semiconductor articles
3. Internet Photos
4. ULSI Technology C.Y. Chang and S.M.Sze 1996

53
Some of Consumer - Computer Products

Chartered Semiconductor Burmese Employees (2006)

Feb-2007 (Singapore)

54
Job market of Silicon Industry
1. Wafer Fab , Assembly IC
CSM www.charteredsemi.com
TECH - www.techsemiconductor.com.sg
STMicroelectronic - www.st.com/stonline
SSMC - www.ssmc.com.sg
Infineon - www.infineon.com
STATS Chippac
UMC - www.umc.com.sg etc
2. Equipment & spare part suppliers eg. Applied Material, Lam Research, KLA,
TEL, HP, DISCO, Varian etc
3. Material suppliers SONY, BASF, SOXAL, MITSUI Chemical, Siltronic,
Integris ..etc

55
www.contactsingapore.org.sg

56
Welcome to Oversea Burmese (Myanmar) Business & Community Directory (Since 2001 Nov)
About us
Myanmar
MP3
Singapore
info
Myanmar
News
Education &
Study
Flight
Schedule
Excha
Rat
Food Yangon Malaysia, KL Japan, Tokyo USA, Australia Thailand Myweb
Find from ?
TYPE HERE-->

FindIt!
EDUCATION FOR BURMESE

Date Education Stories
Mingal
Online
30.07.2007 Click
30.06.2007

Library and Political Books, Also - see at www.thanlwin.com/polaris/
Click
08.04.2007 Click
19.03.2007
Post Graduate Study in UK and Other country
Click

Student Live in Singapore & Burmese
Page 1 of 4 What Do You Want To Find Today
8/23/2007 http://www.mingalaronline.net/education/

57
27.02.2007

Click
22.02.2007

Case Trust Members of Private Schools in Singapore (For Student Pass)
Click
02.02.2007

Wafer Fab (Semiconductor Business and Education)

Click
2006 Click
2006

Click
05.01.2007

Graduate Oversea Study (Aung Kyaw Soe)
Click
12.01.2007

Study in Netherland - Tun Aung (Netherland)
Click
30.12.2006

Singapore Education for Burmese, Kay Thawl
Click
2005

Study in Australia
Click

58
2002

Mingalar Online Education Guides - Singapore

Oversea Burmese Education
Click

Singapore

NTU Master Prog

NUS Master Prog

Poly Diploma Courses

Pri/Sec Shchools

University
NTU Nanyang Technology University www.ntu.edu.sg
NUS National University of Singapore www.nus.edu.sg
SMU Singapore Management University www.smu.edu.sg
SIM Singapore Institue of Management www.sim.edu.sg

There are many post graduate courses in Singapore for Degree holders or Master holders from Myanm
Popular courses are
1. Engineering Master Courses (For Engineering or Science graduates)
2. IT Master Courses (For IT and Science graduates)
3. Environment Master Courses (For Chemical, Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry graduates)
4. Various Master Courses (For any degree holders or master holders including M.B.B.S medical de
5. Master of Science (BUILDING SCIENCE)

Under graduate course are not eligible for normal Burmese. Special Burmese such as genius students
may be.

Note: Application is accept via email and qualification is more tighter eg. TOFEL, graduate grading
from reputable person, academic ..etc

=================================================
Singapore Polytechnic
3 years diploma course for Burmese is very popular in Yangon. Now, entrance exam was held at Yan
Singapore eg Burmese School "JointCom".

Yangon admission exam centers hints
1. Pass 10 standard in Burma eqv to "O" level ".
2. Avg mark is above 70% and prefer IELTS or TOEFL
Fluency in English is advantage.
3. Each Polytechnic has own exam
4. Fluency in English is advantage.
5. Repeated exercise at Training center is advantages eg. Maths
- U Tin win Aung 951-280699 (Ygn)
- U Thein Lwin (JointCom) 65-64672410 (Sgp)


59
Burmese Internet Directory Search Site
Mywebdigest
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 Anson Road #18-18 International Plaza, Singapore 079903

6. MYANMAR RV Training Center (Popular Singapore based school) www.rvcentre.com.sg
1. Latha,Yangon 104 Latha Street, Latha Township, Yangon
2. Saya San/Kokine, Yangon 28B, Saya San Road, Bahan Township,
Yangon Email: rvms@mptmail.net.mm
Student life in Singapore Poly
1. Student can apply sponsorship from Singapore government (Bond is 3 yrs to work in Singapore)
Benifit: S$ estimated 3 yrs S$15,000 course fee
2. Student can get company's sponsorship (Bond is depend on agreement eg. 2 yrs)
Benifit: Monthly S$300 and above. Average is S$500 depend on company.
3. Student can work part time in Singapore after 6 months stduy.
Daily wedges: S$5-10 per hours.
Singapore Polytechnic www.sp.edu.sg
Temasek Polytechnic www.tp.edu.sg
Ngee Ann Polytechnic www.np.edu.sg
Nanyang Polytechnic www.nyp.edu.sg
Republic Polytechnic www.rp.edu.sg

=================================================

Burmese Gathering and Shopping Point - Peninsula Plaza

60
Graduate School 101 tutorial for Burmese students and
graduates
_ By Aung Kyaw Soe
Introduction
I hope this article will be useful for those who have some friends, families and relatives trying to
earn admission to graduate schools and the content of the guide is constrained by author's limited
knowledge. The inspiration for writing this article was originated during a conversation with one of
the countrymen during the flight back in 2000. She was doing PhD in Biotechnology in one of the
Korean universities and she told me how the students from other countries are pursuing post
graduate studies in the engineering department of her university on Research scholarships by making
proposals to professors directly by themselves submitting a research proposal.
The author observed how the students from our neighboring countries are thriving in post graduate
research works in the graduate schools in the universities around the world.

I do believe that what Burmese (Myanmar) students are lacking exposure, knowledge and
opportunities and given the information and opportunities, they can strive and this article is to fill the
gap in the former part, i.e. to provide information.
In this article, I will try to discuss a brief discussion of degrees, admissions, graduate schools, and
compile the resources to make the reader informative and make their graduate schools applications
successful. Feel free to forward any Burmese students or professionals.
However the article is solely based on knowledge of author and limited by his research done.
Moreover there will be more biased towards some academic discipline and topics.
Graduate Schools and programs
A graduate education is defined as the education you obtained after 4 years college degree. In some
parts of the world, graduate studies mean studying after college degree and below Master degree. A
post graduate student is a student who is pursuing PhD after his Masters.
However, in this article both graduate and post graduate terms were used interchangeably. Graduate
schools are becoming more and more important in all the universities around the world and graduate
education becomes an entry level education in some professions of science and technology
especially in engineering firms and R&D labs.
Page 1 of 8 Graduate School 101 tutorial for
8/23/2007 http://www.mingalaronline.net/story/graduate2006.htm

61

At the early phases in their careers, an employee or a professional with post graduate education and
another person with merely undergraduate qualification may be offered same positions,
responsibilities, roles and compensations.
Statistics show that after a period of time a post graduate qualification holder may have more
chances of getting promoted and salary rises than a college degree holder. It is not only in science
and engineering but also in other displines: accounting, finance, law and medicine.
If all things being equal, employers and recruiters (gate keepers for jobs and pay check for debts)
prefer MSEE holder to a BSEE holder unless one's MSEE were from Yjoxabc graduate school,
Timbuku University, Republic of Bayarnathi while BSEE is from MIT, Cambridge. In other words,
where do you earn your graduate degree counts as much as what degree do you earn.
While it should be treated with skeptism, Shanghai Jiangton University, London Times Education
supplementary are places to start looking up for global ranking of a university where graduate school
belongs. There are local guides that will give you hints about how universities fare with their peers in
particular country or region.
But it is more difficult and demanding to be one of the top students in a second tier university than a
dog student in a first tier university. It is better to be a straight A+ student from a second tier
university than a grade C- or D+ student from a university with better ranking, higher prestige.
Categories of Graduate Degrees and Admission Criteria
The graduate school normally offers degree leading to M.Sc, S.M, M.S.E.E, M.Eng, Engineer
Degree, M.Phil, Ph.D, D.Sc or D.Eng degrees. Types of degrees offering at the graduate schools and
their prestige differ from country to country.

62
For example in UK, a MSc degree is regarded higher than M.Eng degree. If you apply for M.Sc
degree admission you need 2 years of professional working experience while M.Eng applicants can
be a final year student. Also an M.Eng graduate can't apply for a Ph.D degree whereas a M.Sc degree
is the path for admissions to Ph.D programs. While earning a M.Sc is not the only path towards
admission to a Ph.D program, a good Bachelor degree or a second class honours (lower division)
could be good enough to be slip into a Ph.D program although a Master degree could enhance the
applicant's competitiveness.
Since our Burmese education system does not have this honours categories, we can considered a first
class honours degree can be considered as top 5% (or up to 10% if school is competitive) of
graduating class and second class honours (upper division) is top 10 to 20% of graduating class and
second class honours (lower division) is to be a graduate who stood in top 40 to 50% of its
graduation class. If a person is not good enough to be distinguished better than 50% of class than it is
likely that he may not survive in graduate school and dropping out will be a waste of time, tuition,
energy and ego and a loss for all parties concerned.
Then there are confusing 3 years and 4 years undergraduate college degrees and in general a person
with 3 years college education is not eligible for M.Sc programs or Ph.D programs and it needs
minimum of 4 years college education and degree for pursuing a Master degree. Speaking in terms
of Burmese education system, for a MBBS, BDS and Bachelor of Engineering (B.E)degree holders
are considered to be 4 years education while B.Sc, B.CSc, B.Tech holders are considered to be in 3
years track. Therefore, it is advisable for those with 3 years degrees to earn M.Sc, M.I.Sc or M.C.Sc
before applying reputable Master or PhD degree programs.
The reason is that Basic Education High School (BEHS) system in Burma has 11 grades (11 years
secondary education and Burmese BEHS matriculation certificate can be considered between GCE
(O) and (A) level and therefore although a B.Sc degree requires a student to spend 4 years in college,
it is considered equal to 3 years of college education to compensate 1 year less secondary education
he has compared to peers.
To continue discussion about different titles of graduate degrees and weightage they brings, we will
start from our ASEAN neighbour Singapore, where M.Eng and M.Sc by research degrees are more
prestigious than M.Sc by Coursework degree. In Europe if you pursued an engineering program at a
university (not a university college), then the final degree certificate you earn will be equivalent to a
M.Sc degree in UK and USA systems.
A student pursuing a master program will generally need to accomplish 120 credits after Bolonga
accord which was to standardise and normalise European education systems across continent.
In UK, there is M.Phil degree, which is regarded as more prestigious than M.Sc but and sometimes it
is called M.Sc (Research). In universities in UK, M.Sc by research where you do an independent
research, write a thesis is considered to be academically more rigourous than taught M.Sc or M.Sc
(coursework) where one has to take courses, sit for exams, do projects without writing a thesis.
Everywhere Ph.D degrees need longer years to earn compared to studies leading to M.Sc or M.Eng
degrees.
A PhD candidate/student may or may not need to do a qualifying exam; rigor and demand of Q.E
exam differs across displines and departments even at the same university and for example Q.E at
department of Electrical engineering may be less demanding than a Q.E at Chemical Engineering at
the same university and therefore the quality of PhD graduates may differ. A doctor wanna be must
also fulfill a several coursework modules towards credits and dissertation and several papers in
prestigious journals. A Ph.D program will demand minimum of 3 years and it took average of 4
years in most graduate schools around the world. Some Ph.D students drop out half way of PhD

63
program and they could earn M.Sc degree if they had fulfilled coursework requirements and that is
how some students earned free M.Sc degree in US research universities although very few
scholarships for Master programs, i.e. some students with Ph.D scholarships, drop half way out of
Ph.D candidacy, afterfulfilling coursework requirement for M.Sc, apply for M.Sc degree and there is
a freshly minted M.Sc ready to enter industry educated with tax payer's money from the host
country.

Being not only unethical and it is a clear demonstration of lack of integrity and intellectual capacity
in that person "the scholarship broker", that pattern is being observed to be implicitely practised by a
lot of overseas graduate students with PhD scholarships.
The author believes that keeping one integrity is more important than other aspects of life and
therefore would like to urge to apply for terminal Master programs if one would like to go to
industry instead of academia.
Then there are D.Eng or Doctor of Engineering degrees, a category of Ph.D degree. It is offered in
Tokyo University and UMIST, Manchester in UK and holders of D.Sc claim their degrees are
superior to Ph.D.
In Engineering education, MIT, Cambrige offers S.B, S.M, Engineer and Sc.D degrees.
S.B is considered to be equivalent to BSEE or B.E, S.M is to MSEE or M.Sc while ScD is to Ph.D.
But the a degree with a confusing term is the Engineer degree, it can be considered somewhere
above S.M and below Ph.D at MIT, Cambridge.
To make it more confusing, a engineering graduate with a S.B from MIT, Cambridge is not a
practising professional engineer yet although MIT is undisputed best engineering schools on earth.
He will have to go through Professional Engineer License (PE) exam, professional track different
from academic qualification track. Alternatively he could pursue Engineer degree at MIT which is to
train graduate practising engineers, its degree is considered to be higher than S.M degree from same
university.
At some European countries, a student who already had a Master degree can pursue a professional
Ph.D program by fulfilling some academic requirements (40 credits for example) and an industrial
project accomplishment at a sponsoring company with a dissertation and project report. It should be
noted that earning a Ph.D degree in Civil Engineering or Law may not entitled for a person to be a
professional in some industries in some countries although it may make him easier to pass
professional/licensing exams.

64
To discuss about all about degrees, professional licenses, certificates, qualifications will be beyond
the scope of this article and so we will move on to discuss about admission procedures.
Admission procedure
Domain Knowledge Acquisition
It all depends on the institution one is going to apply. Here I will discuss about how to get admission
to some graduate schools as a research based post graduate scholarship holding student. It is very
important to go for the field what you are keen to learn. Although one has learnt several subjects in
college, he could improve in that field by digging deeper, learning further. Grab a good text and
research papers in that particular field and learn it. Learning new skills will never harm a person and
it equip graduate with skills to compete with peers.
Try to dig deeper in the field you want to do research. For example if one wants to do post graduate
research in Hardware Software Co-design, Multiprocessor design, parallel computing etc.. The best
resources will be the academic journals for researchers such as Elsevier Science, ACM(Association
of Computing Machinery), IEEE proceedings (Proceedings of all subjects are the topics in to explore
more in that field while IEEE spectrum will be for brief overview of all emerging or popular topics
for Electrical and Electronics engineers, etc..

Generally speaking, the core materials in some of the texts published are already established and
those may no longer be worthy of research anymore. One could use trade journals (journals for a
practising professional with full of industry advertisement) in a wise manner. To learn more about a
topic, you can grasp overview from a freely available trade journal, manuals, standards and texts.
Later reading up latest academic journals to find out what are the hottest topics in rearch and what
areas are left to be researched further.
There are Prentice Hall and McGraw Hill text. It is time to unlearn and relearn, another way is to use
search engines look for course web sites posted by professors for their teaching courses at
universities they work.
Download, print out course materials and grasp the whole one semester course and learned together
with reference texts they refer for their courses. MIT's Open Courseware (http://www.ocw.mit.edu)
is recommended.
Try taking exercises. The text is not supposed to be a bed time story but a book to learn seriously.
Try to work out end of chapter lessons then you will be able to gain more from self study. Forming
study groups will be a great idea and group with good students to digest those materials. That will
make your life in graduate school easier.
Graduate school admission should not be taken as gurantee path to graduation ceremony. The author
has observed a lot of graduate school drop outs mainly due to lack of seriousness and bad attitudes.
Not every Ph.D candidate or M.Sc student came out with degree certificates but failed endeavors,

65
loss of time and money and suffering egos.
Do learn to code some programming languages like C, C++ and MATLAB (get installation CDs
from vendors and there are help files and tutorials for self learning).
Use PC based modeling and simulation tools. Simulators can help a learner in academic or
professional field.
Some tool vendors offers student or trial version, students interested in Digital Signal Processing
realizations can use time limited trial offering of simulator software from Texas Instruments. Those
who want to learn VLSI design or mixed signal ASIC design can download some simulator software
like AIMSpice from UC Berkley for circuit simulations.
For those want to learn about Hardware Software Co-design or Co-specification can use SHESim
engine from TU/eindhoven website. Those who are interested in parallel computing can use free
simulators like PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) from MIT, Cambridge. Google to locate urls to
download those software suites.
If you are confident that you have grasped the working knowledge from those easy texts then next
step is to move into texts for graduate studies like some texts from John Wiley & Sons. Check the
preface and check whether the text is for graduate (Master level) senior undergraduate (final year
level) students. If the text was published within 3 years from the day you pick up that then it is not a
bad starting point. My 2 cents advice is to look for books that have been published at least 2 or 3
times, it may contain more readable contents than others.
Patents (especially utility patents) are also a very good resource to learn how a device based on
certain technology works and patents served as knowledge deposit to mine after period of protection
period is over.
You can learn how their device work in certain environment. Although you shouldn't infringe on it
as you will be sued. But for academic purposes, you should know how to use patents as a kind of
resource.
Check out at http://www.uspto.gov/patft/. If you need to buy a full text patents you may need a credit
card to buy online or let someone buy or get on behalf of you and send you the pdf file.
Standards like ISO (International Organization for Standardization), IEC (International Engineering
Consortium http://www.iso.ch), ANSI (American National Standard Institute). Students and
professionals in ICT field can use RFC (Requests for Comments http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html), RFP
(Requests for proposals) are good resources.
All MNCs have access to patents, standards and if you have friends or seniors working there then get
use of them.
English proficiency
Prepare your English; listening, conversation, composition and comprehension skills. Good English
can move you extra miles and lousy communications tarnish your reputation and damage your career
opportunities.

66

The End...

This is a another link available @
http://www.tayzathuria.org.uk/bd/2007/1/28/aks.htm

Even B.Tech programs from NUS are accredited as M.Eng level in UK.
http://btech.eng.nus.edu.sg/admission/faq.html

FYI, URLs About Academic/Profession al Degrees

1. All about Bachelor's degree
http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Bachelor_ degree

1.A. British undergraduate degree classification
http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ British_undergra duate_degree_
classification

2. Master degrees
http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Master_degree

3.PhD degree
http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Doctorate

4.Professional Degrees

4.A.Engineer Degree
http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Engineer% 27s_degree

4.B. LLB/B.A,B.L or Juris Doctor or LLM
http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Juris_Doctor

4.C. MBA degree
http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ MBA


67

Click Here in Burmese (Living Color 2004, June)
http://www.mingalaronline.net/education/livingcolor/graduate.htm

Note:
Author - Aung Kyaw Soe who was graduated from Yangon Institute of Technology as an Engineer.
Then studied Master in Singapore and worked. In 2005, he moved to Oslo, Norway as an embedded
software design engineer job with a Product Design Center of an Oil and Gas company.

68
Banking & Finance Call Centre
Engineering & Technical Healthcare & Life Sciences
Human Resources Information Technology
Logistics & Warehousing Offce Support
Sales, Marketing & Advertising
Singapore
Salary Guide
2007

69
CONTENTS
Banking & Finance ...........................................................................................................2 / 3
Call Centre ........................................................................................................................3 / 4
Engineering & Technical ...................................................................................................5 / 6
Healthcare & Life Sciences ................................................................................................... 7
Human Resources ................................................................................................................. 8
Information Technology ....................................................................................................8 / 9
Logistics & Warehousing ..................................................................................................... 10
Offce Support ..................................................................................................................... 10
Sales, Marketing & Advertising ........................................................................................... 11

70
FOREWORD
We are pleased to present the Kelly Services Annual Singapore Salary Guide 2007. This
year, the guide is supported by the Singapore Human Resources Institute (SHRI).
We saw the need to create a comprehensive reference tool as many companies were
requesting information on current salary trends on a daily basis. The aim of this guide
is to provide a compilation of salaries and job titles across the wide range of industries.
In this new 2007 edition of the Singapore salary guide, we address the upbeat tempo
in the Singapore employment market and report the latest pay rates and new job titles
created. The compiled fndings have been presented in an easy-to-read format for your
reference.
The good news is that the 2007 economy is buoyant and there is robust job creation
in all positions and sectors. The major challenges now are for companies to attract
talent in a competitive market while retaining their current workforce as turnover rates
skyrocketed during the last quarter of 2006. Competitive and attractive salary packages
are one of the components in attracting and retaining quality employees.
We are confdent that this 2007 salary guide from Kelly Services will be a useful
reference tool * in the year ahead. Additionally, we welcome questions you may have
and are always on hand to assist you with current data and support you in developing
recruiting strategies and programmes to suit your specifc business needs.
Best Wishes!
Dhirendra Shantilal
VP & Managing Director, Asia Pacifc
* Please note that the salary ranges in this publication are subject to changes arising from fuctuations in
market and economic conditions.
A copy of this guide can also be found on our website. Visit us at: www.kellyservices.com
KELLY SERVICES SALARY GUIDE 2007 I 1

71
Banking and Finance industry in 2007 will be a year of rapid growth and change. Buoyed by the surge in employment and economic factors in 2006, 2007 will ride a higher
wave in terms of salary increment and performance bonus. For employers, this signifies a chance to explore innovative retention strategies to keep their talents with them in
the year ahead. Management-level movement will remain, while we may see more staff movement at the rank and file level as transactions increase.
Banking Division
BANKING & FINANCE
BANKING SGD SGD
Bank Teller N levels with
CO S / O levels
1-3 Handle high volume of over-the-counter transactions. Assist with
customer enquiries, ensure service delivery standards are met &
actively promote bank products and services.
1300 +
commission +
allowances
1900 +
commission +
allowances
Remittance / Settlement /
Loans Clerk
O / A levels 1-2 Cheque clearance, inward/outward remittances, telegraphic transfer
& demand drafts. Accept & confirm forex deals. Process &
document housing loan applications.
1500 2000
Collection / Debt
Recovery Officer
O levels /
Diploma
1-3 Review collection procedures and ensure diligent debt recovery.
Analyse customers profile & propose viable solutions. Restructure
& negotiate payment. Knowledge in legal/litigation processes &
documentation. Monitor delinquent accounts & collection functions.
1600 2200
Trade Finance Clerk O levels /
Diploma
2-3 Process trade finance products with knowledge of various trade
instruments e.g. Letter of Credit, trade collections & payments,
including the accompanying payment processes.
1900 2600
Bank Operations Officer Degree 0-1 Processing of trade settlements. Back-room admin duties. 1800 + shift
allowance
2600 + shift
allowance
Customer Service Officer Diploma / Degree 2-3 Attend to walk-in customers & follow-up on customer service issues
as well as identify business potential from existing database.
2000 +
commission
2800 +
commission
Mortgage Sales Specialist Diploma / Degree 2-3 Identify prospective customers through lead generation to achieve
desired mortgage and related lending product targets.
2000 +
commission
3000 +
commission
Trade Finance Officer Diploma / Degree 1-2 Supervisory role in the processing of trade finance products. 2200 3000
Personal Financial
Consultant / Personal
Banker
Diploma / Degree 2-3 Provide advice & recommend investment products according to
clients risk profile. Identify business potential from the execution of
sales.
2200 +
commission
3200 +
commission
FX Dealer Diploma / Degree 2-3 Good knowledge of foreign exchange products. Familiar with inter-
bank market transaction. Manage the flow and risk of FX pricing.
To process inter-bank deposit/placement deals, futures, FRAs,
government bills/bonds and foreign exchange.
2500 5000
Compliance Officer Degree 2-3 Ensure interpretation & adherence to all regulatory requirements.
Conduct & review results of compliance surveillance test plans.
Support the implementation and roll-out of compliance-related
initiatives.
2800 3600
Bank Auditor Degree 2-3 Report audit findings, evaluate system effectiveness & assess
procedural deficiencies. Ensure high level of internal control &
system adherence to guard against fraud or procedural non-
compliance.
2800 3800
Settlement Officer Degree 3-5 Settlement of trades (FX/MM), bonds & securities. Liaise with
brokers, counter parties & Fund Managers.
3000 4000
Secretary O / A levels 3-5 Support a team of Senior Managers in travel arrangements &
meetings.
2600 4000
Senior Secretary Diploma Min 6 Support Heads of Department or top-level Executives. Travel
arrangements, report preparations and scheduling of Manager(s)
schedule. Taking of minutes and other secretarial duties.
4000 6000
Securities / Equities Dealer Degree Holder 3-5 Support relevant teams and responsible for executing global
equities, fixed income and structured products through brokers.
Update market information. To work closely with operations staff to
resolve trade discrepancies.
3500 6000
FINANCE
Accounts Clerk O levels /
Certificate
1-3 Balance expenses, data entry & basic accounts support. Filing,
photocopying, faxing & other admin duties.
1500 1800
2 I KELLY SERVICES SALARY GUIDE 2007

72
CALL CENTRE
BANKING & FINANCE
Call Centre industry continues to grow phenomenally across Asia-Pacific. Both local and MNCs are investing heavily in Call Centres driven by high ROI. Call Centre agents
are in high demand due to their value as key contact points for businesses and thus serve as a revenue generating unit. The industry service standard has been raised
tremendously over the years as Call Centre Agents are expected to project the professional corporate image. They need to provide one-stop service to customers, so they are
intensively trained to cross-sell all products for the companies. There is also an anticipated growth in demand for foreign talent due to multi-lingual skills requirements.
Call Centre Division
Sales Outbound /
Telemarketer (entry level)
O / A levels 0-1 Responsible for setting up appointments & sales. Handle outbound
calls for selling a product or service, typically with respect to
quotas or sales goals. May be responsible for specific accounts or
geography.
1500 +
commission
1800 +
commission
Sales Outbound /
Telemarketer (experienced)
A levels /
Diploma
2-3 Responsible for setting up appointments & sales. Handle outbound
calls for selling products or services, typically with respect to quotas
or sales goals. May handle specific accounts or geography. Typically
handle key accounts & more difficult situations. To lead, teach, guide
and/or motivate teams through the call process if necessary.
1800 +
commission
2500 +
commission
Customer Service Officer
Inbound (entry level)
O / A levels /
Diploma
0-1 To handle incoming calls (orders, inquiries, complaints) and direct
calls for further problem resolution.
1500 +
allowances
1800 +
allowances
Payroll Clerk O levels / LCCI 1-2 Calculate & prepare payroll, taking into account overtime &
deductions such as tax, CPF, insurance payments, etc.
1400 2000
Credit Control Clerk O levels /
Diploma
1-2 Manage accounts receivables. Prepare reports of loans and
accounts that are delinquent and forward reports for legal action.
1500 1800
Accounts Assistant O levels /
Certificate
1-3 Record & compile summaries of organisations financial transactions
for management purposes. Assist in full set of accounts.
1700 2400
Credit Control Officer Diploma / Degree 2-4 Contact customers. Send follow-up inquiries. Negotiate with past
due accounts for debt recovery.
1800 3000
Accounts Supervisor LCCI Higher /
Diploma /
Professional
Certificate
2-4 Supervise full set of accounts. Assist in the analysis of financial
statements & year-end closing/audits.
2300 3600
Accounts Payable Manager Degree 5-6 Ensure timely payment of vendor invoices, expense vouchers &
maintain accurate control reports. Staff management.
2800 4200
Financial Analyst Degree 2-3 Report & analyse financial & operating data. 3000 4500
Credit Control Manager Diploma / Degree 4-6 Determine credit worthiness of clients. Formulate credit & collection
policy. Negotiate with past due accounts. Take appropriate action
against delinquent accounts. Supervisory duties.
3200 5500
Auditor Degree /
Professional
Certification
2-4 Ensure authenticity & accuracy of financial statements, especially
assets & liabilities. Analyse samples of work done & conduct
procedural interviews.
3000 4800
Accountant Degree /
Professional
Certification
4-5 In-charge of general accounting that involves the preparation
of statistical data & financial reports concerning profits, cash &
inventory. Analyse, report & provide advice on financial dealings or
organisations/individuals. Advise on associated record-keeping &
compliance requirements.
4000 6500
Finance Manager Degree 6-7 Prepare financial reports, i.e. income, expenses, capital usage
& cash-flow. Preparation of strategic plans, budgets & financial
forecasts. Develop accounting and management policies &
procedures.
5500 8500
Administrator Diploma / Degree 3-5 Contribute to the smooth and efficient operations of the office by
undertaking all of the day-to-day office administration functions.
Support teams and provide basic support roles to secretaries.
2600 3800
Office Manager Diploma Min 6 To ensure operations run smoothly. Vendor management, basic
procurement of office supplies, general HR duties, reconciliations,
report preparations and general administration.
3800 4500

73
JAPANESE
Customer Service
Representative
Degree - To handle incoming calls (orders, enquiries, complaints) and direct
calls for further problem resolution. To lead, guide and/or motivate
teams through the call process if necessary.
2700 +
allowance
3800 +
allowance
Helpdesk Analyst Degree - Responsible for providing high level technical support and training
for client applications. Assist in the resolutions of client technical
problems and/or apply real time solutions.
2800 +
allowance
4000 +
allowance
Sales Outbound /
Telemarketer
Degree - Handle outbound calls for selling a product or service, typically with
respect to quotas or sales goals. Qualify prospects and produce
quality leads.
2700 +
commission
3200 +
commission
Team Leader / Supervisor Degree - Oversee team of agents. Motivate team, roster planning & handle
staffing issues such as disciplinary & performance counselling.
4000 6000
KOREAN
Customer Service
Representative
2500 +
allowance
3500 +
allowance
for client applications. Assist in the resolution on client technical
problems and/or apply real time solutions.
2800 +
allowance
4000 +
allowance
Sales Outbound /
Telemarketer
quality leads.
2500 +
commission
3000 +
commission
3800 5500
OTHER LANGUAGES
Customer Service
Representative
2000 +
allowance
2700 +
allowance
for client applications. Assist in the resolution of client technical
problems and/or apply real-time solutions.
2300 +
allowance
3200 +
allowance
Sales Outbound /
Telemarketer
quality leads.
1800 +
commission
2500 +
commission
3000 4000
CALL CENTRE
NATIVE-SPEAKING POSITIONS - CALL CENTRE
Customer Service Officer
Inbound (experienced)
Diploma / Degree 1-2 Handle incoming calls (orders, inquiries, complaints) and direct calls
for further problem resolution. To handle larger clients or 1
st
level
escalation. To lead, teach, guide and/or motivate teams through the
call process if necessary.
1600 +
allowances
2200 +
allowances
Helpdesk A levels /
Diploma
1-2 To screen and/or service requests, compile problem reports &
provide solutions to complex issues as required.
1800 +
allowances
2300 +
allowances
Call Centre Supervisor /
Team Leader
Diploma / Degree 2-3 Oversee team of junior & senior officers. Motivate team, roster
planning & handle staffing issues such as disciplinary & performance
counselling.

2800 3500
Call Centre Trainer Diploma / Degree 2-3 Work with HR & Call Centre Manager to provide training on
systems, procedures & product knowledge. Facilitate & plan training
schedules.
3000 4500
Operations Manager Diploma / Degree 3-4 Oversee all aspects of operations. Report to Call Centre Manager.
Handle internal inquiries & divisional operations.
3800 5000
Call Centre Manager / Head Degree 3-4 Implement service strategies. Oversee daily operations as well as
marketing, sales & IT. Ensure service levels are met. Plan workflow
& structure. Solve escalated complaints. Motivate & lead teams.
Work with HR to assist in recruiting, staff appraisals & training. Good
project management skills.
5000 10000

74
ENGINEERING & TECHNICAL
Engineering Director PHD/MSc/MBA > 10 R&D, design and patent for company products. Oversee and lead
entire engineering teams (QA, R&D, Design, Failure Analysis) to
success. Master Black Belt holder. Financial management.
10000 15000
Engineering Manager PHD/MSc/MBA
Degree
> 10 R&D, design and patent for company products. Lead entire enginee-
ring team R&D, QA, Lead and oversee engineering team. Master
Black Belt/Black Belt holder. Conduct induction training. Products
development.
10000 15000
Procurement Manager MSc/Degree > 8 Strategic sourcing of suppliers and materials. Proficient in mechani-
cal, electrical, electronics parts. >50% travel.
8000 12000
Embedded System/Design
Principal Engineer
MSc/Degree > 8 R&D and product development & design in embedded system archi-
tecture design, programming and project management. Proficient in
C/C++ programming and porting of Standard C program to TI DSP
and Intel XScale architecture. Knowledge of Unix/Linux systems ar-
chitecture, TCP/IP networking, data communications and information
surveillance security.
8000 10000
Planning Manager MSc/MBA >3 Operations management in engineering/manufacturing. Execute and
roll out plans.
6000 9000
Material Manager MSc/Degree 5-8 Generate clear-to-build quantity plan based on orders. Expedite with
buyers on material shortages & ensure availability. Monitor inventory
performance to meet goals set.
6000 10000
Lead Supplier Development
Engineer
MSc/Degree 3-5 Lead a team of Supplier Development Engineer. Knowledge in
Supply Chain and Sheet Metal, Castings, Cable Assembly, Hardware,
PCB for telecommunication, computers, video/audio/entertainment,
industrial control equipment, testing and instrumentation, medical
devices and products. Knowledge of quality management, CQE and
ISO 9000. Lead Assessor
5000 8000
Senior Design Engineer
(Automation)
Degree >5 Design & develop machine & pneumatic control, handlers for lead
frame / PCB / CPU test equipment industries. Knowledge of ProE,
DOE, DFMEA, FMEA, UPH simulation and structure. Prepare design
proposal.
5000 7000
Regional Marketing/ Sales
Manager
Degree/ Diploma 5-8 sales and marketing experience in electronics, components, ICs /
Pumps & Valves / HVAC industry
5000 8000
Program Manager Degree/ Diploma 5-8 Plan and introduce products regionally and internationally. 3rd lan-
guage (Japanese/Korean) a must. Business development managing
and planning. Channel building.
5000 8000
Project Manager Degree/ Diploma 5-8 Projects execution in Oil & Gas, Petrochemical, Chemical, Civil &
Structural, Solar, Energy, Wastewater treatment industry. Electrical
& electronics system design & integration, troubleshooting, testing,
installation and commissioning. Hands on experience in energy,
water, infrastructure, solar, inverters, battery, UPS, diesel generators,
power system.
4500 7000
Industrial/ Capacity Engineer Degree / Diploma 5-8 Planning of production floor layout to enable efficient process &
material flow. Implement low cost manufacturing.
4000 7000
Electrical Design Engineer Degree/Diploma 3-5 Design of electrical diagrams for upgrades or modifications. Design
machine control systems and panels. Experience with AutoCad, PLC,
SCADA. Proficient in solar, inverters, battery, UPS, generators, power
automation system.
3000 5000
Mechanical Design Engi-
neers
Degree/Diploma 3-5 Jig & Fixture design. Hands on experience in automation design &
mechanical integration in semiconductor & harddisk drive industries.
Dimensioning controls.AutoCad 2D/3D, Inventor/Solid Works
3000 5000
PCB Design Engineer Degree/Diploma 3-5 Proficient in Mentor Graphic, Orcad, Cadence, Protel, PAD, Zuken,
CADSTAR. Strong knowledge in PCB fabrication fundamentals and
principles with R&D experience.
3000 5000
The outlook for 2007 in the Engineering sector looks promising with many prominent MNCs setting up new operations in Singapore. The Electronics Industry will remain the
Number 1 employer followed by the Chemicals Industry. The demand for engineers is expected to be higher than 2006. The challenge for the employers is to compete with
other companies in attracting these talents and retain them.
Kelly Engineering Resources

75
Project Engineer Degree/Diploma 3-5 Engineering projects execution. Electrical & electronics system desi-
gn & integration, troubleshooting, testing, installation and commissio-
ning. Hands on experience preferable in solar PV, servicing inverters,
battery chargers, UPS, diesel generators, and/or other power system
components.
3000 5000
Manufacturing Supervisor Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Liaise with operators, line leaders & other supporting departments to
carry out production/manufacturing operations & projects. Monitor &
coordinate machines installation setup. Monitor production issues to
ensure targets are met & quality issues minimized.
3000 5000
Firmware/ Software Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Strong in Wireless, RF, 2G/3G, WCDMA, CDMA, GSM, GPRS, WIFI,
WIMAX cellular, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA, Embedded Software deve-
lopment (C, Assembly language in Windows, Linux or VxWorks).
3000 5000
Piping Design Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Piping design for Oil & Gas, Water/Wastewater Treatment, Chemical,
Energy.
3000 5000
Field Application Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Failure analysis locally or overseas. Provide technical support. 3000 5000
Systems Design Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Product development support/system level design/ failure analysis. 3000 5000
Development Engineer Degree / Diploma 3-5 Product design, building automation or HVACR, electro-mechanical
systems, and modules. Familiarity with 2D & 3D-CAD system. Hands-
on experience in engineering drawing, part assembly, machining,
electro-mechanical system. Testing & commissioning.
3000 5000
Service Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Technical servicing, support, enquiries for customers onsite locally &
regionally. Resolve technical & quality issues
3000 5000
Production Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 To be assigned plants in the areas of productivity improvement, pro-
cess efficiencies, cost reduction and facility layout. Manages all as-
pects of the development and implementation of production projects.
Prepare cost analysis for project evaluation for COO, Regional VP,
GMO and plant management. Maintain an up-to-date knowledge of
related machinery and equipment for possible operation applications
and assist plants in machinery and equipment specification. Monitor
assigned plants compliance to policies and procedures.
3000 5000
Equipment Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Provide sales & service to local & international customers. Prepare
quotation, presentation material, sales analysis report, customer
complaints report, etc.
2800 4500
Sales Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Provide sales & service to local & international customers. Prepare
quotation, presentation material, sales analysis report, customer
complaints report, etc.
2800 4500
QA Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Plan and direct activities in development, application and mainte-
nance of quality standards. Monitor and maintain Quality Assurance
activity exp with CE, FDA, ISO13485, ISO16949.
2800 4500
Electrical & Instrumentation/
Control Engineer
Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Design and modification of E&I equipments/machines. Proficient in
PLC, SCADA, DCS hardware & software. Power electrical circuit
design. Well versed in AC, stepper & servo motors. Multi-axis matrix
positioning controls knowledge
2800 4500
Mechanical Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Strong analytical skills in design process. Proficient in Pro-E CAD
modeling skills.
2800 4500
Process Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 To develop process for new products & improve product process for
current products. Knowledge of SPC, DOE & FMEA.
2800 4500
Electrical Engineer Degree/Diploma 3-5 Design of electrical diagrams for upgrades or modifications. Design
machine control systems and panels. Experience with AutoCad.
2800 4500
Planner Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Regularly schedule/plan production. Plan production manufacturing
loadings include work in process and ship dates to meet customer
demands. Responds to customer inquiries. Works on related projects
and/or assignments as required.
2800 4000
ENGINEERING & TECHNICAL

76
HEALTHCARE & LIFE SCIENCES
In the Healthcare and Life Sciences sector, the hiring expectations for 2007 have increased substantially. In order to attract and retain the talent required, employers are aware
that they will need to increase remuneration packages. Bonuses are generally higher as well, as employers place emphasis on talent retention.
Kelly Scientific Resources
Regional Business
Development Director -
Pharmaceutical
BS/MS Degree
in Chemistry
or Chemical
Engineering and
an MBA
5-7 Identify and deliver business alliances/acquisitions consistent with
strategic business development plans. Drive Pharmaceutical end-
use strategy.
13000 15000
Quality Auditor BS Degree in Life
Sciences
4-10 Conduct cGMP audits of third-party vendors. Communicate critical
cGMP findings and perform for cause audits as requested by
quality operations.
8500 9500
Manager - Quality
Assurance
MS Degree in
Biochemistry,
Microbiology,
Pharmacy
5-7 Exposure to Quality Assurance requirements as per local and
international regulatory norms and experience in handling Biotech
related Quality Assurance. Exposure to international regulatory
audits of US FDA.
7000 8000
Product Manager BS Degree in Life
Sciences
4-8 Initiate and co-ordinate strong and creative marketing plans to
achieve sales target of each product portfolio.
6500 8500
Clinical Site Manager BS Degree in
Life Sciences,
Pharmacy, Nursing
3-5 Monitor the progress of assigned Investigator sites by maintaining
close contact with site personnel and site monitors. Coordinate data
management activities.
6000 8000
Analytical Chemist Bachelor of Applied
Science
8-10 Review all validation protocol; supervise a group of laboratory
personnel. Knowledge of HACCP.
6000 7000
Technical Sales Support /
Account Manager
BS Degree in
Microbiology,
Biochemistry or
Pharmacology
2-5 Technical service and support of customers and account
management. Implement strategy for product end use.
5000 8000
Sales Account Manager BS Degree in
Food Technology,
Chemistry
5-6 Identify potential customers by building an internal and external
network, market research and commercial contacts. Propose
solutions for the needs of customers.
5000 7000
Regulatory Affairs Manager BS Degree
in Pharmacy/
Pharmacology.
Registered with
the Singapore
Pharmacy Board
2-3 Includes the full spectrum of Pharmaceutical product registration
services. Adhere to requirements of HSA and other regulatory
bodies.
4000 5000
Regional Head QA - APAC,
ME & Africa
Pharmacy,Biology
or Chemistry degree
8-10 Develop QA organisation and increase QA and compliance
awareness.
10000 15000
Regional Director -
Global Regulatory Sciences
Ph.D or MD, Health
Sciences
5-6 Implement regulatory strategies & file plans for developement and
life-cycle products.
10000 15000
Clinical Data Manager Degree in Life
Sciences, Pharmacy
or Nursing
3-5 Data management activities related to clinical trials. 4500

6000
Dairy End - Use Manager Graduate in Food,
Science and
Technology
5-6 Sales & Marketing of dairy. 8000 11000
Medical Relationship
Manager
Degree in
Science,Nursing or
Medicine
3-4 Develop & manage a network of key opinion leaders. 5500

7000
Laboratory Manager BS in Medical
Technology, MT
(ASCP) certification
5-6 Manage daily operations of the laboratory. 5000

7000
Medical Technologist BS in Medical
Technology
2-3 Perform all manual & automated testing. 2300 3500
Research Officers Degree in Chemistry 2-3 Synthesis of functional dyes and semi-conductors. 2500 3500

77
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
We saw a surge in IT salaries in 2005 of about 8-10% over the previous year and this was a direct result of an economic turnaround. 2006 was a good year in general for IT
employment with more IT jobs and lesser unemployment. However in 2006 the salary increase was almost flat. Rising employee cost was kept in check partly due to a good
supply of IT manpower from overseas and this has allowed Singapore to remain competitive as a business destination for more companies. Though permanent employment
remained popular in 2006 for IT workers, contract or project based employment has gained momentum and has found favour with employers who like the flexibility as well
as IT professionals who seek new challenges and exposure. The newly introduced Personal Employment Pass scheme should also help make contracting a more popular
option for IT workers.
Kelly IT Resources
Helpdesk Analyst Degree / Diploma 1-3 Remotely troubleshoot problems through email/telephone by taking
over the control users terminals via LAN/WAN connections. Plan,
coordinate & support business processes, systems & end-users.
Handle phone-in & escalation of problems.
2200 3500
Analyst Programmer /
Software Engineer
Degree / Diploma 2-5 Design, code & test programmes to support application systems
development plan.
3000 5000
Systems / Network
Administrator
Degree 2-5 Administer & operate LAN & WAN networks, system management &
hardware support.
3500 5500
Business / Systems Analyst Degree 3-5 Perform systems feasibility studies, analysis & design. Translate
business rules and requirements into system specs. Work closely
with Engineers &Technical Support to resolve customer issues.
Provide technical application support to users.
4000 6000
Database Administrator Degree 3-7 Responsible for administration & technical maintenance of the
companys distributed database system.
4000 8000
Technical Consultant Degree 3-6 Track problems & changes. Continuity of ownership &
documentation of IT operational problems from occurrence to
resolution, including post-resolution analysis. Provide solutions to
IT-related service problems.
4000 7000
Software QA/Test Analyst Degree 3-5 Testing, certifying, auditing software products. 3500 6000
Applications Consultant Degree 5-8 To provide functional or technical consulting on the implementation
of software applications including ERP, CRM, SCM, PLM, etc. Must
have relevant domain knowledge in order to map processes to
applications and vice versa.
5000 10000
HUMAN RESOURCES
HR Clerk / Assistant
O levels /
Certificate
1-2 General HR admin duties. Maintenance of leave/medical records.
Coordinate interviews.
1500 1800
HR Officer / Executive
Diploma / Degree 3-6 Active screening & recruitment of staff. Coordinate recruitment ads.
Ensure consistent benefits & compensation practice.
2400 4000
Training Executive
Diploma / Degree 2-5 Conduct company training programmes. Knowledgeable of
commonly used concepts, practices & procedures. Source for
external trainers.
2400 4500
Training Manager
Degree 5-6 Design, plan & implement training programmes; policies &
procedures; and career development programmes.
4200 5800
HR Manager
Diploma / Degree 6-10 Design, plan & implement HR policies & procedures. In-charge
of recruitment, salary & staff benefits. Performance evaluation.
Determine & enforce government regulations. Supervise team of HR
executives.
5500 8000
HR has increasingly played a more strategic and business partner role in organizations. Retention, career development, competitive compensation and benefits are some of
the areas critical to many organizations today for attracting and retaining good talent. Through this dynamic evolution, we will see greater opportunities for HR practitioners in
the attraction, retention and development areas. All HR practitioners will need to strengthen their knowledge particularly in these fields.

78
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Data-warehousing
Consultant
Degree 3-8 To develop data-mining techniques, database architecture &
production support. Assist administrators and developers.
4500 8000
IT Manager Degree 5-10 Oversee the smooth running of IT systems. Troubleshoot & assist
the organisation in any IT matters or problems. Good knowledge of
new IT developments in the required fields.
6000 10000
Project Manager Degree 4 Plan, direct & execute project management activities for an
area/division. Monitor progress against schedule & project budget.
Allocate appropriate resources to deliver project results. Interface
between project delivery team and end-users.
6000 10000
Inside Sales Representative Degree / Higher
Diploma
3-5 To identify leads and generate sales using telephony and internet
technologies.
3500 +
commission
6000 +
commission
Pre-sales Consultant Degree 3-5 Help in the sales of IT products or services by providing technical
support, product demonstration to customers, RFP participation and
solution architecting.
5000 +
commission
8000 +
commission
Account Manager/
Sales Manager
Degree 5 Able to build & grow sales for an IT product or services company
over a given geography or industry vertical and exceed sales
quotas. Identify, qualify & close sales opportunities through
prospecting & cross marketing of IT products and services to
existing & new customers.
6000 +
commission
10000 +
commission
Security Consultant Degree 5-7 Technical consultant specialising in IT security technology. Conducts
application and system security health-checks, risk assessment,
identity & firewall management.
5000 + 8000 +
IT Auditor Degree 5-7 Planning and executing of audits of information systems, platforms
and operating procedures, fraud management.
5000 8000
Marketing Manager Degree 5-7 Performs a combination of marketing functions such as channel
or product marketing, strategy & business planning, advertising
& promotions, lead generation, event management, integrated
marketing communications, public relations & corporate
communications, market analysis & reporting.
7000 10000
Solutions Architect Degree 5-10 Provides pre and post sales support in an IT vendor environment
by developing the technical architecture and design of systems
or applications. Provide technical leadership and subject matter
expertise in various stages of the sales and project delivery lifecycle.
7000 10000
Web Server Administrator Degree 3-6 A good understanding of Web-based applications with strong Unix/
Windows Operating Systems and scripting skills. Technical support
of Web/Application servers such as Apache/TomCat/WebSphere/
Weblogic/SunONE, etc.
3500 6000 +
Storage Consultant Degree 3-7 Provides subject matter expertise and technical support on
hardware/software requirements of storage products including SAN,
NAS, Backup and Recovery, Capacity planning/application sizing,
Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery, Operating Systems
Administration.
5000 + 10000 +

79
LOGISTICS & WAREHOUSING
OFFICE SUPPORT
Warehouse / Store Assistant /
Operations Assistant
O / N levels 1-3 Basic warehouse operations. Receiving, picking & packing duties. 1100 1500
Shipping Assistant
O levels /
Certificate
1-3 Prepare shipping documentation. Knowledge of LC/BL. Ensure
smooth delivery & handle customers enquires. Verification of freight
invoices, cycle count, etc.

1300 1800
Warehouse Supervisor
O / N levels 3-5 Manage warehouse operations. Receive, issue, pick & pack. Ensure
timely shipment.
1700 2300
Operations Executive
Diploma /
Degree
2-3 Manage warehouse operations & ensure proper documentation.
Plan cargo schedules. Inventory control/management and
reconciliation of suppliers invoices.
2200 2800
Shipping Supervisor
Diploma /
Degree
4-5 Organise receiving & issuing of goods. Manage shipping operations
& ensure proper documentation. Ensure quantity & quality of goods.
1800 2400
Warehouse Manager
Diploma /
Degree
4-5 Plan for efficient storage & systematic retrieval. Manage all
warehouse activities. Proper upkeep of the store and warehouse.
Identify reliable and cost efficient freight forwarders.
3500 5000
Distribution Manager
Degree 6-7 Manage ordering & distribution of goods. Ensure timely deliveries to
maximise sales. Liaise with the forwarder on the timing of arrival of
goods.
4500 6000
2007 will see an increasing trend in hiring capable and well-rounded personnel who can handle receptionist, administrator and basic accounting responsiblities. There has
been a great demand in talents like Secretaries, Office Coordinators and Personal Assistants who can handle a diverse portfolio and be an active participant in the companys
growth.
International Plaza Branch
Data Entry Clerk N / O levels /
Certificate
1-2 Data entry. Processing & transmission of data. 1350 1600
Security Officer O / A levels 3-4 Protect property against fire, theft & illegal entry. Make routine
periodic tours around buildings & grounds. Check visitors for proper
identification & clearance.
1300 1800
Dispatch cum Office Boy N / O levels 1-2 Mail delivery & collection. Motorbike & licence required. Run simple
errands.
1200 1500
Receptionist / Front Office
Assistant
N / O levels /
Certificate
1-3 Receive customers. Attend to phone calls. Admin duties. 1400 1800
Personal Driver N / O levels 2-3 Chauffeur high-ranking management or visitors. Run errands. Good
driving record.
1500 +
Allowances
2000 +
Allowances
Administrative Clerk /
Coordinator
N / O levels /
Certificate
1-3 Sort & distribute mail. Prepare simple business correspondence &
reports. Attend to telephone enquiries & visitors. Filing.

1500 1800
Secretary PSC / Diploma 2-4 Schedule appointments, travel arrangements & attend to callers.
Dictation. Relieve officials of clerical work & administrative duties.
2200 3000
Executive Secretary PSC / Diploma 3-5 Support senior management. Take minutes of meetings. Execute
routine secretarial assignments.
3000 4500
Administration /
Office Manager
Diploma /
Degree
4-6 Responsible for office administration & management, i.e. human
resources, office lease, property facilities & records. Assigning
work to other clerical employees & ensuring conformance to office
policies.
3700 5500
Logistics continue to be a key success factor for a company to gain competitive advantage. There is potential growth for 3PLs as more companies move towards out-sourcing
this function in anticipation of cost and time reduction and increased geographical coverage. The challenges for Logistics companies are to attract, manage and groom talents
who will drive growth in this competitive and growing market.
Jurong Branch

80
SALES, MARKETING & ADVERTISING
Human capital creates and sustains a competitive edge for businesses. Finding the right talent is the biggest challenge most industries face. With a shrinking pool of skilled
workforce, companies are spending comprehensive amount of time and effort on the hiring, training and retention process. Developing human capital has become an almost
full-time job of managers. Due to this workforce reality, companies are now moving towards outsourcing the various aspects of talent management expertise.
North Branch
Promoter / Retail Assistant O / N levels 1-2 Front line. Counter sales. Promote products in store. 1400 1600
Sales Coordinator O / N levels 2-3 Coordinate client leads & customer sales. Process sales orders. 1600 2000
Market Researcher Diploma / Degree 2-4 Collect & analyse information to assist in marketing. 2000 2600
Customer Service Executive Diploma / Degree 2-3 Attend to customer enquiries. Service existing customers & their
needs. Visit customers when necessary.
2400 3000
Marketing Executive Diploma / Degree 2-4 Marketing of new or existing products and services. Collate market
trends for product development. Liaise with ad agencies & suppliers.
Production of marketing materials.
2400 3000
Brand / Product Manager Higher Diploma /
Degree
3-4 Conceptualise & execute activities for brand positioning. Determine
product pricing. Maintain & direct products image in the market.
3000 4000
Sales Executive Diploma / Degree 2-3 Lead generation. Sell products & services. Prepare & submit
proposals.
2800 3500
Advertising Manager Diploma / Degree 4-5 Develop companys advertising strategy according to brand/product/
corporate policies. Liaise with advertising agencies.
3500 4200
Marketing Manager Higher Diploma /
Degree
4-5 Actively plan and implement marketing initiatives. Ensure that all
marketing plans are executed.
4500 6000
PR Manager Degree 4-6 Plan & develop communication strategies. Promote complete
information flow within the organisation & build positive media &
public relations.
4500 6000
Sales Manager Degree 5-7 Plan & manage business strategies. Meet sales targets & quotas.
Develop consulting service/product according to market needs.
Coordinate activities of sales team. Monitor budget achievement.
Prepare forecasts.
5000 7000

81
About Kelly Services
Kelly Services, Inc. is a Fortune 500 global company with 60 years experience
in offering staffng solutions that include temporary staffng services, staff
leasing, outsourcing, vendor on-site and full-time placement. Kelly owns and
operates a network of offces across Asia Pacifc, Europe and the Americas.
For more information, visit www.kellyservices.com
A Company of Specialists in Singapore
Kelly Services has constantly evolved to meet the changing needs of the
workplace across various industries;
Banking & Finance Call Centre Engineering
Exhibition & Promotions Healthcare Hospitality
Industrial Information Technology
Marketing & Retail Offce Scientifc
About Kelly Information Technology Resources
Kelly IT Resources is a leading provider of staffng solutions and services

to the technology sector. Our services include executive search,
advertised selection, permanent and contract IT recruitment. We are a
part of Kelly Services, a Fortune 500-listed company and a global staffng
industry leader with offces across Asia Pacifc, Europe and America.
For more information, visit www.kellyit.com
About Kelly Engineering Resources
Kelly Engineering Resources, a business unit of Kelly Services, has for more
than 40 years focused on providing staffng and placement services to a
broad spectrum of industries, including aerospace, civil/structural, chemical,
electrical/Instrumentation, electronics, environmental, facilities and plant
maintenance, manufacturing, marine, mechanical petroleum, pharmaceutical,
quality and telecommunications.
Kelly Engineering Resources offers specialised staffng services, including
permanent, contract, temporary, onsite and outsourcing.
For more information, visit www.kellyengineering.com
About Kelly Scientifc Resources
Kelly Scientifc Resources is a highly specialised business unit of Kelly

Services. Kelly Scientifc Resources leads the world in dedicated scientifc
and clinical research staffng, providing a full range of scientifc specialists
from entry level to Ph.D. Our staff of scientists provides scientifc staffng to
a broad spectrum of industries, including: chemical, cosmetics, food science
pharmaceutical, biomedical, consumer products, environmental, medical,
clinical, petrochemical, and clinical research. Kelly Scientifc Resources
recruitment services include permanent placement, executive search,
temporary recruitment, temporary to permanent placement, customised
consulting or contract services, outsourcing and onsite management.
For more information, visit www.kellyscientifc.com

82
Banking & Finance Branch
10 Anson Road #33-08 International Plaza
Singapore 079903
Tel: (65) 6223 3362 Fax: (65) 6222 3433
Email: banking@kellyservices.com.sg
Call Centre Staffng Branch
Singapore 079903
Tel: (65) 6221 1268 Fax: (65) 6221 1262
Email: callcentre@kellyservices.com.sg
Career Centre
Temasek Polytechnic School of Business
Level 3 21 Tampines Avenue 1 Singapore 529757
Tel: (65) 6260 0200 Fax: (65) 6260 0233
Email: kscc@kellyservices.com.sg
International Plaza Branch
Singapore 079903
Tel: (65) 6223 3362 Fax: (65) 6222 3433
Email: ip@kellyservices.com.sg
Jurong Branch
21 Jurong East Street 13 #03-09/10
CPF Jurong Building Singapore 609646
Tel: (65) 6665 0650 Fax: (65) 6665 0885
Email: jurong@kellyservices.com.sg
North Branch
490 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh #03-13 HDB Hub
Singapore 310490
Tel: (65) 6738 3455 Fax: (65) 6738 3255
Email: north@kellyservices.com.sg
Key Accounts Staffng Branch
Singapore 079903
Tel: (65) 6226 3113 Fax: (65) 6226 1788
Email: keyaccounts@kellyservices.com.sg
2007 Kelly Services

012007
Tampines Branch
5 Tampines Central 6 #01-06 Telepark
Singapore 529482
Tel: (65) 6260 0220 Fax: (65) 6260 0660
Email: tampines@kellyservices.com.sg
Kelly IT Resources
7 Temasek Boulevard #27-01A
Suntec Tower 1 Singapore 038987
Tel: (65) 6337 3900 Fax: (65) 6337 1950
Email: info@kellyit.com.sg
Kelly Selection
Singapore 079903
Tel: (65) 6227 2251 Fax: (65) 6222 3433
Email: kellyselection@kellyservices.com.sg
Kelly Scientifc Resources
Tel: (65) 6334 9393 Fax: (65) 6337 1950
Email: info@kellyscientifc.com.sg
Kelly Engineering Resources
21 Jurong East Street 13 #03-09/10
CPF Jurong Building Singapore 609646
Tel: (65) 6665 0650 Fax: (65) 6665 0885
Tel: (65) 6337 3900 Fax: (65) 6337 1950
Email: info@kellyengineering.com.sg
BTI Consultants Pte Ltd
9 Temasek Boulevard #23-01
Tel : (65) 6334 9393 Fax : (65) 6238 7859
Email : btisin@bticonsultants.com
Supported by
www.kellyservices.com

83
Expatriates in Singapore

Website and Magazine of Expat. www.theexpat.com

By candid view, Myanmar (Burma) is changing!! (May-2002)
Most of Burmese working aboard are unfortunately, not an expatriates in respective country.
Burmese aboard might be future Democracy Myanmar (Burma) expatriates.
=====================================
Magazine survey of affluent foreigners in Singapore straits Times (2000 Oct) by ANDY HO
AFFLUENT foreigners here earn an average of $18,000 a month. Collectively, they rake in $222
million each month. If these expatriates spend just 20 per cent of their income on leisure activities
and restaurant bills, that would pump a cool $44
million a month into the local economy.
And if the expatriates who responded to a survey
commissioned by The Expat magazine are
anything to go by, they may well be doing so.In a
survey of 500 expatriates from September to
October 2001, the local monthly found that 46 per
cent of the 200 respondents earned more than
$20,000 a month. Only 14 per cent were on local
remuneration packages, earning between $5000
and $10,0000 a month.

The point is expatriates clearly earn a lot of
money in Singapore. And they are not afraid to
spend it.
"This is a great market niche for anyone who offers products or services within their realm." Where
do their dollars go"? For 85 per cent of them, dining out is their favorite leisure activity, with Grand
Hyatt Hotel's Mezza and the French restaurant, Les Amis, ranking high on their list of popular
places. Almost two-thirds go pub-crawling at least once a week. Harry's and Raffles" Long Bar are
their favorites. And like most Singaporeans, a sizable portion 64 per cent enjoy shopping. Cold
Storage super market is the favorite haunt of 92 per cent. Mobile phone is very popular with
expatriates.
=====================================
LICK OUT foreign talent and Singapore's economic growth will be about20 per cent less than what
it is, said Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew, citing a study by four 'high-powered'

Foreign talent boosted GDP by 20% in last
decade: SM Lee He cites the figure from a Trade
and Industry Ministry study to illustrate the
importance of retaining foreign workers KICK
OUT foreign talent and Singapore's economic
growth will be about 20 per cent less than what it
is, said Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew, citing a
study by four 'high-powered' economists with the
Trade and Industry Ministry. 'They calculated our
GDP growth over the last decade - what it would
have been with foreign workers and without
foreign workers. And there was a difference of
Page 1 of 3 New Page 1
8/22/2007 http://www.mingalaronline.net/story/expatriates_singapore.htm

84
over 20 per cent in GDP growth,' he said. He
could not cite the exact figure because he did not have the study with him, he said at a press
conference in Tampines, held at the void deck of an HDB block. Common sense will tell you, he
said, 'If we did not have foreign talent, do you think
you would have this Singapore?' I initiated the policy and I take full responsibility for it because I
knew this was the way to grow the pie.'
SM Lee said this when he was asked what he thought of the Singapore Democratic Party's
'Singaporeans First Policy'. Opposition parties have called for the policy on foreign talent to be
reviewed. The SDP has even suggested that foreigners be given jobs only if no locals were available
to fill them, and that employers retrench foreigners first. Dismissing this suggestion, SM Lee said
that if companies here
got rid of foreign workers during a downturn, it would damage Singapore's prospects in the long
term. No foreigner would want to work here when needed during the good times, if, 'the moment you
have
a downturn' he is told to get out, and replaced by a Singaporean who is unemployed. 'I think we'll
damage our future prospects,' he said. Singapore has grown the way it has because the rules have
been what they are, he said. He said newly-retired MP Kenneth Chen, an architect, had told him he
employed eight to 10 local architects and two to three from China. Said Mr Lee: 'Without these
Chinese architects, he would not be able to do the jobs in China. 'So you sack the Chinese architects,
you think you got jobs for your local architects?'' You lose that total work. 'SM Lee also cited the
example of Singapore Airlines (SIA), 60 per cent of whose pilots are foreigners. He said: 'You say
sack foreigners and keep the Singaporeans when SIA retrenches, when you are short of captains and
pilots, who will join you?' You take them on the understanding that
you're going to play fair with them.'You don't play fair, your reputation spreads, the next time round
you're going to face the problems. 'We're going to fight this, we've taken a stand.....'Before he could
finish his sentence, a man in the crowd standing behind the reporters, suddenly shouted out:
'Whatever you say is true!' SM Lee asked him: 'You're from SIA, what do you do there?' The man,
who wore a white shirt with the SIA emblem on it, said: 'Engineering. 'SM Lee asked: 'Is this also
true for the engineering department? 'He replied: 'Very true.'
http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/ge/story/0,1870,80740-1020722340,00.html
MARCH 13
Govt adopts open attitude to employing foreign talent MP urges Govt to be more 'vigorous' in
opening up public sector to foreigners. We are already doing so, says DPM Lee RECRUIT more
foreign talent to run the country, urged Mr Davinder
Singh (Bishan-Toa Payoh GRC) yesterday. He noted
that while the Government has pushed the private
sector to open up to foreign talent, it has not
exercised the same vigortowards opening up the
public sector. The reasons, he suggested, could be a
perception that 'sensitiveissues are best dealt with by
those with a stake in the country, and that, therefore,
justifies a special immunity for our public
institutions'.Some of these fears may be unfounded,
he argued. While some highly- sensitive portfolios
should remain safeguarded for Singaporeans, other
branches of decision-making in social and economic
policy canbe opened up. 'Why will there be a
security risk if a foreigner is, say, employedas a Deputy Secretary in the Ministry of Education or in
the Ministry of Manpower?' he asked. Hiring more foreigners in the civil service would also free up
more local talent to 'add fizz' to the private sector. He said that the best and brightest were drawn into
public service by the scholarship system. But now that Singapore's institutions were in place, and it
has become imperative to energise the private sector, 'we should not continue to divert the flow of
quality away from the market'. Foreigners could also bring fresh perspectives to policy issues, said
the MP, who is a lawyer.

85
'Not having been brought up in the system, they may not feel shackled by political correctness.'In
response, Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said the Government has already adopted 'an
open attitude
towards foreign talent'.'We can find foreigners teaching in our schools and universities, working as
policemen and prison officers and in the civil defence. 'We also have architects and technical
officers in HDB, nursing officers in the hospitals and IT specialists in IDA,' said DPM Lee.Other
examples he cited included statutory boards such as the Government Investment Corporation, the
Monetary Authority of Singapore, Economic Development Board (EDB) and the National Science
and Technology Board.'EDB, for example, has significant numbers of non-Singaporeans but they
work as an EDB team and they promote Singapore as fervently and as vigorously as the
Singaporeans. And, in fact, they give us a run for our money,' he
said.In fact, many foreigners have gone on to grow roots here, said DPM Lee, citing examples such
as Chief Statistician Paul Cheung, from Hongkong, and Trade and Industry Permanent Secretary
Khaw Boon Wan,
from Malaysia.'So, I think that is the approach we should take - bring in eclectically, integrate them
as part of our team and for the best of them ... encourage them to be citizens and then they rise up
in our core group,' he concluded.
http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/mnt/html/webspecial/budget/budget0313h.html

Photos from Singapore-Malaysia 2nd Link Bridge Run
===============
End...........

Expat Magazine from Singapore (Aug-07) Shanhai City view


86
~ _ . ~~
~ ~ ~ . ~ ~~ ~ .~~~ ~ ~ , How to win friends
and influence people ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~~
~ ~ ~ ~~ ,~ ~~~ ~ ~ .~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ . Steven R Covey ,
~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ , ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , .~~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~,. ~. ~ ~ ~ ~~~ _ ._~ .~.,~
~ ~,. .~~
Habit 1: Be Proactive
Habit 2: Begin with the End in mind
Habit 3: Put First Things First
Habit 4: Think Win Win
Habit 5: Seek Frist to Understand, Then to be understood
Habit 6: Synergize
Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw
.~~~_ .~ ~~ , ~ Dependence ~ ,.~ , . _~ .~,~
~ ~ ,~ ~ .~ ~ Independence ~ ~ ~ .~ .,~ ~,~ ~ .~
_~ .~., . ~ _~ ~ ~ . ,~ . ~ _ .~ ~ ,~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~_ ., ~_ ~
,~ . ~ ~ ~~ ~ .~ ' ~_ ,~ Inter-dependence ~ ~ ~ .~~. ,
~ .~ . ~ ._ ~ ~ ~ ,~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ,.~.~.~

~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~. . ~ Legacy _~ .~,.~.~
_~ ~~ , ,~~ ~~ ~.~ ., ~ .~ ._~_ , ~ ~ ~.~ .~ ~ ~ ~~ , ,~
~ .. _~ ~ _~ ..~~_ . ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ .,~ ._~ .~.~
~ ~ _~~~ ,.~.~ .~_~ ~ ,~ ._~ . ~ ~.~. , ~ ~,_~ . ~ ~
~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ,.~ ~ ~ ..~
Page 1 of 5 7 habits - Myanmar
8/23/2007 http://www.mingalaronline.net/education/library/7habits.htm

87

~ ~ . ~ ,~ ~ ~ . . .~ ~ ~ ~ .,.~ ,.~.~

88
,._~ . .~~ ~ .~~ Time Management _~ .~ ~ .,.~.~ ~ ~ ~
~~ Habit 3: Put First Things First .~ ~ ~ ~_ . ,._~ . ~ ~ ~
Quardrant II ~ ~ ~ ...~ ~ .~ .~ ~ ~~ ~ , `~ `
, .~~ ~ Quardrant II ~ ~ ._~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ , .~~
._~~ ~ ., ~ ~ ~ .,._~ .~ ,.~.~

~~ ~ . ~~ ~ ~~ ~ , ~ _~. ~ .~ . ~ , ~ .
~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ . ~~~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ _~ .~ , ~~ ~
~~ , ,~ _ ~~ ~ . ~~~ ~ ~,., ~~ ~
.~ ... ,. . , .~ ~ ~.~. ~ ~ ~_~ .. ~ ,
~~ ~ ., ~.~ ~ . ~ . , The Seven Habits of Highly Effective Teen ~ ~ ~
~,., ~ ~ .~~_ . ~., . . .~_ ~ ~ ~ Sharpen the
Saw: Principles of Balanced Self-Renewal ~ '~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~. ~ _ , ~ ~
~ ~ , .~.~

89

~ ~ ~ ~.~,~ .~ ~ ~,. ~ ~ ~ ~.~ ~~ ~ . ~~ ~ . ~ ~
~ ,~. .~ .~ ~ ~ ~ Knowledge, Skill and Desire ~ ~ ~
~ . . ~ ~ ~~ ~ .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~~~
~ ~

90

~ ~~ ~ . ,.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .~ ~ ~,. . ~ , ~~~ ~ .
~ ~,. (The 8th Habit) ~ _~ .~ ~ . ~ .~ ~ .~_ . ~ ~ ~ ~~,
~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~,. .~ , ~ , , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~
www.mingalaronline.net/7habits.htm .~ _~_ ~

~~
~~ ~ . 7 habits ~ ~ .. , ~ ~ ~ _~ .. ~~ ~ ~ ~_ ~ ~ ~ ~_ .
, ~ ~ . ~ . ~~ ~ .~ ~ ~ . ~_ ~ ~ ._~. '~ ~~~ .,~_
~ ~ ~ .~~ ~ .~_ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~_ ~_ ,.~.~
~ ~ , . .~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ .. ~~, ~ ~ .
~~ ~~ .~ .~.~_
Download (0.5MB Burmese version books)
www.mingalaronline.net/education/library/7habits-myanmar.pdf
Date: 7-7-2007

91
Supporting Company and Society
Supporting Company and Society
Date: 3
rd
Nov 2007
Time: 4pm
Location: Peninsula Plaza
#06-34, 6
th
Story
TMC Education Group
Speakers
1. Thin Film Silicon Industry
by Phone Naing
Chartered Semiconductor Mfg
2. CP15 Code of Practice
by San San Mya
Parsons Parsons Brinckerhoff
3. Construction Electrical
by Maung Nu
Koh Brothers Civil & Engg.
4. Marine, Oil & Gas Automation
by Pye Nyunt / Myint Twe
Hamworthy
5. Market Marine
by John Rao
,_ , ~ .
~ ~. ~ _~
~. ~ .
_~,~ ~ .
~ ~.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .
~~ ~~.~. ~. ~ _~
~.. ~~~~ , ...
Engineering Job Seminar (2
nd
in 2007)
Objective
1. Knowledge sharing and friendship building among
Burmese Engineers
2. Job market opportunities / status for Burmese
Engineers (targeted to young engineers)
3. Depending on response, continue to organize such
activities from time to time.
~~ ,.~~ .
~ ~~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . .~
~ . .~~ .~ Chartered Seminconductor Mfg)
. .~ _~_ '~.~. .~ ,
~_ .~.
~ ~ ~~ MingalarOnline.net
~. ~ .~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ . .~ ~.
Date: 3
rd
Nov 2007
Time: 4pm
Location:
Peninsula Plaza
#06-34, 6
th
Story
TMC Education Group
Phone Naing / Htain Lynn 3
rd
Nov 2007
Semiconductor Industry
IC Manufacturing, start with silicon wafer many department Implant,
Thin Film (CVD, PVD), Etch, Clean Tech are involved.
Thin Film is to deposit metal layers (Metalization)
rd
Nov 2007
Endura, Novellus INOVA,
SABRE system
CDO, Centura DxZ, HDP, Producer, WJ
System
rd
Nov 2007
Thin Film (Training Sample)
Target Audience
Process/Equipment/TD/Yield Engineers who have > 6 months
experience
Process/Equipment/TD/Yield AEs who have >12 months experience
Manufacturing/Process/Equipment/TD Engineers working in Thin Film
who have > 3 months experience
Manufacturing/Process/Equipment/R&D/ AEs working in Thin Film who
have > 6 months experience
Workshop Outline
Definition of film and chemical vapour deposition
Criteria for film systems
Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) rate model
Thin film growth model
Types of CVD systems
Structure of CVD film
Properties of CVD film
Types of thin films
rd
Nov 2007
Job market of Silicon Industry
1. Wafer Fab , Assembly IC eg. CSM, TECH, STM, SSMC, Infineon, STATS chip pac, UMC etc.
2. Equipment & spare part suppliers eg. Applied Material, Lam Research, KLA, TEL, HP, DISCO, Varian etc
3. Material suppliers SONY, BASF, SOXAL, MITSUI Chemical, Siltronic, Integris ..etc
Maung Nu, 3-Nov-2007
Electrical Engineering & Installation for the
Construction Industry
As an Electrical Engineer at construction Industry you
should know the followings at least.
( 1 ) Co-ordinated combine services drawing and shop
drawing.
( 2 ) Electrical single line diagram & general
arrangement of panel ( GA ).
( 3 ) Site co-ordination and sequences of construction.
( 4 ) Statutory requirement and code of practices.
( 5 ) Safety for yourself & others.
Co-ordinated combine services drawing and shop
drawing.
For all construction ( factories , plants , high raise building ,
shopping mall , condo , etc ) should have combine services drawing
before start actual construction. Because they have so many
services together to install such lighting, power , ACMV , process
piping, special equipments , fire protection , communication and etc.
For all services to install at the same area & elevation (level ,
storey) showing at same drawing is call combine service drawing
( CSD ).
To understand the CSD you should have some experiences &
knowledge of drawings.
The CSD have Grid line reference to locate the particular
location.
The CSD have the Legends to identify the elements.
The CSD have the Elevation , Reference Level ( RL ) to define
the level , storey .
Mostly the CSD are developed using by AutoCAD , Micro
stations.
AutoCAD CSD are can co-ordinate on drawing about 60 to 70
percent only because of lack in elevation showing.
Micro stations CSD are can coordinate on drawing 80 to 90
percent because of 3D showing.
Checked the project specification and develop the following
shop drawing accordingly.
Shop drawing is for the detail of localised and specific installation.
Equipments layout drawing.
Opening layout drawing.
Cable routing layout drawing.
cable ladder / tray routing layout drawing.
Cable schedule
Cable termination loop drawing and etc.
You should have final & approved equipment layout drawing include
consideration of area classification ( explosive area ).
Base on equipment layout drawing you should be develop the cable
routing drawing.
Base on equipment layout & cable routing drawing you should develop
opening layout ( floor & wall ) drawing.
Base on equipment layout & cable routing drawing you should develop
cable ladder / tray /trucking drawing.
After that to develop cable schedule & cable termination loop drawing.
All drawing must be endorsed by Professional Engineer and submit to
project consultant for approval.
Electrical single line diagram & general arrangement of panel
( GA ).
For all the Electrical installation at construction should have
single line drawing & GA drawing.
Single line drawing for lighting & small power distribution panel
( DB ) , motor control centre ( M.C.C ) and switch gear , etc are
showing for electrical power distribution & protection consists of
bus-bar , circuit breaker , relay , meter , cable , connected loads
and etc.
For every project every single load ( motor , light , lift , control
panel , switch socket outlet ( SSO ) , equipment ) must be shown in
single line drawing.
The single line drawing must be check and endorsed by
Professional Engineer ( PE ) and submit to project consultant to get
approval for construction.
As an electrical you should know about single line drawing are
the following.
Cable sizing & cable selection.
Circuit breaker sizing & selection.
Protection relay.
Motor starter selection.
Bus bar sizing & selection and etc.
Approved single line drawing should be issue to switch board
supplier contractor for them to develop the switch board general
arrangement ( GA ) drawing.
As an electrical you should know about general arrangement (
GA ) drawing and check against project specification, such as
(form 4 or form 3 , thickness of panel material , etc )
The switch board general arrangement ( GA ) drawing must be
check and endorsed by Professional Engineer ( PE ) and submit
to project consultant for approval.
Site co-ordination and sequences of construction
This topic is wide range and very arguable.
Now at the construction industry so many Myanmar Engineer
are working as Electrical Engineer , Mechanical Engineer, M & E
Engineer , M & E co-ordinator , M&E Supervisor.
The job nature is dirty , dangerous and under pressure.
To be done for the successfully site coordination must be deal
with
Project Manager.
M&E Manager.
Structural Engineer.
Civil Site Manager.
Civil Site Engineer.
Architectural coordinator.
Consultant ( Clark of Works ).
Consultant ( Resident Engineer ).
Sub-contractors and etc.
The early start for site works is for Electrical earth of lightning ,
electrical system earth and instrumentation earth , to get these start
from pilling re-bar or underground structural re-bar make it bounding
for electrically continuity up to require height.
Any concrete casting must be check and make sure to provide the
cast-in items ( conduit , opening box-up , plinth and etc ) correctly
and in time.
Check the space provided for electrical items to install are wide
enough or not and must be requested for enough & correct location
before the concrete casting.
After finished the structural works have to coordinate with other
services for your electrical items installation base on approved CSD
and shop drawing.
Every installation must be call for inspection in time by consultant
or owner depend on project.
You have to control your sub-contractor , your supervisor , direct
workers and material / equipments properly in order to carried out
your installation successfully.
All these job are involve with human relationship , so prepare to be
extra patience for your job successful.
Statutory requirement and code of practices
As an Electrical Engineer at construction industry you should know
the following Singapore government statutory requirement and code
of practices.
The legal requirements under the Workplace Safety and Health
( General Provisions ).
Section 15 ( 1 ) All electrical installation and equipments shall be
(a) Well constructed and made of good material;
(b) Free from defects:
(c) Used and maintained in accordance with the generally
accepted principles of sound and safe practice.
Section 20 ( 2 ) All practicable measure shall be taken to
protect workers against the risk of electrical shock arising from or in
connection with the use of any electrical installation or equipments.
Some of legal requirements under the Workplace Safety and Health
( Construction ) regulations are follows
Regulation 30 ( 1 ) Where electrical appliances and current carrying
equipment have provisions made for earthing , they shall be properly earthed.
Regulation 31 It shall be the duty of occupier of a worksite to ensure that
effective residual current circuit breakers shall be install for all temporary
electrical installations to provide earth leakage protection.
Regulation 31. It shall be the duty of occupier of a worksite to ensure that
overcurrent current protective devices with the appropriate rating shall be install
in distribution boards to provide overcurrent or short-circuit protection.
Regulation 31. For electrical installations and equipments used underground
or in a confined space, the electricity supply for lighting and electric hand-held
tools shall be provided by means of a step-down transformer having a
secondary voltage not exceeding 110 volts centre point earth and electric
hand-held tools & inspection lamps and lights shall be operated at a voltage not
exceeding 55 volts between the conductor and earth.
Container Passenger Ship
Tug Boat
Tanker (Crude Oil)
Marine Automation & Instrumentation Control
Ship Engine Room
In a ship, an engine room is where the
main engine(s), generators,
compressors, pumps, fuel/lubrication
oil purifiers and other major machinery
are located.
Engine rooms are hot, noisy,
sometimes dirty, and potentially
dangerous. The presence of flammable
fuel, high voltage (HV) equipment and
internal combustion engines (ICE)
means that a serious fire hazard exists
in the engine room, which is monitored
continuously by the ships engineering
staff and various monitoring systems.
Control Panel
Inert Gas System
IGS
Especially for crude oil tanker,
Oil & Gas ship need explosive
and safety requirement. Those
oil tanks need to install IGS
system
System Composition
Boiler Control
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other
fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits
the boiler for use in various processes or heating
applications
For small ship, Boiler is for heating purpuse.
Large ship is for Steam Turbine or Steam Turbine
to move the ship and to generate electrical power.
Control System for Boiler
Automatic Conbursting Control ACC
Fuel Air control
Steam Turbine
A Steam turbine is a mechanical device that
extracts thermal energy from pressurized
steam, and converts it into useful mechanical
work.
Only large vessel (100,000 tons) has steam
turbine which are used to drive ship and
generate electrical power.
Control System
Mostly high temp, high pressure alarm and trip
device are critical. Rotation control, speed
detector, displacement sensor are important
too.
Note:
Steam pressure is 80Kg and temperature
is 1000 deg C. Safety is most important
Oil Discharge Monitor (ODM)
Water discharge into sea must be clean.
Internation law require to install oil
detection system to install on every ship.
Oily Water Seperator
Seperation of oil from water
before discharge from ship to
sea
Refinery (Oil and Gas Industry)
Oil Rig
Oil Rig and Refinery
PLC, DCS, Instrumentation and Control.
A programmable logic controller (PLC), or programmable controller is a digital
computer used for automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on
factory assembly lines
A distributed control system (DCS) refers to a control system usually of a
manufacturing system, process or any kind of dynamic system, in which the controller
elements are not central in location (like the brain)
PLC & DCS illustration
Fishing - Color Scanning Sonar, Color Plotter, Doppler Current Meter, Fish Finder,
Ocean Information Display
Navigation - ARPA Radar, Marine Radar, Integrated Navigation System, ECDIS,
AIS, VDR, GPS/DGPS, Echo Sounder
Communication - GMDSS, AIS, Inmarsat, SSB Radiophone, VHF/UHF
Radiophone, Weather FAX
Marine Navitation System
Pneumatics
the use of pressurized air to effect
mechanical motion. Normal pressure
is ~5 bar. Use the tube, cylinder,
valve, connector, actuator, air control
unit..etc.
Hydraulic
It is high pressure oil. Especially
control for hugh valve, lifting crane
are operated by hydaulic system.
Control system also same as
Pneumatic.
Some of the Marine Instrument Company and
Shipyards in Singapore
Instrument Automation Companies
www.thegreenbook.com
Plenty of Control Companies
Question & Answer
The following code of practice are important to know.
CP 88 Code of practice for temporary electrical installation.
CP5 Code of practice for electrical installation.
CP16 Code of practice for electrical earthing.
CP 33 Code of practice for lightning protection and etc.
Another Authority requirement is by Energy Market Authority
( EMA )
To turn-on electrical power supply
( 1 ) 45 KW and below must be by License Electrical Worker
( LEW ) Electrician Grade.
( 2 ) 150 KW and below must be by License Electrical Worker
( LEW ) Technician Grade.
( 3 ) 150 KW above must be by License Electrical Worker ( LEW )
Engineer Grade.
Safety for yourself & others.
At the construction site you should know and follow the
respective project in-house safety rule & regulation.
Some of the following are construction site safety rule
& regulation.
(1) All first join workers must be conduct the safety orientation
by safety department.
(2) Every day before start work to be conduct the tool box
meeting.
(3) Before start any works must be submit the method of
statement and risk assessments to respective department and
explained to the all level of workers.
(4) Make sure the required Personal Protective Equipment
( PPE ) to be issued to all level of workers.
Some other basic safety requirements are also need to know and follow.
1. Should not be done any modification work or installation work at the
live electrical panels.
Worker working at above 2 meter height must wear safety belts and etc.
Start from 1st March 2006 the Workplace Safety and Health Act legislation is
effect.
General penalties for offences for the individual maximum fine up to
S$ 200,000 , imprisonment 2 years or both.
For workers failure to use PPE or misuse of any safety appliance maximum
fine is S$ 1000. For more info can find at MOM web site.
www.mom.gov.sg.com.
So finally I want to highlight to all of you please be take care safety for
yourself and others.
Thanks you.
Maung Nu
Electrical Engineer
Marina Barrage Project
Koh Brothers Building and Civil Engineering Contractor Pte Ltd.
Q & A
Thanks you
Maung Nu
Electrical Engineer
Marina Barrage Project
Koh Brothers Building and Civil Engineering Contractor Pte Ltd.

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Date: 25th August 2007

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