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FvAluATl0t 0F
6R0wTH
Y NILESH DESHPANDE
DEPT OF PEDIATRIC AND PREVENTIVE
DENTISTRY
UP DENTAL COLLESE & RESEARCH CENTRE
CCN1LN1S
1)lnLroducLlon
2)PlsLory
3)1echnlcal aspecLs
4)naLural head poslLlon
3)uevelopmenL of cephalomeLrlc analysls
6)CephalomeLrlc Lraclng Lechnlque
7)CephalomeLrlc landmarks(anLeroposLerlor and laLeral
cephalograms)
Pard Llssue landmarks
SofL Llssue landmarks
8) CephalomeLrlc planes
horlzonLal planes
verLlcal planes
9) CephalomeLrlc analysls
uowns
SLelners
1weeds
10) CephalomeLrlc superlmposlLlon Lechnlque
CLnALCML1k IN1kCDUC1ICN
1he measuremenL of Lhe head of a llvlng sub[ecL from Lhe
bony landmarks locaLed by palpaLlon or presslng Lhrough
Lhe supraad[acenL Llssues ls called CLnALCML1k
1he dlscovery of xrays by koentgen(1893) revoluLlonlzed
Lhe denLal professlon A radlographlc head lmage could be
measured ln Lwo dlmenslons Lhereby maklng posslble Lhe
accuraLe sLudy of cranlofaclal growLh and developmenL
CephalomeLrlcs ls Lhe lnLerpreLaLlon of laLeral skull
radlographs Laken under tandard|zed condlLlons
kA1ICNALL
SLudy cranlofaclal growLh (comparlng Lo Lhe same
lndlvldual)
ulagnosls (comparlng Lo sLandards)
lannlng orLhodonLlc LreaLmenL
valuaLlon of LreaLed cases
1WLN1 CLN1UkILS CI CLnALCML1k
O 1he sclenLlflc approach Lo scruLlny Lhe human cranlofaclal
paLLerns was done flrsL by anLhropologlsLs and anaLomlsLs
on dry skulls
O 1he measuremenL of dry skull from osLeologlcal landmarks
ls called croniometry
O 1he measuremenL of head of llvlng sub[ecLs from bony
landmarks locaLed by palpaLlon and presslng Lhrough
supraad[ascenL sLrucLures ls called cepho/ometry
O Puman form has been sLudled for many reasons
hlsLorlcally
1as an ald ln self porLrayal ln
sculpLuresdrawlngand palnLlng
2Lo LesL Lhe relaLlon of physlque Lo healLh
LemperamenL and behavlour LralLs
O n|ppocrate(S00bc) deslgnaLed Lwo forms
1 hab|tu phth||cu (long Lhln body)
2 hab|tu apop|et|cu (shorL Lhlck body)
O ArlsLoLle(400 8C) Calen(200 Au) 8osLan(1828) carrled on
wlLh Lhe research
O kotan was flrsL Lo lnclude muscle mass as a componenL of
physlque whlch was Laken up agaln by She|don |n 1940
O Sheldon lnLroduced hls meLhod of somaLoLyplng based on
3 componenLs of physlque (|ceroton|a omaton|a and
cerebroton|a)
W retchmer(1921) adhered Lo Lhree greek forms
1 pyknlc(compacL)
2 asLhenlc( wlLhouL sLrengLh)
3 aLhleLlc
laLer he lncluded dysplasLlc physlque measuremenL and
proporLlon
gypLlans developed a proporLlonaLe sysLem of human
body known as canon ConsLrucLlon of lmages ln Lwo
dlmenslons(planer)was based on a module showlng landmarks
Lhrough whlch base llnes were drawn Second gypLlan canon
used beLween Lhlrd and LwelfLh dynasLles dlvlded Lhe canonlal
helghL ln 18 squares
ln laLer canon of gypLlan arL male body conslsLed of 22
squares lnsLead of 18llne 21 was drawn Lhrough upper eyelld
ConsLrucLlon of drawlng for sculpLure of splnx holdlng small
flgure of goddess 1hls drawlng ls composed of 2 sysLems
O reek tem wa not a r|g|d a Lgpt|an
O 1he classlcal arL of Creeks re[ecLed Lhe rlgld gypLlan
sysLem for creaLlng human lmages 1he Creeks needed Lhe
freedom Lo accounL for Lhe shlfLlng dlmenslon of organlc
movemenL and Lhe foreshorLenlng of Lhe upper parL of a
sLaLure relaLlve Lo Lhe lower parL
O 1he gypLlan concepL was noL directed toword the
voriob/e but toword the constont not toword the
symbo/itotion of vito/ present but toword the reo/itotion
of o time/ess eternity" ln conLrasL Lhe Creclan efflgy
commemoraLed a human belng LhaL llved Lhe work of ort
existed in o sphere of esthetic ideo/ity"for Lhe gypLlans
lL remalned in o sphere of moqico/ reo/ity"
O lndlan lconomeLry sLudled exLenslvely by Lhe kue||u was
LransmlLLed Lhrough SanskrlL llLeraLure exLenslvely
revlewed ln lndlan LexLs of archlLecLure
O lace helghL was used as Lhe module of boLh Lhe Sar|putra
a|ekha|akhana proporLlonal sysLem whlch closely
reflecLed Lhe naLural relaLlon of Lhe parLs of Lhe body Lo
each oLher
O 1he Sar|putra tem (1200 AD) ls known for Lhe
sculpLures honorlng Lhe Cod 8uddha
lronLal vlew of Lhe head for a sLandlng
sLaLue of 8uddha accordlng Lo Lhe hlghly deLalled proporLlonal
sysLem
Cf sarlpuLra unlLs 1 angula 8mm
roflle and fronLal vlew of 8uddha face
ln 8yzanLlne emplre recLangular grld was replaced by
scheme of Lhree concenLrlc clrcles wlLh nose lengLh as
radlus of clrcles
W llfLeenLh cenLury's breakLhrough ln arLlsLlc LhoughL
concepL and Lechnlque was exempllfled by Lhe
accompllshmenLs of Leonardo da V|nc| and A|drecht
Durer(14711S28)
W Leonardo da V|nc| (14S21S19) was probably one of Lhe
earllesL people of noLe Lo apply Lhe Lheory of head
measuremenL Lo good effecL ln pracLlcehls drawlngs
lncluded a sLudy of proporLlons and Lhe pro[ecLlon of
coordlnaLe sysLem
1he proporLlon of head and a sLandlng
nude
O D was mosL ouLsLandlng provlded a proporLlonaLe
analysls of Lhe lepLoprosoplc (long and narrow) and
euryprosoplc (shorL and broad) face ln a coordlnaLe
sysLem
O Pe also made use of Lwo llnes Lo glve faclal angle showed
abouL Lhe varlaLlon ln faclal morphology