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Avinash Nayak. (46) Shrikantkumar Padhy (47) Jitendra Patil (48) Manoj Patil (49) Ganeshprasad Pavaskar (51)
What is a Code?
A code is a standard that has been adopted by one or more governmental bodies and has the force of law, or when it has been incorporated into a business contract. Codes specify requirements of design, fabrication, inspection and testing of pressure vessels. Number of national codes have been developed for pressure vessels by different countries. In India, the code for pressure vessels is IS-2825
The organization of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is as follows: 1. Section I: Power Boilers 2. Section II: Material Specification: i. Ferrous Material Specifications Part A ii. Non-ferrous Material Specifications Part B iii. Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals Part C iv. Properties Part D 3. Section III Subsection NCA: General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2 i. Section III Division 1: a. Subsection NA: General Requirements b. Subsection NB: Class 1 Components
Subsection NC: Class 2 Components d. Subsection ND: Class 3 Components e. Subsection NE: Class MC Components f. Subsection NF: Component Supports g. Subsection NG: Core Support Structures h. Appendices: Code Case N-47 Class 1: Components in Elevated Temperature Service Section III, Division 2: Codes for Concrete Reactor Vessel and Containment Section IV: Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers Section V: Nondestructive Examinations
Section VI: Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers Section VII: Recommended Guidelines for Care of Power Boilers Section VIII i. Division 1: Pressure Vessels Rules for Construction ii. Division 2: Pressure Vessels Alternative Rules Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications Section X: Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels Section XI: Rules for In-Service Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components
Stamps
Nomenclature
Example
A heat exchanger qualifies as a UM stamped pressure vessel if: - Design pressure < 15psig - Internal volume < 1.5 cubic ft. for 150<P<600 psig - Internal volume < 5 cubic ft. for design P upto 250 psig
Example
A heat exchanger qualifies as a U stamped pressure vessel if: - Design pressure > 600 psig - Internal volume > 1.5 cubic ft. for 150<P<600 psig - Internal volume > 5 cubic ft. for design P upto 250 psig
IS-2825
Unfired fusion welded pressure vessels Pressure < 20 N/mm2 Do/Di < 1.5 Di > 150 mm Water capacity > 50 litres Carbon and low alloy steels, high alloy steel, Cu and Cu alloys, Al and alloys, bolting and casting alloys
BS-5500
Unfired fusion welded pressure vessels Medium and high pressure storage vessels Excludes transportable vessels. Carbon, ferritic alloy(low and high) and austenitic steels
ADMerkblatter
Do/Di < 1.7 Vessels and vessel parts predominantly under static load.
materials
BS-5500
Maximum pressure at most severe conditions Actual metal temperature expected under operating conditions + margin for uncertainties
ADMerkblatter
Based on permissible service pressure
Design Maximum working pressure pressure including static head + 5% maximum working pressure. Design Highest metal tempera temperature expected under -ture operating conditions
Explosions
In spite of some of the most rigorous, wellconceived safety rules and procedures ever put together, boiler and pressure vessel accidents continue to occur. In 1980, for example, the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors reported: - 1972 boiler and pressure vessel accidents, 108 injuries and 22 deaths. The pressure vessel explosions are of course rare nowadays and are often caused by incorrect operation or poorly monitored corrosion.