Written Report in Political Science

Article II Declaration of Principles and Policies Submitted by: Group II Jared Tolentino Mark Montemayor Marvin Manalaysay Marvin Renosa Wilson Mungcal Francis Merigildo Submitted to: Mrs. Lilibeth Quicho References: Internet

ARTICLE II Declaration of Principles and State Policies

Principles -A truth or general law used as basis for a theory or system of beliefs -Beliefs governing ones behaviour -A general specific law -Ethical codes or standards -Fixed policy or more of action Section 1: The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people ang all government authority emanates from them Section 2: The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international la as pasrt of the law of the lad and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations. Section 3: Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of national territory. Section 4: The prime duty of the Government is to severe and protect the people. The Government may call upon to defend the State and, in the fulfilment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service. Section 5: The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessing of democracy. Section 6: The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable STATE POLICIES -Policy means a course of action adopted or proposed by the government and designed to influence and determine decisions. -A contract of insurance Section 7: The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relation with other states, the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination. Section 8: The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory. Section 9: The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide

adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. Section 10: The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development Section 11: The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect. Section 12: The States recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the people mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government. Section 13: The States recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs. Section 14: The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men. Section 15: The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and still health consciousness among them. Section 16: The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. Section 17: The State shall give priority to educational, science and technology, arts culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development. Section 18: The State affirms labours as a primary social economic force. It shall protect rights of workers and promotes their welfare. Section 19: The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos. Section 20: The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments. Section 21: The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform. Section 22: The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development. Section 23: The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.

Section 24: The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nationbuilding. Section 25: The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments. Section 26: The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by the law. Section 27: The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption Section 28: Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest. Democracy itself guarantees nothing. It offers instead the opportunity to succeed as well as the risk of failure. In Thomas Jeffersons ringing but shrewd phrase, the promise of democracy is life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Democracy is ten both a promise and a challenge. It is a promise that free human beings, working together, can govern themselves in a manner that will server their aspirations for personal freedom, economic opportunity, and social justice. It is a challenge because the success of the democratic enterprise rest upon the shoulders of its citizens and no one else. Government of and by the people means that the citizens of a democratic society share in its benefits and in its burdens. By accepting the task of self-government, one generation seeks to prevent the hard-won legacy of individual freedom, human rights, and the rule of law for the next generation, the people must perform the work of democracy anew-taking the principles of the past and applying them to the practices of a new age and changing society. Democracy is more than a set of constitutional rules and procedures that determine how a government functions. In a democracy, government is the only one element coexisting in a social fabric of many and varied institutions, political parties, organizations, and associations. This diversity is called pluralism, and it assumes that many organized groups and institution in a democratic society do not depend upon government for their existence, legitimacy, or authority. Manifestation of a democratic and republican government -Republican government is a democratic government by representative chosen by the people at large; the people who established the government to govern themselves and their officers from the highest to lowest are their servants. This representative was chose through election which was held every three years. 1. The existence of Bill of Rights. 2. The observance of the principle that ours is a government of laws and not of men. 3. The observance of rule of the majority.

4. The observance of the principle of separation of powers and the existence of check and balance. 5. The observance of the principle that the legislature cannot pass irrepealable law. 6. The observance of the Law of Public officers. 7. The observance of the principle that the state cannot be sued without its consent International Law refers to the body of rules and principles which governs the relations of nations and their intercourse with one another. Foreign policy is the basic direction underlying the conduct of the state on its affairs vis-a-vis those of other states Social justice is the right of all people to equality of opportunity as to equitable sharing on the basis of efforts exerted in their production of social and economic benefits and all such measures to ameliorate the social and economic life of the people to the end that He who is less in life shall be more favoured in law.

EXPLANATION: SEKSYON 1. Ang Pilipinas ay isang Estadong republikano at demokratiko. Ang ganap na kapangyarihan ay angkin ng sambayanan at nagmumula sa kanila ang lahat ng mga awtoridad na pampamahalaan. SEKSYON 2. Itinatakwil ng Pilipinas ang digmaan bilang kasangkapan ng patakarang pambansa, tinatanggap bilang bahagi ng batas ng bansa ang mga simulain ng batas internasyonal nakinikilala ng lahat at umaayon sa patakaran ng kapayapaan, pagkakapantay-pantay, katarungan, kalayaan, pakikipagtulungan, at pakikipagkaibigan sa lahat ng mga bansa. SEKSYON 3. Ang awtoridad na sibilyan ay sumasaibabaw ng sa militar sa lahat ng panahon. Ang Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas ay tagapangalaga ng Sambayanan at ng Estado. Ang layunin nito ay seguruhin ang ganap na kapangyarihan ng Estado at ang integridad ng pambansang teritoryo. SEKSYON 4. Ang pangunahing tungkulin ng pamahalaan ay paglingkuran at pangalagaan ang sambayanan. Maaaring tawagan ng pamahlaan ang sambayanan upang ipagtanggol ang Estado, at sa ikatutupad niyon, ang lahat ng mga mamamayan ay maaaring atasang maghandog ng personal na serbisyo militar o sibil, sa ilalim ng kondisyong itinatakda ng batas. SEKSYON 5. Dapat sundin ng Estado ang pagpapanatili ng kapayapaan at kaayusan, ang pangangalaga ng buhay, kalayaan at ariarian, at ang pagtataguyod sa kagalingang panlahat upang matamasa ang buong sambayanan ang mga biyaya ang demokrasya. SEKSYON 6. Hindi dapat labagin ang pagkakahiwalay ng Simbahan at ng Estado. MGA PATAKARAN NG ESTADO SEKSYON 7. Dapat sundin ng Estado ang isang malayang patakarang panlabas. Sa mga pakikipag-ugnay nito sa ibang mga estado, dapat unang-unang isaalang-alang ang ganap na kapangyarihang pambansa, intergridad na teritoryal, kapakanang pambansa, at ang karapatan sa sariling pagpapasya. SEKSYON 8. Tinatanggap at sinusunod ng Pilipinas, nang naaalinsunod sa kapakanang pambansa, ang patakarang malaya laban sa pagkakaroon ng sandatang nukleyar sa teritoryo nito. SEKSYON 9. Dapat itaguyod ng Estado ang makatwiran at dinamikong kaayusang panlipunan na titiyak sa kasaganaan at kasarinlan ng bansa at magpapalaya sa sambayanan laban sa kahirapan sa pamamagitan ng mga patakarang nagtatakda ng sapat na mga lingkurang panlipunan, nagtataguyod ng pagkakataon na magkahanapbuhay ang lahat, umaangat ng istandard ng pamumuhay at ng lalong mainam na uri ng buhay para sa lahat. SEKSYON 10. Dapat itaguyod ng Estado ang katarungang panlipunan sa lahat ng mga yugto ng pambansang pagpapaunlad. SEKSYON 11. Pinahahalagahan ng Estado ang karangalan ng bawat tao at ginagarantyahan

ang lubos na paggalang sa mga karapatang pantao. SEKSYON 12. Kinikilala ng Estado ang kabanalan ng buhay pampamilya at dapat pangalagaan at patatagin ang pamilya bilang isang saligang institusyon ng lipunan. Dapat nitong pangalagaan kapwa ang buhay ng ina at ang buhay ng sanggol sa sinapupunan mula sa paglilihi. Ang likas at pangunahing karapatan at tungkulin ng mga magulang sa pagmumulat ng kabataan para sa kahusayang sibiko at pagpapaunlad ng karakter na moral ay dapat tumanggap ng tangkilik ng Pamahalaan. SEKSYON 13. Kinikilala ng Estado ang napakahalagang tungkulin ng kabataan sa pagbuo ng bansa at dapat magtaguyod at mangalaga ng kanilang kagalingang pisikal, moral, espiritwal, intelektwal, at sosyal. Dapat nitong ikintal sa kabataan ang pagkamakabayan, nasyonalismo at pasiglahin ang paglahok nila sa mga gawaing bayan at sibiko. SEKSYON 14. Kinikilala ang Estado ang tungkulin ng mga kababaihan sa pagbuo ng bansa at dapat seguruhin ang saligang pagkakapantay-pantay ng kababaihan at kalalakihan. SEKSYON 15. Dapat itaguyod at pangalagaan ng Estado ang karapatan sa kalusugan ng mga mamamayan at ikintal ang kamalayang kalusugan sa kanila. SEKSYON 16. Dapat pangalagaan at isulong ng Estado ang karapatan ng sambayanan sa timbang at kanais-nais na ekolohiya nang naaayon sa aluy-oy at tugma ng kalikasan. SEKSYON 17. Dapat mag-ukol ng prayoridad ang Estado sa edukasyon, agham, at teknolohiya, mga sining, kultura at pampalakasan upang mapabulas ang pagkamakabayan at nasyonalismo, mapabilis ang kaunlarang panlipunan, at maitaguyod ang ganap na paglaya at pag-unlad ng tao. SEKSYON 18. Naninindigan ang Estado na ang paggawa ay siang pangunahing pwersang pangkabuhayan ng lipunan. Dapat nitong pangalagaan ang mga karapatan ng mga manggagawa at itaguyod ang kanilang kagalingan. SEKSYON 19. Dapat bumuo ang Estado ng pambansang ekonomiyang nakakatayo sa sarili at malaya na epektibong kinokontrol ng mga Pilipino. SEKSYON 20. Kinikilala ng Estado ang napakahalagang gampanin ng pribadong sektor, pinasisigla ang pribadong negosyo, at nagbibigay ng insentibo sa kinakailangang pamumuhunan. SEKSYON 21. Dapat itaguyod ng Estado ang komprehensibong pagpapaunlad na pangnayon at repormang agraryan. SEKSYON 22. Kinikilala at itinataguyod ng Estado ang mga karapatan ng mga katutubong pamayanang kultural sa loob ng balangkas ng pambansang pagkakaisa at pag-unlad. SEKSYON 23. Dapat pasiglahin ng Estado ang mga organisasyong di-pampamahalaan, saligpamayanan, o sektoral na nagtataguyod ng kagalingan ng bansa.

SEKSYON 24. Kinikilala ng Estado ang napakahabang gampanin ng komunikasyon at impormasyon sa pagbuo ng bansa. SEKSYON 25. Dapat seguruhin ng Estado ang awtonomiya ng mga pamahalaang lokal. SEKSYON 26. Dapat seguruhin ng Estado ang pantay na pag-uukol ng mga pagkakataon para sa lingkurang pambayan, at ipagbawal ang mga dinastiyang politikal ayon sa maaaring ipagkahulugan ng batas. SEKSYON 28. Batay sa makatwirang mga kondisyon na itinakda ng batas, inaangkin at ipinatutupad ng Estado ang patakarang lubos na hayagang pagsisiwalat ng lahat ng mga transaksyon nito na kinapapalooban ng kapakanang pambayan.