Kendra Stinchcomb Phase II Research Project Stats 1510 Day Abstract I have conducted a research project to determine my future

in my field of study. I had surveyed a sample of 50 people out of 2627 total. I asked various questions regarding personal aspects such as sex, age, ethnicity, eye color, hair color, height, weight, shoe, and ring size. Other questions I had asked were focusing on political views, hours of work, annual income, water consumption, and handedness. Introduction I have recently graduated with a Masters Degree in Physical Therapy. I have done internships with professional Physical Therapists that have started their own businesses. I am interested in starting my own business that offers Physical Therapy and Fitness Training. I sent out 50 surveys in five different communities/areas over the city of Bakersfield, CA and randomly selected 10 completed surveys from each community/area, totaling a sample size of 50 random samples. I was interested in what different age groups these areas would obtain, their personal health, their annual income, and their political views. Looking at these randomly selected surveys collected from 5 different areas around Bakersfield, CA, I plan to find an area most appropriate for those in need of a Physical Therapist. Methods A couple of factors I found myself most interested in my research was if there was any relationship between a persons height, weight, ring, or shoe size which may suggest personal health. Below is a graph of the heights measured in inches.

Although I had collected a random sample of 50 surveys, I had to eliminate three variables from the sample due to incorrect data, which the graph above only represents a sample of 47. The descriptive statistics for Height are as follows: Sample Size (N)= 47 Mean=67 inches Sample SD=5.676 Median=67 inches

Above is a graph of the weights collected in pounds. Surveying doesnt promise perfect results, so the graph above only represents a sample size of 48 due to incorrect data input. The descriptive statistics for Weight are as follows: Sample Size (N)=48 Mean 178.375 lbs Sample SD=52.928 Median=168 lbs Below is a graph that shows both the ring size and shoe size. Again, due to incorrect data input, the sample size for the ring sizes is 35 and the sample size for shoe sizes is 46.

I found it appropriate to graph the shoe sizes and ring sizes together due to measurement scales. The summary statistics for shoe size shows: Sample Size (N)= 46 Mean= Size 9.859 Sample SD= 2.051 Median= Size 9.5. The summary statistics for ring sizes shows: Sample Size (N)=35 Mean= Size 8.129 Sample SD=2.408 Median= Size 8. A factor I was also interested was to determine if there is a relationship between handedness, their favor of the death penalty, and the amount of water consumed. If I was knowledgeable with the amount of water consumed of the population I surveyed, that could also help me predict their personal health. Also, I found it necessary to be knowledgeable of my samples political views. Below is table with Handedness and Favor of Death Penalty. In favor of Death Penalty? Handedness? Ambidextrious Left Right Yes 0 0 33 33 No 2 8 3 Undecided 0 0 4 13 4 Total 2 8 40 50

Below is a table with Handedness and amount of water consumed. The X-Axis is the ounces of water consumed and the Y-Axis is people surveyed.

As I reviewed the summary statistics of water consumed by my sample, I determined that 48 out of 50 people I had surveyed had inserted data while 2 didnt enter any data. The summary statistics of amount of water consumed is (N)=50, Mean= 61.188, and Sample Deviation is 45.672.

Although I had provided a histogram to provide a visual aid on my samples water consumption, to test for independence, I grouped the data such as 0-40 ounces, 41-80 ounces, 81-120 ounces, and greater than 121 ounces. Refer to the table below.

Handedness Water Consumed? 0-40 oz 41-80 oz 81-120 oz 120 oz < #

Right 11 16 7 5 39

Left 7 0 0 0

Ambidextrious 2 0 0 0 7 2

Total 20 16 7 5 50

Another factor I found myself investigating in was political views of my sample of 50. I found it necessary to familiarize myself with their political views and parties they were afflicted with to identify their beliefs about medicine and health practices. Considering that Democratic, Republican, Independent, Tea Party, and Other have no specific natural order, the data is nominal. Below are tables I had created to answer any questions regarding relationships between Political Party and political views. In favor of the death penalty? Political Party Democratic Republican Independent Other Tea Party

Yes 13 17 10 2 2 44

No 0 0 0 0 0

Undecided 6 0 0 0 0 0 6

Total 19 17 10 2 2 50

The table above shows the different Political Parties the sample of 50 is associated with and if they are in favor of the death penalty. In favor of the health care bill passed? Political Party Democratic Republican Independent Other Tea Party

Yes 0 4 0 0 2 6

No 19 0 6 0 0

Undecided 0 13 4 2 0 25 19

Total 19 17 10 2 2 50

Above, the table is similar to the first, instead, the sample was asked if they were in favor of the health care bill that had been passed. Will President Obama be reelected? Political Party Democratic Republican Independent Other Tea Party

Yes 0 8 0 0 2 10

No 19 0 8 0 0

Undecided 0 9 2 2 0 27 13

Total 19 17 10 2 2 50

And lastly, the table above is similar to the two previous tables asking if President Obama will be reelected. As I was targeting the Population Samples political views and suggested personal health by asking ring size, shoe size, weight, and height, I was also interested in their annually income. In the histogram below shows the annual income of both Male and Females. The X-Axis is annual income and the Y-Axis is the Sample Size (people).

Summary statistics shows: Sample Size (N)=50 Mean=$43089.58 Sample SD=79116.23 Median= $12000.00. Referring back to my data, there were no incorrect data inputs, but there was numerous $0 annual income which results in the 1st Quartile to be $0, which in English words means that 25% is $0 and 75% is above $0. I found the 1st Quartile a little bit excessive and I couldnt necessarily pinpoint the data as I first intended, so I graphed Male income and Female income separately for a more accurate data reading.

The two graphs below are Male Annual Income and Female Annual Income. The X-Axis is annual income in dollars ($) and the Y-Axis is sample population (males).

As you can easily see, the data is skewed right- suggesting that majority of 78.12% (25) males out of 32 males make from $0-56250.00 annually. Reviewing back to my data, all of the males I had surveyed had input an annual gross income, meaning no zeroes or blanks.

The X-Axis is annual income in dollars ($) and the Y-Axis is sample population (females).

As I viewed the two individual graphs of Annual Income of Males and Females, I easily determined that the 1st Quartile is most likely $0 for female. Referring back to my data, majority of my sample of 50 had entered $0 as their Annual Gross Income. The 1st Quartile is not what I was interested in, though. I was interested in the Annual Income of my sample to see if the Sample could even afford a Physical Therapist when needed, because of course, we all could use medical help one way or the other, its the payments that stop some of them asking for help. Based on the tables above brought another question to mind. What age group am I mainly dealing with? Am I dealing with young adults, middle-aged adults, or elderly people? Provided below is a Box and Whisker Plot graphing the ages collected during the survey.

As I study the Box and Whisker Plot, I determine the youngest age surveyed was 16 years old and the oldest I surveyed was 75 years old. Majority of the survey consisted of ages ranging from 18 years old to 24 years old. Results Referring back to the questions in my research, after the different analytical approaches, I do believe that I have the solution to my questions of interest above. As I was interested in personal health and well-being, I asked myself if there was some relationship between a persons height, weight, ring, and shoe size. Using the ANOVA approach, I was looking for a relationship between the many variables. Here is my experimental work and process: 1- Ring size, 2-Weight, 3-Height, and 4-Shoe size. 1. Ho: 1= 2= 3= 4 2. X1 ~N X2~N X3~N Ha: at least one X4~N (See sketched plot in Appendix)

3. Violation in Normal Plots: Median instead of Mean Kruskal-Wallis Test 4. p-value= .00006 (=.05) 5. Reject Ho 6. There is enough evidence to suggest that there is appropriate combination within a persons height, weight, shoe, and ring size. I had determined from my analytical approach that there was some type of relationship between the persons height, weight, ring, and shoe size.

Another question I was asking myself when surveying my sample was the annual income of my sample. At my first attempt to determine their annual income, I didnt get many answers, considering I graphed both male and female annual incomes together. An easier approach to my research was looking at the annual income of female and males separately. For my analysis, however- I calculated any relationship between gender and annual income together (male & female). I used the Test of Independence approach. Here is my thought process: 1.Ho: Gender and Annual Income are independent. Ha: Gender and Annual Income are dependent. 2. Test Statistic= 28.0385 3. p-value= .04090 (=.05) 4. Reject Ho 5. There is enough evidence to suggest that Gender and Annual Income are dependent. In summary, Gender plays a role when determining Annual Income. It is safe to say that majority of men have jobs over women and they bring home more money than the women, ONLY according to my survey data. Along with the personal health and annual income of my sample, I was interested in their Political views and their thought on Obama re-election, Health Care Bill, and the Death Penalty. First I compared Political Party with Obama Re-election, whether according to ones political views if they felt Obama would be re-elected. Here is my Test of Independence approach:

1. Ho: Political Party and Obama are Independent. Ha: Political Party and Obama are dependent. 2. Test Statisitic= 51.0529 3. p-value= 2.563E-03 .0002 (=.05) 4. Reject Ho 5. There is enough evidence to suggest that Political Party and determining Obama re-election are dependent. 6. Expected values are in Appendix where I determined if the data was valid. Political Party does play a role on the prediction towards if Obama will be re-elected or not. Another factor along with Political view I was interested in was if they were in favor of the Health Care Bill that had recently been passed. I used another Test of Independence approach. Here is my experimental process: 1. Ho: Political Party and Health Care Bill are independent. Ha: Political Party and Health Care Bill are dependent. 2. Test Statistic=52.7300 3. p-value= 1.216E-08 .000000001 (=.05) 4. Reject Ho 5. There is enough to suggest that Political Party and Health Care Bill are dependent. In summary, according to ones political views also determines the favor of the Health Care Bill. Lastly, I compared the Political views along with In Favor of the Death Penalty. Again, I used to Test of Independence approach, and below is my analysis.

1. Ho: Political Party and Death Penalty are independent. Ha: Political Party and Death Penalty are dependent. 2. Test Statistic= 48.00 3. p-value= 9388E-08 .000000009 (=.05) 4. Reject Ho 5. There is enough evidence to suggest that Political Party and Death penalty are dependent. In summary, there is a relationship between the two variables Political Party and In Favor of the Death Penalty. Lastly, I was interesting if there was a relationship between the Handedness of a person and their views on the Death Penalty and how much water they consumed. I approached both problems with a Test of Independence approach. Here are my thought processes: Handedness and Death Penalty: 1. Ho: Handedness and Death Penalty are independent. Ha: Handedness and Death Penalty are dependent. 2. Test statistic: 35.5769 3. p-value= 3.55789E-7 .00000003 (=.05) 4. Reject Ho 5. There is enough evidence to suggest that Handedness and Death Penalty are independent. Handedness and Water Consumed:

1. Ho: Handedness and Water Consumed are independent. Ha: Handedness and Water Consumed are dependent. 2. Test statistic= 15.50769 3. p-value= .0166 (=.05) 4. Reject Ho 5. There is enough evidence to suggest that Handedness and Water Consumed are dependent. In summary of both of those experiments, according to both of my p-values, I rejected both Ho which suggests that Handedness, in favor of the Death Penalty, and amount of water consumed are dependent. Discussion In conclusion, overall, most of my results came out as expected. Although, while conducting research, one must not expect nor change the results as the experiment is projected in the researchers head. The only results that came out not as expected was the Handedness and relationship with Death Penalty and water consumption. According to my p-values though, it suggested that there was relationship between the three. As a physical therapist, I am going to wait until I decide to build my business until a later time. According to my calculations, (gosh! Ive always wanted to say that!) as a Physical Therapist looking for a booming business, I was rather disappointed with the areas I had chose to survey, considering majority of my sample were between ages 18 and 24 years old. I will refrain from building my business until another time.